Khuay chat long

GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

Contents
Contents.................................................................................................................................................1
1.TRCH YEU....................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Muc ch :..................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Phng phap TN: .....................................................................................................................2
1.3. Ket qua th nghiem:..............................................................................................................2
2. LY THUYET TH NGHIEM:..................................................................................................3
2.1. Khai niem: .............................................................................................................................3
2.2. Xac nh cong suat canh khuay P:...................................................................................3
2.3. Gian o cong suat va cac chuan so ac trng:..........................................................3
2.4. Nguyen tac khuech ai ong dang....................................................................................5
2.5. Tien oan cong suat trong cac he thong thc:.............................................................5
3. THIET B & PHNG PHAP TH NGHIEM: ..................................................................6
3.1. Thiet b TN : ...........................................................................................................................6
3.2. Phng phap TN: .....................................................................................................................6
3.3. Noi dung TN ............................................................................................................................6
4. KET QUA TH NGHIEM: .....................................................................................................7
4.1. S liu th...................................................................................................................................7
4.2. Trng hp khuy nht bng cnh khuy CT2.........................................................................8
4.3. Trng hp khuy nht bng cnh khuy CT3.........................................................................9
4.4. Trng hp khuy nht bng cnh khuy CP2.......................................................................10
4.5. Trng hp khuy du bng cnh khuy CT2........................................................................11
4.6. Xay dng gian o Cong suat khuay Van toc khuay cho bon nht 50m3 ong
dang bon nht th nghiem:........................................................................................................12
5. BAN LUAN: .............................................................................................................................13
6. PHU LUC......................................................................................................................................19
7. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO.....................................................................................................20

1.TRCH YEU
1.1. Muc ch :
Khao sat gian o chuan so cong suat khuay Np vi nhieu he
thong co hnh dang khac nhau.

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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

1.2. Phng phap TN:

o lc ma sat F bang cach oc ch so tren lc ke sau moi

gia tr van toc khuay N.

Tnh cong suat canh khuay.

Tnh chuan so Reynold.
Tnh chuan so cong suat .
Ve gian o the hien quan he gia Re & Np goi la gian o
chuan so cong suat ( khi a bo qua anh hng cua chuan
so Froude) cho 2 he thong ong dang la bnh dau & bnh
nht .
1.3. Ket qua th nghiem:
- Sau khi th nghiem, o ac va tnh toan ta thu c 4 gian o
chuan so cong suat khuay (Np) theo chuan so Re cho tng trng
hp chat long la nht va dau (o th phan 4.4)
- tat ca cac trng hp, van toc khuay eu di 1100
vong/phut. Tren 1100 vong/phut, may b lac manh.
- Nhan xet ket qua TN:
Trong trng hp co tam chan th chan so cong suat
luon ln hn trong trng hp khong co tam chan.
Ngha la cong suat tieu hao P cho khuay co tam
chan ln hn khi khong co tam chan vi cung mot
gia tr van toc khuay.
Khuay dau de tao lom xoay hn khi khuay nht.

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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

2. LY THUYET TH NGHIEM:
2.1. Khai niem:
Khuay la qua trnh lam giam s khong ong nhat trong chat
long. o la s chenh lech ve nong o, o nht, nhiet o
nhng v tr khac nhau trong long chat long.
2.2. Xac nh cong suat canh khuay P:
Cong suat khuay P phu thuoc nhieu yeu to c bieu nh sau:
P = f ( N , d , , , D, H , Z , cac kch thc khac)
(1)
Bang phng phap phan tch th nguyen, ngi ta thiet lap cac
phng trnh chuan so tnh cong suat khuay di dang:
P = N p .N 3 .d 5 .
(2)
Trong o Np la chuan so cong suat, no phu thuoc vao che o
thuy ong lc hoc cua thiet b:
N p = f (Re, Fr , Ga,...)
(3)
Vi:
P
Np = 3 5 : Chuan so cong suat, vo th nguyen.
N d

