E M

:
,

: 2008-2009
4




.
, . ,
...

.


.
,

.. .


.



. ,
,
.

.
,
,

.

.

.
, 2009

1.
1
2.
4
2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

3.
.23
3.1

3.2

4. ,
.28

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

5.
70

6.

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

.

.

10

1.

.



.

, ,
.

,
,



.


.

, .
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
:

, ,
..., 1997. ,


.

,
, ,
.

11

.
(Best Available Techniques, BAT)
96/61/
(IPPC).
,
:
1

.
2
. ,
, , ,
.
3

...
.
4
--.

.

.


.
5
4, .

12

,
.
6
,
IPPC,
.
,
.
, 7,
.

13

2.

,

.
,
.

. , , , ,

. ,
. ,

,
, .
7 .. .
,
. , ,
, . ,
.

, .
146 .. 330 .., ,
, .
, , ,
, .
,
107 1204-1311 ..,

.
,
.
.
,
1/5 .
""
8
1835.
: , , , , (),
. ,
(), , , , , , ,

14

, , . [: .
, ]

2.1 , 1955-1960 [:
.]
2.1

, , . ,
.

1997
, , ,
,
.

.

.
.
.
.

. .

15

.
.
.
.

2.2 [:
., , 2009]
,
.


.

. .

,
.
010%. - -
.

,

.

16

 2.3

2.3

, , 2007

( ).

( ),
,
. , ,
.

.

.
, ,

, , .
. ,
. ,
,

.
2.3

.
() 3C 7C

17

 () 28C
32C.
(74.9 mm),
( 12.8
mm, 6.9 mm, 10.3 mm).
48.3% () 77.8% ().
0 4B
36%.
5-7 4.9%
7 .
,
43% 26% [: ,
, 1998 - 2009].
2.1

().

18

 2.1 [: , 2009]

0C

oC

oC

7,4

22,6

-10,4

8,4

26

10,4

77,4

15,08

2,54

0,77

0,69

5,78

-16,6

74,8

12,85

2,04

0,41

1,19

4,15

26,6

-5

72,5

11,7

0,78

0,89

1,3

2,33

14,5

31,8

-0,6

66,8

9,59

0,15

1,15

0,11

20,1

38,2

1,1

58,9

7,19

0,07

2,26

25,1

42,4

50

4,56

2,37

27,3

46

11

48,3

2,59

1,33

26,6

48,7

10,5

50,2

2,04

22,2

39

5,8

59,5

4,78

2,04

10

17,2

34,2

69,4

9,26

11

13,1

29

-3

75,7

10,33

12

9,9

23,8

-6

77,8

13,56

19

0,15

2,15

0,04

0,85

1,7

0,41

0,59

0,56

1,81

1,85

2.4

(2) ,
.

.
' , , .

'
, ,
. ' 70 .
. 1.476 .

,
.
. 50 . .
2001 3.126 .

' . ' 500
.

3.500
[: , 2009].

2.2 ( 2001)
2001

1476

3126

500

3500

8602

20



, 150, 38.000
, .

4.726
2001. 5
,
(),
- - , 62
,

396
2001.
, . 140
.
.
.

.
, 1912. ,
"", ,
. 2001,
3.126 . 2.973 .
[: , 2009]
2.3 ( 2001)
2001

4726

396

2973

8095

21

 ,
17.186 .


13.223.
2.5

, .


, .
.
, .
. ,

.

.
2.4 1997 (m3) [:
, 1997]

3710
11815
5487
946
1439

1661
4742
1601
2155
1281

17
600
211
50
130

29
207
12
13
4

5417
17367
7310
3164
2853

.
741
1759
436
441
497

22


24%

1%

75%

2.1
, 2001

, .

.
.
2.5 [:
, 1997]

257
530
33

1285
2681
1327
345
340

128
2323
328

1979
7410
20

3
4

6
45
6

50267

70

.
.
118

40479
520
34050

, ,
.
.

23

20

 ,
.

.
2.6

(75).

.


. ,

.
,
-
-
.
.

24

 2.4

25

.

.....

.

2.5 . , 2009

..... ,
,

,
.


.

,
.

28

 2.6 , ,
, 2009

2.7
, , 2009

ph (25C)
(25C)

(NH4)
(NO2)
(NO3)
(Al)
(As)
(B)
(Cd)
(Mn)
(Pb)
(Ni)
(Se)
(Fe)
Y (g)
(Cu)
(Cr)

S/cm
FNU
Mg/lPt
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
g/l
g/l
mg/l
g/l
g/l
g/l
g/l
g/l
g/l
g/l
Mg/l
g/l

(
2600/01)
6,5-9,5
2500

0,50
0,50
50
200
10
1
5
50
25
20
10
200
1
2
50

29

7,67
348
0,21

<5
<0,01
<0,01
<2
132
<1

8,06
980
0,63

<5
0,9
<0,14
<2

<0,015
5,54
<1
2,6
<5
0,0024
0,37

1,6
0,21
<1
25,6
<1
<1
<1
190
<0,2
0,48


(),
(), ().

