de.

SPE 13172 Evaluation of Empirically Derived PVT Properties for Gulf of Mexico

Crude Oils
by R.P, Sulton, Mara/hon Oil Co.• and FF Farshac. U_of Soutl1weslem Louisiana
SPIE Members

O!;PyoIIQI'Il 1164 SgcieLy Qr Pl!1.OI'ItLJm Enl3"_'-~ 1

Th~

01 AIME. Se!)18"1~r ~S--"9. '~&!i. T.hs rr'~!~r",l~s 5[11;0Wril8 SPE., 6200 NoM CenLral ~:>;pr~:;.sw~'~.

~;Jpoel'·"-.e~ presented ill! 1~.~ .<;glhI\nnualTachnic~1 ~rnl~r"",ce BOO E.miblilDn h~ld In HDUS10'1,T8:<aS, jB~110'WII'I'''''1iO." by the auuror Pcr,nission 10 cOP),ts rfl'Slrie~M,o 3" a.b:sllfllcl61,001 more ~h8n.,00 war~ D."wsr 6470(;, o'lIIi1as, T~"as iS~ ~SA. i eli3~ 730989 SPI:OAL_

t t"ilno s in chcm ~<:;J 1 c cmpoai t ion p l ac i.n~ ·them into one. of 'tile £ollovi Tlg groups:. ·para.Hi nic, ·na.pln~'['1ic, or Tb.is -. paper ~·vallla't,e.s ··evet'a 1 '0mpir Lea 1 PVT I ijro~iat ie • B~e~111se...,f th e d i, f rc r enc es in compo si t ior'!. e orr e l a dons for appHea tioll in the Gulf -oE Me)Cico + cot'I'of! Lar i ons ciev~ Loped f roo re g i cna l samples, Id~al17. fl~id properties aTe determined pTedominately oi oue chel~ic.al base. :r.~)' not p~ovide expe.dme~,~a 1.1)" in the liliborat 0.:1" ~ 'I;ru;);,oever, t;hi s data I satish.tto-ry r e su It s .... hen ;}pp'l ied to ~rud~ oih; from is not always available. Con.equ~~tly. corTelatio~~ 'OUll?r region_~. ar e used to detenoLrle va I lies f,or bubb le -point pre~~ur~. 601utiofi gas-oil rBtio, form~tion volume Tn i 5 paper examines the Io ll owi ng HL~'ld fa;;; t or, and vi sco~i ty . Th'e se pT"'pert ies. ·B.re ne c es s a f-y propelr·t ie s and: c o r r e 1. ~ t i.o·ns to det,~rmine thei;r '0 compute oil res~r¥es O~ fOT calculations invo~ving Bppli£ability in ~he D~[shore Gulf o~ ~~~ico region. 10'" tiu."ougil 'pipe or j)or'Ous med i a, I\, reviel-' of tile e or r e La t ions i.s provide4 al ong 'I<{ith the res'llt6 of COT"teladofl ca,l,culatio'ns mada on 31 im'livid"'.al crLu:1e oil samples.

I NTRODU'CTI ON
~e$e~Vea in an oil reservoi~ or the die t e rmj na t ion of i[ S performance rf'quir'e.5 III ·kfll'o!<ll'eas·e of C'!H~ fI u i.d" s phys i.e a l pr opar t i e s at e le.vateil pr e sau r e and r ampe r at ur e + Of fiT ima·.:y irn~ort8nce ar~ those prop~rties including bubbl~-poi~t plr,e·ssure, so'Lut ion. gas-oil ra.t io, ,'lI.fld f Ot'lIiIil.t'. ion vol umc f~ctor. In addition, 9isco~ity must be d€t~r!11joed for ··calcoJl~tions invol,.."ii:lg t'he noW' o.e ,oil tluau~h pipe or porous media.. l,de.a 111' th~ S~ proper t i.es are determined ho,ro, Lab or atory studies des isnE!d to dupli c.a t E the c,ondi;;ion.s of interest.. }loy;rev,er ,, quite (i,f I;: en I!;xperimental dat,1) is, unava.il.ab la 'because ade qua La a.B.mp'h'~· canfllot be obt3ined Dr ~~e rr·oduc i:n.~ ·h[Hi~ol'l. do'e.s Il!D~ willr~8nt the expens·e of' .n'!, in-depth H!se['voi~ fluid study. lp tbese caSeS. PVI properties must be del etfllinedi by anaJ OilY or tin:ough ~he US~ of empiTically derived corr~13tions. During the 1a S t 39 ye ar s Sevet'a 1, cor r eLa dot.is have been pcopoged for determini~g PVI properties. The ~I06 r "Ti.de 1)1 ·use.:! of these corre Lat iOiil5 t r ea t o i, 1 ,ali,a ga~' <JS3 t: ... o C01ji,p<:ment sy,$ t ern eac'lil h.~.vlng ,B fi );'ed comP'05! it ion. Only the :;oped fie g,rav ity a!'li! re htive' '1mount of <~;~ch component, pr e s au re , and teimpC=3.ture, '-e u~",d to ChIH"aGtcri ~e tihe '01.1 .!;; I''!JT pr ope r ties. Clrl'.ti.;2 oi 1 ~y'B terns fr(,(lj ...~ rI oua 01 1 proJ,-,ch~g regi.,ns of lh'!! W,[lf Ie w'e.re uSed in the dava I opmant of th'li! c c r r e ,ht iQlis . The se c .lIde oi I!; C.an exh i bi t r'egi onal The calculation of

Bubo he-poill pressure Solutio~ TBltio

Sla~ding13. Beggs1D, Standi~g.