d2N
Re =
: Chuan so Reynolds cua canh khuay, ty so gia lc

ly tam & lc ma sat

N2d
Fr
=

: Chuan so Froude, ty so gia lc ly tam & lc trong

g
trng, ac trng cho s hnh thanh xoay pheu.
d Z H
, , ,S1,S2,... la cac tha so hnh dang cua he thong.
Dt Dt Dt
Trong o :
P : Cong suat khuay (W).
N : Van toc canh khuay (1/s).
d : ng knh canh khuay (m)
: Khoi lng rieng cua chat long khuay (kg/m3).
: o nht ong lc hoc chat long khuay (N/s.m).
Nh vay van e c oan cong suat khuay rat phc tap v
can biet ro ca anh hng cua hnh dang he thong.
2.3. Gian o cong suat va cac chuan so ac trng:
Tren thc te, ngi ta ch o c anh hng cua chuan so
Reynolds va Froude tren chuan so cong suat sau khi a xac nh
cac tha so hnh dang.
- Chuan so cong suat:
Ta co the viet:
P = Ff.v = J.A.v
A ~ d2

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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

v ~ dN
Trong o :
Ff : Lc ma sat.
v : van toc lu chat.
J : He so ma sat.
A : Dien tch canh khuay vuong goc vi phng chuyen ong
cua dong lu chat.
d : ai lng chieu dai.
P
J d3N
J
J
Vay P0 = 5 3 ~ 5 3 ~ 2 2 ~ 2
(4)
dN dN dN v
Ta thay chuan so cong suat co y ngha cua mot thua so ma sat.
- Chuan so Reynolds canh khuay:
Suy thang t nh ngha chuan so Re cua dong chay khi thay van
toc v bang so vong quay N
D.v. d2.N.
Re =
=
(5)

- Chuan so Froude:
La t so gia lc ly tam va gia toc trong trng
d.N2 v2
Fr =
=
(6)
g
d.g
Chnh quan bnh gia hai lc nay tao nen xoay loc hnh pheu.
Xoay loc nay gay ra lc phu tac dung ngang len truc khuay, lc
nay se rat ln neu o sau xoay pheu ln hn o sau canh
khuay tnh t mat thoang chat long va khi o kh se lot vao chat
long lam giam ang ke hieu suat khuay. S tao pheu con gay s
ao, lac truc khuay neu truc khuay khong c lap at chnh tam.
Van toc khuay cang cao th kha nang tao xoay pheu cang ln, e
khac phuc hien tng nay, ngi ta bo tr nhng tam chan e
ngan can s tao pheu, khi nay hieu suat khuay tang len nhng
cong suat canh khuay cung tang len do sc can khuay tang.
- Neu lc ly tam nho (Re < 300) th chuan so Fr cha ang ke
(gan bang so khong)va cong suat khuay trong trng hp co tam
chan va khong co tam chan la nh nhau, xoay loc cha xuat hien.
- chuan so Re cao trong bnh khong co tam chan ngi ta
gop anh hng cua chuan so Fr vao chuan so cong suat qua nh
ngha cua chuan so cong suat hieu chnh:
Np
Np* =
(7)
Fr m
Luy tha m tuy thuoc hnh dang cua canh khuay va cua he
thong
a log(Re)
m=
(8)
b
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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

Trong o : a,b la cac hang so phu thuoc hnh dang canh khuay va
cac tha so hnh dang.
oi vi chong chong 3 canh bc 2 co H/Dt = 3,3 va Z/d = 1 th
a
=
1,7
va b = 18,0.
Mot cach tong quat, ta co :
Np 0 = f ( Re, Fr ) = C N Re Fr 2
(9)
Trong o : CN, 1, 2, la cac hang so phu thuoc che o khuay.
Neu lu chat khuay co che o chay :
Chay tang : 1 = -1, 2 = 0 khi nay P0 = CNRe-1.
Chay roi co tam can : 1 = 0, 2 = 0 khi nay P0 = CN .
a log(Re)
Chay roi khong co tam can : 1 = 0, 2 =
, tr lai
b
trng hp tren.
2.4. Nguyen tac khuech ai ong dang
Hai he thong c goi la ong dang hoan toan khi chung thoa
man ong thi :
ong dang hnh hoc.
ong dang ong hoc.
ong dang ong lc hoc.
Mo hnh ong dang hoan toan oi hoi tat ca cac chuan so
vo th nguyen tng ng bang nhau.
Khi can thiet ke mot he thong khuay ln cho cong nghiep,
ngi ta thng tao mot mo hnh nho roi o thc nghiem gian o
cong suat cua mo hnh nay. V co ong dang hnh hoc gia hai he
thong nho va ln nen gian o ap c cho ca haiva co the
dung e tien oan cong suat cung nh cng o khuay trong nha
may: ay la nguyen tac khuech ai ong dang.
Trong thc te, nhieu khi rat kho thc hien mo hnh ong dang
hoan toan, neu hai he thong ln nho gan ong dang nhng co vai
d biet th ta co the dung he so hieu chnh thc nghiem.
Tuy nhien bang thc nghiem ngi ta nhan thay : N p = f (Re) . Co
3 phng phap xac nh chuan so cong suat Np