2.8 [: .. ,
, 2003]

pH

(oC)

, mg/l
, mg/l
, mg/l
6-, mg/l
3-, mg/l
, mg/l
, mg/l
, mg/l
, mg/l
,
mg/l
,
mg/l

, mg/l

6,0-9,0
6,0-9,0
6,0-9,0
35
28
35

6,5-8,5
7-11

500

50

40

0,5
0,5
0,5
2
15
5
10
5
0,01

0,1
0,05
1,0
1
2
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,01

0,5
0,1
0,2
2
2
0,1
2
0,5
0,005

0,05
0,01
0,05

20

0,5

1-7

0,1
0,1
0,1
0,001

,
.
.
Fe 190g/l < 200 g/l ( )
.

.

30

2.7

. ,
,

, 65-70
km. ,

.

2.6 [:
., 1978]
690km2 170km
( . 1999).
26.156m3/year. ,
60%
.
(1997) ,

7800m3/day.
.
,
, .

.

.

31


.
.

. 5m
.

2.7 [:
., , 2009]


,
2009.

.


(... 582/2.07.79 ... 1132/21.12.79 ).

32

 2.9 , , (,
2009)

pH

7,82

6,0-9,0

[mS]

1,10

COD (mg/l)

351,00

150,00

TDS[mg/l]

555,00

1500,00

TSS[mg/l]

523,00

40,00

TVS[mg/l]

111,00

TFS[mg/l]

412,00

PO4 -P[mg/l]

1,24

10,00

Ptotal [mg/l]

3,59

CN-[mg/l]

0,015

K (mg/l)

80,50

Na (mg/l)

162,00

Ca (mg/l)

118,00

Mg (mg/l)

35,00

Cr (mg/l)

1,49

Cu (mg/l)

0,73

1,50

Mn (mg/l)

0,47

2,00

Fe (mg/l)

1,20

2,00

Ni (mg/l)

0,79

2,00

Cd (mg/l)

0,15

Pb (mg/l)

0,00

0,10

Zn (mg/l)

0,071

7,00

F- [mg/l]

BDL

Cl-[mg/l]

90,00

Cl2-free [mg/l]

0,06

Cl2-total [mg/l]

0,07

Cl2[mg/l]

0,01

Cr [mg/l]

BDL

Color (HZ)

27

0,50

0,70

[mg/l]

0,12

0,50

2- -N (mg/l)

0,60

0,60

3- -N (mg/l)

1,90

20,00

NH4+ -N(mg/l)

14,80

15,00

tot N (mg/l)

0,60

33


,

19629/79. COD TSS

.

34

3.

3.1

.

, ,
.
,
,

.

, , .

:

.
.

, ,
.

35

 1997
281.

,
.
1997,
:

- -

36

3.2
1997

:
-








.

3.1.
3.1 3.2

, 1997.
3.1

[: , 1997]

37

, Q (m3/)

6.386,00

712,00

301,74

188,50

40,00

11,75

4,00

2,00

0,79

5,87

7652,65

3.1
100 m3/day
7.000
6.386,0

(m3/d)

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

712,0
301,7

188,5

3.2
100 m3/day
38

45
40,0

(m3/d)

40
35
30
25
20
15

11,8

10
4,0

2,0

0,8

281, 91
1997.
.

20 .

:
1.

2.

3.

4.

( .)

,
,

.

.
39



.


,
.

40

4. , ,
4.1

,
28% , 16% 25%
.

,
,

, , ,
, ..
. O


, , , .. ,

.
, -,
, , /
,

,

. ,

,

.

1963 1978, 356 395
1978-84 318 ,
1984-94 310 .
T 75%
10
. ,

. ,

41


335 1970, 330 1980 240 1992. ,
49 1965, 60
1980 80 1992.
107 ,
, 75%
, ,
, .
,
-
(),
, ,
.

,
,
.


.



.


.
,
,


. [: ,
IPPC]

42

4.2
,
-,
.
: ,
. ,
, , , ,
.
(rayon), rayon
(acetate, triacetate),
(nylon 6,6, nylon 6),
. ,
.

.
, ,
.

(-, -, -,
-), -, -, , , , ,

(direct), (reactive),
(VAT), (disperse), , ..
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
, , ,
/


. ,
, ,
, ,
, , ..

(, , )
( / ,

43

 / , /
).
,
,
,

.

.

:
,
,
- .
:

, ,
-, , , .
-
,

, , .
- ,
:

4.1
4.2.

44

 4.1

4.2

45


:
1.
(sizing):
.
2.
(desizing):
.
3.
-: ,
,
.
4.
(bleaching):
. ,
,
.
5.
:
, ,
.
6.
:
.
.
7.
: ,
, ,
. direct,
(reactive), (vat) , .
8.
:

, (), ,
, , , .

:
1.
:
.
2.
( ):

.

46

 .
.

47

 4.3

4.4

48


5.
( ,
, , ),
.
,
( ) (NaOCl2).

.


.

4.5 ( )

49

4.3

, , , ,
.
.
.


.

4.1.
4.1
[: , 1990]

, %

20-25

15-25

<5

20-30

60-80

<50

<5

<5

<5

<5

40-50

5-10

5-80

<5

<5

5-15

.
-

,
SS pH.
,
,
4.2.

50

 4.2
[ : Environmental Assessment of the Canadian Textile
Industry, 1989, Environmental Assessment of Textiles, Danish EPA, 1997]

BOD5
(mg/L)

BOD5
(g/kg)

COD
(g/kg)

(mg/L)

pH

(m3/tn)

100 - 2.900

23

94

2.200 - 17.400

10 13

2,5 - 43

1.000 10.000

47

113

1.000 - 30.000

9 11

46 - 100

Rayon

2.800

14

86

3.300

89

17 33

Acetate

2.000

2.000

9 10

25 - 83

Nylon

1.300

1.800

10 11

50 67

2.100

14

86

1.800

9 10

50 67

500 - 800

14

86

600 - 1.400

8 10

25 - 42

(17 135 m3/tn ),
(BOD5:15-100 mg/L), (TS:10010.000 mg/L) pH .