Las~~mrll,
and Clas~lO

V~~qlle2

g~~-oil
I lime

Las~te~u
and Glas~

Va&que~

~ 'f

Beggs,
VQ.

I,," ' <ol"lrIat'lon

fae. t 01"

St~ndiIDS. VazquEz Cla.t;" Ca lhouDf}, Ileg.gs Be{ll J, Glas.,) 1'rube15,

• Begl~, ~nd

1~(ith{! fltIal c.ompH!Ss. i tti 1j_ 'cy Dead

and

Vazquez

6,

Di 1 viscosity
~tcd
t}"

Ilegg~

& RobiIlS<;)llli"

JlJnd

,,

GaS-~aty vi s1;.1)s.i

oil

ChcTJ ~ Con[l~ 11y", Ro'bin9Q[I

<Iud Beggs

UnlJetSattl!"atea oil viscosity

rDr yea C~, fi e 1d ~1l..&i rie e r a have uSea. cmph:i e a 1 correlati.ons Ln lieu of l~boratory data for de t a rrn i fli ~Ig the H 1J i.d pr opc rt ies ne ce s s a tj' fo~ ~31culating re8erue~, rese~voir performance. and equipment des ig,i'I •. lint i 1 re~ent] "J, the only Stlide f or De l ec t ilig 3. cor r e l.a t iOI:l W'<j S of f e r ed bj' Chierid et <,,'1 .8 · ·ho sugges t e!Q ~he Ole. e of Lass t e r "s cot "Ella t ion ... (o~ Cl"Lfcie o i, i s "i ttl an API grsv i ty g.ea~~r thun .15 degree Band S t.and ii'lg I s eorTel~ t i.o a ...i tb c~"dil2' (I:C J.. s having ao Al?'I gr.~vit)' le 515 tnan 15 degrees. ITl] 9'a3, O.s,term,um e.t a1.12 provid,~d a more I;:omp.lete eva.1u.Hio!.1 of 'I!lIflpirica 1 cor r el a e ions f(lt: dete r.nill i Llg t'il~ J'vr

prop~T

ieos

of

,IUa ~Ic~:n ;;;t:ude

Gi Is.

IL ~otal

of

~J

Sp[ .m!' lesW->e.;,e ana l yz ed , a.n.o, it "I8.S fOlLlna rh<l t. t'he (lHeht iOills. proposed by GI~s4 (bL!bbl~-ptll1'\t ~ p[-e~,s\;Lre), StaTI,d ing (oil fo·~'u,a t iOil .... Lume fa_·c.tOIr },' and o BegS6 O!)n,d. Rob i 1'i5on (dead and l:\a S-S,8 t ILlr~ted oil ",i,~C{j6 i,ty) '~e:t'"'E I;:h(l rn08 ~ ,i)ecur.:lte" At thi s po,i n E in t ime ~ilfl1i l;i'~ ilfi.o] l)"~c'~ t'),,"e not. "ppt<l! j!d i.n the 1 it ~H <l~ OJ~ e'ro ro'~ h,tl,r: oil p'~ ~}iI e in g regions. LL re lates it correspOl1icls ...,1th a lJaP rang,e 8 ~}f wi ~h o,i]

1317:1

gt:BJ'ility . Thi s .e 1.-;1 t ionsihi p to that obsefv~d from c~ude oils ~hB,rBc t.erhation rae to. 1, of 11. a., 'Ih,e. data. ~,se.d by t.:lsa t~ r if[ d~ri", Lng th'E!

similarl,

correl~tioD Bubble-point
Te.mpero:l tllre,

are

as follO""~! p~ia
48 t.o 5,78>0 27.2 2 ,'9Q3-

pre~sure,
~.~

'h~ ~ffectiv. ~se of the cO~Eelacions lies in ~n IJnde["s t~ndin,g of their de'le ]apment. <llong with a knolW1~ilgl!!: of ~lwi{ Hmh,:rt iOTls. The foll o",i ng p["es,en'ts a. review' 0':[ UiI'E' C.{l'rr'e.l ..t.i.orus ' cleve.lopl'll~nt. For .c~}n",,~nience, t't~e gr.'l pl:i a o~ equat ions Io1hid, form tll,ese c e.r r e l~t i~)I'~' ate ptovided ,''It the end 'OE tile pape:f.

SohJt ion g,a.s-oi 1 rat i", 5CF /STII T .!In~-oi 1 $r~vi ty, a AI'I 'Gas gravity, (ait ~, .i) Sep,jrator pressure, p5ia Sepa~ator temperature. Df
L,~,~a.t€r m~~sured and
I

82
3 17 .9 0 .574 15
14 error

,to
t,o
te

t.o

to
to

60:') 100.

