THNG T

L I N T C H B K H O A H C , C NG NG H V M I T R NG B X Y D NG S 0 1/ 2 0 0 1 / T T L T - B K H C NM T - BX D NG Y 1 8 T H NG 1 N M 2 0 0 1 H NG D N C C Q UY NH V B O V M I T R NG I V I V I C L A C H N A I M , X Y D NG V V N H NH B I C H N L P C H T T H I R N

Thc hin chc nng, nhim v ca B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng quy nh ti Ngh nh s 22/CP ngy 22 thng 05 nm 1993 ca Chnh ph quy nh nhim v, quyn hn v t chc b my ca B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v ca B Xy dng quy nh ti Ngh nh s 15/CP ngy 04 thng 03 nm 1994 ca Chnh ph v chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng; p ng nhu cu bc thit trong tnh hnh hin nay v vn chn lp cht thi rn th v khu cng nghip, hn ch nhim, bo v mi trng. B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v B Xy dng hng dn cc quy nh v bo v mi trng i vi vic la chn a im, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn nh sau:
I. QUY NH CHUNG

1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng: 1.1. Phm vi iu chnh: Thng t ny hng dn thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng trong la chn a im, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn. 1.2. Cc loi cht thi rn khng thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Thng t ny bao gm: cht thi rn thuc danh mc cht thi nguy hi c quy nh ti Quy ch qun l cht thi nguy hi ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ngy 16/7/1999 ca Th tng Chnh ph v nhng loi cht thi rn nguy hi khc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn quyt nh theo quy nh ti Quy ch qun l cht thi nguy hi. 1.3. i tng p dng: Thng t ny p dng i vi cc c quan Qun l Nh nc v u t v xy dng, v cc C quan qun l nh nc v Bo v mi trng (sau y vit tt l CQQLNNMT); cc t chc, c nhn trong nc v nc ngoi lm cng tc dch v mi trng, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn (k c cc bi chn lp cht thi rn do cc c s sn xut t qun l). 2. Gii thch thut ng: Trong Thng t ny, cc thut ng di y c hiu nh sau: 2.1. Bi chn lp cht thi rn (sau y vit tt l BCL): l mt din tch hoc mt khu t c quy hoch, c la chn, thit k, xy dng chn lp cht thi rn nhm gim ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ca BCL ti mi trng. BCL bao gm cc chn lp cht thi, vng m v cc cng trnh ph tr khc nh trm x l nc, kh thi, cung cp in, nc v vn phng iu hnh. 2.2. Cht thi rn (sau y vit tt l CTR): l cht thi rn pht sinh t cc hot ng cc th v khu cng nghip, bao gm cht thi khu dn c, cht thi t cc hot ng thng mi, dch v th, bnh vin, cht thi cng nghip, cht thi do hot ng xy dng. 2.3. Nc rc: l nc pht sinh do qu trnh phn hu t nhin cht thi rn, c cha cc cht gy nhim. 2.4. Kh thi t chn lp cht thi: l hn hp kh sinh ra t chn lp cht thi do qu trnh phn hu t nhin CTR. 2.5. Vng m: l di t bao quanh BCL nhm mc ch ngn cch, gim thiu tc ng xu ca BCL n mi trng. 2.6. Lp lt: l cc lp vt liu c tri trn ton b din tch y v thnh bao quanh chn lp cht thi nhm ngn nga, gim thiu s ngm, thm thu nc rc vo tng nc ngm.

2.7. Lp che ph: l lp vt liu ph trn ton b BCL trong khi vn hnh v khi ng BCL nhm ngn nga, gim thiu tc ng t chn lp ti mi trng xung quanh v t bn ngoi vo chn lp CTR. 2.8. H thng thu gom kh thi: l h thng cc cng trnh, thit b thu gom kh thi sinh ra t BCL nhm ngn nga, gim thiu nhim khng kh v nguy c gy chy, n. 2.9. H thng thu gom nc rc: l h thng cc cng trnh bao gm tng thu gom, ng ng dn, mng dn thu gom nc rc v h tp trung hoc ti trm x l. 2.10. Hng ro bo v: l h thng tng, ro chn, vnh ai cy xanh hoc vt cn c chiu cao nht nh bao quanh BCL nhm hn ch tc ng t cc hot ng chn lp CTR n mi trng xung quanh. 2.11. Thi gian hot ng ca BCL: l ton b khong thi gian t khi bt u chn lp CTR n khi ng BCL. 2.12. ng BCL: l vic ngng hon ton hot ng chn lp CTR ti BCL. 2.13. H thng thot nc mt v nc ma l h thng thu gom nc mt v nc ma dn v ni quy nh nhm ngn nga nc mt t bn ngoi xm nhp vo cc chn lp. 2.14. Ch u t BCL: l t chc, c nhn ngi Vit Nam hoc t chc, c nhn ngi nc ngoi chu trch nhim qun l vn/cung cp vn u t xy dng BCL. 2.15. Ch vn hnh BCL: l t chc, c nhn Vit Nam hoc t chc, c nhn nc ngoi chu trch nhim trc ch u t v qun l khai thc v s dng BCL. 2.16. T chc chuyn mn kim tra BCL: l t chc c t cch php nhn thc hin gim st, kim nh, ly mu, phn tch cc hng mc v cc ch tiu lin quan ti hot ng ca BCL.
II. LA CHN A IM, U T V XY DNG BI CHN LP CHT THI RN

