Ph lc A

(Quy nh)

Mu phiu ly mu hin trng

C QUAN CH QUN

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

N V QUN L CNG TRNH

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
......Ngy .....thng ......nm.......

Phiu s:........
PHIU LY MU HIN TRNG.
t ly mu..........ngy ly mu/../.
1. Tn cng trnh thu li:................................................................................................
2. Tn ngi ly mu:.....................................................................................................
3. V tr ly mu: ...
To :

X:..

Y:..

(i vi trng hp ly mu khng thuc cc im quan trc c nh trong mng gim st phi m

t y ngi khc c th tm thy v tr chnh xc m khng cn hng dn g thm).
4. S lng mu ly:....
5. iu kin thi tit lc ly mu:(ghi r nng, ma, gi, ...).................
6. iu kin dng chy: ( ghi nhng thay i ng ch v dng chy trc khi ly mu, cm
nhn v mu sc, mi, v)..
BNG THNG TIN MU LY HIN TRNG
TT

Tn k
hiu
mu

Thi
gian ly
mu

Kt qu o cc ch tiu ti hin trng

Nhit

pH

dn
in

DO

Cc ch
tiu
khc
(nu
c)

Thng tin v
lu gi mu
(ghi
r
phng php
bo
qun
mu, loi ho
cht dng
lu mu...)

Ghi ch
ngun
nc ti
ni
ly
mu

7.Cc thng tin khc v tnh hnh nhim bt thng xung quanh v tr ly mu
......................................................................................................................................................
.

Ngi ly mu
K v ghi r h v tn

Ph lc B

(Quy nh)

Mu phiu kt qu phn tch mu nc

C QUAN CH QUN

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

N V PHN TCH MU

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
......Ngy .....thng ......nm.......
Biu s:.......

PHIU KT QU PHN TCH MU NC

(t ly mu..........ngy........thng........nm.....)
1. Tn k hiu mu:............................. Thi gian ly mu: ...............................................
2. V tr ly mu:......................................................................................................................
3. Tn ngi phn tch:..........................................................................................................
4. Ngy phn tch:...................................................................................................................

BNG TNG HP CC CH TIU PHN TCH MU NC

TT

Ch tiu phn tch

n
v
tnh

Gi tr

Phng php
phn tch

(Cc ch tiu phn tch nh

pH,DO,COD, kim loi,...)

Ngi kim tra

Ngi phn tch

K v ghi r h tn

K v ghi r h tn

Ghi ch

Ph lc C
(Quy nh)
Mu bo co ly mu v o c hin trng
(p dng khi lm bo co sau mi t o c, ly mu ti hin trng)
C QUAN CH QUN

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

N V QUN L CNG TRNH

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
......Ngy .....thng ......nm.......

BO CO LY MU V O C HIN TRNG
(t ly mu.........ngy........thng.......nm......)

1 Hin trng cng trnh v cc iu kin t nhin

a) M t v dng chy, hin trng cng trnh, hin trng ngun nc trong thi gian o c, quy
trnh vn hnh h thng cng trnh thu li.
b) M t v hin trng ngun nc xung quanh v tr ly mu trong thi gian o c.
c) Cc iu kin kh tng, thu vn trong thi gian o c.

2 Cc vn quan trc
a) Mng gim st cht lng nc: M t v mng gim st cht lng nc bao gm cc v tr
ly mu c nh v khng c nh.
b) Hin trng cc ngun x thi vo cng trnh thu li, cc im nhim (tng, gim nhim).
c) Tng hp qu trnh quan trc ti hin trng: (m t v thi gian ly mu, s mu c ly ti
cc im quan trc, cc v tr ly mu mi b sung ...).
d) Bng tng hp mu c ly ti cc v tr quan trc km theo cc s liu o c ti hin
trng.

3 Nhn xt chung
S b v cht lng nc trong h thng trn c s nh gi cc kt qu o c cc ch tiu cht
lng nc ngay ti thc a, nh gi v nhim ca cc ngun x thi.

