Bi 4 : Android Xy dng giao din chng trnh

I Gii thiu bi tp 3, ta c gii thch cch to giao din ca chng trnh bng XML v hiu c c ch s dng cc tp tin XML trong m ngun. Tuy phng php ny s gim thiu li v tit kim thi gian trong qu trnh thit k giao din. Tuy nhin vn cn nhiu kh khn cho ngi dng. V th, Eclipse cung cp mt phng php n gian nht xy dng file XML giao din thng qua vic ko th cc thnh phn s c gii thiu phn sau.

II Thay i giao din xml bng cng c To mt project mi tn AndroidGUI:

ch Graphical ca file main.xml s cho php chng ta thay i tp tin ny mt cch n gin nht c c giao din mong mun.

Khoa CNTT B mn MMT v VT

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Ko mt EditText v 3 Buttons t thanh cng c bn tay tri vo mn hnh ca giao din chng trnh, kt qu s nh sau :

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III

S dng cc gi tr string.xml trong giao din

Thm gi tr vo values/string.xml . Ti y s lu tr cc gi tr chui khi to cho giao din. Bin White y c gi tr l #FFFFFF (mu trng)

Tr li vi ca s main.xml, ta c th la chn tng giao din v thay i thuc tnh ca n bng cch right clickShow InProperties. V d ta thit lp giao din mu trng :

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IV

ID ca tng i tng

Mi i tng trong giao din c mt ID ring ta c th thao tc vi n. ID ny s l mt con s khng b trng nhau i vi tng i tng, ta c th thy trong file R.java :

Ta s s dng ID ny thao tc vi i tng thng qua c php R.id.<id name>. V d ta s dng i tng EditText1 thng qua id l R.id.editText1 tng ng vi tn ca n trong file R.java. Thay i tp tin m ngun ca chng trnh AndroidGUIActivity.java nh sau :
package example.AndroidGUI; import import import import android.app.Activity; android.os.Bundle; android.view.View; android.widget.EditText;

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public class AndroidGUIActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private EditText text; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // bind the layout to the activity text = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1); text.setText("No button pressed"); } public void myClickHandler(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.button1: text.setText("Button 1 was clicked"); break; case R.id.button2: text.setText("Button 2 was clicked"); break; case R.id.button3: text.setText("Button 3 was clicked"); break; } } }

chng trnh trn, ta c s dng cc id ca i tng giao din tng tc vi chng trnh, v mt hm mi l myClickHandler() c chc nng thay i dng text ca editText1 khi cc button khc nhau c click vo. Tuy nhin chng trnh bit rng khi mi phm c nhn s gi hm ny thc thi, bn cn phi nh ngha bng chc nng sau.

V nh ngha button Handler Quay li giao din main.xml, thay i s kin OnClick ca button1,2,3 Android bit cn thc thi hm cmyClickHandler() mi khi ngi dng nht vo cc phm ny (OnClick).

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Sau khi hon tt cc thay i, ta c th xem li tp tin main.xml di dng file XML. Ta s thy tp tin ny s t ng thay i ty theo cc tinh chnh dng Graphical m khng cn ta phi vit vao y.

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Cui cng l chy chng trnh v xem kt qu :

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