1. Nguyn tc chung: Cng tc chun b u t, thc hin u t, xy dng BCL phi tun theo Ngh nh s 52/1999/N-CP ngy 8/7/1999 ca Chnh ph v vic ban hnh Quy ch qun l u t v xy dng (gi tt l Ngh nh 52/CP), Ngh nh 12/CP ngy 5/5/2000 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 52/CP (gi tt l Ngh nh 12/CP), theo cc quy nh ti Thng t ny v cc vn bn quy phm php lut v u t v xy dng. Khi ph duyt d n u t BCL phi c ph duyt Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (theo Ph lc II, Thng t 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT ngy 29/4/1998 ca B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng hng dn lp v thm nh Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi cc d n u t). 2. Yu cu la chn a im BCL 2.1. a im BCL phi c xc nh cn c theo quy nh xy dng c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt. 2.2. Khong cch xy dng t BCL ti cc im dn c, khu th c quy nh trong Ph lc 1 ca Thng t ny. 2.3. Vic la chn a im phi cn c vo cc yu t t nhin, kinh t, x hi, h hng h tng k thut ti khu vc d kin xy dng BCL (quy nh ti Ph lc 2 ca Thng t ny). 3. La chn cc m hnh BCL Tu thuc vo cc c tnh ca tng loi cht thi c chn lp v c im a hnh tng khu vc, c th la chn cc m hnh BCL sau: bi chn lp kh, bi chn lp t, bi chn lp hn hp kh-t, bi chn lp ni, bi chn lp chm, bi chn lp kt hp chm ni v bi chn lp cc khe ni (c quy nh c th ti Ph lc s 3). 4. Quy m din tch BCL: 4.1. Quy m din tch BCL c xc nh trn c s: A. Dn s v lng cht thi hin ti, t l tng dn s v tng lng cht thi trong sut thi gian vn hnh ca BCL. B. Kh nng tng trng kinh t v nh hng pht trin ca th.

4.2. Vic thit k BCL phi m bo sao cho tng chiu dy ca bi k t y n nh c th t 15 m n 25 m, tu thuc vo loi hnh BCL v iu kin cnh quan xung quanh BCL. 4.3. T l din tch xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr: ng, k, h thng thot nc, dn nc, nh kho, sn bi, xng, h lng nc rc, h x l nc, h thng hng ro cy xanh v cc cng trnh ph tr khc trong BCL chim khong 20% tng din tch bi. Cn c vo cc c im trn xc lp quy m cc BCL theo Bng 2 ti Ph lc 4 km theo Thng t ny. 5. Quy trnh la chn BCL. Vic la chn a im BCL c thc hin theo 4 bc sau: - Bc 1: Thu thp cc ti liu lin quan n yu cu ca BCL, khi lng cht thi cn chn lp v d kin trong tng lai. Quy nh v mc iu tra khi lp d n xy dng BCL c quy nh ti Ph lc 5 ca Thng t ny. - Bc 2: Xc nh phng n cc a im c kh nng xy dng BCL. Cc v tr ny c th c xem xt v xut trn c s nghin cu phn tch cc bn a hnh, a cht, a cht thu vn, bn hin trng s dng t c, hin trng phn b dn c. T chc cc chuyn kho st thc a. - Bc 3: So snh v la chn phng n vi cc ch tiu ca BCL v loi b bt mt s a im d nh. La chn chnh thc, trong bc ny so snh nh gi chi tit cc a im cn li trn c s phn tch nh gi da theo cc ch tiu: k thut, kinh t v x hi, la chn ti u, p dng cc phng php chp bn , tnh im cc ch tiu. thc hin c bc ny cn phi c y cc ti liu iu tra hin trng mi trng, c im t nhin, kinh t - x hi ca tt c cc a im d nh. T , cho im tng yu t i vi tng a im v la chn a im thch hp nht. - Bc 4: S phc, m phng phng n a im la chn V cc cng trnh xy dng c bn ca BCL c quy nh ti Ph lc 6 km theo Thng t ny.
III- VN HNH BI CHN LP CHT THI RN

1. Giai on hot ng ca BCL 1.1. Cht thi c ch n BCL phi c kim tra phn loi (qua trm cn) v tin hnh chn lp ngay, khng qu 24 gi. Cht thi phi c chn lp theo ng cc quy nh cho tng loi cht thi tng ng. i vi cc BCL tip nhn trn 20.000 tn (hoc 50.000 m3) cht thi/nm nht thit phi trang b h thng cn in t kim sot nh lng cht thi. 1.2. Ch vn hnh BCL phi xc nh ng cc loi cht thi c php chn lp khi tip nhn vo BCL v phi lp s ng k theo di nh k hng nm theo cc mc sau: A. Tn ngi li xe vn ti cht thi. B. Tnh cht ca cht thi, nu l bn st phi ghi r hm lng cn. C. Lng cht thi. D. Thi gian (ngy, thng, nm) vn chuyn cht thi. E. Ngun pht sinh cht thi, nu l cht thi cng nghip th phi ghi r tn nh my, x nghip. S sch ghi chp v cc ti liu c lin quan phi c lu gi v bo qun ti Ban Qun l BCL trong thi gian vn hnh v sau t nht l 5 nm k t ngy ng BCL. 1.3. Cht thi phi c chn lp thnh cc lp ring r v ngn cch nhau bng cc lp t ph. A. Cht thi sau khi c chp nhn chn lp phi c san u v m nn k (bng my m nn 6 8 ln) thnh nhng lp c chiu dy ti a 60 cm m bo t trng cht thi ti thiu sau m nn 0,52 tn 0,8 tn/m3. B. Phi tin hnh ph lp t trung gian trn b mt rc khi rc c m cht (theo cc lp) c cao ti a t 2,0 m - 2,2 m. Chiu dy lp t ph phi t 20 cm. T l lp t ph chim khong 10% 15% tng th tch rc thi v t ph.