4 Kin ngh
Kin ngh iu chnh mng quan trc (nu c) hoc iu chnh tn sut quan trc ca mng, v tr
ngun nhim cn c x l ngay...

5 Ph lc
- Phiu ghi ly mu hin trng;
- Bn mng gim st cht lng nc.
Ph lc D

(Quy nh)

Mu bo co cht lng nc
(p dng khi lm bo co cht lng nc nh k theo thng, qu, nm)
C QUAN CH QUN

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

N V QUN L CNG TRNH

c lp - T do Hnh phc
......Ngy .....thng ......nm.......

BO CO CHT LNG NC
1 Gii thiu chung
- M t v nhng din bin ca thi tit trong thi on quan trc;
- M t v hin trng cng trnh thu li, iu kin dng chy trong thi on quan trc;
- M t v tnh hnh s dng nc trong h thng;
-

M t v mng gim st cht lng nc (thng k cc v tr ly mu c nh, v tr ly mu

khng c nh, nhng iu chnh thay i v v tr ly mu, hin trng ngun nc xung quanh khu
vc ly mu).

2 Tng hp qu trnh quan trc hin trng

- Tng hp s lng mu ly, thi gian ly mu n thi im lp bo co (theo bng)
TT

Tn k hiu mu

Thi gian ly

S lng mu

Ghi ch
(Ghi ch s lng
mu ly thm so
vi quy inh, cc
v tr ly mu mi
thit lp)

- Phng php ly mu ti hin trng

- Phng php bo qun mu

3 Cc ch tiu v phng php phn tch mu

- Tng hp cc ch tiu phn tch ti mi v tr gim st
TT

Tn k hiu mu

Ch tiu phn
tch

Ghi ch
(Ghi ch cc ch tiu phn tch
thm ngoi cc ch tiu phn tch
theo quy nh)

- Cc phng php phn tch i vi tng ch tiu

4 Cht lng nc trong h thng cng trnh thu li t ....n (ghi theo thi gian
quan trc)
4.1 nh gi cht lng nc trong h thng theo khng gian

- Lp biu / th biu th din bin cc thng s cht lng nc theo trc knh ti, tiu, ti
cc v tr ly nc phc v sn xut, sinh hot;
+ Trc ngang biu biu th tr s ch tiu cht lng nc;
+ Trc ng biu th v tr ly mu (nh theo m k hiu v tr ly mu).
- nh gi v din bin cht lng nc theo khng gian, theo trc knh ti, tiu (tng, gim
nhim, nguyn nhn gy gia tng nhim.)
+ nh gi cht lng nc so vi yu cu cp nc ca ngun nc (t yu cu/ khng t
yu cu);
+ nh gi cc nguyn nhn gy nhim cht lng nc.
CH THCH Khi nh gi cn ch r ang p dng tiu chun cht lng nc no so snh.

4.2 nh gi cht lng nc trong h thng theo thi gian

- Lp biu dng ct hoc th biu din s liu cc ch tiu cht lng nc bin ng theo
thi gian ti cc im gim st:
+ Trc ng biu biu th tr s ch tiu cht lng nc
+ Trc ngang biu th im gim st (nh theo m k hiu im gim st)
- nh gi v din bin cht lng nc theo thi gian
+ Nhn nh v din bin cc ngun nc thi x vo cng trnh thu li ( nhim, khng
nhim) cc ngun nhim chnh v nhim mi pht sinh (so snh vi cc ch tiu quy nh
trong cc tiu chun cht lng nc hin hnh);
+ nh gi cht lng nc so vi yu cu cp nc ca ngun nc theo quy nh trong cc
tiu chun cht lng nc hin hnh (t yu cu/ khng t yu cu);
CH THCH Khi nh gi cn ch r ang p dng tiu chun cht lng nc no so snh.