, .
,
(BOD5:200-5.200 mg/L, TS:400 4.000 mg/L).

.
,
pH . BOD5:45-65
mg/L, TS:300 18.000 mg/L pH: 5-9,5.

51


, ,
,
.

10-80 mg/L 0,3 g/kg .

4.3.
4.3
[: Environmental Assessment of the Canadian
Textile Industry, 1989]

BOD

COD

(g/kg)

(mg/L)

100-1.700

5-15

3.500-13.500

400

Acetate

700

BOD
(mg/L)

(mg/L)

pH

(m3/tn)

800-15.000

8-12

2,5-125

1,5

900

2,5-25

800-1.000

7-9

33,5-50

BOD5 .


.

.

, ,
, .

, , ,
,
. 4.4

52

 .
,
pH .


. ,
,

.
4.4
[ 1. Environmental Assessment of the Canadian Textile
Industry, 1989, Textile Effluents, EEC Guide, 1980]

(m3/tn
)

BOD
(mg/L)

(mg/L)

pH

60-10.000

10-800

1 12

8,5-300

400-3.000

2.00010.000

58

16,7-25

Rayon

2.800

3.500

89

16,7-33,5

Acetate

2.000

2.000

9 10

33,5-50

Nylon

400

600

89

16,7-33,5

200-2.000

800-2.000

14

16,7-33,5

500-27.000

300-3.000

6- 9

16,7-33,5

,
, , ..
BOD: 600-1800
mg/L, :1200-3600 mg/L pH:4,5-8,
30-50 m3/tn
.

53

 , .
,
: BOD=20500 mg/L, =40-1700 mg/L
pH=6-8 : BOD=280 kg/tn, =3-100 kg/tn,
4.5.
4.5 [:
Textile Effluents, EEC Guide, 1980]

BOD
mg/L

Rayon
Acetate
Nylon

kg/tn

Mg/L

kg/tn

m3/tn

1.500-5000

20

250-25.000

3-100

4-12

1.600-10.000

40

100-4.000

3-100

25-40

200-300

10

60-3.300

3-100

30-50

1.100-1.500

60

55-1.500

3-100

40-55

2-80

120-1.000

3-100

10-25

80-600

54

4.4

.


.

, .
:

:
( - , , , )

:
( - , )

: ,
/ ( , ,
, )

4.6.
4.6

- , ,

p, ,

,
, , ,
, , ,

-, ,
, , ,

, ,
, ,

,
, ()

, , ,

55

4.6

[: ., 2007]

56

4.5

(18)

. (10)
(8) .


.
4.7

A/A

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

57

4.6

, - , (2)
. 1 2
.
1


. (5)
(1) .
,
.

,
.
, .



.
, .
,
. ,

.
4.8.

1
.
,

.
5% .

58

 4.8 1
1:

/


-
- (, )
-
- ()

2

, 2,

. (14)
.
,

.

,
(10)
.
.
.
,
.

. ,
.

. ,

59


.
,
,
.

.

.
.
4.9 2
2:
(/year)

500.000

/ (tn/year)

20
15

10
10

K (m3/year)

275

2 .
(
: 30 m3/) (
: 2500 m3/)
.
3 4

1.
. (5, 6, 7)
, .

60

4.7
(2)
.

.
.
1


. (9)
(2) .
, 500m3/.


, .


.

.
.
.
(5) .

70% 80% .


. ,

.
1.

61

 4.10 1
1:
(m/year)

/ (tn/year)

( )
-

70-80 %

K (m3/year)

6000

(m3/day)

25

:
1.
:
.

62

2.
: Cl2 95-1000C,
(H2SO4, Na2SO3).
.
3.
: reactive
.
TDS.
4.
: reactive
.
1%.
,
COD BOD5 ,
, p ,
.

1
,
.
:
1:

.
2:
.

3: .
4:
p.
5: p
.
6:

7:
.
8: .
, ,

.

63

 1

.
() 4.11.
4.11
1 (, 2009)
1:

Ph

9,85

9,10

(mS)

6,78

3,38

COD (mg/l)

660,00

94,00

TSS[mg/l]

137,50

81,50

TVS[mg/l]

62,50

27,20

SO4 - [mg/l]

620,00

370,00

SO3 - [mg/l]

1,30

2,00

PO4 -P[mg/l]

0,08

0,13

Ptotal [mg/l]

0,32

2,77

Cd (mg/l)

0,01

Pb (mg/l)

0,81

0,07

Zn (mg/l)

0,12

0,05

F- [mg/l]

0,52

0,19

Cl-[mg/l]

560,00

1.105,00

ClO2[mg/l]

2,04

0,42

Cl2-free [mg/l]

0,95

0,13

Cl2-total [mg/l]

0,96

0,14

Cl2[mg/l]

0,01

0,01

Cr[mg/l]

<0.010

0,033

(HZ)

251,00

73,00

2,84

0,33

2.485,00

4.325,00

3- -N (mg/l)

21,00

10,80

NH4+ -N(mg/l)

1,40

0,61

[mg/l]
TDS[mg/l]

64

 2

.
(18) 11.500m3/year
.