C. t ph phi c thnh phn ht st > 30%, m d m nn. Lp t ph phi c tri u khp v kn lp cht thi v sau khi m nn k th c b dy khong 15cm 20 cm. 1.4. Ngoi t ph, vt liu cc iu kin sau y cng c s dng lm vt liu ph trung gian gia cc lp cht thi: A. C h s thm 1 x 10-4cm/s v c t nht 20% khi lng c kch thc 0,08 mm. B. C cc c tnh: - C kh nng ngn mi. - Khng gy chy, n. - C kh nng ngn chn cc loi cn trng, ng vt o bi. - C kh nng ngn chn s pht tn cc cht thi l vt liu nh. 1.5. CTR ca cc nh my nhit in c chn lp theo hng dn k thut chuyn ngnh. 1.6. Cc chn lp phi c phun thuc dit cn trng (khng c dng dung dch). S ln phun s cn c vo mc pht trin ca cc loi cn trng m phun cho thch hp nhm hn ch ti a s pht trin ca cn trng. 1.7. Cc phng tin vn chuyn CTR sau khi cht thi vo BCL cn phi c ra sch trc khi ra khi phm vi BCL. 1.8. H thng thu gom v x l nc thi phi thng xuyn hot ng v c kim tra, duy tu, sa cha v thau ra nh k m bo cng sut thit k. Cc h lng phi c no vt bn v a bn n khu x l thch hp. Nc rc khng c php thi trc tip ra mi trng nu hm lng cc cht nhim vt qu cc tiu chun quy nh (TCVN). 1.9. Cho php s dng tun hon nc rc nguyn cht t h thng thu gom ca BCL, hoc bn st pht sinh ra t h thng x l nc rc tr li ti ln BCL tng cng qu trnh phn hu cht thi trong nhng iu kin sau: A. Chiu dy lp rc ang chn lp phi lp hn 4 m. B. Phi p dng k thut ti u trn b mt. C. Khng p dng cho nhng vng ca chn lp khi tin hnh ph lp cui cng. 2. Giai on ng BCL 2.1. Vic ng BCL c thc hin khi: A. Lng cht thi c chn lp trong BCL t c dung tch ln nht nh thit k k thut. B. Ch vn hnh BCL khng c kh nng tip tc vn hnh BCL. C. ng BCL v cc l do khc. Trong mi trng hp ch vn hnh BCL phi gi cng vn ti CQQLNNMT thng bo thi gian ng BCL. 2.2. Trnh t ng BCL: A. Lp t ph trn cng c hm lng st > 30%, m bo m tiu chun v c m nn cn thn, chiu dy ln hn hoc bng 60 cm. dc t chn n nh bi tng dn t 3 5%, lun m bo thot nc tt v khng trt l, st ln, sau cn: - Ph lp m bng t c thnh phn ph bin l ct dy t 50 cm 60 cm. - Ph lp t trng (lp t th nhng) dy t 20 cm 30 cm. - Trng c v cy xanh. B. Trong cc BCL ln, cn phi tin hnh song song vic vn hnh BCL vi vic xy dng cc chn lp mi, ng cc y. V vy, cc cng vic u phi tun th cc quy nh cho tng cng on nu trn. 2.3. Trong thi hn 6 thng k t ngy ng BCL, ch vn hnh BCL phi bo co CQQLNNMT v hin trng ca BCL. Bo co ny phi do mt t chc chuyn mn c lp v mi trng thc hin, bao gm cc ni dung sau: A. Tnh trng hot ng, hiu qu v kh nng vn hnh ca tt c cc cng trnh trong BCL bao gm: h thng chng thm ca BCL, h thng thu gom v x l nc rc, h thng qun l

nc mt, nc ngm, h thng thu gom kh thi cng nh ton b h thng gim st cht lng nc ngm v.v... B. Tnh hnh quan trc cht lng nc thi t BCL ra mi trng, v cht lng nc ngm cng nh v pht thi kh thi. C. Vic tun th nhng quy nh hin hnh ca Thng t ny cng nh phc hi v ci thin cnh quan khu vc BCL. Bo co phi ch r cc trng hp khng tun th cc quy nh ca Thng t ny v phi nu cc bin php khc phc. 2.4. Sau khi ng BCL, vn khng c php cho ngi v sc vt vo t do, c bit trn nh bi ni tp trung kh gas. Phi c cc bin bo, ch dn an ton trong BCL. 3. Quan trc mi trng BCL 3.1. Quy nh chung Bt k mt BCL no, quy m ln hay nh, ng bng hay min ni u phi quan trc v mi trng v t chc theo di bin ng mi trng. A. Quan trc mi trng bao gm vic quan trc mi trng khng kh, mi trng nc, mi trng t v h sinh thi, mi trng lao ng, sc kho cng ng khu vc ph cn. B. V tr cc trm quan trc cn t cc im c trng c th xc nh c cc din bin ca mi trng do nh hng ca bi chn lp to nn. C. i vi cc BCl. Cn phi b tr cc trm quan trc t ng. 3.2. Cc trm quan trc mi trng nc A. Nc mt: - Trong mi BCL phi b tr t nht 2 trm quan trc nc mt dng chy nhn nc thi ca BCL. + Trm th nht nm thng lu ca x nc thi ca BCL t 15 m 20 m. + Trm th hai nm h lu ca x nc thi ca BCL t 15m 20 m. - Nu trong chu vi 1000 m c cc h cha nc phi b tr thm mt trm ti h cha nc. B. Nc ngm: - Trm quan trc ngm b tr theo hng dng chy t pha thng lu n pha h lu BCL, cn t nht l 4 l khoan quan trc (1 l khoan pha thng lu v 3 l khoan pha H lu). Quan trc c trong i thng kh v i bo ho nc. - ng vi mi im dn c quanh BCL b tr t nht mt trm quan trc (ging khi hay l khoan). C. Nc thi: V tr cc trm quan trc c b tr m bo sao cho quan trc ton din cht lng nc thi u vo v u ra khi khu x l. C th l: - Mt trm t ti v tr trc khi vo h thng x l. - Mt trm t ti v tr sau x l, trc khi thi ra mi trng xung quanh. 3.5. Chu k quan trc: i vi cc trm t ng phi tin hnh quan trc v cp nht s liu hng ngy. Khi cha c trm quan trc t ng th tu thuc vo thi k hot ng hay ng bi m thit k v tr v tn sut quan trc cho hp l, m bo theo di c ton b cc din bin mi trng do hot ng ca BCL, c th nh sau: A. i vi thi k vn hnh cn quan trc: - Lu lng (nc mt, nc thi): 2 thng/ln. - Thnh phn ho hc: 4 thng/ln. B. i vi thi k ng BCL: - Trong nm u: 3 thng/ln - T cc nm sau: 2 3 ln/nm Ch khi ly mu ti cc l khoan quan trc nc ngm, trc khi ly mu phi bm cho nc lu thng t nht 30 pht. C. Ch tiu phn tch v i snh thnh phn ho hc: Theo tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng (TCVN).

