T i l i u Mi cr osof t Access 2000 Ch ng 6 Repor t

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CHUONG VI: BO BIEU (REPORT)
6.1. Gii thiu
6.1.1. ngha
i vi vic qun l co s d liu th mt yu cu khng th thiu l tao ra cc
bo co. Microsoft Access d cung cp cho chng ta mt cng cu rt manh d thit k
cc bo co, d l Report.
Sau khi thit k duoc mt Report hon chinh v luu lai, khi c nhu cu s dung
ban chi cn m Report, Accees s ly d liu hin c trong co s d liu d in.
Trong Access, Report duoc s dung d:
- T chc v hin thj d liu theo nhm.
- Thng k d liu theo nhiu hnh thc khc nhau nhu tnh tng, dm, .
- Bo biu c th cha mt bo biu con (SubReport) v d thj (Chart).
- D liu duoc trnh by km theo hnh nh, dung thng,nhm thu ht ngui
xem.
Tuong tu nhu form, d liu ngun ca cc report duoc ly t mt hoc nhiu
table/query hoc t cu lnh SQL. Chng duoc goi l d liu ngun (Record Source)
ca Report.
6.1.2. Cc thnh phn (section) trong Report
Hnh 6. 1
- Report Header/Footer (du/cui bo biu): Cc diu khin, hnh nh, tiu
d,... nm trong phn ny s xut hin chi mt ln du/cui bo biu.
- Page Header/Footer (tiu d du/cui trang): Cc diu khin trong phn ny
s xut hin du/cui mi trang trong bo biu.
- Detail: Th hin cc d liu chi tit.
Ngoi cc thnh phn trn, Report cn c hai thnh phn khc c trong cc bo
co nhm l Group Header/Footer. Cc diu khin trong cc thnh phn ny s xut
hin du/cui mi nhm trong bo biu.
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6.1.3. Phn loai
1. Bo co dang ct (Columnar): Hin thj d liu trn mt ct nhung khi in ra n
s in ra nhiu ct, dang ny thch hop d lp cc th hoc vin, th kho, th thu vin,...
V d:
Hnh 6. 2
2. Bo co dang bng (Tabular): D liu hin thj nhu mt danh sch, thung
duoc s dung cho cc bo co dang danh sch lit k.
V d:
Hnh 6. 3
3. Dang nhm (Group): Tuong tu nhu bo co dang bng nhung d liu duoc
phn theo tng nhm, trn mi nhm ta c th thuc hin cc thng k nhu tnh tng,
trung bnh,.... Dang ny thung duoc s dung d thng k theo tng nhm.
V d:
Hnh 6. 4
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6.2. Tao Report
6.2.1. Trnh t chung
1. Phn tch yu cu v xc djnh d liu ngun cho bo co. C th tao truc mt
query lm d liu ngun (nu cn).
2. Ty thuc vo loai bo co (tabular, columnar, group) v d liu ngun (ly t
mt hay nhiu table/query), ban c th chon mt trong cc cch thit k sau:
Dng AutoReport: Nu d liu ly t mt table/query.
Dng Report wizard: Nu d liu duoc ly t nhiu table/query.
thit k: Dng d tao cc report khng theo cc mu c sn. Cch ny
thung dng cho nhng ngui d kh rnh v thit k report.
3. Thm cc diu khin vo, djnh dang, dt thuc tnh cho report v cc diu khin
(nu cn). Buc ny thuc hin tuong tu nhu trn biu mu. Cc diu khin thung
xut hin trong report l label, textbox, line, rectangle.
4. Luu v dng biu mu.
6.2.2. Tao bo co bng AutoReport
AutoReport tao ra cc bo co lit k tt c d liu t mt table/query.
1. Trong ca s Database, click Reports trong khung Objects.
2. Click New d m hp thoai New Report.
Hnh 6. 5
3. Chon mt trong 2 loai Autoreport sau dy:
AutoReport: Columnar: Tao bo co dang ct.
AutoReport: Tabular: Tao bo co dang bng.