51 ~ 1 .223

:~,epor ted

an

a'lfen;,se

c.lcul~ted b~bbl~-po~nt
Be:ggs16

of :L ail: b~ ~W'8,8;n pre:s~ure.

in 1947. Stao:i.ding pubHs,hed cottelatiOi1ia for determi~ing tbe bubble-point pre~~u~~ and fQr~atiQn volume fac tot 'of a gas-5!ltllrate,d oi lhom known 'IIa loes Df t.mp~~at~fe, ~olution g~s-oil ratio, bil gravity. ~''nd :Il,~.~ g,r.a.viCy. II total ,o{ W5 e!l:pe:t imenta Uy detar~i~ed data points on 22 differen~ crude Qi ~/njj!f IIlTl!.l ,gas mi xt urea Er ena Gali f orn i.a "'ere: L!se,,f :in ard.virng at the c.QCl"e.hn: ions. The ga sas present LI'i the rnb:tl.ll"es i;,tE!:te he€! of ui t r ogen and hydtc'gen sulfid~, hut carbon dioxide was pEesent in a few s~,~ph!s at o:;oneentr,8t Lons 'las.a th.an 1 111,01e pl1:fCemt. A.n of the datawa.S ol;>ta.ifled ii:l~he: labo~ato.y lJail1lg a 2-~tag~ fla~b sepa~~tiQn designed to dllplicat~ ~~.r~ge fie l.d c.end it :i.on~ in G:a,l ifo:rfl.i~ . !he It.angeS. 'I;lf ttd_s d~t~ are as fDllo~~= [lub b le -po itl t p~ e £, S 1J l' e , ps t~ Tempers t ura , '"F for~~~io~ voluma factoT, ~bl!Sr~ Solution &a!;-,oH~at 10, 5(:F ISHl, Tank-oi 1 g,["s.vi t.y , ·8:1:'1 Ga~ gta.ic" (air = 1) Sepata.tat p'~e:$~'ul"E! ~,t '~~<lge). pd,a (1 (2nd at.agel, 1:l:5~a Separator t~~pe~atlir., ~f

Vaz9ue~

and

In 1976 > Va~qllez; and Beggs pl"{l.sented re:htionstd,'P~ for (!!?ternii'lit'l,g th€ sohti,ot'i g"'~'-oi 1 ratio ,;"!nd f.orms't ion volume fac u,'ro.f '" $<l,s-'~atln:ateil crlLlde oil. A total of 6,004 d.!lta points we~e utilized in the devel0·pro,e.nt of t:nese COlrre.f;JJt ions. The d;:lt~
Th~ firat group c()n~aiI!€cI oils APr gr~.vities leM ttl.!!t'I or equal to JO degrees. s ec ot'ld~roup c.ontained 01 Ls ~i tb API g~BV:i t ies gr ea ~er than 30' degT',~,es. Toe. numbe r of Idat~ points and r~~geS of data for each $rDUp are: ~.lll'I <: Nurnher of d~t~ p~int~ Illlhbl~-poi.tlt pr e saur e p~ia ill,I.e~ag,e te:mperatl11:e, aF

was sa,ar~ted t.he .oLatilit,

into
of "lith The

~wo group.
crude

be:cal.ls~

of variations

in

oil.

30

~iIPI

'> JO

no
100

to
to,

I ,000 2.53

1 , l~·}

4,:863

1 .02A
20

to
to

2. 15 I ,42.5

15

to 1f>2

Q,572

15

~o

b,(l55

16 .5 0.59 2&5

to
to,

63.S
0.95
~65

J4,7

to 1O~)

F o~ rna t i o,n VQ hnne fa~to~ ,illblfSTB, SoIut ion. ~,ll,E~Qi '1 rat i '0" SCF 151'1'1
T,ar!~-oil gtaviry.

181)
1 .O~.S
~(l

I .0142

60 1.. 54~ 831

2. nQ

0 to

'0 ~o 2: ,. ~99'
3D .f" 0 .530

5.t.an4.ing{~I>orted an average en-or of 4.S'~ a.O.fl Hl6 ps.i for the bubb le-poifLt p"tcessure eort:elBtion~.ilI,d at'! a"E:tag~ ,Il,rror of ] .17:i:: for the fO'~'mat ion "'ol~fPfl fact'Olr co.r r eLat i on , lI'nil 1<lJ~ te'r; b more get"IE!:tal tnat'l the bubb le'-PQil1lt p.es Sure cott'E'iat. iotl and .. I. 11 provide' ;S.at is.hctot')' res\ll t.s fot" a ",'id~r va~iety ,of uu(le:

~API Gas gravity,

(air ~ I)

15.3 to 30 .0
0 ... 1] to 5
1 .351

to 59 ,.5 to 1 .2~9

oBs.