Xac nh Np theo phng phap giai tch :

m

Xac nh Np theo phng trnh chuan so : N p = C. Re

,
cac
gia
tr
C & m c xac nh qua cac bang tra.

Xac nh Np theo o th (dung gian o cong suat).

2.5. Tien oan cong suat trong cac he thong thc:
Khi can thiet ke mot he thong khuay tron trong cong nghiep,
ngi ta tao mot mo hnh mau nho roi xay dng gian o chuan
so cong suat cho mo hnh nay. Mo hnh mau phai ong dang vi
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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

mo hnh thc te. V s ong dang nay ma mo hnh ln co the

dung chung gian o cua mo hnh mau. T o ta co the tien oan
cong suat thc can thiet.
3. THIET B & PHNG PHAP TH NGHIEM:
3.1. Thiet b TN :
2 bnh cha dau va nht
2 canh khuay turbine CT2, CT3 & 1 canh khuay chan vt CP2
1 truc gan canh khuay
1 bo tam chan 4 tam
1 ong c ma lc co the thay oi van toc 0 1200v/ph
bang hop so
1 lc ke lo xo co thang o 0 2lbf
1 van toc ke co 3 thang o ( 0- 3000; 0- 600; 0 1200v/ph) (
ay chon thang o 0-3000)
3.2. Phng phap TN:
3.2.1. o cong cong suat khuay:
Cong suat khuay P c tnh bang cong thc:
P = 2 .r.F .N
(10)
Trong o: r = 5 inch la khoang cach t v tr gan lo xo en
truc ong c; F-lc ma sat gia chat long va canh khuay, N- so
vong quay canh khuay
3.2.2. Van toc khuay N:
oc tren van toc ke (v/ph)
3.3. Noi dung TN
(1)
Chon lu chat dau hay la nht e tien hanh TN
(2)
Chon canh khuay turbine (CT2 hay CT3) hay canh khuay
chan vt CP2 lap vao truc khuay
(3)
oi vi nht ieu chnh toc o khuay la
300,400,500,600. Con oi vi dau th chon toc o khuay
la 200,300,400,500 vong/phut
* Chu y khi tien hanh TN :
Khong nen chay may qua 1100vong/phut may se rung,
nguy hiem
Khi oc van toc luon th e van toc ke thang 0
-1200prm trc. Neu thay cha u chnh xac th mi giam
xuong thang o nho hn . Tranh e kim ch nhay qua mc
toi a cua thang o.
Moi khi bat tat ong c hay thay oi van toc khuay, phai
dung tay gi ong c cho lc ban au khong lam ong c
xoay manh se gay va cham va lam h may.
Khi thao lap canh khuay , truc khong e ri xuong lam
v bnh.
Trc khi dung lc ke phai chnh ve 0 khi ong c quay .
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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

Khi quay hop so e ieu che van toc, phai thao ri lo

xo khoi ong c.

4. KET QUA TH NGHIEM:

4.1. S liu th.
Chat long
Nht

-canh
khuay CT2

Khong co
tam chan

Co tam
chan

- canh
khuay CT3

Khong co
tam chan

Co tam
chan

- canh
khuay CP2

Khong co
tam chan

Co tam
chan

Dau

-canh
khuay CT2

Khong co
tam chan

Co tam
chan

Trang 7

Van toc
khuay
(vong/ph)
300
400
500
600
300
400
500
600
300
400
500
600
300
400
500
600
300
400
500
600
300
400
500
600
200
300
400
500
200
300
400
500

F(lbf)
0.035
0.045
0.065
0.07
0.055
0.06
0.085
0.085
0.021
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.03
0.04
0.045
0.03
0.045
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.028
0.038
0.045
0.05
0.036
0.04
0.058
0.07
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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

4.2. Trng hp khuy nht bng cnh khuy CT2

Nht-Khong c tm chn
N(v/s F(lbf
N(v/ph)
)
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
300
0.03 0.15 0.62 272.19
5.000
5
6
1
5
400
0.04 0.20 1.06 362.92
6.667
5
0
5
6
500
0.06 0.28 1.92 453.65
8.333
5
9
3
8
600
10.00 0.07 0.31 2.48 544.39
0
2
6
0
CT2
Nht- Co tm chn
N(v/s F(lbf
N(v/ph)
)
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
300
0.05 0.24 0.97 272.19
5.000
5
5
7
5
400
0.06 0.26 1.42 362.92
6.667
7
0
6
500
0.08 0.37 2.51 453.65
8.333
5
8
5
8
600
10.00 0.08 0.37 3.01 544.39
0
5
8
8
0

Trang 8

Np

Ghi ch

2.271
1.642
1.518
1.135

Np

Ghi ch

3.568
2.190
1.985
1.379

Khuay chat long

GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

4.3. Trng hp khuy nht bng cnh khuy CT3

Nht-Khong c tm chn
N(v/s F(lbf
N(v/ph)
)
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
300
0.02 0.09 0.37 189.02
5.000
1
3
3
4
400
0.04 0.17 0.94 252.03
6.667
8
7
2
500
0.04 0.20 1.33 315.04
8.333
5
0
2
0
600
10.00 0.05 0.22 1.77 378.04
0
3
5
8
CT3
Nht- Co tm chn
N(v/s F(lbf
N(v/ph)
)
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
300
0.05 0.22 0.88 189.02
5.000
3
8
4
400
0.06 0.26 1.42 252.03
6.667
7
0
2
500
0.08 0.35 2.36 315.04
8.333
6
7
0
600
10.00 0.07 0.31 2.48 378.04
0
2
6
8

Trang 9

Np

Ghi ch

3.390
3.632
2.615
2.018

Np

Ghi ch

8.072
5.449
4.650
2.825

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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

4.4. Trng hp khuy nht bng cnh khuy CP2

N(v/ph)
300

N(v/s
)
5.000

400
6.667
500
600

CP2

N(v/ph)
300

8.333
10.00
0
N(v/s
)
5.000

400
6.667
500
600

8.333
10.00
0

Nht-Khong c tm chn
F(lbf
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
0.03 0.13 0.53 272.19
4
3
5
0.04 0.17 0.94 362.92
8
7
6
0.04 0.20 1.33 453.65
5
0
2
8
0.03 0.13 1.06 544.39
4
5
0
Nht- Co tm chn
F(lbf
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
0.04 0.20 0.79 272.19
5
0
9
5
0.05 0.22 1.18 362.92
3
4
6
0.08 0.35 2.36 453.65
6
7
8
0.06 0.26 2.13 544.39
7
1
0
Trang 10

Np

Ghi ch

1.946
1.460
1.051
0.487

Np

Ghi ch

2.920
1.825
1.869
0.973
10

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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

4.5. Trng hp khuy du bng cnh khuy CT2

Dau-Khong c tm chn
N(v/s F(lbf
N(v/ph)
)
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
200
0.02 0.12 0.33 303.07
3.333
8
5
1
2
300
0.03 0.16 0.67 454.60
5.000
8
9
5
8
400
0.04 0.20 1.06 606.14
6.667
5
0
5
4
500
0.05 0.22 1.48 757.68
8.333
3
0
0
CT2
Dau- Co tm chn
N(v/s F(lbf
N(v/ph)
)
)
F(N) P(W)
Re
200
0.03 0.16 0.42 303.07
3.333
6
0
6
2
300
0.04 0.17 0.71 454.60
5.000
8
0
8
400
0.05 0.25 1.37 606.14
6.667
8
8
3
4
500
0.07 0.31 2.07 757.68
8.333
2
1
0

Trang 11

Np

Ghi ch

4.291
2.588
1.724
1.226

Np

Ghi ch

5.517
2.724
2.222
1.716

11

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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

4.6. Xay dng gian o Cong suat khuay Van toc khuay
cho bon nht 50m3 ong dang bon nht th nghiem:
ng knh bon nht thc te: D = 4.572m
Chon loai canh khuay mai cheo ong dang vi canh khuay CT2
co
ng
knh
d = 1.45161 m (trng hp c tm chn)
Van toc
khuay
(vong/s)
0.0152
0.0182
0.0202
0.0253

Re

Np

P
(W)

300
360
400
500

3.15
2.25
2.05
1.7

0.06058
0.07477
0.09345
0.15136

4.4. o th

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5. BAN LUAN:
5.1. Anh hng cua tam chan en cong suat khuay:
- Trong cac th nghiem, ta luon thay vi cung mot van toc
khuay, trng hp lap tam chan se co chuan so cong suat (hay
cong suat) khuay cao hn so vi khong lap tam chan.
- Khi van toc khuay nho, cong suat khuay khi co va khong co
tam chan chenh lech khong nhieu.V luc nay anh hng lc ly
tam khong ang ke, luc nay cha xuat hien xoay pheu, dong lu
chat khong tac dung nhieu vi tam chan nen anh hng cua
tam chan khong the hien ro.
- Khi van toc khuay ln, lc ly tam cung ln, xuat hien xoay
pheu trong thiet b khong co tam chan.Neu co tam chan, tr lc
can tr dong chay xoay tron cua chat long trong bon khuay
tang, chat long se va ap vao cac tam chan, truyen bt nang
lng, giam van toc, chay theo bien tam chan, khong tao thanh
xoay pheu. Khi o chat long ngoai tiep xuc vi bnh con ma sat
vi tam chan, mat them nang lng , ong thi chat long doi
ngc ve va cham nhieu hn vi canh khuay, nen cong suat khuay
khi co tam chan can phai ln hn. Trong trng hp co tam chan
neu dung mot cong suat bang vi trng hp khong lap tam
chan th do tr lc dong chay o, van toc khuay se at gia tr
thap hn. V vay, e am bao c van toc khuay can thiet, ta

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phai cung cap mot cong suat ln hn trng hp khong lap tam
chan
-Trong bai th nghiem, cong suat khuay (P) c tnh theo cong
thc : P = N P.N3.d5. (W). Co the thay cong suat khuay t le thuan
vi chuan so cong suat khuay NP. Do o co the da vao gian o
cong suat khuay e nhan xet. Ket qua th nghiem thc te tng
oi chnh xac so vi l thuyet. Trng hp lap tam chan chuan so
cong suat khuay cao hn han so vi thanh trn => Cong suat khuay
cao hn.
2. S tieu thu nang lng cua tng loai canh khuay
Vi cung mot loai canh khuay va cung ieu kien th nghiem
ve cac thong so khac, ng knh canh khuay cang ln th nang
lng tieu thu cang ln.
Trong trng hp o, nang lng tieu thu phu thuoc vao tiet
dien vuong goc vi van toc dai cua canh khuay. Tiet dien cang
ln, lc can cua chat long len canh khuay cang lnnang lng
tieu hao e thang lc can o cang ln.
Lc can nay c bieu dien bi phng trnh cua Newton :
dv
P = . A .
dy
Trong o :
P : Lc can (N).
: He so nht ong lc hoc (N.s/m2).
A : Tiet dien vuong goc vi van toc dong chay.
dv/dy : Gradient van toc lu chat theo phng vuong goc dong
chay.
Trong th nghiem, ta thay
- Canh khuay CT2 tieu thu nang lng ln hn canh khuay CT3,
the hien cho cong suat khuay ln hn. V: canh khuay CT2 co
ng knh 3 inch, canh khuay CT3 co ng knh 2.5 inch dien tch
be mat vuong goc van toc dai canh khuay cua canh khuay CT3
ln hn.
- Canh khuay CP2, tuy co ng knh bang vi canh khuay CT3,
tuy nhien cau tao cua no co dang chong chong, phan tiet dien
vuong goc vi van toc dai cua no be hn ca canh khuay CT3 v
the no tieu thu nang lng thap nhat. Co mot iem can lu y la
do cau tao nh chong chong, canh khuay CP2 se lam tang lc ay
theo chieu truc, v vay no se tang cng khuay tron doc.

Xet thc te bai th nghiem, ket qua tng oi chnh xac so vi

l thuyet. Ve gian o so sanh cong suat tieu thu cua cac loai
canh khuay trong trng hp khuay nht (co tam chan va
khong co tam chan) co the thay c moi tng quan nay.

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Nh vay ta co the thay mc tieu thu nang lng cua cac loai
canh khuay lan lt la
CT2 > CT3 > CP2
Ngoai ra, tren o th co mot so iem khong chnh xac la do
sai so trong qua trnh th nghiem.

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3. Khoang cach gia cac van toc trong trng hp

khuay dau ln hn khuay nht:
Theo hng dan th nghiem : vi nht co the chon van toc 200,
400,600, 800 va 1000; vi dau co the chon 50, 400, 700, 900, 1100.
Do o nht cua dau nho hn nhieu so vi nht, ch gan bang
phan na. V vay lc ma sat o c khi khuay dau se nho hn khi
khuay nht. Neu lay khoang van toc khuay hai chat long giong
nhau th khoang cach gia cac lc o c khi khuay dau se
nhokho phan biet. V vay, khoang cach van toc cua th nghiem
khuay dau phai ln hn th nghiem khuay nht e tang khoang
cach cac lc ma sat o cde oc gia tr tren lc ke.
Khi lam th nghiem, van toc chon vi nht 300, 400, 500, 600; vi
dau 200, 300, 400, 500. Khoang cach gia van toc khi o vi dau va
nht khong chenh lech nhau nen oc gia tr co phan kho khan do
bien o dao ong cua lc ke nho.
4. Trong trng hp nao th co xoay pheu ? Xoay pheu
co li hay khong. Co nhng phng an nao lam mat xoay
pheu ? Be mat cua xoay pheu lom xuong hay loi len? Tai
sao?
Chat long khi chuyen ong trong thung khuay chu tac dung
cua trng lc ly tam canh khuay, cho nen be mat thoang
chat long trong thiet b t phang chuyen thanh parabol ma
ay cua no tai tam. Hien tng nay goi la s tao pheu trong
thiet b khuay.

Xoay pheu xuat hien khi van toc xoay cua dong lu chat ln,
lc ly tam u ln, se tao ra mot trng lc can bang vi
trong lc chat long lam cho be mat phan chat long phan bo
theo dang cong lom. Dang cong lom cua xoay c giai thch
theo 2 cach:
+ Theo giai tch:
Mat thoang chat long trong thiet b la mat cong c bieu dien
bi phng trnh:
dz 0 vt2
=
dr
rg
B.N 2 .d 2
Trong o: z0 la o sau cua pheu, z0 = h1 + h2; z 0 =
2g
B- tham so phu thuoc vao thong so phan bo toc o, 1
B = f( ) c
bieu dien tren o th.
h1-khoang cach t mc chat long ban au en en ay
cua lom xoay,m
h2- mc chat long dang len thanh thiet b,m
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GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

Ro rang lay tch phan cua phng trnh tren th z0 = - f(vt , r, g, ) <
0, do vay be mat cua lom xoay (dang parabol) se lom xuong.
+ Theo ban chat: lc ly tam co xu hng em cac phan t chat
long t tam ra ngoai. en thanh bnh, chung b can lai va ong
tai o. V vay mat o cac phan t chat long tam bnh se t hn
ngoai thanh bnh v vay se xuat hien dang lom (do thieu chat
long tam bnh khuay).
Canh khuay chan vt co tac dung tang cng khuay tron doc
nen se t tao xoay pheu hn.

Thng th xoay pheu khong co li,v :

- S tao pheu anh hng khong tot en qua trnh khuay. T
pheu kh co the xam nhap vao moi trng long lam giam hieu
qua cua qua trnh khuay (ta xet khuay chat long), ong thi canh
khuay chu tac dung cua lc phu lam tang cong suat khuay.
- Chat long con co the b ton that do b tran ra ngoai
- Ngoai ra cac chat long em khuay thng co tnh chat vat
ly khac nhau (o nht, khoi lng rieng), nen di tac dung cua
trng lc ly tam co the xuat hien kha nang phan ly (phan lp)
cua cac chat long, lam giam hieu qua cua qua trnh khuay (muc
ch cua khuay la lam giam s khong ong nhat, s phan lp
cua cac chat).

Ngi ta thng tranh kha nang tao xoay pheu bang

cac phng an sau:
+ at lenh tam canh khuay vao be ( thung) khuay: at
nghieng hay at nam ngang, nham lam cho nhng xoay pheu c
tao thanh lech tam se va am vao thanh va doi ngc tr lai,
pha v lom xoay ma khong lam tang dien tch tiep xuc, tang lc
ma sat va tang cong suat ong c.
+ Ghep thanh chan trong thung khuay: Ghep thanh chan thanh
thung, dung vong can, thanh roi dong, cac ong thang ng at
trong thung, cac vong ong . Nhc iem la tang dien tch tiep
xuc lam tang lc ma sat va cong suat cua ong c
Tuy nhien, viec at lech tam canh khuay va ghep thanh chan
trong thung chan se xuat hien them tr lc cuc bo va xuat hien
vung tu => e giam thieu vung tu ta phai tang van toc khuay
tron.
5. Nhan xet mc o tin cay cua phng phap ong
dang.Phan tch trng hp bon 50m3 tren:
Phng phap ong dang la phng phap c ng dung nhieu
trong nghien cu va thiet ke cac he thong. Nguyen tac la hai he
thong ong dang hnh hoc th co the s dung gian o cong suat
cua he thong nho trong th nghiem e suy ra cho he thong ln trong
thc te.Phng phap nay co li la do ta co the tien hanh th
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nghiem quy mo nho, t ton kem, de kiem soat c qua trnh th

nghiem. Tuy mc o tin cay cua phng phap ong dang la khong
cao nhng van co the chap nhan c trong khi cha co mot mo
hnh giai tch chnh xac e tnh toan cac he thong thc.
Mo hnh th nghiem va mo hnh he thong thc ong dang hoan
toan khi ap ng c cac yeu cau
ong dang hnh hoc
ong dang ong hoc
ong dang ong lc hoc
Thc te e at c ca 3 yeu to nay la khong the.Ta ch co the
tao c nhng mo hnh gan ung
* yeu cau ong dang hnh hoc : khi thiet ke that s, ta se
gap sai so khi che tao do thiet b o, do cach oc cac gia tr. mo
hnh nho, sai so co the nho, nhng se b tang len khi chuyen sang
mo hnh ln hn.
Khi cac kch thc khong gian cua 2 mo hnh qua khac biet nhau,
neu dung mot ty le nh nhau cho moi chieu khong gian th co the
mot kch thc nao o tren mo hnh se qua nho khong the th
nghiem c, hoac anh hng cua sc cang be mat tr nen ro
ret, lam sai lech ket qua. Trong trng hp o, ta co the lam mo
hnh vi cac ty le mo hnh khac nhau cho nhieu chieu khong gian.
* yeu cau ong dang ve ong hoc va ong lc hoc: ta
cung khong the xem xet het tat ca cac loai lc tac dung len he
thong. Viec la chon, ch xet nhng lc ang ke a khien mo hnh
tr nen gan ung. Khi mo hnh nho, co nhng lc khong ang
ke, ta co the bo qua, nhng he thong ln, nhng lc o se anh
hng ang ke en qua trnh. V du nh vi he thong ln, khoi
lng lu chat rat ln, ta con phai xet them lc quan tnh.
Nh vay phng phap khuech ai ong dang ch ang tin cay trong
mot khoang bien oi khong ln lam ve kch thc va phai co
cac yeu to hnh hoc hoan toan phu hp. Chnh v vay khi em ap
dung vao thc te ngi ta thng nhan them he so hieu chnh
e phng phap co the hieu qua hn
Phan tch trng hp bon nht 50m3 tren:
Ta thiet ke bon 50m3 theo tieu chuan ong dang hnh hoc (t le
kch thc vi mo hnh th nghiem) va tieu chuan ong hoc (da
vao gian o chuan so cong suat khuay).Do o thiet ke chan
chan co nhieu sai so.
Nguyen nhan
- Qua trnh th nghiem co nhieu sai so (chnh van toc khong
chnh xac,oc lc ke khong chnh xac, sai so khi tnh toan) dan en
ket qua thieu chnh xac.
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- Khi o gap sai so he thong (cua thc o khi o kch thc he