4. Click chon table/query ngun cho report.
5. Click OK.
Luu : Ban cng c th tao nhanh mt bo co dang ct theo cc buc sau:
1. Chon table/query ngun.
2. Thuc hin mt trong 2 cch: 1. Vo Insert/AutoReport, 2. Click vo mi tn bn
canh nt New Objects trn thanh cng cu ri chon AutoReport.
6.2.3. Tao bo co bng Report Wizard
Trnh wizard s hi ban mt s thng tin v d liu ngun, cc trung cn dua
vo bo co, cch nhm d liu, cch thng k d liu, cch sp xp d liu,. trong
qu trnh thit k v n s tao ra mt bo co cn c vo thng tin m ban cung cp.
1. Trong ca s Database, click Reports trong khung Objects.
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2. Click dp vo muc Create report by using wizard bn khung cha bo co.
3. ua cc cc trung vo report theo cch tuong tu nhu trong Form Wizard.
Click Next.
4. Nu d liu ngun duoc ly t nhiu table/query v cc table/query ny c lin
h vi nhau th tip tuc buc 5, nguoc lai, chuyn sang buc 7.
5. Chon dang bo co c phn nhm hay khng bng cch chon mt table/query
khung bn tri ca hp thoai sau. Ty vo lua chon ca ban, access s hin thj mu
ca bo co kt qu khung bn phi. Click Next.
Hnh 6. 6
6. Thm vo cc phn nhm (nu mun) v sp xp th tu cc phn nhm. Bo
co minh hoa trong hp thoai sau duoc phn nhm theo th tu : 1. MAKHO v
TENKHO, 2. Thng xut ha don (NGAYHD By Month). Click Next.
Hnh 6. 7
7. Chon cch sp xp v thng k d liu (click vo Summary Options). Cc
thng k c th dng l tng, trung bnh, nh nht v ln nht. Click Next.
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8. Chon cch trnh by cc diu khin (Stepped, Block, Outline,) v hung giy
in dng hoc ngang. Click Next.
9. Chon cch djnh dang cc diu khin v trang tr cho bo co. Click Next.
10. t lai tn bo co (nu mun) v chon ch d m bo co l xem (Preview
the report) hoc chinh sa (Modify the report's design). Click Finish.
Luu :
Sau khi thuc hin buc 3, ban c th click nt Finish d kt thc vic tao bo
co trong bt ky buc no cn lai. Khi d Access s s dung cc djnh dang dang s
dung cho bo co trong cc buc cn lai.
Thng thung sau khi tao bo co bng cng cu AutoReport hoc Report
wizard, ban cn phi thit k lai cho ph hop (xem phn 6.3).
6.2.4. T thit k Report
1. Trong ca s Database, click Reports trong khung Objects.
2. Click New d m hp thoai New Report.
3. Chon Report Design v chon table/query cha d liu ngun cho bo co.
4. Click OK, Access s m Report ch d Design d ban thit k lai. ch d
Design, Access s hin thj hp thoai Field List cha cc trung ca d liu ngun. Ban
dua cc trung ny vo bo co bng cch r v th tng trung vo vj tr mong
mun.
6.3. Hiu chinh report
6.3.1. Cc thao tc co bn trn report
M mt report: Click phi vo tn report trong ca s Database v chon (1)
Preview report: M report d xem kt qu v (2) Open report in design view: M Report
d chinh sa.
Luu mt report dang thit k: Nhn Ctrl+S hoc click nt lnh Save .
Xa mt report: Chon report cn xa ri nhn Delete, sau d nhn Enter d xc
nhn mt ln na.
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6.3.2. Hiu chinh report ch d Design View
Thng thung, cc report sau khi duoc tao ra cn phi duoc chinh sa lai cho
ph hop. tin hnh chinh sa mt report, truc ht ban cn phi m n ch d
Design View. Cc thao tc co bn trn cc diu khin trong report cng duoc thuc
hin tuong tu nhu di vi biu mu.
Ngoi ra do chc nng ca bo co l thng k d liu v in ra giy nn cn xt
thm cc vn d sau dy.
