2/24/2010

BM VIEN THONG -T

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TRUYEN SONG VA ANTEN

PHAN 1

ANTENNAS
CHNG 1
CAC AC TNH

CUA ANTEN
TS. PHAN HONG PHNG
1

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NOI DUNG

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1. TRNG BC XA VUNG XA
2. O TH NH HNG
3. HE SO NH HNG
4. TR KHANG VAO CUA ANTEN
5. HIEU SUAT ANTEN
6. O LI CUA ANTEN
7. MC BC XA PHU
8. PHAN CC ANTEN
3

1. TRNG IEN T BC XA VUNG XA

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Xet trng bc xa trong he toa o cau

Tr ve

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1. TRNG IEN T BC XA VUNG XA

(tiep theo)
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G
G
G G e jkr
E( r ) =
F (, ) i + F (, ) i
r
Trong o k = 0 0 = 2 / la so song.

Cong thc nay ch ung cho vung xa, tc:

2

D
r >> D; r >> ; r >>

r la khoang cach t anten en iem khao sat, D la

ng knh hnh cau ngoai tiep anten.
Tr ve

1. TRNG IEN T BC XA VUNG XA

(tiep theo)
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Nhan xet:
Trng ien lan truyen xa dan anten theo hng r;
Trng ien suy hao theo 1/ r v s m rong hnh
cau cua song;
Trng ien ch coG cac thaGnh phan vuong goc vi
chieu truyen
chieu
truyen song
song ( i va
va i );
G
G
Cng o cua trng theo i va i phu thuoc
vao hng bc xa va c xac nh bi cac ham

F (, ) va F (, ) .

Tr 6ve

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1. TRNG IEN T BC XA VUNG XA

(tiep theo)
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Trng t
Trng
t
cc bc
bc xa
xa
xa bi
bi anten:
G
G
G G
1 e jkr
H( r ) =
F (, ) i F (, ) i
r

Trng t cua anten khong co thanh phan doc theo ,

ch giong
giong nh song
song phang,
phang ca
ca trng
trng ien & t
t

vung xa eu vuong goc vi phng truyen & vuong

goc vi nhau.
Tr ve

CNG O BC XA. CONG SUAT BC XA.

Vector Poynting trung bnh, tc mat o dong cong
suat cua trng bc xa la:
G G 1
G G *
W( r ) = Re E H
2
2 G
1
2
=

i
F
(
,
)
F
(
,
)

r
2r 2

Cng o bc xa:
2
G
1
2
U(, ) = r 2 W( r ) =
F (, ) + F (, )

2
Cong suat bc xa:
G JJG

G
Prad = w
W (r )dS
S

Tr ve

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2. O TH NH HNG

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o th nh
hng the
hng
the hien
s phan bo
trng bc xa
cua anten trong
khong gian.

Tr ve

2. O TH NH HNG (tiep theo)

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oi vi anten phan
cc thang, ngi ta
th
h ng bie
bi u die
di n o

th nh hng tren
mat phang E va H.
Mat phang E co cha
vector ien trng E
(v du
du tren
tren hnh ve:
ve: mp
Oxz, = 0), mat
phang H co cha
vector t trng H (mp
Oxy, = 0).

10Tr

ve

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V DU

Tr ve

11

CAC BUP SONG

Bup song chnh: xac
nh
hng bc xa cc
ai cua anten;
Cac bup con lai la
cac bup song phu.
Thong thng ngi
ta ve o th nh hng
chuan hoa (mc bc xa
toi a bang 1).
12 ve
Tr

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GOC KHOI. RADIAN va STERADIAN.