D. C th mi nm vo u ma ma ly v phn tch mu nc ma. 3.4. Cc trm quan trc mi trng khng kh A. V tr cc trm quan trc: Cc trm theo di mi trng khng kh c b tr nh sau: Bn trong cc cng trnh v nh lm vic trong phm vi ca BCL cn b tr mng li ti thiu 4 im gim st khng kh bn ngoi cc cng trnh v nh lm vic trong phm vi ca BCL. B. Ch quan trc (khi cha c trm quan trc t ng): 3 thng/ln C. Thng s o: bi, ting n, nhit , kh pht thi theo Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN). 3.5. Theo di sc kho cng nhn vin Cn b cng nhn lm vic ti BCL cn phi c theo di v kim tra sc kho nh k, t nht l 6 thng/ln. 3.6. Cc v tr o (cc trm): cc v tr o (cc trm) phi c nh, nn c mc nh du. i vi trm quan trc nc ngm phi c thit k chi tit, c th tham kho s (xem Hnh v trong phn Ph lc 7 km theo). 3.7. Quan trc kim tra dc, st ln lp ph v thm thc vt: Khi cha c trm quan trc t ng: 2 ln/nm. Nu c vn th phi hiu chnh ngay. 3.8. Ch bo co: Hng nm n v qun l BCL phi c bo co v hin trng mi trng ca bi cho cc CQQLNNMT. 3.9. Ti liu bo co: Ngoi ti liu cc kt qu o c, quan trc phi c cc bo co v a cht thu vn, a cht cng trnh, thuyt minh chi tit hot ng cc h thng thu gom nc, rc, kh, dc... 3.10. Cc chi ph: Chi ph cho vic xy dng, mng quan trc mi trng c tnh vo gi thnh xy dng v vn hnh BCL. 3.11. Thi gian hot ng: thi gian hot ng ca mng quan trc c bt u t kh BCL bt u vn hnh n khi ng BCL. Sau khi ng BCL th vic ly mu phn tch phi tip tc trong vng 5 nm, nu cht lng mu phn tch t di TCVN th s chm dt vic ly mu phn tch v ngng hot ng ca trm quan trc. 3.12. Thit b o v phng php o: Thit b o v phng php o phi thng nht, tu theo s tin b ca khoa hc k thut cc trm o c th c trang b t ng ho v ni mng chung vi phng iu hnh ca bi. 4. Kim tra cht lng cng trnh v mt mi trng. 4.1. Cng tc kim tra mi trng trong xy dng, vn hnh v ng BCL phi c tin hnh thng xuyn. 4.2. Trong s cc hng mc phi kim tra cht lng v mi trng cn c bit ch kim tra cc h thng chng thm, h thng thu gom v x l nc rc, h thng thu gom, nh gi v kh biogas cng nh h thng ging quan trc nc di t, cc trm quan trc nc mt. Cng tc kim tra phi c tin hnh c hin trng v trong phng th nghim, ng hng mc v ph hp vi tng thi im cn thit nhm m bo sao cho nhng vt liu v thit b s dng trong BCL p ng cc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng (TCVN). 4.3. Tt c cc vt liu v thit b s dng trong vic xy dng cc BCL chng thm hoc lp t cc h thng nu trong Phn II cn phi c cn b chuyn mn kim tra khch quan p ng cc yu cu v mi trng. 4.4. Cc cn b chuyn mn ph trch cng tc kim tra v gim st cht lng mi trng phi np bo co kt qu sau mi giai on, hng mc u t xy dng nu trong Phn II cho CQQLNNMT nhm kp thi pht hin nhng trng hp vi phm tiu chun mi trng trong vic thit k, xy dng, vn hnh BCLv ra nhng bin php khc phc. 4.5. Cc trang thit b s dng kim tra cht lng mi trng phi m bo quy chun quc gia v quc t. 5. Ti s dng din tch BCL

5.1. Khi quy hoch s dng v thit k BCL phi tnh n kh nng ti s dng mt bng chn lp sau khi BCL ng ca nh: gi nguyn trng thi BCL, lm cng vin, khu vui chi gii tr, sn th thao, bi u xe, hay trng cy xanh. 5.2. Mun ti s dng BCL phi tin hnh kho st, nh gi cc yu t mi trng c lin quan, nu m bo mi tin hnh ti s dng. 5.3. Trong sut thi gian ch s dng li din tch BCL, vic x l nc rc, kh gas vn phi tip tc hot ng bnh thng. 5.4. Sau khi ng BCL vn phi tin hnh theo di s bin ng ca mi trng ti cc trm quan trc. 5.5. Sau khi ng BCL phi thnh lp li bn a hnh ca khu vc BCL. 5.6. Sau khi ng BCL phi c bo co y v quy trnh hot ng ca BCL, xut cc bin php tch cc kim sot mi trng trong nhng nm tip theo. 5.7. Lm th tc bn giao cho cc c quan v n v c thm quyn tip tc qun l, s dng li mt bng ca BCL. 5.8. Khi ti s dng phi tin hnh kim tra cht ch cc l khoan thu hi kh gas. Khi p sut ca cc l khoan kh khng cn chnh lch vi p sut kh quyn v nng kh gas khng ln hn 5% mi c php san i li.
IV- T CHC THC HIN

