1/27/2012

Ni dung

Ngn ng m hnh ha UML

Nguyn Hng Phng, MSc B mn H thng thng tin Vin CNTT&TT HBK H Ni Email: phuongnh@soict.hut.edu.vn Site: http://is.hut.edu.vn/~phuongnh

1. Lch s pht trin 2. Gii thiu cc gc nhn ca UML 3. Gii thiu cc biu ca UML

1. Lch s pht trin

Ngn ng UML (Unified Modeling Language) l mt h thng k php m hnh ha hng i tng 1975-1990:
nhiu ngn ng MHH HT c pht trin

1. Lch s pht trin

10/1994: Rumbaugh v Booch tin hnh d n UML Rational, xy dng mt phng php hp nht trn c s hai phng php Booch 93 v OMT-2 1995: Jacobson gia nhp s hp tc => "ba ngi bn" bn 10/1995: phc tho UML, phin bn 0 6/1996: phin bn UML 0.9 1/1997: IBM v SoftTeam kt hp vi cc thnh vin => phin bn 1.1 14/11/1997: UML 1.1 c OMG (Object Management Group) cng nhn l chun
4

1990-1994:
Hn 50 phng php pht trin HT, trong c 3 phng php: OOD - Object Oriented Design (Grady Booch) OOSE - Object Oriented Software Engineering (Ivar Jacobson) OMT - Object Modeling Technique (Jim Rumbaugh)
3

1. Lch s pht trin

6/1998: UML 1.2 10/1998: UML 1.3 5/2001: UML 1.4 6/2003: UML 2.0

UML - mt ngn ng
UML l ngn ng dng
MHH trc quan - Visualizing c t - Specifying xy dng - Constructing lm ti liu - Documenting

C th s dng trong mi tin trnh, xuyn sut vng i pht trin v tri qua cc cng ngh ci t khc nhau.

1/27/2012

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
UML cung cp cc m hnh din t HT Mi m hnh ch c th din t HT theo mt gc nhn (view) nht nh. UML cung cp 5 gc nhn /v HT h / Mi gc nhn thc hin bi mt s biu (m hnh) C th c biu thuc vo cc gc nhn khc nhau
7

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML

Gc nhn thit k (lp, gi, i tng)

Gc nhn thc thi (thnh phn)

Gc nhn ca s dng (ca s dng) Gc nhn qu trnh (trnh t, giao tip, my trng thi, hot ng) Gc nhn b tr (thnh phn, b tr)

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
Gc nhn ca s dng
l gc nhn t ngoi vo HT l cch nhn ca ngi dng cui, ngi phn tch, ngi kim nh khng phn nh t chc bn trong m ch lm r cc chc nng ln m HT phi p ng cho ngi dng Sc thi tnh: biu ca s dng Sc thi ng: biu tng tc, my trng thi, biu hot ng
9

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
Gc nhn thit k
cn gi l gc nhn logic l gc nhn vo bn trong HT, cho thy cc nhim v ca HT l cch nhn ca ngi thit k HT Sc thi tnh: biu lp, biu i tng Sc thi ng: biu tng tc, my trng thi, hot ng

10

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
Gc nhn qu trnh
cn gi l gc nhn song hnh phn nh cc l trnh iu khin, cc qu trnh thc hin, cho thy s hot ng ng b ca HT c th hin cng vi cc biu nh gc nhn thit k, tp trung vo cc lp ch ng lp ch ng: lp biu din cho cc l trnh iu khin v qu trnh thc hin
11

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
Gc nhn thc thi
cn gi l gc nhn thnh phn l gc nhn /v dng pht hnh ca phn mm cho thy cc thnh phn v tp tng i c lp, c th lp rp HT chy c Sc thi tnh: biu thnh phn Sc thi ng: biu tng tc, my trng thi, hot ng

12

1/27/2012

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
Gc nhn b tr
l gc nhn v hnh trng ca phn cng m trn HT c trin khai n ch r s phn b, sp t cc phn ca HT vt l trn cc n v phn cng Sc thi tnh: biu b tr Sc thi ng: biu tng tc, my trng thi, hot ng

2. Cc gc nhn ca UML
Mi loi ngi (ngi phn tch, ngi thit k, ngi tch hp, ngi kim nh, ngi dng cui,) thng ch quan tm ti mt phng din no ca HT Nm gc nhn phi c s tng hp ln nhau. Gc nhn ca s dng c nh hng xuyn sut /v 4 gc nhn cn li.
14

13

3. Cc biu ca UML
Cc biu ca UML 2.0: Cc biu v cu trc: Biu lp, Biu i tng, Biu b tr, Biu gi, Biu thnh phn, Biu cu trc a hp, Cc biu v hnh vi: Biu ca s dng, Biu hot ng, Biu my trng thi, Biu trnh t Biu giao tip, Biu thi khc, Biu bao qut tng tc.

Cc phn t ca biu
Cc nt (node): cc yu t ca m hnh c dng ha 2 chiu nh lp, gi,
NewClass Attribute opname()

java

Cc ng (path): cc yu t ca m hnh c dng ha tuyn tnh nh lin kt, khi qut, ph thuc

15

16

B sung ngha cho cc biu

c t (specification): mt pht biu vn t v c php v ng ngha. T im (adornment): cc vai tr, cc c s, hn nh, ng vin m nt, Khun dp (stereotype): xu t trong ngoc kp, kp biu tng gn thm vo to phn t mi. Tnh cht (property) v gi tr gn nhn (tagged value): a thm thng tin cho cc phn t m hnh. V d: {nhn = gi tr}, {nhn_boolean} Rng buc (constraint): thm cc iu kin/hn ch /v mt yu t ca m hnh.
17

MHH vi UML
MHH HT theo nhiu gc nhn
C 5 gc nhn /v HT HT nh gn hay phc tp? Quyt nh m t HT trn nhng gc nhn no?

MHH HT theo nhiu mc tru tng ha khc nhau

Ty thuc vo giai on v nhu cu s dng C th khi lc hoc chi tit.
18

1/27/2012

Hi - p

Li hay p

"Gin d l mt ln gi to lm tt tia la ca thng minh"

R.J.

19

20