H thp chiu to ra 1 cuc cch mng cho vt l bn dn.

. chng da vo cng ngh ca cu trc d th, ni m thnh phn ca 1 cht bn dn c th c thay i thang nanomet. Vd nh mt lp GaAs c cy gia hai lp AlGaAs hnh x ging nh 1 ging lng t. mc nng lng b gin cch rng khi ging hp, v tt c electron c th b giam mc thp nht. tuy nhin chuyn ng // vi cc lp th ko b cn tr nn electron vn t do trong nhng chiu ny. Kt qu l kh electron v hole b giam vi cng 1 cch. Cc php o quang hc cung cp bng chng trc tip nhng hnh vi ca electron v hole h thp chiu trong ging lng t.