4.3 Kt lun chung v cht lng nc trong h thng

- nh gi cht lng nc trong h thng theo khng gian, theo trc knh chnh trong ch
r cc ngun nhim chnh v nhim mi pht sinh, nguyn nhn gy tng, gim nhim
cht lng nc;
- nh gi cht lng nc theo thi gian, nhng nguyn nhn gy gia tng cc ch tiu nhim
cht lng nc;
- nh gi chung v cht lng nc c m bo cc yu cu v cht lng nc cp cho sn
xut, sinh hothay khng.

5 Kin ngh
+ Nhng kin ngh v gim thiu nhim;
+ Cc kin ngh iu chnh mng gim st, cc chng trnh iu tra b sung (nu c).

6 Ph lc
- Bn mng gim st cht lng nc
- Phiu ly mu hin trng
- Phiu phn tch mu nc
- Bo co ly mu v o c hin trng
-

Bng tng hp cc ch tiu cht lng nc ti cc im quan trc theo tng thi on quan

trc (tng hp t cc s liu ca phiu phn tch mu nc v phiu ly mu hin trng).

Bng tng hp phn tch cht lng nc
Thi gian quan trc: t........n............
TT

Tn im quan trc

Ch tiu cht lng nc

pH

DO

BOD

(Thng k theo cc im
quan trc ca mng gim
st

.....
(Cc
ch
tiu
cht
lng nc
khc)

- th hoc biu biu din s liu tng ch tiu cht lng nc theo khng gian v thi gian
Mu ba bo co cht lng nc
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc

BO CO CHT LNG NC

H thng cng trnh thu li........

Thi gian t .............n...............

Th trng n v
(k tn v ng du)

Ngi lp
(k v ghi r h tn)

Ph lc E

(Tham kho)

Cc quy nh v ly mu
E.1 Quy nh ly mu nc trong knh c dng chy
E.1.1 Thit b ly mu
Nhng yu t mong mun khi chn bnh cha mu l: - bn chc; - d y kn; - d m; - chu
nhit; - khi lng, dng v kch c hp l; - d lm sch v c th dng li; - d kim v gi r.
Bnh cha mu cn chng c s mt mt cht do hp th, bay hi, v nhim bi cc cht l.
Cc bnh polyetylen, polyropylen, polycacbonat v thu tinh l thch hp cho hu ht cc tnh
hung ly mu. Cc bnh thu tinh c u im l mt trong ca chng d nhn thy v chng c
th c kh trng trc khi dng ly mu vi sinh vt.
Cn dng bnh thu tinh khi mun phn tch cc cht hu c, trong khi cc bnh polyetylen nn
dnh ng mu xc nh nhng cht chnh c trong thu tinh (th d natri, kali, bo, silic) v mu
xc nh vt cc kim loi. Tuy nhin cc bnh polyetylen c th l khng thch hp cho mt s mu
xc nh vt kim loi (nh thu ngn) v ch nn dng chng nu cc php th s b ch ra nhng
mc nhim chp nhn c.
Nu dng bnh thu tinh gi nc c m yu th nn chn thu tinh bosilicat thay cho thu
tinh xa.
E.1.1.1 Ly mu th cng
ly mu phn tch ho hc thng ch cn nhng mt bnh rng ming (th d x hoc ca)
xung ngay di mt nc. Nu cn ly mu mt su nh (hoc ly mu cc kh ho
tan) th nht thit phi dng cc thit b khc nh thit b nhng v thit b c ng h:
* Thit b nhng
Cc thit b ny gm nhng bnh kn cha khng kh (hoc kh tr) v c nhng xung nc
n mt su nh nh mt cy cp. Mt b phn m np bnh (th d mt l xo) v n c chon
ch khng kh n y bnh. Nu trong thit b c bnh thch hp, c th ly mu kh ho tan.
* Thit b c ng h
Loi ny cha mt ng bnh tr h c hai u v hai np hoc nt va kht g trn bn l. Hai np
c m khi thit b c nhng ti su cn thit. Sau thit b hot ng nh sc nng ca
dy cp th xung v l xo c nh ra, lm cc np hoc nt c ng cht. Cc thit b kiu
ny ch hot ng c khi dng nc c th t do i qua ng m.
* Bm
Ly mu bng bm l phng php ph bin. Bm thng dng l loi nhng ht v loi nhu
ng. Chn bm ph thuc vo tnh hung ly mu.
[Chi tit phn thit b nhng v thit b c ng h xem trong TCVN 6663-6 (ISO 5667-6:1990)].