. (),

.

2
1.200.000m .
.

.
.

, ,
:

, , (
)

200 m3/day.

p, COD TDS.




.

65

 4.12 2
2:
(m/year)
-

1.200.000 m/year

/ (tn/year)
(
)

2,5

7,5

28

( )
-

,
,

,
, 22

60
130C

,
.

K (m3/year)

11.500
-

, ,
( )

(m3/day) 200

66

 4.13
1 (, 2009)
1:

pH

10,73

8,14

3,60

5,12

583,00

136,00

10.250,00

3.835,00

SO3 - [mg/l]

2,70

1,10

Cd (mg/l)

0,06

0,02

Pb (mg/l)

0,34

0,26

ClO2[mg/l]

1,43

1,35

Cl2-free [mg/l]

0,43

0,15

Cl2-total [mg/l]

0,45

0,19

112,00

50,00

[mg/l]

0,46

0,24

2- -N (mg/l)

0,07

0,08

3- -N (mg/l)

2,40

NH4+ -N(mg/l)

0,70

0,32

[mS/cm]
COD (mg/l)
TDS[mg/l]

(HZ)

2
. :
1:
2:
3:
4:
5: , ,
6:
7:

10tn.
DAF
1 . ,
.

67

4.8.
.
(1) .
, , .

: , ,
( ).
.

( - decatising).
:

:
.

:

.

:
, , ,
, , , , ...
.
.

:

.

:
,

, , , ..
1

1
.

68

 . (3)
.

1

. ,
.

.
. .
4.14: 1
1:
(tn/year)

75

/ (tn/year)

75

,

. ,

K (m3/year)

643

(m3/day)

0.03

.
,
.

69

4.9. -

.
(3)
(4) .
1

(76)
.
( )
( ).

()
, .
.

.
1.

,
.
, .
, .
2.

2.1
: .

.
2.2
: ,
.
.
.

70

2.3
:
.
3.

()

4.
:
() .

&

4.7: 1 [:
]

71

 4.15 1
1: -
(m/year)

(,

, 3.720.000

/ (tn/year)
direct
reactive

indanthrene

0,6
24
0,1
6
0,2

1,8

pigment

2,4
840
0,5
15,5

26,4
21,6
48
331
40,8
98,4
57
40,7
5
14,6

-

-
-

-
-

.
,
-
-
-
sumforized

-
-
K (m3/year)
387.960

-

-
-
-
1300
(m3/day)

72



(.. 2)
.

1 .

2000m3/day.

,
.
.

:
.

pH

B.

.
:

: 750m3

1 : 240 m3

2 : 560m3

: 3000m3

: 14m

73



.
.
4.16
. (, 2009)
: 1
: -

pH

9,50

8,41

[mS]

2,55

3,16

COD (mg/l)

1220,00

36,00

Cl-[mg/l]

540,00

160,00

Color (HZ)

1650,00

60,00

[mg/l]

132,00

0,171

3- -N (mg/l)

140,00

120,00

1
.
2
1
.

74

 3


3. (35)
.

3 ,
.
.
direct.

.
, .
reactive. reactive

.


.

,
.

.
:

,
, .

. ,
,
.

75

 3
.
4.17 1
3: -
(tn/year)

(,

, 500

/ (tn/year)

25

550

10%

(
)

(.. , ,
)

K (m3/year)

65.100

(m3/day)

76

250


3 :

(10 m3/hour)

( 1 m3/day)

( 5 m3/day)

.

3
:
1.

2.

, ,

3.

4.

pH

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

250 m3/.
3 ,
.
.

77

 4.8

78

4.10.
, (18)
, ,
(10). ,
45% ,

. ,
..., 1997 (17)
.
(6)
,

1.925 m3/day.

88%. (5)
. (1)
,
(0,03m3/day)
.
.

(m3/day)

1400,0

1300,0

1200,0

1000,0

800,0

600,0

400,0
250,0

200,0

150,0

200,0
25,0

0,03

0,0
1

4.8 (m3/day)

, ,


.

79

A/A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

4.18 , ,

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

(m3/d)

(m3/d)

(tn/y)

0,5

0,0

0,00

1,4

0,0

0,00

2,1

0,0

0,00

0,3

0,0

0,00

0,9

25,0

1,8

200,0

30,00

10,00
0,00

10

0,3

0,03

11

12

7,6

1300,0

24,00

13

3,5

250,0

35,00

14

5,0

150,0

6,50

15
16
17
18

4
5
6
7

23,40

1925,03

80

105,50

, ,
, ,
, ( ) .
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
,

(
),
(NaOCl).

. ,
4.19.
/
,
. , pH
, H2SO4.
BOD COD,
,
.
(Al2(SO4)3), (FeCl3) .

,
,

.

100C
. , ,
,
,
. , .
(4) (5)

,

.

70

 4.19

(m3/day)

25

200

0,03

1.300

250

150

pH

1997, .
, 4.20 ,
1997 , (17) (10). ,
,
.

71

 4.20

, m3/

1997

17

12

10

6.386,00

6.370,00

4.790,00

2009

10

1.925,03

1.925,00

1.925,00

1997 , 2009
,
,
(m3/day) ,
(m3/day)
.

14

7.000

12

6.000

10

10

5.000

4.790,00

4.000

3.000
5
4

2.000

1.925,00

1.000

1997

2009

4.9 1997 2009

72

(m3/day)

6.370,00
12

73

5.

