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weki mePq enr ivRbwZK Qv msMVb evsjv`k QvjxM| evsjv Ges evvjxi Qq `kKi msMvg, ^c Ges mvnmi mvi_x evsjv`k QvjxM| evsjv`ki BwZnvm Avi HwZni MweZ Aswk`vi GB Qv msMVbwU| RvwZi BwZnvmi cwZwU Aavq iqQ QvjxMi cZ fwgKv| evvjx RvwZ wnme Rb Mnbi AvZzi Ni _K i Ki AvR Aewa ^vaxbZv, msMvg Avi wkvi wbqZvi QvmgvRi Z_v `kevmxi Rb AZ` cnix QvjxM| ewUk Dcwbek _K 1947 mvj `k wefvRbi mgq msMVbwUi cwZvZv kL gywReyi ingvb wQjb KjKvZv Bmjvgxqv KjRi Qv| wZwb wQjb KjR Qv msm`i wbevwPZ mvavib mcv`K| ewUk Dcwbek _K wRvwZ Zi wfwZ `k wefvRbi ci evvjxiv bZzb fve kvlbi hvZvKj co| hvK kL gywReyi ingvb ejwQjb GK kKzwbi nvZ _K Ab kKzwbi nvZ e`j gv| ZvB bZzb iv cvwKvbi miKvi c_g AvNvZ nvb Avgv`i gvqi fvlv evsjvi Dci| kL gywRe ZLbB Abyfe Kijb kvlbi Kvjv `vuZ fvvi GKgv nvwZqvi Qv mgvR| ZvB ZrKvwjb cvwKvb miKvi KZK Pvwcq `Iqv D` fvlvi wei BcvZ KwVb cwZiva Zwii Rb 1948 mvji 4 Rvbyqvwi ZrKvwjb cv I `~i`kxZv mcb Qv bZv evvjx RvwZi wcZv eez kL gywReyi ingvb cwZv Kib 'cvwKvb QvjxM'| eeyi nvZ ai IB w`b XvKv wekwe`vjqi dRjyj nK nj AvbyvwbKfve QvjxMi hvv i| c_g Gi bvg wQjv 'cvwKvb QvjxM'| msMVbwUi c_g AvnevqK wQjb bvCgDwb Avng`| QvjxM mvsMVwbK fve Kvhg i Kij Gi mfvcwZ gbvwbZ nb `weij Bmjvg I mvavib mcv`K gbvwbZ nb LvjK bIqvR Lvb| 64 eQi ci AvR GB enr,HwZnevnx Qv msMVbwUi wZb ZviKv LwPZ wkv, kvw I cMwZi Miei cZvKv mfvcwZ GBP Gg ew`Dvgvb mvnvM I mvavib mcv`K wmwKx bvRgyj Avjgi nvZ|

QvjxM cwZvi GK eQi ci 1949 mvj GB Qv msMVbwUi nvZ aiB ZrKvjxb cvwKvbi c_g weivax `j wnme AvZcKvk NU 'AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM'i| hv ci AvIqvgx jxM bvg aviY Ki G `ki ^vwaKvi I ^vaxbZv msMvg bZZ `q| ZrKvwjb cvwKvb miKvii kvmb kvlb Avi ebvi cvcU QvjxM cwZv wQj evOvwj RvwZi BwZnvm wekl Zvrchc~Y| Rbi ci _K BwZnvmi evuK evuK wewfb chvq RvwZK bZZ `Iqv msMVbwUi bZvKgxiv RvZxq ivRbxwZZI bZZ w`qQb| RvwZi wcZv ee kL gywReyi ingvbi bZZ QvjxMi nvRvi nvRvi bZv Kgx hyi gq`vb Rxeb DrmM KiQb| ibvb knx` nqQb QvjxMi 17 nvRvi mvnmx exi mwbK| eZgvb RvZxq ivRbxwZi AbK kxl bZvi ivRbxwZZ nvZLwoI QvjxM _KB| 1948 mvjB gvZfvlvi c QvjxM Avcvlnxb Aevb Zwi Ki| 11 gvP QvjxM D`zi wec Aevb wbq agNU cvjb Ki| IB agNUi wcKwUs _KB MdZvi nb ivRbxwZi gvVi jj Ki _vKv ZviKv XvKv wekwe`vjqi AvBb wefvMi gavex Qv, evvjxi ivRbxwZi ivLvj ivRv, QvbZv kL gywRe I Zvi mnhvMxiv| QvjxMB c_g evsjvfvlvi Rb 10 `dv `vwebvgv ck Ki| 1952 mvji fvlv Av`vjb 144 aviv f I Av`vjb Rvivjv Kivi QvjxMi fwgKv wQj Aweibxq| 1954 mvji wbevPb hydUi weRq wbkvb Dovbvi bc_i KvwiMiI wQjv QvjxM bZvKgxiv| 1956 mvji evsjv ivfvlv wnme ^xKwZ Av`vq, 57'i wkK agNU Ges 62'i wkv Av`vjbi cvj mwgib cevn Ki QvjxM| 1966 mvj 14 deqvix _K 20 deqvix QvjxMi bZZ cPjb nq evsjv mvni| evvjxi gywi Qq `dv wnme cwiwPZ HwZnvwmK 'Qq `dv' Av`vjb ivRc_i c_g mvwiZ Aevb wQj QvjxMi| Gmgq wbR`i 11 `dvi gvag QvmgvRi i cevn mvi Ki QvjxM| QvjxMi bZZB AvMiZjv loh gvgjv QvMY Av`vjb _K MYAfzvb ic bq| MYRvMibi 70'i wbevPb gywi mb` Qq `dvK QvjxMi bZvKgxiv

