( : Biogas digester

gas)

(anaerobic digestion)

(fermentation)

(CH4)
50-70%
(CO2) 30-40%

(H2) (O2) (H2S)
(N)

(marsh gas)

(greenhouse effect)

[]

1
2

3
(Anaerobic digestion)
o 3.1
4
4
(Methanogenic bacteria methanogens)
5

[]

17 Robert Boyle
Stephen Hale

1859 Sir Humphrey Davy

1859
(anaerobic digester)
1985

1907

1930

30

[]

20

.. 2531

GTZ (Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit)
"
-"

.. 2534

.. 2538

. (

. )

"

1" .. 2551
"

" .. 2553

"

"

[]

(Anaerobic
digestion)

(methane-producing bacteria)
(acid-producing
bacteria)

[ ]
4

1. (Hydrolysis): (
)


(extra cellular enzyme)

(monomer)

2.
(Acidification/ Acidogenesis):
(monomer)
(volatile fatty acid)


3. (Acetogenesis)

4.
(Methanization/Methanogenesis):
2

(methanogen)
CH3COOH --> CH4 + CO2

2CH3CH2OH + CO2 --> CH4 + 2CH3COOH

CO2 + 4H2 --> CH44 + 2H2O

[]

(Methanogenic bacteria
methanogens)


(anaerobic)




(cytology) (Alexander, 1961).

A. Rod-shaped Bacteria
o (a) Non-sporulating, Methanobacterium
o (b) Sporulating, Methanobacillus
B. Spherical
o (a) Sarcinae, Methanosarcina
o (b) Not in Sarcinal groups, Methanococcus

Methanogen

[]

(operating
temperature)

10 C

(Mesophilic)
(Thermophilic)

20 C
45 C
37 C 41 C

50 C 52 C

70 C

- (pH Value) pH

7.0 7.2 pH

pH
pH 5

Methanogen

p
H 6.5
NH4

pH 8
pH
6.8 8

(C/N
Ratio)


8 30

23

Methanogen

C/N Ratio

pH
pH 8.5
Methanoge
n C/N ratio
8-30

(Loading)

pH
(
acidogenesis
)
methanogen

(Retention time)

pH

14- 60
TSC
digester

(Total Solid Content, TSC)

o Solid content

High-solid () TSC
~ 20%
Low-solid () TSC
~ 15%

high solid

 (slurry)
high solid

Low solid

(Mixing)

(Scum)

(nutrient)

(inhibiting and Toxic

Materials)

, , ,

(
, , ,
, ,
)


50-200

1,500

( , , ,
, )

(Alkalinity)

-

,-, /
(CaCO3)

(Biogas
Plant)



o

(fined dome digester)
(floating drum digester)
(Indian digester)
(plastic covered
ditch) (plug flow
digester)
o

(Anaerobic Filter)

(AF)

(UASB Upflow
Anaerobic Sludge Blanker)

(sludge)

[]

"Friendly fuel trains". (Oct. 30, 2005). New Straits Times, p. F17.