ALTERNATOR APRIL 23, 2012

- is an electrical machine used for converting mechanical energy to AC electrical energy.

ALTERNATING GENERATOR = ALTERNA TORS

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SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS - driven with constant (synchronous) speed, used in almost all types of application.

2. INDUCTION GENERATORS - driven with a speed above synchronous speed, connected in parallel with a synchronous generator to supply lighting loads.

3. INDUCTION ALTERNATORS - it generates voltage at higher frequency, used in induction furnace to heat metals

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Revolving Armature Types Revolving Field Types a. STATOR stationary armature b. ROTOR rotating field poles

SALIENT-POLE - used for low speed alternator, large diameter than axial length, has more poles (6 40) 2. NON-SALIENT-POLE (SMOOTH CYLINDRICAL CONSTRUCTION) - used for high speed alternator, diameter is less than axial length, has less number of poles (2 4).
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f = PNs / 120;

Ns = synchronous speed

EMF EQUATION PER PHASE Where: E = generated voltage per phase = flux per pole (weber) N = number of turns per phase f = frequency (Hz) kp = pitch factor ( coil span factor) kd = distribution factor or breadth factor

- reduces 5th and 7th harmonics = Reduction of parasitic losses in the windings and core -better output voltage waveform
- ratio of fractional pitch over full pitch

- Vcoil is not equal to Vseries - voltages are not in phase

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A 6-pole 3 phase alternator has 72 slots having a coil span of 12. What is the pitch factor> A 4P, 3 phase, 36 slots alternator has its armature coil short-pitch by 1. What is the pitch factor? A 12 pole, single phase alternator has 144 slots, 2/3 of which are wound with 8 conductors/slot. The flux per pole is 42mWb. The distribution factor is 0.829 and the coil span factor is unity. If the speed is 500 rpm, find the generated emf.

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The number of cycles generated in an 8pole alternator in one revolution is What is the speed of 100 kw, 230V, 3phase, 4 pole, 60 Hz alternator? A 6-pole 3 phase alternator has 72 slots having a coil span of 12. What is the pitch factor? A 3 phase, 4 pole, 36 slots alternator has its armature coil short pitched by 1. What is the pitch factor kp?