L,a~a t(l f pr'esented ~ bubb le-po,int preaaur e eot'r'eLatio'rl ii:l. ]9'5B. A tot.at of 158 ~);perim,entaU'l flH!;lJSl!IT(ld blJbb 1~:-jJoitit plre~ Sllre_~ :fromU7 il'lil(lpN,de'nt cn!lle. oi 1 ays.tems hom Canad.a, We.s t.ern ~and Mid-Cont in(!nt~ I lJIuiteil Sta ~as > a.!'Io. 5'O(Lt'n lIJ1"!erica \\IE!.t~ used in it s 4ev~1 opman t . The na t!.lt"alga~ e s <I~~ o c iated ",ith the s e Cl"IH:!e:S ""ere e:sSe:rI< iaJ l.Iy free of i'lo,nl:ryd ~ocarbO['f;8 • Uti 1 i dog l'Ilenr;y' $ l,~'" l Las a tar d€d~ veO a "bubb le:-poiflt p~e.~ SUrE! f ac t o r" and c o r r e 1,j teo i~ ""l th the mole h,<l~don ga s ij'J s o lut i on f~~LLlt.il1i& in fig .• 1. The mole Frac t ion of gas in sol ut; ion is caI.c.u l a ted from val ue s of -~olut.iol:l ga s=o i, 1. r atLo , (Ii 1 .~peci fic gr av i ty" and mo Lacul ar ':'eight. S:i.lT!c,e .'l[~ oi 1'5 mo l ecu lar !;Ie i til t is g,efle1"alliy A total an ufl'kn,o""n (jJuanit i cy, 1a,$ater Jl~<}V id"e'cl Fig. 2 1:\Ih i.::1'1 f 1 uid~

Va.z'q l)~ ~ a.Thd Pi e:g,1:ls fQo nd ge s gr <LV i e Y toile a strong ecrr el.ae ing p~f<lornc ~et'" iu the de:\I'€ 1 o'plll€ fib of th,e; solutlO'i'J gas-oi 1 'ratio c;ot'lte:htion., Sil1~e g.8.a !!,r,avity is dep,endeillt tlp.;m thO? c.ol:l,dit ions under 'which it i~ ae p a r a t.e·d from the oil, V~~Cj LLez <lnil B,eg,gs .d(:v~loI'cda c or r e 1 ~t :1'01:1 to normal tz~ g<:l!l g1t'aJvi ~y to a ~'Ep<lt'at ion p.es~lJreof 100 psi,g. This rH~S au r e "'~:!;I ch{l.~en because it is t"€p:r!!seL'ltat I ve of ave:rage Held s~par~tor condi~io~~. Tbe ~quation u5~d for this ,,<I j us tment i 5 given be 1 0;""" sma t h is "'~lu.e i<!> then used in ~ll of Vazqu£~ a~d B€~gs' co"trelation~.

or

log

(p

sj)

/1 Hi .. ,

n
from 27 diEfe~~nt reservoi~ at :thi ~ ,eqjll,;!l.t.ion. It )"",;!!s RVelra,ge e.• r,D;r 0'£ -{I" 5~·5l. 'I'b~

r€pO~

t.e?_

of 124 data poiats .... r'8 l~s~d ~o a.t·r.he c

to ~a",e an

~,>E: 13172
r.anges of
t he

Ii. cata used i.n the de.ve l opmenz

P.

~iJTTON' AND F. of
Eq.

F"

F'AR5~AD

",it'n

a re - pr ovi.de d be1,{l... .~
S·epal".a.tOit" pressu.re , pS ia 1.~rnpe:r3tl.ue • ~!F ~f'lPT T~nk-oil gravity.

corrpctioo ~~I[iplier of 0.94 ~as dete~mine4 for (I:rr 5h or~ Gu If of Kp.:d. co eI"gOe o i ls, but us e of t.h i. 9 the acc~racy of the co~re1ation. 1) o. Ji3. to 1 .20 factor decre~sed G~g. g r a ....i t)", ( ai'!" Therefore, thi~ modification w~s omitt~d from furthe~ IGlasJ aha pror"io(],ed a All .average eHO~ of '-0.7% WaS repo~ted for ~he cons ·i(letat iort in t h i s study. pre.~ure correlation for voLati1e oi19 as !;.olutiQI'I gas-oei 1 r a ti o cor r e Lat Ion , at'ld an SVer3.ge bubble-poin~ as a method for corr ac t ing the pl'"edi.c ted e r rot" of .4 •.7%1,1;) S r!.lpor ted for the forms t ion vo Lume w(:·ll bubble-point prcss~ra tDt the pre~e~ca of carbon facto~ car~~lation. dioxide, TIitrog£~, a~d hydrQgen eulfide in ~he ~ot~l "'Il.Te not applicable VBJzque:z and ll~gg8 .also invest i ga ted the phydca 1 $l.I!:'£·ace gaae s, These ·eol"!:elation~ It 0 thi S "'ork • Glasi te por t ed 1m av er age arr or of pr ope r I::i.e!; of l;rtu:iet'"Sa t ur a ted. oi 1s . The:!H: pr cpa r t ies deviation 01 6.98% for th~ i~cl~de vi~cosity and i8Q~be~mal ca~pre~sibility. T~R l.Z8~ wi~h a .t~ndard bubb Le+poi.nt preS51).~@ cO'rre lat ian. !tie av~ta.ge err or . ]!It t·e.1"i.s re l.at(ld Co the ·ai 1 forma t i on vo l Uf!i~ Lac tar of the oi 1 for:fn.a.t iotl volume .fact{)r COrTI!: lat' ion .... s a ~:t pre~~i.l~~~ above the 'bubble point by the foHo~ing r.~·~.or·Ced at -U •.43Z Iii tb a sCatida r d .d.evl..at iOTl of eqlJatioo~
76

60

to
to

)·6Y 150

]JOP cha r ac t e r-La at j cn hctars n of J 1 ..9).. An ad jl.lst<llel'lt to the liP I g av i t y t,enn in the equ.at'lOIlS ~aS su&&e~ted when USing the correlations ~ith oi1~ of a di f f~tea;,t com!,o~ ir i Ot'la] na t u ra , An sV'r.r~j:i .. e

to

45

2.Ul% ...