6.3.3. Cc thuc tnh ca Report v cc diu khin trn report
Cc thuc tnh ca Report v diu khin ca Report cng ging nhu d xt trn
Form, ngoi ra chng ta cn xt thm cc thuc tnh sau.
6.3.3.1. Thuc tnh ca Report
- Thuc tnh Page Header/Footer:
+ All Pages: Cc thnh phn du trang v cui trang ca bo biu s in chung vi
tt c cc trang trong bo biu.
+ Not With Rpt Hrd: Cc thnh phn du ca bo biu s in ra trn mt trang
ring.
+ Not With Rpt Frt: Cc thnh phn cui ca bo biu s in ra trn mt trang ring.
+ Not With Rpt Hrd/Frt: C 2 thnh phn du v cui ca bo biu s duoc in
ring trn 2 trang bo biu.
- Thuc tnh Picture Pages c gi trj :
+ All Pages: Hnh nh xut hin trn tt c cc trang bo biu.
+ First Page: Hnh nh chi xut hin trn trang du tin.
+ No Pages: Hnh nh khng xut hin trn bt ky trang no ca bo biu.
6.3.3.2. Thuc tnh ca diu khin trong Report
- CanGrow: Nu l Yes th lm cho diu khin tu dng diu chinh kch thuc theo
phuong doc di vi d liu cha trong trung n bj buc vo.
- CanShrink: Khi diu khin khng cha d liu hoc d liu rng, s cha ch d
trn giy l cho bo biu c nhiu ch trng. Nu mun ngn nga th ta dt thuc tnh
ny l Yes, Microsoft Access tu dng co mt diu khin khi khng c d liu trong d.
- HideDuplicate: Nu l Yes s che mt d liu trong diu khin nu gi trj ca n
trng vi mu tin truc d, lm cho bo biu d doc hon.
6.3.4. Sp xp
Access cho php sp xp cc mu tin trong bo co theo mt th tu no d nhu
ho tn theo th tu ABC, s luong theo th tu tng dn,... Ban c th sp xp ti da trn
10 trung v c th thuc hin ngay trong qu trnh tao bo co bng wizard hoc c
th thuc hin ch d Design View.
Cch thuc hin nhu sau:
Click phi vo mt vj tr trng trn report v chon Sorting and Grouping hoc
vo menu View\Sorting and Grouping d m hp thoai sau:
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Hnh 6. 9
Chon trung mun sp xp trong ct Field/Expression v cch sp xp tng
dn (Ascending) hoc gim dn (Descending) trong ct Sort Order. Ban c th nhp
mt biu thc (bt du bng du =) d lm chi tiu sp xp. V du: sp xp theo thng
ha don nhu minh hoa hp thoai trn).
Lp lai buc 2 cho mi trung mun sp xp cc dng tip theo.
Luu : Access s uu tin sp xp theo th tu cc dng t trn xung.
6.3.5. Phn nhm (Group d liu)
Mi bo co c th c ti da 4 nhm. Mi nhm thung c cu tao bi cc thnh
phn: Tiu d du nhm (Group Header), nhm con (nu c), ni dung chi tit trong
mi nhm (Details), tiu d cui nhm (Group Footer). Trung d phn nhm du tin
c d uu tin cao nht goi l nhm 1, nu trng dn trung tip theo l nhm 2,.....
Phn d liu chi tit chi xut hin mt ln trong bo co nm trong nhm c d uu tin
thp nht.
Sau khi sp xp ta c th dng trung/biu thc dang xt d nhm d liu bng
cch dt cc thuc tnh nhm (Group Properties) trong hp thoai Sorting and Grouping.
- Group Header/Footer: n (No)/hin (Yes) tiu d du/cui nhm.
- Group On: Cch thit lp nhm, thung l Each Value - ly ton b gi trj ca
Field/Expression lm chi tiu phn nhm, ngoi ra c th dng cc hm Day,
Month,...nu l trung kiu Date/Time,...