5.1

, .
.
, .

7%.
10.600 , 126
.


.

,
,
.

, , ,
, .
,

. [:
96/61/
, IPPC]


(.....) 2003 .... ,:

: ,

: ,

: , ,

74

5.2

.


. (26)
.
.
,
,
.
5.1:
/

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5

/ .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
./.
./.
./.
./.
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .
. / .

75


.
5.3

,

,
. ,

.
10
.
,
,
.
:

(),
() 1 ..
.
.

, 1, 2, 3 4 ,

scrap, , ()

.
, ,
.
1

76

 1
. (65)
.

.
,
.
.
5.2 1
1:
(m/year)

36.000

/ (tn/year)
Scrap

27.000

8.000

115

scrap

K (m3/year)

21.500

(m3/day)

22

(m3/day)

6,5

77



1
:

1
. 22m3/day,
.

.

:

scrap

.
. [: ,
1990] :
,

.
2

78

 2 1.
(46)

.

2 .
1 (, , , )
,
.
.
5.3 2
1:
(tn/year)

49.523

15.840
/ (tn/year)

6.300

5.000

10.700

250

700 C

N2

-
-

-
-

-
-

K (m3/year)

8.160

79


(m3/day)

4,8

(m3/day)

4,6

2 :

( 4,8 m3/day).

,
,
.

2 :

(1.320tn/year)

(60tn/year)

(40tn/year)

(50tn/year)

(300 kg/day)
.

,
, .
.
3

3 .
1 2
850 .

80


,
:
1.
:
. , ( )
, ,
. ,
,
.
2.
:

, .
,
.
3.
:
( )

. foil .
4.
foil:

3.
5.

6.

HF H2SO4

7.

81

 5.1:

3.
5.4 3
.3:
(/year)

61.000

92.000
(foil ) tn/year
40.000
/ (tn/year)

100.000

12.000

6.000
/year
70.000
-

82

foil
-

HF H2SO4

K (m3/year)

610.000
-

-


-
-
(m3/day)
707
(m3/day)

85

15m3/week, ,
.
,
, :

, 50tn/year

, 900tn/year

160tn/year
.

83

 ,
:

, 10.000tn/year

, 300tn/year

, 250/year

, 10tn/year

, 800tn/year



, .
1.

(
-
)

, :

1.

10mm

2.

3.


4.

2.

COD, .

84

 :
1.
pH=6


2.

pH=8

3.


4.

5.

6.

7.

500tn/year, .

.
/
,
.
5.5
3

pH

7,8

COD (mg/l)

118

BOD (mg/l)

35

TDS (mg/l)

1.400

TSS (mg/l)

31,4

Al (mg/l)

1,9

Cu (mg/l)

<0,2

Mn (mg/l)

<0,2

Fe (mg/l)

0,37

Cl- (mg/l)

179

85

 3
, 4 3
.
4 foils
, ,
. ,

.
. ,
5, 6, A7, 8 9
,

.
5
.
5

5
.
(250) ,
.

:
1.
:
( )
.
2. -
:

(, )

( )


,

86

 ( )

3. :
(, ..).
4. :

.
5.

: :

.
, ,
( )
)

180 - 200 C .
5.6 5

5:

(tn/year)
10.800
1.572
1.512
1.824

/ (tn/year)

4.644
PDI

12.960

960

72

Styrfoam
912

120


144

3,8
4,8
24
0,7
2,1
2,1

-
-

480 oC

87

&

-

-

K (m3/year)

9.000

(m3/day)

(m3/day)

9,5
25

9 m3/day (
, , )

0,5 m3/day (
, )

( 9,5 m3/day)
,
.

5

:

528 tn/year,

88


16.800 kg/year,

Al 192 tn/year,

7.200 kg/year,

43.200 kg/year,

Al

48 tn/year,

4 tn/year

40 kg/day

,
, :

0,5 kg/day

0,33 kg/day

1780 kg/day,

5 .
,
. .
:
1.
pH=8 NaOH HCl
( )
2.

pH>9

3.

4.

5.


6.

pH=7

7.

89

8.

9.


10.

500tn/year, .


.

5.7 4.
(, 2009)

pH
COD (mg/l)
TDS[mg/l]
TSS[mg/l]
TVS[mg/l]
SO4 - [mg/l]
SO3 - [mg/l]
PO4 -P[mg/l]
Ptotal [mg/l]
CN-[mg/l]
Mg (mg/l)
Cr (mg/l)
Cu (mg/l)
Mn (mg/l)
Fe (mg/l)
Ni (mg/l)
Pb (mg/l)

: 4

4,5
40,1
38.025
276
41,3
6400
1,1
4,55
21,2
0,055
130
1,463
0,771
0,714
0,897
1,630
0,38

90

5,63
118
27.370
388,3
45
3700
<1.0
0,04
2,56
0,024
80
0,912
0,384
0,903
1,977
1,139
-

Zn (mg/l)
Cl-[mg/l]
[mg/l]
3- -N (mg/l)
NH4+ -N(mg/l)

0,470
20.000
0,113
13
1,49

10.800
0,63
16
1,06

5.7
,
(Mn, TSS)
.
,
.
.


. ,

.
.

. 10, ,

, .


. .
10
10
10
. ,
, ,
. (35) ,
300tn .

91

 10
Teflon
.
1. Teflon :

rolle machine

Teflon

Teflon

Teflon.