1. B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 1.1. Ch tr phi hp vi B Xy dng, U ban nhn dn cc tnh v thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng t chc ph bin hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin Thng t ny. 1.2. Ch o S Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng thc hin cc vic sau: A. T chc iu tra kho st cc iu kin a cht thu vn, a cht cng trnh v mi trng ca khu vc c quy hoch lm c s cho vic thit k xy dng BCL, theo di n c ch u t xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng BCL trnh CQQLNNMT c thm quyn ph duyt. B. Phi hp vi S Xy dng, S Giao thng Cng chnh hng dn thc hin cc quy nh, tiu chun mi trng hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong vic thit k xy dng v vn hnh BCL. 2. B Xy dng: 2.1. Ch tr v phi hp vi B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v U ban nhn dn cc tnh v thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng hng dn lp quy hoch a im xy dng cho BCL ti cc a phng, xy dng ban hnh cc tiu chun thit k v thi cng BCL m bo v sinh mi trng. 2.2. Ch o S Xy dng, S Giao thng Cng chnh phi hp vi S Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng hng dn thc hin cc quy nh, tiu chun mi trng hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong vic la chn a im, thit k xy dng v vn hnh BCL. 3. U ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng Theo chc nng v quyn hn ca mnh ch o vic t chc, thc hin cc quy nh ti Thng t ny trong phm vi a phng. Thng t ny c hiu lc thi hnh sau 15 ngy k t ngy k. Trong qu trnh thc hin Thng t ny, nu pht sinh nhng kh khn, vng mc, cc a phng, t chc, c nhn kp thi phn nh v B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng v B Xy dng nghin cu, sa i, b sung cho ph hp.

PH LC 1:
BNG 1- KHONG CCH THCH HP KHI LA CHN BI CHN LP CC CNG c im v quy m Khong cch ti thiu t vnh ai cng trnh ti cc TRNH cng trnh bi chn lp (m) Bi chn lp nh Bi chn Bi chn lp rt v va lp ln ln 3 4 5 1 2 Cc thnh ph, th th 3000-5000 5000-15000 15000-30000 x, th trn, th t... Sn bay, cc khu T quy m nh n cng nghip, hi 1000-2000 2000-3000 3000-5000 ln cnh. Cm dn c ( 15 h ng bng v trung du Cui hng gi ( 1000 ( 1000 ( 1000 chnh Cc hng khc ( 300 ( 300 ( 300 Cm dn c Theo khe ni (c 3000.5000 >5000 > 5000 min ni dng chy xung). Khng cng khe ni Khng quy nh Khng quy nh Khng quy nh Cng trnh khai Cng sut < 100 50-100 >100 >500 thc nc ngm m /ng Q < 10.000 m /ng > 100 > 500 > 1000 Q > 10.000 m /ng > 500 > 1000 > 5000
3 3 3

Lu : Khng nn quy hoch BCL nhng vng c tng cha nc ngm vi tr lng ln, khng k nc ngm nm nng hay su, nhng vng c vi (Karst). Tuy nhin nu khng c cch la chn no khc th bi chn lp phi m bo tt c cc rc, cc h cha v x l nc thi, cc knh dn nc thi (k c y v b) u phi xy dng lp chng thm, hoc phi gia c y cc cng trnh trn t h s thm nh hn hoc bng 1x10-7 cm/s vi b dy khng nh hn 1m v phi c h thng thu gom v x l nc rc, nc thi.
PH LC 2 LA CHN A IM BI CHN LP CHT THI RN

Khi la chn a im xy dng BCL, cn phi cn c vo quy hoch tng th ca tng vng, tnh hoc thnh ph v phi m bo c s pht trin bn vng v phi xem xt ton din cc yu t sau: 1. Cc yu t t nhin (mi trng t nhin): - a hnh. - Kh hu. - Thu vn. - Yu t thu vn. - a cht cng trnh. - Yu t ti nguyn, khong sn. - Cnh quan sinh thi. 2. Cc yu t kinh t - x hi: - S phn b dn c ca khu vc.

- Hin trng kinh t v kh nng tng trng kinh t. - H thng qun l hnh chnh. - Di tch lch s. - An ninh v quc phng. 3. Cc yu t v c s h tng: - Giao thng v cc dch v khc. - Hin trng s dng t. - Phn b cc c s sn xut cng nghip, khai khong hin ti v tng lai. - H thng cp thot nc v mng li in. 4. Khong cch thch hp khi la chn bi chn lp: Khi la chn v tr BCL cn phi xc nh r: - Khong cch t BCL n cc th. - Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc cm dn c. - Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc sn bay. - Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc cng trnh vn ho, khu du lch. - Khong cch t bi chn lp n cc cng trnh khai thc nc ngm. - Khong cch t ra bi chn lp n ng giao thng chnh. Cc khong cch ny c qui nh c th trong Bng 1 ti Ph lc 1 ca Thng t ny.
PH L C 3

CC M HNH BI CHN LP CHT THI THNG C S DNG

1. Bi chn lp kh: l bi chn lp cc cht thi thng thng (rc sinh hot, rc ng ph v rc cng nghip). 2. Bi chn lp t: l bi chn lp dng chn lp cht thi di dng bn nho. 3. Bi chn lp hn hp kh, t: l ni dng chn lp cht thi thng thng v c bn nho. i vi cc dnh chn lp t v hn hp bt buc phi tng kh nng hp th nc rc ca h thng thu nc rc, khng cho nc rc thm n nc ngm. 4. Bi chn lp ni: l bi chn lp xy ni trn mt t nhng ni c a hnh bng phng, hoc khng dc lm (vng i g). Cht thi c cht thnh ng cao n 15m. Trong trng hp ny xung quanh bi phi c cc v phi khng thm ngn chn quan h nc rc vi nc mt xung quanh. (Hnh 1). 5. Bi chn lp chm: l loi bi chm di mt t hoc tn dng cc h t nhin, moong khai thc c, ho, mng, rnh (Hnh 2). 6. Bi chn lp kt hp chm ni: l loi bi xy dng na chm, na ni. Cht thi khng ch c chn lp y h m sau tip tc c cht ng ln trn. (Hnh 3). 7. Bi chn lp cc khe ni: l loi bi c hnh thnh bng cch tn dng khe ni cc vng ni, i cao. (Hnh 4). Hnh 1 -Bi chn lp ni Hnh 2- Bi chn lp chm Hnh 3- Bi chn lp kt hp chm - ni Hnh 4- Bi chn lp cc khe ni.