• .• • • .• • • • {:.il"
A toea h of i1 .•48f> di.;:).ta p.oio t s ,. enc.olDra.s~:i fig foU.olo:'ing ranges of value·s., W~te use.d. in develop~e-l"It ·of Ul·e comptes.dbilhy CQrre1;Hioi~.

Glas~ "s dead develope.d hom d~ta

samples t~e cov~ting (he

Gil vi obtained
following

6CO~

i ty

hom SOll'le r~ngeS of

cone lat ion 26 crude

values:

was oil

re~perature, Viscosity, (Cp

-F •API

.50
20 1
0.610

(0

Tan'i!:.-o·i 1 gra\l' ity. 9,~15

to
to

.300 4iS.l

39. 1

Pressure,

peS

iaJ
i:lbl/Sril SeF ISlB

lii 1 1 •.()O6 9,3

l'emp(Ha:t.ll.re, ~i" F .onllllt i.~n volume file tor, So·lllt iO·1l &.as-oil r at, to. Tank-.oi 1 gr.8.vity, • API {;a~ gt:.l·vity, (air' = .l) Toe a.f' 3,.5·9:) eor ecIac
iOrl

~/A
to to to
t.e

to

2.,26
2.; 199

15. J O.SLI

59.5
1.351

i"iI:i'~erS.3Jt uta

ted

c r ude

d.a.ta

points

fo~ 4e te ;:'!lliniti8, the v i. ~~O·5.:i. I;y of Q.i ).5,",.8S de ... elop~·d 1"om a. t ot aI 'Win. the .fo·l1owiflg ranges; 141
tQ

'Pres sur e , psi.a tellilpet at ur e , .oF r azi o , SCF 151"11 gas-oil Solution Vhc·os i~:y , Cpo T.ank-oi1 ~p:a i ty. ~Al'l ....

'9,!i 15

Beal pub li sl'i~.;I graph ic a I ccr r e La t i ons i ti 1'9'46 for d e·t e.nminin.g the vi :s,co~.i ty of c~~d~ oi 1.. A to ta 1 of' 0,55 V.aIlles for de3c (IiI ",i~co$ ity at 100 ~F w·er.e obt8ined fro'!!! 492 ail f i.e Lds of which 358 are toc.'1tea in the lhlited States. Vi.~cos.ity G.8tllJ for ail ~dd i ~ iona 1. 98 samples wer~ obt a tried ror tempe·~:il.t"'t'es ab ova ] ~f. The r~s'Ltl r l'['Ig c.orre.Lat Ion '&'as based on ·dill ~<lI co",~dng tne fo 110""ing ·~.~ngcs:

em

Gas gt:avity,
'tbe a"'·uag~ report~c ~t

(air ,~nor

9.3 0.117 15.3 0.5H

for

the

"d.sc.o~ i~y

-7.54~.

Temp.et·s Lure, ~F 98 to 4:50 .2, ]99 . fBmlk-Qi 1 gr~,,,,·:i. y. ~Ii.PI c 10.0< to 52.5 ]48 t.o O.I165 1:0 VisCQ·sit:;;, ep l,5S0 t.t) 59. S 1.351 Beal IS de~d oil viscosity to correl~tion as presented c on 8 i.~ E $ .0 f .s. c U!'Ve S c.o·"'·e:t the t ~'II.pe e ure r allgc in.g ~a ccs re.l at iOrl "'a~ f tQ'1iI hOO -r to 220 ~f, 1I/h leh repre ~enu:dJ tn!:t data _... i th an <lIVerage error of 24.2~.
[0

N/A

Bubble-point
Temperat.ure,

pressure,
~if'

~9i8

16)
8{1

to

7,142

Forrnatiofi voluroe factor. Solution gas-oil ratio, I~nk-oil g~avit" ~API

Gas gr av i.ey, C~ir ._ I} jepar~lo~ pressure (1st

Bbl!ST6 SCF/SYB

1. [)25 9'0
22.3

o t·o to
t.