5.2
Teflon .9, 2009
2. :

92

93

 5.8 10
10:
(tn/year)

300

Teflon

/ (tn/year)
370
20

rolle
machine

Teflon

Teflon

,
()

(
)

K (m3/year)

1.000

Teflon

(m3/day)

0,4

(m3/day)

3,5

10
Teflon.
T Teflon , 0,4
m3/day, .

94

 5.9
10 (, 2009)
:10

Ph
8,090
[mS]
1,079
COD (mg/l)
14400
TDS[mg/l]
10923
TSS[mg/l]
5200
TVS[mg/l]
4400
TFS[mg/l]
800
SO4 [mg/l]
400
S2 -[mg/l]
0.08
PO4 -P[mg/l]
5,05
Ptotal [mg/l]
1,5
CN [mg/l]
<0.010
Cr (mg/l)
0
Cu (mg/l)
0
Mn (mg/l)
0
Fe (mg/l)
0
Ni (mg/l)
0
Cd (mg/l)
0,021
Pb (mg/l)
0,21
Zn (mg/l)
4,186
F [mg/l]
0,26
ClO2[mg/l]
>2
Cr[mg/l]
<0.010
[mg/l]
3,2
2 -N (mg/l)
0,34
3 -N (mg/l)
34
NH4+ -N(mg/l)
5,7
org N (mg/l)
56,7

10 :

95


10 .
Teflon .

.
:

Teflon 80% .

.
3tn/year,
.

96

5.4

,
,
,
.
.
, IPPC 17%
46%
.

, , , ,
, , - .
4
.

1, 2 ... , :

.
1

1
,
1.300.000 tn/year . (90)
8.000m3/year 53.500
m3/year .

.

97


1
.
) :
1. :
, ,
.
2. :
.
.
3.
4. : ,
-

( ,
, ).
.
5. :
.
)
1. :
8mm .
2. :
-
60mm x 35mm.
3. :
.
4. :
800C 8mm
.
5.
8mm 4-6% .

.
6. coils: coils

.

98

7. : coils
)
1.

2. -

1080mm 8mm.
3. 450C
.
4. .
5. :
coils,
.

.
. ,

.
5.10

10:
(tn/year)
8mm

975.269
74.790
26.656
24.990
4.760

/ (tn/year)

99.198

Scrap

19.206

198
Scrap
Scrap
19.206


29.106

99

4.356
18.414
8.118
1.98

 5.10 1 ()

-

-
-

800C

- /

-

coils,

450C

- /
- /

coils,

K (m3/year)

61.500

(m3/day)

13,6

(m3/day)

100

, 80 m3/
.

,
.
,
, :

, 4tn/year,

, 330 tn/year
.


:

630.000kg/year,

,
630.000tn/year,

600.000kg/year,

, , 111.500kg/year

, ,
44.000kg/year

, , ,
230.000kg/year

,
, 110.000kg/year

101


,
40.000kg/year, 85.000kg/year, 25.000kg/year,
25.000kg/year, 1.000kg/year,
, ,

500.000kg/year

, ,
500kg/year

10.000kg/year

.
,
, ,
. :

, ,
,

, , .

, 45tn/year,
.

102

.
(3)
. , 2 ,
, 3 4
, .

, , , , ,
3
PVC, 4 ,
.
2

.
,
.
2

2 , ,
, .
(135)
70.000tn/year.

33.000 m3/year.

2 ,
, , ,
. .
) -
1. :
2. : 700-800 C

3. : ,
-

103

4. : - 4
, , ( )

5. :
Schumag
6.
7.
8. ()
9.
10. :

11.
)
1. :
2. : 700-800 C

3. : ,

4. : 3

5. :
Schumag
6.
7.
8. ()
9.
10. :

11.

104

)
1. :
2. : 700-800 C

3. : ,

4. :
5. : 4 ,
, ( )
6. :
Schumag
7.
8.
9. ()
10.
11. :

12.

105

 5.11 2
2:
(tn/year)
, , , ,

42.000

()

23.800

()

7.800

/ (tn/year)

54.600

8.400

(, ,
.)

10.329

9.038

6.456

700-800 C

4 ,
(2)

K (m3/year)

33.000

(
)

(m3/day)

135

(m3/day)

7,5

106



2
:

(
, ,
1-2
)

( , )

(..
)
( 135 m3/day)
.


. :

630.000kg/year

, , 630.000tn/year

1.100.000kg/year,

, , , , , , ,
81.000kg/year

,
, 110.000kg/year

,
30.000kg/year

107


,
5.000kg/year



. :

, ,

, , ,
.

2 135

15 m3/hr . 10 m3/hr
:
m3/day

pH:
pH=7
.

: ,

: , ,

:
.
,

,
75tn/year .
.

. 3 /
,
.

108

 5.12
2. 2009

pH
COD (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
TDS[mg/l]
TSS[mg/l]
Fe (mg/l)
/HC

: 2

8,4
21
6
518
1,5
0,2
4,2

109

5.5

IPPC ,

, - .
,
. O
:

(CUPOLA)

7
.
1997 9
. 2
.
,


.
(),
() 1 ..
.
1

1
PET PP. (200) ,
67.000 m3/year
.
.


. ,
PVC PP.

110

)
:
:
(coils)
:
.
H2SO4
,
p, .
.
, ,
.

:
.

: (patenting)
.
900 C,
400-500 C.