PH L C 4

BNG 2- PHN LOI QUI M BI CHN LP CHT THI RN

STT 1 2 3 4 ln.

Loi bi Dn s th hin ti Lng rc Din tch bi Nh ( 100.000 20.000 tn/nm ( 10 ha Va 100.000 - 300.000 65.000 tn/nm 10 - 30 ha Ln 300.000 - 1.000.000 200.000 tn/nm 30 - 50 ha Rt ln ( 1.000.000 > 200.000 tn/nm ( 50 ha Lu : Thi gian hot ng i vi BCL t nht l 5 nm; Hiu qu nht l t 25 nm tr
PH L C 5

QUY NH V IU TRA (MC IU TRA)

1. iu tra v a hnh: i vi tt c cc BCL phi tin hnh o c a hnh vi t l 1: 5000; 1: 2000, ngoi ra phi c bn a hnh khu vc, t l 1: 25.000 i vi ng bng v 1:50.000 i vi trung du v min ni. Tt c cc im o a vt l, khoan a cht thu vn, khoan a cht cng trnh phi c xc nh to , cao v a ln bn a hnh. 2. iu tra v thi tit, kh hu: Phi thu thp ti liu kh hu cc trm kh tng gn nht, cc yu t cn thu thp bao gm: A. Lng ma trung bnh cc thng nm, lng ma ngy ln nht, ngy nh nht. B. bc hi trung bnh v ln nht trong thng. C. Hng gi v tc gi trong nm. D. Nhit trung bnh, ln nht, nh nht trong thng v.v... 3. iu tra v thu vn: Ngoi vic thu thp cc ti liu thu vn khu vc (mng sng sui, gi tr mc nc trung bnh, ln nht, nh nht, lu lng trung bnh, ln nht, nh nht cc trm thu vn gn nht, ch thu triu i vi cc vng nh hng triu), cn phi tin hnh iu tra kho st thc a v phi lm sng t cc vn c bn sau: A. Mng li sng sui ca khu vc v c bit l cc dng chy chy qua khu vc BCL (dng chy lin tc hoc tm thi i vi dng chy theo ma). B. Quy m ca cc dng chy: rng, su, hng chy... C. Lu vc cc dng chy: din tch, dc, kh nng tp trung nc. D. Lu lng dng chy, c bit ch lu lng l. E. Mc nc cao nht, nh nht ca cc dng chy. F. Cht lng nc. G. Hin trng s dng nc. H. Cc ao h, kch thc, cht lng v hin trng s dng. I. Bin ng mc nc cc h. K. Khong cch t BCL n cc h, cc dng chy. L. Kt qu phn tch mt s mu nc. Vic cp nhp cc s liu trn vi chui thi gian cng di cng c gi tr, ti thiu khng nh hn 5 nm 4. iu tra v a cht, a cht thu vn, a cht cng trnh: 4.1. Mc iu tra phi tr li c cc vn c bn sau: A. Din phn b ca cc lp t trong khu vc BCL, din tch, b dy, su phn b. B. Thnh phn thch hc ca cc lp. C. H s thm nc ca cc lp. D. Thnh phn ho hc ca nc, tnh cht c l ca cc lp t, thnh phn ht. E. Mc nc ca cc lp.

F. Vng xy dng bi c cc t gy chy qua khng? Quy m, tnh cht ca t gy. G. Mc ng t. H. Kh nng tr v cht lng t phc v vic ph v ng ca bi chn lp. su nghin cu i vi vng trung du phi ti chiu su gc, ng bng phi ht su tng cha nc trn cng v mt s vng nh H Ni phi n su ca tng cha nc ch yu ang khai thc. 4.2 thc hin c cc yu cu trn phi: A. Tin hnh o a vt l xc nh t gy. B. Khoan v th nghim t nht mt l khoan a cht thu vn. su l khoan a cht thu vn phi vo tng cha nc c ngha cp nc. V d l khoan c th b tr ngoi din tch bi chn lp n 50 m (sau ny nu cn c th s dng lm l khoan cp nc cho bi chn lp hoc lm trm quan trc nc ngm). C. Hin trng khai thc s dng nc ngm ca khu vc. D. a cht cng trnh: mng li khoan cc l khoan a cht cng trnh c th 30m x 30m n 50m x 50 m tu theo bi ln hay nh. - Chiu su cc l khoan a cht cng trnh 15m. - S mu ly trong mi lp t nht l 1 mu. - Ch tiu phn tch: h s thm, thnh phn ht, tnh cht c l ca t . - Tt c cc l khoan phi o mc nc. - Sau khi kt thc cng tc kho st, cc l khoan cn c lp m bo ng yu cu k thut, tuyt i khng nc thm r xung di v ch li cc l khoan dng quan trc (o mc nc, ly mu phn tch...). - Phn tch ho hc mt s mu t (mi lp ti thiu 1 mu). 5. iu tra h sinh thi khu vc: A. H thc vt, ng vt ch yu v ngha kinh t ca n. B. H thu sinh. C. Cc loi thc vt v ng vt qu him c trong sch ca khu vc BCL v vng ph cn. 6. iu tra v tnh hnh kinh t - x hi: A. Hin trng s dng t, c bit khu d kin chn BCL: nng sut sn xut, gi tr kinh t hin ti. B. C s h tng quanh BCL (giao thng, in nc...). C. C s sn xut kinh doanh, dch v. D. Cc khu dn c gn nht (s dn, t l sinh sn, bnh tt hin ti... Phong tc tp qun). E. Cc khu du lch, di tch lch s vn ho, danh lam thng cnh v cc yu t khc.
PH L C 6

BNG 3- CC CNG TRNH XY DNG C BN TRONG BI CHN LP CHT THI RN

S TT

Cng trnh Nh, va

ng bng Ln Rt ln X X X X X X Nh, va X X X

Trung du Ln Rt ln X X X X X X Nh, va X X X

Min ni Ln Rt ln X X X X X X

1 2 3

rc Sn phi bn, cha bn H thng thu gom, x l nc rc.