~80 2.588
.2 ,637 48. J 1.276

PI"e;.'lSLJre, ps i a Gas-oil ratio, SGP!ST~ Vi6eo~ity. cp Above Bubbl~-point psia

lliO'

~o to
t.e

lj·,n~
1 III

,an

0.142

Ito

00.650

to
l.!lS

SepBrB~or

slagel. psia (2nd stag~), psia temperature, Df

15
125

PreSSlJr·~, Vi S~QS it)"

l,.H 5
0.160 1a t ion had!

to

5,.515 3D

Gt.~.50·· 8 cor r e l a t ion par3finicitias ~qui.ale~t

vas dev·e l.oped :for oil S ''''1th to ~o~tb Sea oil~ (i.e. Qils

The

re su H ingc~,lclIJ
at 2.1~.

rRpo~te~

I-~~.:-::4

~~~n~ ~ ~y t _, -.-.,--.~.

,~-,.-,--,,--

•.-, .
:t'EJII~-ed pres sur e ,3,nd telllpe r at ur e , ,t\d4 i t i cna lly" !ill!! t:hod s ""er e pres,ent eii to as t ima ~e CT i, t i c.a 1 pre~ ~~t"e and cd d.ca I t~Tfipe.t .. t u r e and <ore shown inF'igs. lj and S. injbe r ecomme nde,d tba t 1I he u,sed for deter.ipin~ critical temperature. Bubble-point

I~ 19t9, Chew and Conn~ll, r~esent@d a cQE'teb tion to peerl i~t tne cn8ng'e in 011 vi s,eQsl ty as la. f"t1~ ti oil of solution !!a~-oi1 r at io. The corte 1a.t ion ~a~ (leve loped h 01Ii iw~,',l e.~u<:1e o:ii.I sampl (!;S ob tn i n.ed hom tne; !11.!Ij 0[" p~,xl.t.IJ'e ing ~~es.~ of C~n",da, tbe Uni ted Sht'eEl, 8Jnd SO!jJ~h AI1'J€'ri(:;.a. Thi. s ~aU ~I)comp.;! ss~dtbe :Eol'LOii.Iing r,~llge:s of vall!les ~
'B-u.blJ le-pointpre9

n~.

p r e s su re .lS ad j us t ~d cone 1,~l ion. The 9l,e~ resQtvair coo4itio~s i. ~oi ell apl='ro:drn~ t.es the

~{' 60 ~F y.~,£ n.g Stllnding I I> i H,e g~a""5, t'/ of tih.e o i, 1 at adiu~~e4 to 60 of lIsin~ ECj. ] r el at ion~h.i p 5 t"ECOl1ilm~ tided hy

~!.,I:re, psh
~f

le.mpe:ta.tur-e.,

13:2 72

Ga~-oil ~atio, SCF/SIB 0.a4 oil vis~o~ity, cp

An
(! i t[etent

51
O.J7i

to to to to

5,0.4:;
292 3 ,~M

Trube in the regiofi

T 0'600 -Y eCr) .
+

i~te:te~t.

(T-60)·4.6 x )0-4
Is of the r,e La ted oil to i~ o i, 1.

50

The

analysis 0.£ th,e -d.e'ts i.nc! icated that i.e 1 01. 1 format ion volume fa.c tor or solut ian g.e~-ali 1 ["lIJti", could, 'be used! as a cor roel.at irng ~a:r;!!.llle t e r , CIle:'" an4 CClIli:l.a lly se 1 ec:ted cbe Q i f ['I!re:nt ia] solut i.on g{ls-oi 1 r!li1tioas .!I c or re Lat :i.ng ptlr.!lllljet.er drle~ tnis da.ta is ITi()~e readily obtained!. AlthQugh different La l dil~a \oI,~S U!i,e,d to de:v-ehop thE! eo:r:r,@.lat io~., ChelO' and (:01'l,n<3.111' S~ii ~(!.:l t:lia t d~~~ ho.m afty of the ~~ual libera~ion proc~$~~S could be used in it~ .:;Ippl ic~t ion. Tbe final e,tlHela t ian ""a.s p.e~.ented for s,alutJoll, ,gas~oil rat i os r<'ll1ging ~(om 0 to 1,6,00 SCF /SFI1, ,d~e~o II lao:;k '0£ cons];. s tent d8.ta at higher ga.$-al 1 l:'~,t 1.0S •

compG~~i>ibility fL'o·m. Fig. 6. ilnd! it ,t'O!~pr,e.5S ibi hty as fDllQ"l'!5; .:l~tetminerl

p.eudo-Iedu~ed

• (4)

TrUDe rlid nQt sp'ecify the d.~ t a tls{ld to deve.l.ep tne. c,orrelatiarn. no r did he. a L'l.ude to its ,~ccur~cy, a 1 t,hOllgh the ex,a.mJll.'e~pu,~erl~ed, i!lt.lle pape:r ~holW@d .an ave~a8e .b~olut~ eEror of 1.9% between calculat~d and measured valu~s.

-:

