Sl. Year No.

1 2011

Catalysts Studied/Modifications HY Zeolite Sample

D NiD PtD NiPtD CVD1 PtCVD1

Content%w t Pt Ni 0 0 0 0.8 0.9 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 1.0 0

Total Acidity 0.483 0.360 0.410 0.415 0.294 0.303

Reaction Conditions T = 3000C P = 1 atm

Experimental Method (i)Dealumination: HY treated in 12% H2O containing N2 T = 5000C t = 9h Refluxed in 3 ml HCl and Calcined under air, T = 5000C and t = 2h (ii)CVD: D is heat treated at T=4500C, t = 5h, cooled to T = 1500C, then made to undergo a silanation treatment in toluene at T = 1500C, deposition time = 1h, calcined at 5000C. (iii) Pt and Ni impregnated Treatment with aqueous solution of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O or H2PtCl6.6H2O

Observations The % conversion in dealuminated HY was higher than Non-dealuminated HY and NiD gave the highest conversion of 43% due to combined effects of surface area properties and acidity. NiD showed highest selectivity towards hydrocracking (100%). In the D impregnated catalysts the selectivity towards hydroisomerization products decreased with increase in total acidity. PtD showed the highest selectivity of 70%. Conversion and selectivity decreased with time in D, NiD species but PtD still showed good selectivity. Pt/HM13 showed the lowest conversion of 15% and the lowest selectivity towards isomers, whereas Pt/HY7 showed the highest selectivity and a moderate overall conversion. Though Pt/H21 has the highest conversion of 97%, it has only a 33% selectivity towards isomers, this is due to the higher acidic strength than Pt/HY7. On Pt/H21 increase in temperature decreases selectivity towards isomers but increases conversion. The optimim temperature is found to be around 2200C.

1997

Sample Pt/HY7 Pt/HM13 Pt/H21

%Selectivity to isomers 97.2 28.9 33.1

T = 160 2300C

H was synthesised for different aluminium contents by a hydrothermal treatment, Mordenite: Hydrothermally treated, dealuminated and leached with 6 N HNO3, T = 1000C t = 8h Zeolite Y was treated with ammonium nitrate solution to convert them to NH4+ forms Pt Impregnation: 2.6 mg of Pt/ml Pt(NH3)4Cl2 was introduced onto zeolites at 980C.

Increase in PH2 increases selectivity but decreases conversion. Increasing the Si/Al ratio and decreasing acid density, increased selectivity at the same conversion levels.