X X X

Thu v x l kh gas 5 H thng thot v ngn dng mt 6 H thng hng ro 7 Vnh ai cy xanh c tn 8 H thng bin bo 9 H thng quan trc mi trng H thng in, 10 cp thot nc 11 Trm cn 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Trm kim tra CTR Trm v sinh xe my. H thng iu hnh Vn phng lm vic Khu vc cha cht ph Khu vc cha ph liu thu hi Kho cha cc cht dit cn trng Trm sa cha, bo dng

X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X

X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

20 Ln xe my 21 Trm th nghim

X X

CC CNG TRNH XY DNG C BN, CH YU TRONG BI CHN LP

1. Cc chn lp bao gm mt s dng nh sau: 1.1. Cc chn lp CTR thng thng. A. Cc chn lp l ni cha v chn cht thi. i vi cc BCL c quy m ln v rt ln, c th chia thnh cc chn lp CTR thng thng v mt s chn lp cht thi nguy hi khi c php ca CQQLNMT. Trong mi BCL thng thit k s chn lp ph hp vi cng sut ca BCL v cc iu kin thc t ca tng a phng.

B. Kch thc cc chn lp nn thit k sao cho mi vn hnh khng qu 3 nm phi ng ca v chuyn sang chn lp mi. C. Cc nn c ngn cch vi nhau bi cc con v trng cy xanh hn ch nhim v to cnh qun mi trng. D. Nn v vch ca chn lp phi c h s thm nh v c kh nng chu ti ln, c th l nn v vch t nhin hoc nhn to. Nn v vch t nhin y chn lp phi m bo c cc lp t c h s thm ca t 1 x 10-7 cm/s v b dy trn 1m. Nu lp t t nhin c h s thm nc > 1x 10-7 cm/s v b dy khng nh hn 60 cm. Nn v vch thm ca cc trong bi chn lp cn phi lt y bi lp chng thm bng lp mng tng hp chng thm c chiu dy t nht 1,5 mm. nh ca vch ngn ti thiu phi t bng mt t v y ca n phi xuyn vo lp st y bi, t nht l 60 cm. E. y chn lp phi c sc chu ti > 1kg/cm2 thun tin cho vic thi cng c gii. dc y khng nh hn 2%. Ti cc im gn rnh thu nc rc th dc khng nh hn 5%. F. y cc chn lp phi c h thng thu gom nc rc. 1.2. chn lp cht thi dng bn: Yu cu tng t nh i vi chn lp cht thi thng thng, tuy nhin chn lp cht thi dng bn cn btng ho v lng xi mng k hoc cu to cc lp lt y kp, c 2 lp v thm 1 lp mng tng hp chng thm HDPE (hoc cc vt liu c tnh cht v cht lng tng ng) dy t nht 1,5mm hon ton khng thm v thun tin cho vic thi cng c gii. Khong cch cc rnh v cc h thu nc rc phi m bo thu hi ht nc rc trong . Bn trc khi vo cc chn lp cn c phi kh v p nn. 1.3. Khi tn dng moong, m khai thc , khai thc qung ( qua s dng) dng lm chn lp cn phi tun theo nhng iu kin sau y: A. Trng hp moong hoc m c cao trnh y nm v tr cao hn so vi mc nc ngm, nu lu lng nc thm bnh qun trong ngy (tnh trung bnh ca mt nm quan trc lin tc) nh hn 1,5 x 10-3 m3 nc/m2 th khng cn thc hin cc bin php chng thm cho y v thnh chn lp. Nu lu lng nc bnh qun ngy thm vo ln hn 1,5 x 10-3 m3 nc/m2 th phi thc hin cc bin php chng thm nh quy nh ti Ph lc ny. B. Trng hp moong hoc m c cao trnh y nm v tr thp hn so vi mc nc ngm th phi thc hin cc bin php chng thm nh quy nh ti Ph lc ny. 2. H thng thu gom v x l nc rc, nc thi ca BCL: 2.1. Tt c cc BCL u phi thu gom v x l nc rc, nc thi (nc thi sinh hot, nc thi thau ra cc phng tin vn chuyn, th nghim v cc loi nc thi khc). Nc rc v nc thi sau khi x l phi t Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng (TCVN). 2.2. H thng thu gom nc rc, nc thi bao gm: cc rnh, ng dn v h thu nc rc, nc thi c b tr hp l m bo thu gom ton b nc rc, nc thi v trm x l. H thng thu gom ny bao gm: A. Tng thu gom nc rc c t y v thnh chn lp v nm trn tng chng thm ca y chn lp hoc trn mng tng hp chng thm tu theo tng trng hp. Tng thu gom nc rc phi c chiu dy t nht 50 cm vi nhng c tnh nh sau: - C t nht 5% khi lng ht c kch thc 0,075 mm. - C h s thm ti thiu bng 1 x 10-2 cm/s. B. Mng li ng thu gom nc rc c t bn trong tng thu gom nc rc (nh m t trn) ph ln ton b y chn lp. Mng li ng ng thu gom nc rc ny phi p ng cc yu cu sau: - C thnh bn trong nhn v c ng knh ti thiu 150 mm - C dc ti thiu 1%. C. Lp lc bao quanh ng ng thu gom nc rc, nc thi bao gm: mt lp t c ht t nht 5% khi lng l ht c ng knh 0,075 mm hoc mt mng lc tng hp c hiu qu lc tng ng ngn s di chuyn cc ht qu mn xung h thng thu gom sao cho nc rc t chy xung h thng thu gom.