V dien tch mat cau la 4r2 nen ta co goc khoi 4

tren toan mat cau kn.
Dien tch vi phan tren mat cau la: dA = r 2 sin dd
Vay goc khoi vi phan la:
Tr ve

d = dA / r 2 = sin dd

[sr]

13

GOC KHOI

A = F(, )d =
4

Tr ve

U(, )sin dd

0 0

U(, )max
14

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O RONG CUA O TH NH HNG

o rong g
gia cac
gia tr 0 au tien la
goc gia hai hng
ma tai o cng o
bc xa giam en 0;
o rong theo mc 3 dB (na cong suat) la goc
gia hai hng ma tai o cng o bc xa giam mot
na so vi hng cc ai.
Tr ve

15

V DU

Tr ve

16

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3. HE SO NH HNG

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Cng o bc xa trung bnh:

1
U (, )d
4 4

Ua =
He so nh hng:

D(, ) =

U(, )
=
Ua

4U(, )
2

i dd
U(, ) sin
0 0

o li hng tnh:

D = D(, )max =

Tr ve

4
A

17

4. TR KHANG VAO CUA ANTEN

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Coi anten nh mang mot ca

Tr khang
Tr
khang vao:
vao:

ZA = RA + jXA

Thong thng RA gom 2 thanh phan:

Tr ve

Rr la ien tr bc xa cua anten;

RL la ien tr tieu hao cua anten.

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4. TR KHANG VAO CUA ANTEN

(tiep theo)

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Neu ieu kien phoi hp tr khang ZA* = Zg

khong thoa man th ch co mot phan cong suat
cua nguon en c anten:
PA = qPg,
trong o
q=

4R A R g
| Zg + Z A |

= 1 | |2

Tr ve

19

5. HIEU SUAT ANTEN

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Goi PA la cong suat tong do nguon cung cap cho

anten, Pr la cong suat bc xa, PL la cong suat tieu
hao do toa nhiet ( PA = Pr + PL). Ta nh ngha hieu
suat bc xa cua anten la t so gia cong suat bc xa
va cong suat tong:
Pr

e=

PA

Ta co
co e = e r e ced
, trong o
o er = 1 - ||2 la
la hieu
suat phan xa (do mat phoi hp tr khang), ec va ed la
hieu suat do tieu hao trong cac vat lieu lam anten.
Tr ve

20

10

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5. HIEU SUAT ANTEN (tiep theo)

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ien tr bc xa Rr the hien phan cong suat co ch c

bc xa bi anten. ay la ien tr tng ng tieu thu
l ng cong suat ba
l
b ng cong suat b
b c xa Pr.
ien tr tieu hao RL the hien phan cong suat tieu tan
bi anten di dang nhiet do vat lieu lam nen anten.
Neu anten khong tieu tan th RL = 0. Hieu suat anten
the
h hie
hi n pha
h n cong suat b
b c xa tren Rr so vi cong suat
tren toan RA.
P
Rr
e= r =
PA R r + R L

Tr ve

21

6. O LI CUA ANTEN

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o li hng tnh:
4 4 U ( , )
D = D( , ) max =
=
A
Prad
o li cua anten:

4U(, )
= eD(, )
PA
4U (, ) max
o li cong suat:
G = G (, ) max =
PA
G (, ) =

Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power - EIRP

Tr ve

EIRP = 4 U ( , ) max = GPA = eDPA = DPrad [W ]

22

11

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N V O LI CUA ANTEN

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- Expressed in power multiplier or in dB

-dB is referenced to either isotropic or a half-wave
dipole
- Microwave industry: dBi
- Land mobile industry: dBd
A half-wavelength dipole antenna has a
gain of 2.15 dB greater than an isotropic
antenna

G[dBi] = G[dBd] + 2.15

Tr ve

Ref.: http://www.softwright.com/faq/engineering/FIELD%20INTENSITY%20UNITS.html
23

N V O LI CUA ANTEN (cont.)