Khi ly mu lp nc trn mt phn tch vi sinh (c bit l vi khun) thng s dng cc bnh
c dung tch t nht l 250 ml v c nt vn, nt thu tinh nhm hoc loi nt khc c th kh
trng c v bc trong giy nhm. Nu dng nt vn th giong cao su silicon phi chu c
nhit kh trng trong ni hp 121 oC hoc 160 oC. Nu s nhim vi khun t tay c th
s nh hng th buc bnh vo que hoc kp (xem phn ly mu phn tch vi sinh).
E.1.1.2 Thit b ly mu t ng
Thit b loi ny dng tt trong nhiu tnh hung ly mu sng v sui v n cho php ly cc
mu lot m khng cn s can thip ca con ngi. Thit b loi ny l rt hu dng trong vic ly
mu t hp v nghin cu nhng thay i cht lng nc theo thi gian.
Cc thit b ly mu t ng c th l loi lin tc hay gin on v c th hot ng theo thi
gian hoc theo dng chy.
E.1.2 Phng php ly mu
Ly mu phn tch l ho hc
Trng hp ly mu di b mt (v d 50 cm t b mt) ch cn nhng bnh (x, ca) vo dng
chy, sau chuyn nc vo bnh cha mu. Cng c th nhng trc tip bnh cha mu xung
dng chy. Cn trnh ly mu lp b mt, tr khi l yu cu.
Khi mun ly mu su nh, cn dng thit b ly mu c bit (xem phn thit b nhng
v thit b c ng h).
H thng ly mu sng cn chn v lp t cn thn trnh tc ng vo do cc ht rn
trong nc. Cn bo v li vo bng cch qun li th v li tinh, thng xuyn kim tra v
loi b cc mnh tch t.
Cn bo v h thng ly mu ni t (v d b sng) khi b ph hoi v nhng tc ng khc
nh nhit cao. Phi loi b phn nc ban u khi dng cc h thng bm. iu ny cng c
th xy ra khi dng bm nhu ng nh trong nhiu my ly mu t ng xch tay.
Nhim bn mu cng c th bt ngun t vt liu ca h thng, bao gm cc b phn ca bm.
Khi nn dng bm nhu ng vi cc ng bng cht do tr hoc silicon. S pht trin ca vi
khun v/hoc to trong ng bm c th nh hng, do phi ra bm thng xuyn hoc
dng cc bin php thch hp khc. Mc gy nhim mu bi cc cht hu c ca cc loi
ng khc nhau cn c ch khi chn vt liu ng.
Khi tc ca bm thp, tc dng ca trng trng c th lm gim nng cc cht rn l lng
trong mu. Bi vy, khi cn nghin cu cc cht l lng khng nn dng bm tc chm k
c cc bm nhu ng cng sut thp thng dng trong cc my ly mu t ng. Tt nht l ly
mu trong iu kin ng tc, nhng nu thc t khng cho php th tc dng trong ng vo
khng c di 0,5 m/s v trn 3,0 m/s.