GULP COAST pvI DATA Dat~ Tepresenti~~ 31 different c~udc oil!n,;;!r~ral gas $,st~~s "'ere gathe~ed from PV! samples taken along t.he: Loui.si~r1,j o:lna Tc'l\.a~ gl!lU CO,1s.ts. nd,~ inform.:l~iOIl consi~t. of 285 data points [or ga~-&aturaled oil and 134 data points fo~ unrier~atur~ted oil. These snmplC$ we ee t),pi cal oE the c-r'ude 01 1 sy~, te<nS found in thE: Glll:f oE l'Je.)t i'CD. The majori.ty o f the. da t.;. came Er om oi Ls of low to moder.5J~e - ,,"0'101 ~i li~)I;, ho ...ever. t"'o of ~heoi 1 S hadB. hiSh ly voht i l.a na t ur e . The ga se swere relativel, fr~e: of i~puriti~~. but carbofi dioxide and nit~Dg.n ~Rr£ pre~~~t ~t conc~TItra~ions averagiag 0.4% a'r1d {I" 3%.~.s F'ecE i vely. 'l'i:J,e ran8,l;!s of v.~dues e,C'ver,edi !by this da't~ ~re listed below:
Cas-Saturated ~ubble-point
temper~,t.L.lr·e.,

!u;g,E; ,~ttdRobinson.li lleg8s, and tl.olJ lMon in 1975 pub Ii sfu::d ~q'J.<1t iOt"ls cftl ell btin,g dead and sa s -~a t I.Jrated oi 1 ",i g,eo,~i ti~~. ¥be ~Cjllation.!! ee ~L.I] ted from B. study of 2,5.33 vi scos.i:ty me.a~,ute'ne·nt S (4·0,0 dir,:.adi oi 1 ob s.ar v aj; ionsal1d 2:,,073 ga s=s.at ur a t ed oi 1 ob~ E!.tv",t ion$) irlvol~int 600 diff.~erlt erude oil systems. This data coveted, the .follio...-ii'ill(lfanlle:s of \',a 1 OJ,e;S : fo~ Pte·~S!llI"e , ps.ia Tempera tUr'e .• "'f
Tank-·oi

is
SCf/STII

So-l'ut io[) g;ll.s-o,il

1 gr.3vi ~y , "APl r,~.t io,

:10
16. 20

to, to to
to

S:,265 295 58 2 ,O7{1

An av~rage e:~rOE of -O.64I ~itb ~ staTId~rd ileV"ht ioUJ of 13. 53~~a.:s the "['epo'~r~e'4 accuracy a·f the diead oi I ViS·C08 i ty c()HeI.5J e ion ",netl t,e.!;ted B,g.eins t t!:l.e Ill!! La ~'$e'" fot i"~~ doEv,elOp'm~fi~. Whente,~ ted <l.g in. s t '93 <I c~~e,s hom th,e. 1 i tar at ura , tne: :3!V€r·age'~rrot' iilc.r'EaS,E!~ to 114.3X !oIith a stafHl.ar:,d de:via.tiotl of 530.at. The la$-!iaturat~d oil vi$co~ity eDrrel~tion h~d a f~paTted aCCu~~o, of -1.831 with a standard devistion of 2, .25~.

ail 100
121

()one '0'£ the (!;~:rlie'Bt cOH,e.hti,onsfQT det.e.Tmittirng t~le i~,ot~etma 1 CDllJpr'l!Ss:i. 1;1 iii. ~y of an IlTl<'h!::r~,;;! ~ut;a~ed 'U~~~r~aturat!!d Oil crude oil "',~Elprese.nted. hy C",lhCH.lIJ.in 1947. .:rilE! I I cot'fel,at ion ~·lH)""'n iOi'ig. :~rel~tes a va Llle ,of aver,age Pre~ ~u~c, ps La oCO'm,p£e!l·!l bi 1 ity i t,o t:~,e oil speci fil: gravity' at a:t bllbtle-poln.t ~""t.l,lfllt ion Pl:eS5Ure .H,o infOI:m{l t Lon '"'<IS pr eseflted ~bQve b~bble-,o~~t b,y Cdno~H'1 cot'l,cecning fh·e dat.e u!;e'D £"r deve loping FO~fi:'lat ion vol ume fac tor , llbl!STll this cG£TeLation, lso~~,rma~ ~g~p~G~.ibil1ty, PSL x]O Solution Iss-oil ratio, SCF/S!~ oil viscosity, cp atbuDll Ie-point in 19S1, Trube ~fe~eat~d ~ CQrrel.~ion for abov~ b~bble-rDit'lt ~a1cu In ing the lsotherlm.:ll com.p~,e.ss ioilhll' (If at'! ufta~rs~turated crude oil a~ a fll~etio~ of p.~u~o-

presau~e. pS1a ··F FOL'l1lsdQll v,ol'l1l:lle hcto:t, Bbl!STB Solut lot'! gas-'Dil :t':a.t i.e , sensu ~ead oil 9i6~08itJ, c~ Ga8-g~tur~ted oil viscosity, cp 'T~r.i~-oi I gnivhy, ·.11.1'1 Total g~S gr~vit,. (ai~ = 1) Separato~ pTe~~Ure, paia Separato~ t~~p~rature, ·F SepaEator ga~ g~avity, lair 1)