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Tr ve

Ref.: http://www.softwright.com/faq/engineering/FIELD%20INTENSITY%20UNITS.html
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12

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7. MC BC XA PHU

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Mc bc xa phu:

SLL =

U(, )SLL
U(, )max

DdB = 10 log D(, ) ; G dB = 10 log G (, )

SLL dB = 10 log SLL
F t tto B
Front
Back
kR
Ratio
ti - FBR

FBR =

U(, )max
U(, )chieu ngc lai

Tr ve

25

8. PHAN CC ANTEN

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Hnh anh e lai bi au mut cua vector E khi quan sat

docc theo chieu
do
chieu truyen
truyen song.
song.
V du: theo hng ang quan
sat tren hnh ve la phan cc
tuyen tnh

Tr ve

26

13

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9. CAC V DU (1)

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1.Mot anten co mat o cong suat bc xa cc ai

cho bi cong thc
. Tm
cong suat
cong
suat bc
bc xa
xa cua
cua anten.
anten

Tr ve

27

9. CAC V DU (1)

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1.Mot anten co mat o cong suat bc xa cc ai

cho bi cong thc
. Tm
cong suat
cong
suat bc
bc xa
xa cua
cua anten.
anten
Giai
Cng o bc xa cua anten:
Cong suat bc xa:

Tr ve

28

14

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9. CAC V DU (2)

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2. Mot anten dipole

co mat o cong suat bc
xa cc ai la
. Tm o li
hng tnh cua anten va so sanh vi v du trc.

29

9. CAC V DU (2)

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2. Mot anten dipole

co mat o cong suat bc
xa cc ai la
. Tm o li
hng tnh cua anten va so sanh vi v du trc.
Giai
Ta co
. Hng bc xa cc ai la
, = / 2 .

Tr ve

30

15

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9. CAC V DU (3)

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o li hng tnh:

Vi anten trong v du
Vi
du 1:

, do o:
o:

o li hng tnh:
Tr ve

31

10. TUYEN ANTEN. CONG THC FRIIS (1)

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Thng c s dung khi can thiet ke mot tuyen

thong tin;
The
Th hie
hi n moii lien
li quan gia
i cong
suatt anten
t phat
h t
va anten thu at cach nhau mot khoang trong khong
gian.

Tr ve

32

16

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10. TUYEN ANTEN. CONG THC FRIIS (2)

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Gia s anten phat ang hng. Mat o dong cong

suat tai iem cach anten phat mot khoang R la:

W0 = e t

Pt

4R 2

Trong trng hp anten phat khong ang hng:

P G ( , )
P D ( , )
Wt = t t t2 t = e t t t t 2 t
4R
4R
t la hieu suat anten phat. Goi Ar la dien tch hieu
dung cua anten thu, ta co:
2
A r = e r D r ( r , r )
4
33
Tr ve

10. TUYEN ANTEN. CONG THC FRIIS (3)

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Cong suat anten thu thu c la:

Pr = e t e r

2 D t (t , t )D r ( r , r )Pt

(4R )2

Vay t le cong suat thu va cong suat phat la:

Pr
2 D t (t , t )D r ( r , r )
= et e r
Pt
(4R )2

Neu cac anten c phoi hp tr khang va phan cc

tng ng th:
2
Pr

= et e r
G ot G or
Pt
4R

Tr ve

34

17

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10. TUYEN ANTEN. CONG THC FRIIS (4)

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V du:
Mot tram mat at co cong suat phat la 120W, tan so
6GHz, o li anten la 42dB phat tn hieu len ve tinh.
Anten thu tren ve tinh co o li la 31dB va ve tinh
a tnh cach mat at 39500 km. Tnh cong suat thu
bang dBm.

Tr ve

35

10. TUYEN ANTEN. CONG THC FRIIS (5)

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Giai
G 0t = 42dB = 15.849

= c / f = 0.05 m

G 0 r = 31dB = 1.259

R = 35.9 106 m

Cong suat anten thu nhan c la:

2

120 0.052 15.849 1.259

Pr = Pt
G0t G0r =
2
4R
(4)2 35.9 106

Tr ve

= 2.94 1011 W
= 75.3 dBm
36

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