Nng ca cc cht cn xc nh trong h thng bm cn phi ging nh trong nc ly

mu. Ly mu cc cht khng tan cn c tin hnh trong iu kin ng tc, iu yu cu
ng vo ca h thng ly mu phi hng ngc vi chiu dng chy.
nhng ni mc nc thay i ln th nn g h thng ly mu hoc ng vo ln mt b, nhng
cn ch b d b hng. Cng c th dng cch treo ng dn vo mt phao ni (hoc thit b
tng t) v c ni vo thit b ly mu bng mt ng mm, ng mm ny c neo bng mt
vt t y sng.
Ly mu phn tch vi sinh
Khi ly mu phn tch vi sinh (v d vi khun) cn phi dng cc bnh sch v tit trng. Gi
bnh kn cho u khi np mu v sau y kn bng mnh giy kim loi. Ngay khi np mu mi
m ming giy loi v nt ra v cm trn tay. Ch trnh gy nhim nt v c bnh do tay. Ngay
sau khi np mu phi y nt kn. Ch trc khi np y khng cn trng bnh bng mu. ng
tc ly mu l nm ly phn y bnh ri cm c bnh thng vo nc n su khong 0,3 m di b mt, sau xoay bnh c bnh hi ngc ln v ming bnh hng vo dng chy. Nh
vy trong i a s trng hp nc vo bnh khng tip xc vi tay, tr khi xoy mnh th
nhim do tay c th xy ra. Nu b nhim do tay th phi loi b mu v ly mu khc trong
nhng iu kin t xoy hn, hoc buc bnh vo que hoc kp nh nu trn. Nhng thit b c kh trng c bit cng c th c dng ly mu nhng su xc nh. (Tham kho
ISO 5667-16 v hng dn chi tit ly mu vi sinh).
Kim tra cht lng
Mi phng php ly mu cn c nh k kim tra cht lng xc nh hiu qu ca chng,
c bit l cc mt lin quan n vn chuyn, n nh v lu gi mu trc khi phn tch. iu
c th thc hin bng mu thm (mu tht c thm mt lng bit cc cht cn xc nh)
v mu kp.
E.2 Hng dn ly mu trong h thng cng trnh thu li khng c dng chy hoc dng chy
hn ch (ao, h)
Phn hng dn ny p dng cho ly mu trong h thng ao h hoc trong knh khng c dng
chy.
E.2.1 Thit b ly mu
Cc thit b ly mu v mt vt liu cng c cng yu cu nh trong phn hng dn ly mu
trong h thng cng trnh thu li c dng chy.
Cc loi dng c, my mc
Dng c ly mu m v dng c ly mu b mt
Dng c ly mu m l nhng bnh h ming, dng ly mu nc st mt nc. Nu c cc
vt ni, khng th ly c mu i din hoc mu lp li.

Dng c ly mu ng
l nhng vt th rng, c van, dng ly mu nc su xc nh (mu n hoc mu
lot) hoc ly mu t hp theo chiu su. Dng c ny c nhng xung nc bng dy hoc
cp ti. Cn c thit b ui khng kh (hoc kh) b ko vo mu. Van c iu khin t xa
hoc ng m t ng khi dng c c nhng xung v ko ln nhanh. Khi ly mu gn y nc, cn ch trnh khuy ng lp trm tch. Mt s dng c t ng ng khi chm vo trm
tch (iu khin c hc hoc in); loi ny rt thch hp cho ly mu gn lp trm tch.
Bm
Bm bt dng tay hoc m t, hoc bm nhng, hoc my ly mu phun hi u s dng c.
Bom c nhng xung mt su mong mun bng cp ti hoc c nh vo ni ly mu. Thit
b tng t c th dng ly mu nhng su xc nh (mu n, mu lot v mu t hp
theo chiu su).
Khi ly mu bng bm nhng, cc sinh vt nh yu c th b h hi v dn n cc kt qu sai lch.
Khi ly mu sinh vt, cn so snh kt qu khi dng bm vi kt qu khi dng dng c ly mu ng.
Kiu bm, tc bm, p lc ht, ng dn, chuyn ng ca nc qua ng dn u c th nh
hng n ly mu.
Cc loi khc nhau c th phn ng khc nhau i vi ly mu bng bm.
E.2.2 Cch ly mu
Khi mt nc c nhng vt ni, cn dng dng c ly mu nc b mt c bit.
Ly mu phn tch ho l, vi sinh cng nh cch ly mu ca vc nc c dng chy.
Cc mu ly cho nhng l do c bit hoc cho kim tra cht lng hu ht l mu n. gim
st cht lng nc, dng mt lot mu n, nhng mu t hp c th l c ch.