2.3. H thng thu gom nc rc, nc thi phi c thit k v lp t sao cho hn ch ti mc thp nht kh nng tch t nc rc y chn lp. Vt liu c la chn xy dng h thng thu gom nc rc phi m bo bn c v tnh cht ho hc v c hc trong sut thi gian vn hnh v s dng BCL. 2.4. H thng thu gom v x l nc rc v nc thi u phi x l chng thm y v bn thnh m bo khng c nc rc v nc thi thm vo nc ngm v nc mt. 2.5. Phng php v cng ngh x l nc rc v nc thi tu thuc vo iu kin c th ca tng BCL m p dng cho ph hp, yu cu nc rc v nc thi sau khi x l v thi ra mi trng xung quanh phi t tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng (TCVN). 3. Thu gom v x l kh thi. 3.1. m bo an ton v v sinh mi trng, tt c cc BCL phi c h thng thu hi v x l kh gas. Tu theo lng kh sn sinh c th s dng kh gas vo mc ch dn sinh hoc tiu hu bng phng php t, khng c kh thot t nhin ra mi trng xung quanh. 3.2. Thu hi kh gas thng bng h thng thot kh b ng (i vi BCL loi nh) hoc h thng thu kh gas ch ng bng cc ging khoan thng ng (i vi cc loi BCLva v ln). 3.3. V tr cc ging khoan nn t nh cc cht thi. su l khoan ti thiu phi khoan su vo lp cht thi (di lp ph bi) 1m - 1,5m. Khong cch cc l khoan thu kh thng t 50m-70m v b tr theo hnh tam gic u. Xung quanh l khoan thu hi kh gas phi c ln k bng st do v ximng. 3.6. Xung quanh khu vc thu gom v x l kh thi phi c ro chn hoc bin bo "Khng nhim v min vo". 4. H thng thot nc mt v nc ma. Tu theo a hnh BCL m h thng thot nc mt v nc ma c khc nhau. 4.1. i vi cc BCL xy dng min ni v trung du c th phi dng cc knh mng thu nc, ngn nc t cc sn dc vo BCL. Knh ny cng lm nhim v thot nc ma trong BCL. Quy m (kch thc knh mng) c thit k trn c s kh nng nc t cc sn dc xung quanh vo bi v t bi ra. nhng v tr dng l mnh phi tin hnh k trnh nc pha b knh vo BCL. 4.2. NG BNG C TH S DNG H THNG (KHNG THM) BAO QUANH BCL NHM NGN CCH BCL VI XUNG QUANH. phi c cao ln hn mc nc l 2m-3m, mt rng 3m-4m c ro v trng cy. C h thng thu gom nc ma ring v ra cc knh thot nc ma ca khu vc. 5. Hng ro v vnh ai cy xanh: i vi BCL nht thit phi c hng ro quanh bi. 5.1. Hng ro giai on u nn s dng ro km gai c kt hp trng cy xanh loi mc nhanh, r chm (nn s dng loi cy r) hoc xy tng. 5.2. Trng cy xanh xung quanh BCT. A. Nn la chn loi cy c tn rng, khng rng l, xanh quanh nm. Chiu cao ca cy tnh ton ti thiu thng bng chiu cao ca BCL. B. Cy xanh cn c trng cc khong t cha c s dng v t trng khu vc nh kho v cng trnh ph tr. C. Cy xanh cn c trng dc hai bn ng dn t ng giao thng chnh vo BCL. 6. H thng giao thng: H thng giao thng phi p ng yu cu cc loi xe v my mc hot ng thun li trong sut qu trnh vn hnh BCL. 6.1. ng vo BCL: A. Cp ng c thit k xy dng trn c s tnh ton lu lng xe chy, ti trng xe, tc theo quy phm thit k ng b ca B Giao thng vn ti; mt ng phi rng hai ln xe chy vi tc 60-80km/h, o ng phi tt t cng 5-7kg/cm2, thot nc tt. B. C vch phn cch cho xe, ngi i b v xe th s. C. C rnh thot nc (nu min ni v trung du).

D. Khng cho php xy dng nh ca hai bn ng. E. Trng cy hai bn ng. 6.2. ng trong BCL: A. Phi thun tin, rng cc loi xe v my mc hot ng thun li. B. i vi cc BCL ln v rt ln phi c cc ng vnh cu, bn vnh cu, u phi tri nha hoc btng. C. Cc ng bn vnh cu, ng tm b tr ch yu xe chy mt chiu. Xe vo rc xong i ra ng khc, qua bi v sinh (ra) xe v theo ca khc ra ngoi BCL nhm trnh n tc v gim bi. D. ng tm ch lm cho xe vo rc; cc ng tm phi c ch quay xe d dng. 7. H thng cp nc: i vi cc BCL ln v rt ln phi c h thng cp nc phc v sinh hot cho cn b, cng nhn vin v sn xut. 7.1. H thng cp nc c th c lp, hoc u t h thng cp nc chung ca th. 7.2. Trong trng hp cp nc c lp tt nht nn s dng nc ngm t l khoan v phi c h thng x l t tiu chun cp nc cho n ung sinh hot. 7.3. Nc cho sn xut (ra xe, ti ng, ra sn bi) c ly t knh thot nc ma (hoc h sinh hc sau khi x l t tiu chun) khng dng nc cp cho sinh hot lm v sinh xe, bi.
PH L C 7

S L KHOAN QUAN TRC NC NGM

( Np bo v ( B xi mng ( St chn ng ( t thm km ( Tng cha nc ( ng lc ( ng lng ( ng chng ( Lp lc ngc

Tn vn b n : Thng t hng dn cc quy nh v bo v mi trng i vi vic la chn a im, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi Lo i vn b n : Thng t lin tch S hi u : 01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNMT-BXD Ngy ban hnh : 18/01/2001 C quan ban hnh : B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng, B Xy dng, Ng i k : Phm Khi Nguyn, Nguyn Vn Lin, Ngy hi u l c : 02/02/2001 Vn b n lin quan : 0