PROBLEM IN DIGITAL MODULATION

1. Consider a channel with 4 kHz bandwidth and the noise power spectral density of =2x10-12 W/Hz. The signal power required at the receiver is 0.1 mW. Calculate the capacity of this demand. 2. Find the Nyquist Rate for each of the following signals: a. m(t) = 5 cos1000t cos4000 t b. m(t) = sin200 t/ t c. m(t) = (sin200 t/ t)2 d. m(t) = cos200 t + 2cos320 t

2. A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7 bit binary encoder. The bit rate of the system is 50Mbps. What is the maximum message BW for which system operation is satisfactory? 3. The BW of a TV radio plus audio signal is 4.2 MHz. If the signal is converted to PCM with 1024 quantizing levels, determine the bit rate resulting PCM signal (assume that the signal is sampled at a rate 20% above the Nyquist rate. 4. A 850 MB Hard disk is used to store PCM data. Suppose that a voice frequency (VF) signal is sampled at 8k sample/sec and the encoded PCM is to have an average SNR of at least 30 dB. How many minutes does it take to store the data on the hard disk? 5. Give the number of PCM bits needed and uniform quantizing levels of an audio signal with the following parameters: average SQNR= 41.87dB, probability of error = 10-6, sampling rate of 8kHz, and a pass band frequency of 3.4kHz.

6. What proportion of the maximum output voltage is produced if the positive input signal is applied to -law compressor with it voltage three fourth the maximum value?

PULSE MODULATIONS
Pulse-amplitude modulation, acronym PAM, is a form of signal modulation where the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a series of signal pulses. Example: A two-bit modulator (PAM-4) will take two bits at a time and will map the signal amplitude to one of four possible levels, for example 3 volts, 1 volt, 1 volt, and 3 volts. Demodulation is performed by detecting the amplitude level of the carrier at every symbol period.