E.3 Hng dn ly mu nc thi x vo h thng cng trnh thu li

Hng dn ny p dng cho phng php ly mu nc thi cng nghip v nc thi sinh hot.
Hng dn ny khng qui nh vic ly mu khi c s c trn.
E.3.1 Thit b ly mu
Bnh cha mu
Tng t nh bnh ly mu trnh by trn phn 1. Vi mt s thng s c bit, cn hi kin
ngi chu trch nhim v phn tch phng th nghim v loi bnh cha cn dng ly mu.
Nn dng bnh bng cht do ly mu nc thi. Mt s trng hp yu cu dng bnh thu
tinh, v d khi cn phn tch: - du m; - hydrocacbon; - cc cht ty ra; - thuc tr su. Nu ly
mu nc thi c kh khun cn dng thit b ly mu v bnh cha kh khun [chi tit
xem TCVN 5995 (ISO 5667-5)].

Cc loi thit b ly mu
Thit b ly mu th cng
Thit b ly mu nc thi n gin nht l x, mui, hoc bnh rng ming buc vo mt ci cn
c di thch hp. Th tch khng nn nh hn 100 ml. Khi cc mu ly th cng dng chun
b mu t hp th th tch ca x, mui, bnh cn phi chnh xc n 5 %. Ly mu th cng cng
c th dng bnh dng ng c dung tch t 1 lt n 3 lt v hai u u c np, hoc cc thit b
ly mu khc c nguyn l tng t.
Thit b ly mu th cng phi c lm bng vt liu tr, khng gy nh hng n phn tch
sau ny, xem TCVN 5992 (ISO 5667-2).
Trc khi ly mu, thit b phi c lm sch bng cht ty ra v nc, hoc theo hng dn
ca hng sn xut, v cui cng trng bng nc. Thit b ly mu c th c trng bng chnh
nc cn ly ngay trc khi ly mu, iu lm gim kh nng gy nhim mu. Nu ly mu
phn tch cc cht ty ra th phi trng bnh rt k sau khi ra. Ch khng c trng bnh
bng nc cn ly khi iu nh hng n phn tch sau ny (v d phn tch du v m, phn
tch vi sinh vt).
Thit b ly mu t ng
Nhiu thit b bn trn th trng cho php t ng ly mu lin tc hoc mu hng lot. Chng
thng d mang v c th dng ly mu mi loi nc thi. Thng c hai loi my ly mu
t ng, ly theo thi gian v ly theo dng chy [xem TCVN 5992 (ISO 5667 2), TCVN 5999
(ISO 5667-10)], nhng cng c mt s my gp c hai chc nng .
E.3.2 Cch ly mu
Ly mu cng, rnh v h ga.
Trc khi ly mu cn dn sch a im chn loi b cc cn, bn, cc lp vi khun...
trn thnh.
V cc knh thi thng thit k chung cho c nc thi v nc ma, iu kin dng chy ri thng xy ra. Nu khng c iu kin chy ri th c th to ra bng cch thu hp dng chy th d
nh dng vch ngn. Thu hp dng chy phi c lm th no khng xy ra s lng cn thng lu vt cn. im ly mu phi h lu ca ch thu hp, v theo qui tc, phi cch ch thu
hp t nht mt khong bng 3 ln ng knh ng nc thi. u vo ca my ly mu cn hng v pha dng chy ti, nhng cng c khi phi quay v hng h lu v qu nhiu rc ri
gy ra bt tc.
CH THCH Nu s trn ln xy ra tt ngay thng lu ca vt cn th c th t ng vo ngay ,
ch khng ly cn lng v u ng ly vo phi di mt nc.

Ly mu trn b mt nc

C khi cn ly mu lp nc trn b mt bng cch ht thu thp thng tin v cc cht ni v

nh ho. Trng hp ny cn dng bnh rng ming, nhng nn tham kho kin phng th
nghim nhn mu.
___________________________________