) (PP)
:
: PP
,

Extrusion

111

 :
(50-180 C)
PP: PP scrap

) (PET)
:

PET

Extrusion:

PET: PET
, . ,

5.3 , 1

.

112

 5.13 1
1:
(tn/year)
83.720
6.500
6.000
/ (tn/year)

92.000
PET
6.500
PP
6.000

-




H2SO4



900 C

450C











- (coils)
PP

PP

PET
PP

extrusion

(50-180 C)

PP

scrap

PET

extrusion

& .

PET

, , / scrap

K (m3/year)
67.320

(m3/day)
242
(m3/day)
20

113



1 :

pH

, 242m3/day,

.

1

.



.
:

pH Ca(OH)2

.

. 1.000tn/year
.
1
.
.

114

 5.14
1. 2009
:.5

pH
7,7
COD (mg/l)
14
BOD (mg/l)
18
TDS[mg/l]
1.375
Cr total [mg/l]
0,04
Fe
0,04
Zn(mg/l)
0,06
Mn (mg/l)
1,1
Pb (mg/l)
0,03

0,7

p<9,0,
COD<120 BOD <40
.
MBR,
6 98%.

2

. ,
.
5% H2SO4 20% CuSO4 35-40 C
.
.
,

.
3 4
.


, .
5 ,
,

115

 .
(
40)
,
.
, , ,
, ,
, , .
, 6
7
.

,

.
()
.
,

.

116

5.6

, (26)
. ...,
1997 (51)
.
(26)
1.607 m3/day.
,
, 5.1.

21,4 m 3/d
1%

554,9 m 3/d
34%
829,7 m 3/d
52%

209,0 m 3/d
13%

5.1

(19) ,
1540 m3/day. (8),
, 67,1 m3/day.
95,8%.

, ,


, 5.2.

117

 5.14:
/

/ .

m3/d
6,500

m3/d

22,000

tn/y

0,000

0,000

. / .

4,600

4,800

. / .

83,000

707,000

500,000

. / .

2,000

25,000

0,000

. / .

25,000

9,500

5,000

. / .

10,000

26,000

0,000

. / .

42,000

12,500

60,000

. / .

2,500

20,000

1,200

. / .

17,000

2,500

50,000

10

10

. / .

3,500

0,400

3,000

11

./.

9,000

13,600

45,000

12

./.

7,500

135,000

75,000

13

./.

45,000

60,000

3,000

14

./.

2,500

0,400

7,200

15

. / .

20,000

242,000

1.000,000

16

. / .

5,400

4,000

5,200

17

. / .

1,000

0,010

0,000

18

. / .

10,000

2,200

80,000

19

. / .

257,000

300,000

72,000

20

. / .

5,000

6,600

0,000

21

. / .

0,300

0,048

0,000

22

0,500

5,000

1,500

23

0,900

7,160

2,000

24

8,400

0,100

1,200

0,100

0,000

25

22,000

1,500

26

6,000

7,600

1.607,318

1.911,400

118

800,0
707,0

600,0

500,0

400,0

300,0
300,0
242,0
200,0
135,0
100,0

60,0
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25,0

4,8

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9,5

12,5 20,0 2,5

0,4

13,6

6,6

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0,4

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5,0

0,0

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0,0

(m3/day)

700,0

5.2: (m3/day)

119

(7)

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(6)

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)

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.

(5)
.

1.911tn/year. 4,
, .

.

120

 5.15:

(m3/day)

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

10

X1

X2

X3

X4

22,0

4,8

707,0

25,0

9,5

26,0

12,5

20,0

2,5

0,4

13,6

135,0

60,0

0,4

pH

UV

H2O2

121

 5.15: ()

(m3/day)

242,0

4,0

0,01

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300,0

6,6

0,05

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7,6

pH

UV

H2O2

: , : , : , : , : , :

122

6.

6.1

6.1.1 -
-
:

, ,
.

.
,
, ,
.
.


.

.


, 2007
.

, .

118

IPPC

IPPC1 ,

.

8:1
,
.

(
).

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.

, , , ..
.

NaOH
,
.

,

.

,
.

96/61/ (IPPC)

119


EDTA
.

(scouring) ,
.

.
:
) H2O2
,
)
.

(NaOCl2)
.

,
.

vat , .

,
.

reactive vat,
.

(carriers),
,
.

120

,
.

.

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.

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.

121

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:
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:
d > 2 mm
2.

3.

.
4.

5.

6.

.
:

SS 95 %

BOD 35 %.

,

.

. :
1.


.
.

.
2.


3.

BOD

122

 92 %, SS 95 %,
TDS 10%.

.
(, ,
), ,
,
20 .



.

,


.
:
1.

2.

.
3.

4.
( , , ),
.
5.

.

123

 6.1
[: . , ,
2006]

124

 6.1
[: . , .., 2007]

6-8 : 1
.

(.
, )

H2O2

(.
)

&

125

H2O2

, ,

VOC

126

 ,
,
,
,
... [: .

- , 2007]

6.2
-
, ...

( )

(.
+.)

-.

-.

(m3/tn)
12
220

/
/
(m3/tn)
10,8
198

BOD5
(kg/tn)

COD
(kg/tn)

SS
(kg/tn)

40
45

120
135

0,5
3,0

75

67,5

25

75

0,7

100

90

45

135

1,4

100

90

30

90

0,9

80
60
40

72
54
36

20
25
25

60
75
75

0,05
0,6
0,3

150

135

65

195

8,1

127

6.1.2


.