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1972 mvj _K 1975 Kvjc~e hywea `k MVbi msMvg QvjxMi fwgKv wQjv AMMb| 1975 mvi RvwZi wcZv I Zvi cwievi m`m`i wbgg fve nZvi ci evvjxi RvwZi fvMKvj Avevi Kvjv Mvm Ki bq| ^ikvmK gRi wRqv I ZrcieZx ivRbxwZi gvV mvgwiK Pvlevmi wZ dmj evvjx`i AwZ Ki Zvj| hv _K RvwZK gy KiZ ivRc_ i w`Z nq evsjv`k QvjxMi bZvKgx`i| mvgwiK kvmbi gaI 1983 mvj wkv Av`vjb I me`jxq Qv HKi `k `dv ZwiZ bZZ `q evsjv`k QvjxM| wkvi AwaKvi cmvi kvgmyj nK I AavcK Kexi Paywii Kwgkb wicvU ZwiZ QvmgvRi c Rvovjv Aevb bq QvjxM| Gici GKwU mdj MYAfvb cieZx wbevPb `xN GKzk eQi ci miKvi MVb cieZx Pvj gvKvejvq QvjxM gwnqmx bx, `kiZ kL nvwmbvi ewMZ I mvsMVwbK wb`k cwZcvjb KiQ| 1998 mvji ebv gvKvejvq wKQz A`~i`kx ewi `ywfi AvksKvK fzj cgvb KiQ QvjxM bZvKgxiv| wkv cwZvbjvZ wZb wkdU iwU Zwi KiQ QvjxM Kgxiv| Zix KiQ `yhvMcyb GjvKvi gvbyli Rb Lvevi mvjvBb| `ymgq `yMZ GjvKvq iwU I mvjvBb weZib Ki gvbyli Rxeb iv KiQ QvjxM Kgxiv| hvi gvag nZvkv I cvnxb ew`i AvksKvi Reve w`qQ QvjxM| 1998 mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq Qv eZb ewi cwZev`x Av`vjb QvjxM wQj Avcvmnxb| wbiiZv gy, cvwjI gy evsjv`k wewbgvb I eivcbi gag weki Dvqb KgvZ cwZwU Rjvq Rjvq KvR KiQ QvjxM| 2001 mvji wbevPb cieZx weGbwc RvgvqZ RvUi mwnsmZv Ges `kevcx mvsMVwbK wbhvZbi wei QvjxM cwZiva iPbv KiQ| cvK AvZvwbfi weGbwc RvgvqZ RvUi nvZ G`ki cKZ BwZnvm weKwZi weiI Rvovjv cwZev` KiQ QvjxM| 2001 mvji ci weGbwc RvgvqvZ RvUi cZ g`` kvwi GB fL Rxev`i Dvb nj QvjxM Zvi wei ivRc_ KVvi cwZev` iPbv Ki| XvKv wekwe`vjqi Rbwcq AavcK W.gvqyb AvRv`i Dci gjevw` nvgjvi cwZev`I ivRc_ wQjv evsjv`k QvjxM| Gici 2004 mvji 21 AvM ivxq g`` ib Kvji mePq cPvwkK MbW nvgjvi gvag evsjvi gvbyli wPi Avvi wVKvbv Avgv`i cvYwcq bx `kiZ kL nvwmbvi Rxeb bvki nvgvjv Rvovjv cwZev` Rvbvq QvjxM| 2007 mvji 16 RyjvB Avgv`i wcq bx evsjvi `y:wL gvbyli GKgv Avvi wVKvbv `kiZ kL nvwmbvK Z_vKw_Z ZveavqK miKvii bvg mvgwiK Kvq`vq AvUKi ci mvgwiK evwnbxi iPzK Dcv Ki ivRc_ c_g cwZev` iPbv Ki evsjv`k QvjxM| weZKxZ mB ZveavqK miKvii nvZ MdZvi nq Dwbk gvm Kviveib Kib QvjxMi ZrKvwjb mvavib mcv`K mn AbK R bZv | ZeyI cvYvwaK wcq bxi gywi Av`vjb _K QvjxMK cvZ nVvZ cviwb kvmK kbx| mviv`ki wkv cwZvb QvagNU cvjb Ki QvjxM wcq bxi gywi A`g Av`vjb iPbv Ki| Gici 2008 mvji 28 wWm^ii wbevPb AvIqvgxjxMi bZZvaxb gnvRvUi weRq wbZ KiZ wbijm fve KvR KiQ evsjv`k QvjxMi cwZwU gywRe mwbK| Gici ci evsjv`ki miKvi MVb Ki AvIqvgxjxMi bZZvaxb gnvRvU| `k Rbbx kL nvwmbvi bZZ i nq w`b e`ji miKvii c_ Pjv| evsjv`ki ivRbwZK `jjvi wbevPb Kwgkbi wbebi kZ Abyhvqx mvsMVwbK mfvbxi c` _K nvivZ nq Avgv`i wcq bxK| Gici 2011 mvji 11 RyjvB MYZi gvbmKbv MbZwcq bx kL nvwmbvi wb`k wWwRUvj evsjv`k wewbgvbi Rb gavex I cv I `~i`kxZv mb QvbZv`i nvZ QvivRbxwZ Zzj w`Z QvjxMi bZv wbevPb Kiv nq cZ fvUi gvag| mviv `ki 87wU mvsMVwbK Rjvi KvDwjiiv

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