(b)

Non-residence presumed. An alien by reason of his alienage, is presumed to be a nonresident alien. --[26 CFR 1.871-4, emphasis added]

The Constitution was written in the language of the Common Law. --Denver R.G.R. Co. v. U.S. , 241 F. 214. Even statutes must be read in the light of the Common Law. --U.S. v. Carll, 105 U.S. 611. Blackstones Commentaries are a satisfactory exposition of the Common Law. --Bloom v. Illinois, 394 U.S. 194; 88 S.Ct. 1477. All government is a trust. Every branch of government is a trust, and immemorially acknowledged to be so. - Jeremy Bentham All persons possessing any portion of power ought to be strongly and awfully impressed with an idea that they act in trust, and that they are to account for their conduct in that trust to the one great Master, Author, and Founder of society. - Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France To execute laws is a royal office; to execute orders is not to be a king. However, a political executive magistracy, though merely such, is a great trust. - Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France The very essence of a free government consists in considering offices as public trusts, bestowed for the good of the country, and not for the benefit of an individual or a party. - John Caldwell Calhoun, in a speech Government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people. - Henry Clay, in a speech at Lexington Your every voter, as surely as your chief magistrate, under the same high sanction, though in a different sphere, exercises a public trust. - Steven Grover Cleveland, Inaugural Address Public officers are the servants and agents of the people, to execute laws which the people have made and within the limits of a constitution which they have established. - Steven Grover Cleveland, Letter of Acceptance as Candidate for Governor, see W.O. Stoddard's "Life of Cleveland", ch. IX The appointing power of the Pope is treated as a public trust, and not as a personal perquisite.

- William Wallace Crapo All power is a trust; that we are accountable for its exercise; that from the people and for the people all springs, and all must exist. - Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, Vivian Grey (bk. VI, ch. VII) Public office is a public trust, the authority and opportunities of which must be used as absolutely as the public moneys for the public benefit, and not for the purposes of any individual or party. - Dorman Bridgman Eaton, The "Spoils" System and Civil-Service Reform (ch. III, The Merit System) If you use your office as you would a private trust, and the moneys as trust funds, if you faithfully perform your duty, we, the people, may put you in the Presidential chair. - Roswell P. Flower, on the night of Mr. Cleveland's election as governor of New York It is not fit the public trusts should be lodged in the hands of any till they are first proved and found fit for the business they are to be entrusted with. - Matthew (Mathew) Henry, Commentaries When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property. - Thomas Jefferson, Life of Jefferson (p. 356), said to Baron Humboldt, see Rayner's "Life of Jefferson", p. 356 The English doctrine that all power is a trust for the public good. - Thomas Babington Macaulay, Essay on Horace Walpole The phrase "public office is a public trust," has of last become common property. - Charles Sumner, in a speech in the United States Senate "... The governments are but trustees acting under derived authority and have no power to delegate what is not delegated to them. But the people, as the original fountain might take away what they have delegated and intrust to whom they please. ... The sovereignty in every state resides in the people of the state and they may alter and change their form of government at their own pleasure. They had the whole title, and as absolute proprietors, had the right of using or abusing,--jus utendi et abutendi. --U.S. Supreme Court in Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. 1, 12 LEd 581: