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Thit k b np cqui t ng
Sinh vin
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
N TT NGHIP
Nhim v thit k:
Thit k b np c quy t ng vi cc thng s sau:
+ in p ngun (VAC): 3 x 220 ( 10%).
+ Tn s in p
: 50 Hz
+ Dung lng np
: 40 Ah
+ S lng acqui
: 100
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
LI M U
Trong pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, nhiu thnh tu mi c p
dng vo nhiu lnh vc khc nhau trong cng nghip, p ng y mi nhu
cu s dng ca con ngi. Cng vi s pht trin in_ T ng ho ng
mt vai tr ht sc quan trng. c bit vi in t cng sut l mt chuyn
ngnh ca k thut in t nghin cu v ng dng cc phn t bn dn cng
sut trong cc s bin i v khng ch ngun nng lng in vi cc tham
s khng thay i c thnh ngun nng lng in vi cc tham s c th
thay i c cung cp cho ph ti in.
B chnh lu np acquy t ng c s dng rng ri trong nhiu trng
hp c th l rt quan trng, nu thiu n s khng c ngun in vn hnh, d
tr cho cc my mc thit b m cc ngun nng lng in khc khng th
cung cp c ng thi khng th p ng c cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.
n in t cng sut khng ch l mt bi tp tng hp bt buc ca mi
sinh vin T ng ho m cn l mt c hi gip sinh vin c c hi tm ti ng
dng cng nh th hin tng sng to ca bn thn khi thit k mch in t,
hn na y cn l c hi t kim tra cng c kin thc lm quen v nng cao
kh nng c lp thit k sng to nhng sn phm c gi tr thc t. Do khi
thc hin n chng em c gng cp nht nhng kin thc mi nht, nhng
cng ngh mi trong lnh vc iu khin cc phn t bn dn cng sut. Vi yu
cu thit k b np acquy t ng, chng em c gng tm hiu k v cc
phng n cng ngh sao cho bn thit k va m bo yu cu k thut, yu
cu kinh t. Vi hy vng n l mt bn thit k k thut c th p dng c
trong thc t nn chng em c gng m t c th, t m nh vic lp t b tr
thit b
Mc d chng em rt n lc v c gng tuy nhin y l ln u tin chng
em lm n, trnh hiu bit cn nhiu hn ch nn khng th trnh khi
nhng sai st, chng em mong nhn c s ng gp ca cc thy gip
chng em hiu r hn cc vn cng nh n c hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy V Minh Chnh tn tnh hng dn
gip chng em hon thnh bn n.
Ngy 27 thng 6 nm 2007
Sinh vin
Nguyn Vn Bnh
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
MC LC
LI NI U
CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG V ACQUI
I.Gii thiu chung v acqui.....6
I.1. Cu to ca bnh acqui axit...6
I.1.1. V bnh..6
I.1.2. Bn cc, phn khi bn cc v khi bn cc7
I.1.3.Tm ngn....8
I.1.4. Dung dch in phn.....8
I.1.5. Np, nt v cu ni...............................................................................9
I.2. Qu trnh bin i ho hc trong acqui axit.9
I.3. Cc c tnh ca acqui axit....10
I.3.1. Sc in ng ca acqui axit..10
I.3.2. Dung lng ca acqui axit...11
I.3.3. c tnh phng ca acqui axit.....11
I.3.4. c tnh np ca acqui axit....12
II. Cc phng php np in cho acqui..14
II.1. Phng php np cho acqui vi dng np khng i...14
II.2. Phng php np cho acqui vi in p np khng i...15
II.3. Phng php np dng p.16
II.4. Kt lun.16
CHNG II
PHNG N CHNH LU
I. Vn chung.....18
II. Mt s s chnh lu iu khin Tiristor......18
II.1. Chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha i xng18
II.1.1. S nguyn l..18
II.1.2. Dng in p..19
II.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng...20
II.1.4. Nhn xt.20
II.2. Chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha khng i xng..21
II.2.1. S nguyn l v Dng in p.....21
II.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng...22
II.2.3. Nhn xt.22
II.3. Chnh lu iu khin cu ba pha khng i xng23
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
KT LUN......69
TI LIU THAM KHO70
CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG V ACQUI
---------------------------------I. GII THIU CHUNG V ACQUI.
Acqui l ngun ho hot ng trn c s hai in cc c in th khc nhau,
n cung cp dng in mt chiu cho cc thit b in trong cng nghip cng
nh trong dn dng.
Khi acqui phng ht dung lng ta tin hnh np in cho n v sau acqui
li tip tc phng in c. Acqui c th hin nhiu chu k phng np nn ta
c th s dng c lu di.
Trong thc t k thut c nhiu loi acqui nhng ph bin v thng dng
nht l hai loi acqui : acqui axit (acqui ch ) v acqui kim. Tuy nhin trong
thc t thng dng nht t trc ti nay vn l acqui axit v so vi acqui kim
th acqui axit c mt vi tnh nng tt hn nh:
+ Sc in ng cao (vi acqui xit l 2V, cqui kim l 1,2V ).
+ Trong qu trnh phng, s st p ca acqui axit nh hn so vi acqui kim.
+ Gi thnh ca acqui axit r hn so vi acqui kim.
+ in tr trong ca acqui axit nh hn so vi cqui kim.
V vy trong n ny em chn loi acqui axit nghin cu cng ngh v
thit k ngun np acqui t ng.
I.1. Cu to ca bnh acqui axit (acqui ch).
Bnh acqui thng thng
gm v bnh cc bn cc, cc
1
tm ngn v dung dch in
phn.
2
I.1.1. V bnh:
V bnh acqui axit hin nay
c ch to bng nha bnit
hoc anphantpc hay cao su
3
nha cng chu a-xt v c kh
nng cng vng, chng va
p.
Pha trong v bnh tu theo
in p danh nh ca acqui
m chia thnh cc ngn ring
1.Vu bn cc; 2.Cht tc dng; 3.Ct bn cc
bit v cc vch ngn ny
c ngn cch bi cc ngn
Hnh I.1. Cu to ca bn cc
kn v chc.
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Mi ngn c gi l mt
ngn acqui n.
Trn mi ngn c qui c cc np lm kn, c nt kim tra v b xung dung
dch in phn. Trn nt c l thng hi, trnh cho p sut trong ngn c qui b
tng qu cao trong qu trnh thc hin phn ng ho hc. Cu ni bng ch
ni tip cc ngn ca bnh c qui.
y v bnh c lm cc gn, mt mt lm tng cng cho v, mt khc
cc phn khi bn cc trnh hin tng chp mch bn trong c qui do cc
cht tc dng ri xung y bnh trong qu trnh s dng.
Bn ngoi v bnh c c hnh dng gn chu lc tng bn c v c
th c gn cc quai xch vic di chuyn c d dng hn.
I.1.2. Bn cc, phn khi bn cc v khi bn cc:
Phn khi bn cc gm c: phn khi bn cc dng v phn khi bn cc
m. Phn khi bn cc do cc bn cc cng tn ghp li vi nhau. Cu to ca
mt bn cc trong c qui gm c phn khung xng v cht tc dng trt ln n.
Khung xng ca bn cc dng v m c cu to ging nhau, chng c c
t ch c pha thm 5 8% antimon (Sb) v to hnh dng mt li. Ph gia Sb
thm vo ch s lm tng thm dn in v ci thin tnh c. Trong thnh
phn ca cht tc dng cn c thm khong 3% cht n (cc mui hu c )
tng xp, bn ca lp cht tc dng. Nh tng xp, dung dch in
phn d thm su vo trong lng bn cc, ng thi in tch thc t tham gia
phn ng ho hc ca cc bn cc cng c tng thm. Phn u mi bn cc
c vu, cc bn cc dng ca mi c qui n c hn vi nhau to thnh phn
khi bn cc dng, cc bn cc m hn vi nhau to thnh phn khi bn cc
m. S lng cc cp bn cc trong mi c qui n thng t 5 8, b dy tm
bn cc dng ca cc c qui trc y khong 2mm ngy nay vi cc cng
ngh tin tin gim xung cn t 1,3 1,5 mm, bn cc m thng mng hn
0,2 0,3 mm. S bn cc m trong c qui n nhiu hn s bn cc dng mt
bn nhm tn dng trit din tch tham gia phn ng ca cc bn cc dng.
Cc bn sau khi c trt y cht tc dng c p li, sy kh v thc hin
qu trnh to cc, tc l chng c ngm vo dung dch axit sunfuric long v
np vi dng in mt chiu vi tr s nh. Sau qu trnh nh vy cht tc dng
cc bn cc dng hon ton tr thnh PbO2 ( mu gch sm). Sau cc bn
cc dng c em ra, sy kh v lp rp.
Nhng phn khi bn cc cng tn trong mt acqui c hn vi nhau to
thnh cc khi bn cc v c hn ni ra cc vu cc lm bng ch hnh cn
ni ra ti tiu th.
Vi ch rng, nu ta mun tng dung lng ca cqui th ta phi tng s
tm bn cc mc song song trong mt acqui n. Thng ngi ta ly t 5 8
tm. Cn mun tng in p danh nh ca acqui th ta phi tng s tm bn cc
mc ni tip.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
I.1.3.Tm ngn:
Cc bn cc m v dng c lp xen k vi nhau v cch in nhau bi cc
tm ngn v m bo cch in tt nht cc tm ngn c lm rng hn so
vi cc bn cc.
Cc tm ngn c tc dng chng chp mch gia cc bn ca bn m v
dng, ng thi cc tm bn cc khi b bong ri ra khi s dng acqui.
Cc tm
ngn y phi l cht cch in tt, bn, do, chu c axit v c xp thch
hp khng ngn cn cht in phn thm n cc bn cc.
Cc tm ngn hin nay c ch to t vt liu polyvinyl xp, mn, dy
khong t 0,81,2 mm v c dng mt phng hng v pha bn cc m cn
mt mt c hnh sng hoc g hng v pha bn cc dng nhm to iu kin
cho dung dch in phn d lun chuyn hn n cc bn cc dng v dung
dch lu thng tt hn.
I.1.4. Dung dch in phn:
Dung dch in phn trong bnh acqui l loi dung dch axit sunfric (H2SO4)
c pha ch t axit nguyn cht vi nc ct theo nng qui nh tu thuc
vo iu kin kh hu ma v vt liu lm tm ngn. Nng dng dch axit
sunfric = (1,1 1,3) g/ cm3 . Nng dung dch in phn c nh hng ln
n sc in ng ca acqui.
Nhit mi trng c nh hng ln n nng dung dch in phn vi
cc nc trong vng xch o nng dung dch in phn quy nh khng
qu 1,1g/cm3 . Vi cc nc lnh (vng cc), nng dung dch in phn cho
php ti 1,3g/cm3. Trong iu kin kh hu nc ta th ma h nn chn nng
dung dch khong (1,25 1,26) g/cm3, ma ng ta nn chn nng
khong 1,27g/cm3.. Cn nh rng : nng qu cao s lm chng hng tm
ngn, chng hng bn cc, d b sunfat ho trong cc bn cc nn tui th ca
acqui cng gim i rt nhanh. Nng qu thp th in dung v in p nh
mc ca acqui gim v cc nc x lnh th dung dch vo ma ng d b
ng bng.
Nhng ch khi pha ch dung dch in phn cho acqui:
- Khng c dng axit c thnh phn tp cht cao nh loi k thut thng
thng v nc khng phi l nc ct v dung dch nh vy s lm tng cng
qu trnh t phng in ca acqui.
- Cc dng c pha ch phi lm bng thu tinh, cht do chu axit. Chng phi
sch, khng cha cc mui khong, du m hoc cht bn . . .
- m bo an ton trong khi pha ch, tuyt i khng c nc vo
axit c m phi t t axit vo nc v dng que thu tinh khuy u.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
PbO2+2SO4H2(H2O) + Pb
B/cc dng
D/d in phn
Np in
B/cc m
Bn cc dng
Np no
Phng in kt
Bn cc m
PBO2
Dng dch in
phn
H2SO4
PbSO4
H2O
PbSO4
Pb
Bng I.1: Trnh by trng thi nng lng ca c qui quan h vi qu trnh
bin i ho hc ca cc bn cc v dung dch in phn.
T bng I.1. Ta c nhn xt: Trong qu trnh phng, np, nng dung dch
in phn ca c qui thay i. Khi c qui phng in, nng dung dch in
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
phn gim dn; khi cqui c np in, nng dung dch in phn tng dn.
Do ta c th cn c vo nng dung dch in phn nh gi trng thi
tch in ca cqui.
I.3. Cc c tnh ca acqui axit:
Mi ngn ca bnh acqui l mt acqui n c y cc tnh cht c trng
cho c bnh. S d ngi ta ni tip nhiu ngn li thnh bnh acqui l tng
in p nh mc ca bnh acqui. Do khi nghin cu c tnh ca bnh acqui
ta ch cn kho st mt bnh acqui n l .
I.3.1. Sc in ng ca acqui axit:
* Sc in ng ca acqui axit ph thuc ch yu vo in th trn cc cc,
tc l ph thuc vo c tnh l ho ca vt liu lm cc bn cc v dung dch
in phn m khng ph thuc vo kch thc ca cc bn cc.
10
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
I
(A)
2,11
1,95
1,75
1.
5
Khong
ngh
U
Vng phng in
cho php
0,5
Cp= Ip tp
tgh
t(h)
20
11
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
T th ta c cc nhn xt sau:
Trong khong thi gian phng t tp =0 cho ti im tp = tgh, sc in ng,
in p v nng dung dch in phn gim dn, tuy nhin trong khong thi
gian ny dc ca cc th l khng ln, ta gi l giai on phng n nh
hay thi gian phng in cho php tng ng vi mi ch phng in (dng
in phng ) ca acqui.
T thi im tgh tr i, dc ca th thay i t ngt nu ta tip tc cho
acqui phng in sau tgh th sc in ng, in p ca acqui s gim rt nhanh,
mt khc cc tinh th sunfat ch (PbSO 4) to thnh trong phn ng s c dng
th, rn, kh ho tan ( bin i ho hc) trong qu trnh np in tr li cho
acqui sau ny. Thi im tgh gi l gii hn phng in cho php ca acqui, cc
gi tr Ep,Up, ti tgh gi l cc gi tr gii hn phng in cho pho php ca
acqui.
Sau khi ngt mch phng mt khong thi gian, cc gi tr sc in ng,
in p ca acqui, nng ca dung dch in phn li tng ln, ta gi l thi
gian hi phc hay khong ngh ca acqui, thi gian phc hi ny ph thuc vo
ch phng in ca cqui (dng in phng v thi gian phng ).
nh gi kh nng cung cp in ca acqui c cng in p danh ngha,
ngi ta quy nh so snh dung lng phng in thu c ca acqui khi tin
hnh
th nghim ch phng in cho php l 20h. Dung lng phng trong
trng hp ny c k hiu l C20.
12
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
I (A)
Thit k b np cqui t ng
U,E (V)
Bt u si
2,4V
2,7V
Un
2,4V
Eaq
Eo
2,1V
Khong
ngh
1,95V
Vng
np no
Vng np chnh
10
Cn= In tn
t,h
(2 3) h
ts
10
13
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Un
A
R
R
-
14
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
R=
U n 2,0 N aq
In
15
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
16
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
A
+
V Un
A
-
10 dy
10 acqui
Hnh I.6. Phng php np in cho acqui
17
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
CHNG II
PHNG N CHNH LU
-----------------------------I. VN CHUNG.
B chnh lu l thit b dng chuyn i ngun xoay chiu thnh ngun
in mt chiu nhm cung cp cho ph ti in mt chiu.
Trong k thut c nhiu phng n chnh lu nh: chnh lu khng iu
khin (chnh lu it), chnh lu iu khin (chnh lu tiristor), chnh lu mt
pha, ba pha, su pha.
Tu thuc vo yu cu c th m ta chn la cc phng n chnh lu ph
hp nhm p ng c cc ch tiu v mt k thut v kinh t.
V yu cu l chnh lu iu khin nn ta chn phng n chnh lu tiristor v
sau y l mt s s chnh lu iu khin Tiristor c bn.
II. MT S S CHNH LU IU KHIN TIRISTOR.
II.1. Chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha i xng.
II.1.1. S nguyn l.
Ti : R + L
U1
~
T4
T1
T3
T2
Ld
Rd
18
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
II.1.2. Dng in p.
UG
G1
G2
G1
t
U
0
Ud
t
id
t
I T1
t
IT2
t
i1
t
Ung
t
19
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
2 .U 2 .sin .d =
Ud
Id
2
20
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
U1
~
T2
0
iT1
D1
Rd
0
id
T1
D2
iD2
Ld
iT2
iD1
0
i2
/2
21
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
+ Dng in qua van Tiristor: IT = 2 Id
1
2
+ Dng in th cp: I2 = Id
+
Idd = 2 Id
22
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
UC
UB
UA
Uc
Ub
Ua
D4
T1
D6
T3
D2
T5
Rd
Hnh II.3. Mch chnh lu iu khin i
xng cu 3F.
23
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
II.3.2. Dng in p.
T1
ua
T3
ub
T5
uc
T1
ua
D6
D2
D4
D6
Ud
D2
Id
iT1
iD4
ia
Id
Id
Id
24
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Ud2 =
Vy :
Ud =
3
2
3
2
11
2U 2 sin d =
3 6U 2
cos
2
2U 2 sin d =
3 6U 2
2
6
11
3 6U 2
(1 + cos )
2
in p th cp my bin p:
U a = 39 sin
2
)
3
2
U c = 39 sin( +
)
3
U b = 39 sin(
Ud
R
IT = I D =
Id
3
Gi tr in p ngc ln nht:
U ng max = 6U 2
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
25
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
S ba =
Pd
26
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
CHNG III
TNH TON THIT K MCH LC
I. S mch lc.
~
AT
T1
T2
C0
R0
R0
C0
D1
D2
RS
A
Rf
10 dy
10 acqui
27
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
2U 2
(1 + cos ) .
in p Ud t max khi gc = 0.
U2 =
in tr np:
R=
U n 2,0.N aq
In
162 2.60
= 0,05
40
3,14 0,52
= 40.
= 16,68 A .
2
2.3,14
+
3,14 + 0,52
= 40.
= 23,31A .
2
2.3,14
28
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
I2 = Id 1
0,52
= 40. 1
= 36,54 A
3,14
Chn van:
m bo cho cc van hot ng tt chng ta chn van phi nhn thm h
s d tr :
+ H s d tr v in p: ku = 1,6.
+ H s d tr v dng in: ki =1,2.
+ Chn van chu c in p ngc :
I T = 1,2.16,68 = 20 A
Do vy tra s tay ta c:
Chn 2 Tiristor T35N500BOF(bng p.2 trang 211 sch Tnh ton v thit k
cc thit b in t cng sut _Trn Vn Thnh) c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Dng in lm vic cc i: Im = 35A.
+ in p ngc cc i t nn van: Ung = 500V.
+ Tn tht in p: U = 2V.
+ thi gian chuyn mch(m v kho): tcm = 120s.
+ Gi tr dng iu khin: Ig = 120 mA.
+ in p iu khin: Ug = 1,4 V.
+ Dng in t gi: Ih = 200mA.
+ Dng in r: Ir = 20mA.
+ Nhit lm vic cc i: Tmax = 125 0C.
Chn 2 Dit S6460P-G (bng p.1 trang 211 sch Tnh ton v thit k cc
thit b in t cng sut _Trn Vn Thnh) c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Dng in chnh lu cc i: Imax =30A.
+ in p cc ca it : Ung = 500V.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
29
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
UAC
Mch bo v qu p
Dng in dng in v in p
Mch R C u song song vi Tiristor nhm bo v qu in p do tch t
in tch khi chuyn mch gy nn.
Mch R C u gia cc pha th cp ca my bin p l bo v qu in p
do ng ct ti ( dng in t ho ) my bin p gy nn.
30
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
U im. p
b.U im
+ k - h s qu in p.
+ U imp - gi tr cc i cho php ca in p thun v ngc t nn Dit hoc Tiristor mt cch chu k.
+ b h s d tr v in p, b =1 2, ly b = 1,6.
+ U im gi tr cc i in p thc t t nn Dit hoc
Tiristor
U im = U ng = 254,42V
Nh vy ta c:
k=
U im. p
b.U im
500
= 1,23
1,6.254,42
+ Xc nh d
t
2U 2 sin(t + ) = LC
di
dt
di
dt
=
max
=
max
di
dt
2U 2
(vi LC = 0,2mH).
LC
2U 2
=
LC
2 .179,9 3
.10 = 1265,72.10 3 A / s 1,27 A / s
0,2
di
+ Xc nh Q, s dng cc ng cong Q = f( I , d )
t
31
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Vi I d = 40 A;
Thit k b np cqui t ng
di
= 1,27 A / s (tra trong th hnh X.10 trang 263
dt
*
Rmin
2.Q *
2.30.6
.C min =
= 1,41F
U im
254,42
L.U im
L.U im
*
R Rmax
2Q
2Q
0,56
0,2.10 3.254,42
0,2.10 3.254,42
1
,
2
2.30.10 6
2.30.10 6
16,31 R 34.95
S2
C. f
Trong : - C = 1 : S tr mch t
- S2 = 6573,55 : Cng sut MBA
- f =50 : Tn s ngun
- K = 5 6 chn K = 5
Q =5
6573 ,55
= 57 ,33(cm 2 )
1.50
ng knh tr:
d=
4Q
=
4.57,33
= 8,5cm
3,14
32
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
h
= 2,3 H = M.D = 2,3 x 8,5 = 19,55(cm)
d
U1
220
=
= 158
4,44. f .QFe .BT 4,44.50.57,33.10 4.1,1
(vng)
U2
179,9
.W1
.158 = 130
U1
. = 220
(vng)
+ Dng in s cp ca my bin p l:
I1 =
U 2 .I 2 179,9.36,54
=
= 29.88 A
U1
220
I 1 29,88
=
= 10,8(mm 2 )
J1
2,75
I 2 36,54
=
= 13,28(mm 2 )
J2
2,75
33
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
CHNG IV
THIT K V TNH TON MCH IU KHIN
I. MC CH V YU CU.
- Mch iu khin l khu rt quan trng trong b bin i tiristor, n c vai
tr quyt nh n cht lng, tin cy ca b bin i. Mch iu khin rt a
dng nhng vi h thng mch lc c th ca mch np cn c mt h iu
khin thch ng. Vi mch ny, h iu khin s pht xung m hai tiristor T1,
T2. Cc tiristor s m khi tho mn ng thi hai iu kin:
- Mt in p dng ln t ln hai cc ca tiristor theo hng t ant n
katt.
- Xung in p dng a vo cc iu khin ln v bin , rng.
lm thay i in p ra ti ch cn thay i thi im pht xung iu
khin, tc l thay i gc m cu cc van. u im ca tiristor l ch cn dng
v p iu khin nh nhng c th chu c p v dng rt ln chy qua.
- H thng mch iu khin phi p ng c cc yu cu sau:
+ Pht xung iu khin chnh xc vo ng thi im m ngi thit k
tnh ton sn.
+ Cc xung iu khin pht ra phi ln v bin v rng m cc
van.
+ Xung iu khin phi c i xng cao v m bo c phm vi iu
chnh gc m .
+ Dng xung c iu chnh thch hp v tc ng nhanh.
+ m bo hot ng tt, tin cy cao khi in p ngun thay i gi tr
bin .
Ngoi ra h thng iu khin phi c nhim v n nh dng in ra ti v
bo v h thng khi xy ra s c qu dng hay ngn mch ti.
34
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Uta
KX
BC
BAX
Uk
Uph
BK
Ud
Trong :
Ung: in p ngun
Uk: in p iu khin
II.1.Nguyn tc iu khin:
iu chnh gc m ca cc tirisor trong na chu k in p dng ta
thng dng hai nguyn tc iu khin: thng ng tuyn tnh v thng ng
arccos.
II.1.1. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh:
ur
ur m
uc
35
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
36
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
ur
Uc
ur
0
t
uc
(ur + uc)
Hnh 4.3: Nguyn tc iu khin thng
ng ARCCOS
Um.cos =uc.
Do :
uc
=arccos U m
Khi uc=0 th = 2 .
Khi uc = -Um th = .
Nh vy, khi iu chnh ucmt tr uc= +Um n tr uc= -Um, ta c th iu
chnh c gc m t 0 n .
Nguyn tc iu khin ny c s dng trong cc thit b chnh lu i hi
cht lng cao.
II.2. Khu ng pha (F):
C nhim v to in p trng pha vi in p th cp bin p mch lc.
Khu ny c chc nng xc nh im gc tnh gc iu khin . V vy n
c gc pha lin h cht ch vi in p mch lc. Thng thng khu ng pha
cn lm nghim v cch ly gia mch lc in p cao vi mch iu khin in
p thp.
37
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
D2D3
R2
R0
Ung
D3
D4
Hnh IV.1: S khi ng pha.
Tn hiu ng b c th ly t bin p lc cng c th ly
t mt bin p khc. Do trong mch iu khin c nhiu khu
s dng ngun in p thp nn chng ta dng mt bin p c
qun nhiu cun dy th cp, mi cun c mt chc nng ring
bit, trong s dng cun c in p 0V-12V-24V dng cho
khu ng b. Mch to xung ng b c ly t in p li U
= 220V, f=50Hz, trng pha vi in p t nn cun s cp
ca bin p ng lc. Hai it D2 v D3 lm nhim v chnh
lu to ra tn hiu U1 lm ngng so snh vi tn hiu mt
chiu.
Gi tr in p mt chiu sau chnh lu l:
U1 =
1
2
2U 2 sin d =
2 2
U 2 = 0,9.U 2 = 0,9.12 = 10,8V
+E
1
U0
R3 R3
_ OA2 R5 2
R5
+
R4 R4
D11
38
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
u1
u0
0
urss
t
0
u2
2U 2 sin 5 0 (IV.1)
Chc nng ring bit, trong s dng cun c in p 0V12V-24V dng cho khu ng b. Mch to xung ng b c
ly t in p li U = 220V, f=50Hz, trng pha vi in p t
nn cun s cp ca bin p ng lc. Hai it D2 v D3 lm
nhim v chnh lu to ra tn hiu U1 lm ngng so snh vi
tn hiu mt chiu.
T phng trnh IV.1 ta c U 0 = 2 .12. sin 5 0 = 2.12.0,087 = 1,48V .
U
0
Ta c : R = R + R
4
3
4
1,48
12
=
R4
R3 + R4
1,48( R3 + R4 ) = 12 R4
1,48 R3 = 10,52 R4
R3
= 7,1
R4
39
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
C1
R6
-E
R7 3
+ OA3
u2
t
0
u3
0
40
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
E
= I C = const
R6
t
U R6
1
1 E
E
= UC =
I C dt =
dt =
t
C 0
C 0 R6
R6 C
URC
URC
SS
t
Uk
t
Hnh IV.6. B iu ch
u
0
urss
u3
OA3
R8
(4)
D6
udk
t
urss
t
0
u
41
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
20
R11
RS
OA6 R3
R22
_
R12
R25
R15
R24
4 R14
-E
VR1
_ OA7 5
4066
R13 R23
42
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Rf
R31
R28
4066
OA8
OA9
+E
VR2
R17
= 1 . Mch phn hi in p lm
R16
43
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
R32
Rf
OA10
R33
D14
+E
VR2
44
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Uc
R
R3010
R29
R28R13
t2
t3
Ur
+ OA11
C2
t1
R12
D6
U9
0
E
R13 , khuych i thut ton lt trng thi Ur =
R12 + R13
U r max + U 0
2R
) = R11 .C. ln(1 + 13 )
U r max U 0
R12
45
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
D10
T2
R14
T3
R17
46
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
tb
B
0,3
= 8.10 3
6
H
1
,
25
.
10
.
30
= 0
=
Th tch li thp:
V = Q.l =
tb . 0 .t x .s x .U 1.I1
B 2
Trong :
- tb : t thm trung bnh ca li st.
- 0 : t thm ca khng kh(1,25.10-6).
- tx: rng xung
- U1 : in p s cp
- I1 : dng in s cp
- sx : Mc st bin xung()
Thay s vo ta c :
V =
47
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
- S vng dy th cp :
w1
73
w2 = m = 3 = 25 vng
0,04
= 0,01mm 2
4
ng knh dy qun s cp :
d1 =
4S1
=
4.0,01
= 0,11mm
3,14
=0,095(mm ),
ng
knh
d1
0,11(mm),
trng
lng
0,0845gam/m.
Tit din dy qun th cp:
I2
0,12
S2 = J 2 = 4 = 0,03 mm2
48
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
4S 2
=
d2 =
4.0,03
3,14 = 0,2 mm
=0,03142(mm ),
ng
knh
d2
0,2(mm),
trng
lng
0,279gam/m.
- Kim tra h s lp y:
S1 w 1 + S 2 w 2
d 12 w 1 + d 22 w 2
0,112.73 + 0,03 2.25
d2
(. )
4
d2
22 2
kl =
=
=
49
I C 5 40
=
= 0,8( mA)
50
=
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Dng in nh mc : Im = 10 (mA)
7812
D1
D1
D1
D1
C1
C3
C2
C4
7912
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
+12V
50
-12V
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
78L
CC
79L
CC
Hnh4.16:S b tr
chn.
Tnh ton my bin p ngun:
0V
U21
12V
U22
24V
0V
Ung
U23
18V
U24
36V
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
51
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
P
30
=
= 0,136 A
U 1 220
k
P
1,2
30
= 0,22cm 2
- S vng dy cun s cp l:
W1 = n0.U1 = 54.220 = 11880 vng.
- S vng dy cun th cp l:
Cun 12V: W21 = W22 = n0.U = 54.12 = 648 vng.
Cun 18V: W23 = W24 = n0.U = 54.18 = 972 vng.
- Dng in trong cc cun th cp:
I 21 = I 22 =
W1
W
11880
.I 1 = 1 .I 1 =
.0,136 = 2,5 A
W21
W22
648
I 23 = I 24 =
W1
W
11880
.I 1 = 1 .I 1 =
.0,136 = 1,66 A
W23
W24
972
52
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
Cun
S1 =
12V:
I 1 1,36
=
= 0,272 mm 2
J
5
(chn J = 5A/mm2)
S 21 = S 22 =
I 21 I 22 2,5
=
=
= 0,5mm 2
J
J
5
(chn
5A/mm2)
+
Cun
18V:
S 23 = S 24 =
I 23 I 24 1,66
=
=
= 0,33m 2
J
J
5
(chn
5A/mm2)
- ng knh dy th cp l:
+ Cun s cp:
+ Cun 12V:
d1 =
4.S1
=
d 21 = d 22 =
+ Cun 18V:
d 23 = d 24 =
4.0,272
= 0,59mm
4.S 21
=
4.S 23
=
4.S 22
=
4.S 24
=
4.0,5
= 0,8mm
.
4.0,33
= 0,65mm
53
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
&
&
&
&
7
12 11 10
+
_
+
_
3 4 5
+Vcc
54
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
13
(V/s).
- Mch s dng mt phn t o ly t IC7404 c s b
tr chn nh hnh v:
Vcc
14
55
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
+E
OA1
D1
R3
+E
R16
R1
R4
D9
D8
AND
D10
T2
R5
D3
R17
D5
R0
OA3
R8
C1
T3
R14
T1
+E
R9
R18
R7
D4
-E
OA5
OA4
D2
AND
Udk
R2
D12
D6
D11
D13
T4
T5
R15
R19
OA2
R21
R25
R20
R34
4066
R11
RS
OA6
OA7
+E
VR1
R26
R31
R28
7404
R10
C2
4066
D7
R12
OA8
R13
OA9
+E
VR2
OA10
R33
Rf
D14
+E
VR3
56
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
II.12.2. Dng in p.
u1
u0 ttttttt t
uu000080
t
u
954
II.12.3. Nguynuu0l
hot
ng.
u
u
3
dk t
276
Tn hiu xoay chiu U1 sau khi c chnh lu bi D3, D4 s c so snh
vi in p Uo to ra tn hiu ng b U2 qua b khuch i OA1. Tn hiu
ny tng ng vi thi im m in p ngun i qua im khng.
Khi tn hiu ng b dng s m bng T1 gim in p trn t C v 0.
Khi tn hiu ng b m, Tranzito T1 kho t C1 c np in theo cng thc:
Et
Uc = R7
57
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
PH L C
M PHNG TRN MY TNH
M phng l phng php m hnh ho da trn c s xy dng cc m hnh
ton hc. Cho php gii quyt thnh cng vi mc kh khn c gim i
nhiu ln. Bn cht ca phng php m phng l lm sao xy dng cc m
hnh s h thng, trong h thng c th c chia thnh cc h nh hn, thm
ch cc khu chc nng.
Lnh vc in t cng sut cng c ng dng rng ri vi nhiu phn mm
nh: PSPICE, SABER, PSIM, TINA,....
Sau y l phn mm ELECTRONIC WORKBENCH MULTISIM V6.02
dng m phng hot ng cu s mch iu khin:
58
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
S :
59
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
60
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
61
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
62
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
in p rng ca v in p iu khin:
in p ra ca khu iu ch (4):
63
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
in p ti im 6:
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
64
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
65
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
in p ti im 7:
66
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
in p iu khn ti im 8:
67
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
in p iu khin ti im 9:
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh
68
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
KT LUN
Sau mi tun thc tp tt nghip di s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy
gio V Minh Chnh chng em c thit k b np acqui t ng. Da trn
c s nhng kin thc c hc, ti liu tham kho, cng vi s hng dn
nhit tnh ca thy gio. Qua t thc tp ny chng em tip thu c nhiu
kinh nghim. Bit vn dng nhng kin thc mnh hc vo trong thc tin
cuc sng
Nhim v thc tp c hon thnh vi s n lc ca bn thn, song do
kinh nghim thc t cn hn ch, thi gian khng di nn vn khng trnh khi
nhng sai st. Em rt mong c s gp thm ca thy gio v cc bn quyn
n ca em c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
Sinh vin
Nguyn Vn Bnh
69
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
70
Lp: TH2_CK49
n tt nghip
Thit k b np cqui t ng
71
Lp: TH2_CK49