thong, cua lc ke, cua van toc ke)
- He thong thc te co kch thc ln hn nhieu lan so vi
th nghiem nen nhng sai so o se b nhan len nhieu lan, khien
cho viec thiet ke va tien oan khong con chnh xac, kho ap dung
vao he thong.
- ong thi ieu kien van hanh thc te cua bon nht ( nh
nhiet o, ap suat..) cung cha that s la tng ong vi ieu kien
th nghiem

6. Chuyen giao gian o

Sau khi xay dng thanh cong bon cha 50m3, ieu au tien
phai lam o la lam thc nghiem va lap nen gian o NP Re. Sau
o oi chieu vi gian o th nghiem l thuyet. T o xac nh cac
he so hieu chnh. Sau khi a lam xong nhng bc o, ta a co
mot gian o hoan chnh va co the dung gian o o e tnh
toan cho cac thiet b co dung tch ln hn da tren gian o hoan
chnh. Va gian o a lap c co the ap dung e thiet ke cac
thiet b cong nghiep va a vao san xuat theo qui mo cong
nghiep.

6. PHU LUC
* Cac thong so can thiet:
- ng knh bnh nht va dau lan lt : DN = 24cm, Dd = 30cm
- ng knh canh khuay: CT2 : d = 3 inch; CT3 : d = 2,5 inch; CP2 : d =
3 inch
- Khoi lng rieng cua nht va dau lan lt la:
N = 852,15kg / m 3 , d = 811,75kg / m 3
- o nht cua nht va dau lan lt la:
N = 90,89cP = 0.09089 Pa.s

d = 51,84cP = 0.05184 Pa.s

- Chieu cao mc chat long: nht :HN = 16cm; dau : Hd= 25cm
- Chieu cao mc chat long t ay bnh en canh khuay : ZN =
10 cm;
- Be day tam chan: = 3mm , be ngang tam chan : b = 2.5 cm.
* Tnh toan cac gia tr:
N (v / ph)
N (v / s ) =
60
F ( N ) = F (lbf ) 4.45

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Np =

GVHD: Co Nguyen Th Nh Ngoc

P
N d 5
3

d2N

P = 2 .r.F .N

Re =

vi r = 5 inch

*Tnh toan trng hp bon nht thc te 50m3:

D 2
- The tch bon nht th nghiem: VTN =
H = 0.007235 m 3
4
V
- T so ong dang hnh hoc: l = 3 TT = 19.05
VTN
3
Vi VTT = 50m
ng knh bon nht thc te: DTT = D l =4.572m
- ng knh canh khuay thc te: d TT = d l = 1.45161 m
- Chon gia tr N(v/s) sao cho gia tr Re (tnh theo d TT ) gia tr Re
(tnh theo d)
- T gian o Np Re cua canh khuay CT2 trng hp khuay
nht, tra gia tr Np cho trng hp thc te.
5

- Tnh cong suat khuay thc te: PTT = NpN 3 d TT

n v:
1 lbf = 4,45 N
1 inch = 0,0254m
1 v/ph = 1rpm = 1/60 v/s
1 cP = 10-3Pa.s
7. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1].Tap the Tac gia bo mon May & Thiet b Khoa Cong nghe
Hoa hoc & Dau kh Trng ai hoc Bach khoa ai hoc Quoc gia
Tp.Ho Ch Minh, Th nghiem Qua trnh & Thiet b,9/2003.
[2]. Tap the tac gia, So tay Qua trnh & Thiet b Cong nghe Hoa
chat tap 1,Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc & Ky thuat Ha Noi,1992.
[3]. Nguyen van Lua, Qua trnh & Thiet b Cong nghe Hoa hoc &
Thc pham tap 1 Cac Qua trnh & Thiet b C hoc quyen 1Khuay Lang Loc,NXB ai hoc Quoc gia Tp. Ho Ch Minh, 2001.

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