Fiber Optics

Group C
Ahmed sameer 20073435

Fiber Optics
Background
Fiber optics is the field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fiber Optical Fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of a pure glass (silica)

Fiber Optics
Optical fiber is a light pipe or wave guide which have the ability to transmit light between the two ends of the Fiber

Optical fiber consist of: 1- transparent core 2- transparent cladding material 3- buffer coating

Fiber Optics
Basic definitions: 1- Index of refraction: the ratio between the velocity of light in vacuum and the velocity light in some other medium 2- Total internal reflection: When light travelling and hits a boundary at an angle larger than the "critical angle" the light will be completely reflected

Fiber Optics
Snell's law:

Light will completely Refracted only when the n1 > n2 and sin2 greater than 1. otherwise the light will partially refracted

Fiber Optics
the light travel in the core by total internal reflection refractive index for the core is grater than that for the cladding Two types of optical fibers: 1- single-mode fibers (SMF): small core diameter, single path, used for long distance 2- Multi-mode fibers (MMF): big diameter, multiple path, used for short distance

Fiber Optics

Fiber Optics
Optical fiber almost always made from silica and doped with various materials to control the refractive index Buffer coating protects the cladding from moisture and physical damage and its made from plastic optical fibers are made by constructing a large-diameter "preform", and then "pulling" the preform to form the long, thin optical fiber