(, , .).

.
( ,
).
(scrab).

, , , ,
.

(
90%).

- eco-rinse (pre-dip).

128

IPPC

(1997)

IPPC
.

, ,

,
,

,

IPPC ,

.

129

 6.3 ,
( - )

[mg/l]

(
)

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10-200

(+
) +
+

/
+ +

<10 (.
)

[mg/l]

50 (
)

<5 ()

120-2000

75 (COD)
12 (Fe)< 0.1 (Ni, Cr,
Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd)

0.13-4.57
kg/t

( )

90% (.
)
50-90% ()

0.7-2.73 kg/ t

+
+
,
: (
)

>
63m)

,
, ,

50 ()
50 (
)
100 (COD)

130

( )
,

90%

131

 6.4 (IPPC )

1.

pellets

pellets

pellets

2.

3.

4.

132

,

,
.
:

- (
)

'

.
,

133

6.2

6.2.1

.
1969
(Smith
et al, 1969). H
1970.

MBR
.
500 MBR ,
. (66%)
MBR .
( ) .
, , MBR

.
, , ,
(Visvanathan et al., 2000). 2006 100
.

,
.

.

.

,
.

(Mulder et al,1997).
, .

,

134

 ,
.
,
.
,

.
,

.

6.2

MBR

-
,
.
Membrane Biological Reactor (MBR).
(MBR)
()

0.1 0.4 m.


.
MBR

(Gunder et al, 2001).

135

MBR (External Cross-Flow MBR),

MBR (Internally Submerged MBR)

MBR (Externally Submerged MBR)

[: Metcalf & Eddy, 2007]

.
,
, .
, ,
, , .
( 50kPa)
.
TSS
,
.
,
,
.
MBR
Zenon Environmental
.

6.3 ()
() MBR
[: Metcalf & Eddy, 2007]

136


MBR . ,
,

.
.
.

.

,

. MBR
MLSS (15000 25000mg/L)
.

6.4 -

[: Metcalf & Eddy, 2007]

137

MBR

, MBR
,

MBR,
. MBR
(.),
.
MBR
, .
.
6.5 MBR [: .
, 2008]

( )
(..)

. ..
( )
. ,
MBR,
,

(C)



MBR
,
(Tazi-Pain et al., 2002), (Liu et al., 2004). O
,
,
.

,

138

 COD

6.6 MBR [: .
, , 2008]

( )
:



MLSS

,
.

.

139


,

.

TTC/DTC (
/ )
(Musale D.A et al, 2008).
MBR
:

.
,
( )
.
, (UF) ()
(MF) ,

.
. (Musale D.A et
al, 2007).

6.2.2

140

.

.
:
1.

.
2.
pH
.
3.
ethylene
dichloride ammonia polymer 5.000 100.000 dalton
5 50 mole dithiocarbamate salt groups
.
4.


5.
back flushing
.

6.5

Musale D. A et al, 2008,

141

 : Pb, Cu,
Zn, Cd, Hg, Ag, Co, Pd, Sn, Sb .

,
:

98%
80%. ,

ph .
.
-

,
, ,


(Nandy et al, 2009).

(, , ) .

:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

55% .
,

142

 .
30.000 m/day.
, , , ,
.

135
m3/day
5 m3/day
. .

. 84 m3/day.
150m3/day
:
1.

2.

3.

4.

,

.

MLSS

143

.

TDS.

6.6
24 /
25 C pH 7.5.
TDS 82 98%.

.
,
TDS 90-95% 40.1 kg/cm2.
,
.
(ATP)
SS, BOD, COD TDS 98.2%.

6.7

144

* mg/l ph,


.

145

 6.7

:
1.

.
.
2.


. ( , , , )
3.


.

146

4.

SS, BOD COD
TDS 40 mg/l.
74 m3/d.
5.


. .
6.

55%
.

147

7.

,
.

,

,
.


.

.
,
,
,
.

1997
50%.

.

.
,
.
,
. ,

.

.
,
,
:

148

. ,
,
.
, ,
.

,

.

.


.
.

. ,
/
,

.
,


.

,

, ,
.

149


,
,
,

.
.

,
,
, .

,
,

.

,
.

,
,
.

.

,

.

.



,
.

150


. , :
, , ,
, 1990
. , ,
, 1995
Metcalf & Eddy, ,
, . , 2007


, , , , ,
1997
. ,
, ,
2008
. , ,
, , 1995
. , ,
, 2008
. , , ,
2001
. , , ,
2007
T. Nandy et al, Water conservation through implementation of
ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis system with recourse to
recycling of effluent in textile industry, National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute, India, Resources, Conservation and
Recycling 51, 6477, 2007
P. Schoeberl, M. Brik, R. Braun and W. Fuchs, Treatment and
recycling of textile wastewater, case study and development of a
recycling concept
M. Angelidis and M. Aloupi, Geochemical Study of Coastal
Sediments Influenced by River-Transported Pollution: Southern

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2000
I. Konstantinou, D. Hela, T Albanis, The status of pesticide pollution
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http://postgrasrv.hydro.ntua.gr/gr/edmaterial/education/katsiri/
grigoropoulou/metal_industry.pdf
http://postgrasrv.hydro.ntua.gr/gr/edmaterial/education/danos/p
anagiotidis/inland_waters.pdf
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ActiveCarbon.pdf

152