- Group Interval: Quy djnh bao nhiu gi trj khc nhau lin tip Group On d phn thnh mt nhm.
- Keep Together: Mt s quy djnh trnh by khi in.
+ No: In theo ch d mc djnh.
+ Whole Group: Ngt trang khi ht nhm.
+With First Detail: In tiu d du nhm v dng chi tit du tin trn cng mt trang.
* t thuc tnh Group On d nhm cc trung/biu thc di vi cc kiu
d liu khc nhau:
D liu kiu chui: Thuc tnh Group On c th l:
+ Each Value: Nhm cc mu tin nu chng c cng gi trj. Group Interval
thung c gi trj l 1.
+ PreFix Character: Nhm cc mu tin nu c n k tu du ging nhau, vi n
duoc quy djnh trong Group Interval.
D liu kiu ngy thng: Thuc tnh Group On c th l:
+ Each Value: Nhm cc mu tin c cng gi trj.
+ Year, Qrt, Month, Week, Day, Hour, Minute: Nhm cc mu tin c cng nm,
qu, thng, tun, ngy, gi, pht. Trong trung hop ny Group Interval qui djnh c bao
nhiu gi trj trong nm, qu, thng, tun, ngy, gi, pht lin tip trong mt nhm.
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V d: Nu mun bo biu in theo nhm 6 thng ta chon Group On l Month v
Group Interval l 6.
D liu kiu s/tin t: Thuc tnh Group On c th l:
- Each Value : Nhm cc mu tin c cng gi trj vo mt nhm.
- Interval: Nhm cc mu tin c gi trj roi vo min quy djnh trong thuc tnh
Group Interval.
6.3.6. Tao s th t
T ca s thit k Report, ta thm mt Text Box trong vng Details.
t thuc tnh cho Text Box ny nhu sau:
+ Control Source =1.
+ Running Sum: Chon mt trong 3 ty chon sau :
- Over All: S th tu trang t mu tin du dn mu tin cui.
- Over Group: S th tu tng trn nhm.
- No: Khng tao s th tu.
6.3.7. nh s trang
M report ch d Design View.
Hin thj cc thnh phn Page Header/Footer nu chua duoc hin thj (vo
View\Page Header/Page Footer).
Tao mt Textbox trn vng Page Header hoc Footer ty theo vj tr mun dt
s trang.
S dung php ton ghp chui v 2 hm h thng [Page] (hin thj s trang
dang xem) v [Pages] (hin thj tng s trang) d tao cc biu thc dnh s trang cho
report. Biu thc ny duoc nhp vo trong thuc tnh Control Source ca Text Box d
tao buc 3.
V d: hin thj s trang dang Trang x/n, ban nhp biu thc = Trang &
[Page] & / & [Pages] vo thuc tnh Control Source ca textbox.
6.3.8. [nh dang trang v In bo co
6.3.8.1. Thit lp trang in
M Report trong ch d Design View
hoc Print Preview.
Vo File\Page Setup
+ Click vo Margins. Thit lp khong
cch l (tnh bng inch) trong cc textbox sau:
- Top: L trn.
- Bottom: L dui.
- Left: L tri
- Right: L phi.
Hnh 6. 10
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+ Click vo tab Page ri thit lp cc
thng s sau:
- Hung in (Orientation)
1. Portrait: Hung in dng.
2. Landscape: Hung in ngang.
- Giy in (Page)
1. Size: Kch c giy.
2. Source: Cch dt giy in.
- Chon my in mc djnh (Default Printer)
hoc mt my in khc (Use specific Printer).
Hnh 6. 11
6.3.8.2. In bo biu
M report ch d Print
Preview.
VoFile\Print d m hp thoai Print.
Thit lp cc thng s sau:
- Print Range: Pham vi in:
+ All: In ton b bo biu
+ Pages From: Chi in mt s trang
duoc xc djnh trong phn 2 text box From
v To.
+ Selected Record (s): Chi in
phn duoc chon.
- Number of Copies: S bn in.
Click OK d in. Hnh 6. 12