~o to
to

9 ,760 :2.70 2,%3

1 ,036 17 .7 0.5.5

to
·~o to

2.345 7 .:H

O. H
:.i;5,.D

0.601
50

~o ~o
t,o

oO.4lt 54.2

!(),.7'J7 I ,415

60 O.SB9

~o
(0

120 0.7"1'2

727 1 ,000 1 .059

3.0.3 107'

to,

to
~()

9',700 1.2,01.5
2 .283

to
1:.0

~S. 31 4 ,S6J

0.144 0.156

to
il;o

:L25:Lt;5

limit (If the JtofIda,tio,n aliid any 'ext.r{!poljl'~i.{"El gaVe The data .... 5 a cD [aifl,e~ hom convent ion-Ill PVT unrealistir results. ~ellfl~h ",hil;:n derive the 'lBF:lOIJ,,8 £ l u Ld P~{!lH~U i~s throu~b ~ di~f~r.TIti.1 libe~atioft pro~eSS" Por com~ildS01Jl 1011 til tl1e vad ~!J:S 1'\1'1 c:,orre lad ens, tbE!: .So:lu~:iOIil ,gs,s- oi l an df O''i''ifi~'~ i GO} .. 0 lulU£!: fat· t{) ~ <:Is B !;'.!I S t adiu$t~d to represent II flll~h liber~tiOIil p~ocess. This Results of (0 r:J;D a t iOIli volmn.e £<)Jctor: ea lculat ion~ lol'aJ5 ,~,ccOiilipl ished u£ ling ttl,e techrli.q U~ _be .",101' w-bic~ Io'a~ f~r crllde (Ii 1 a~ bu.bblc-'pai t'lt p:t'E.S,Sure ar e sl:J~'\m in pr'Op'o'~e,iI by AmYl{. .I1as ~ , at! d "1b it Ln gl arid ~5 eilJ hy figs. 9A. 9B. ai"l,(! 9'C. The s.tati ~t ieoll .Il~·cyr acy b !,1;lJz 0,1" ~ !llld ll.etgJ q 6 HI tf!~ d,eve I ~}p(lljent; of ~hc i'r pt"D\1 id.eo in Tab Ie 10, Base.:!. lDil! t'he re sui ts Q.f rue cDfTela'~ion!: • c.llc'-lla't ions, Clssi' s eQHelat ion of £er~ the best {Ie~llr~.cy. G1a~~:' ~ Got'te bodoll'l ~}'p:i.cally l1i~rle,:~pr,e,diLc t~, lOrO'!l.;l,t:i.o~, liel ume fact,or. Stl;inding' 5 • • • • . (5) ccrTelat.io;n ten.ds to, o,vet'p!N~d.iclt fo~at ion vol\lF.le he t Or"~ gf@a.U r ~h<l.~ L, 2 Bb l! srI! . Tlh.e ¥ ~.~Q u~~ !lind Il.(=gg~l co r r e 111t iol:'! ,ev ~ ["pr e iI i ,e. ted f 0 ~a t i O~ "'01 uRlc fae t©t r,or tile maj or i, ty of ca~,~,s 'E)l.arnified. , • (6)

t'l1I

l'1:t'i!, ."tllutiOI1I t'e :H'ec 't ,iii! 'pre:

SSti

g;~~-oil f;lJt.io ioIiiS, f·l.rthet aojustedj re. bias e of 14 ,. '1 p:51 a in or,eI@! ,~o b'e i r

eon~i~t~~t Io'itb th~ cor~~l~tio~s.

Tine res.ul ts {If isothc,rmi3J1 c(jmpr,es s:i.'bi li ty Cillculat iOi'ilS,(Qt unde~!;atll£a ted crud!e: oils a.r e ,sbmrn in Fi,g .' lOA, 1011, afiQ 1.OC. S~!lt is t Leal Tei!>UIt 9 ~re p'Tovideil .~i1:lg1'Eva
~T!!I.\1ity

in T~,blc II. Cal hDllrt' 5 ~Qlrrel:;;l.t ion lue .Qr cOilUF~es~ibi 1 iq' b<'ls,e:<l at! the or the bllbble-poin.t 011 and provides

yield ~ ,~ ~.peeifie the ib,e:st

CaJ.'Cu 1<11i01;! of t l,!a1"i,o'l~ WI proper tie!:, "'ere ma.de 1l.Ii,i[l,rg of the idOlf'e lIle~d!U'i'I,ed co:n:el{!r.ion~. The IMlil,II't.iOI1lS 01:" .chan", of tbe ~e C(lHeia,t ions, provide:!i at, tbJ!!!' end of t:11,e paper , we'£e ut.i l i~.eil in tl'l.{! fo,llolo'ir.lg eVlIlll~t i{l[lJ, i.n IH'r ivins at. t:ne cal.cu 1.'1 t.eil 1I"C:51!l! 8, It me8.!iuF,Ed quant i t les, Wet'e u~~:Q fo,r i.J],pu.t in t.o the ';:(lr~'e lad cn s. , Graphs of c.a Lc ul a t.ed \1e~ sus rnellsur,ea pTe'peU :i.e:s a.r,~ pfol!;tide,d for t!a,Cn of t~e: co rr e Ia dot!s ~jl:al1!&n,e,d, /10 re{p;r'e,rnc,e 1!iiiie~,a.8 pilicec, (Ill ,e.:lch ,gr,~.ph I so tll.at HIE! c,on!!: l.altiolp· ~ ;lJ(;CU:taC)" Ca,fI, bE: t'eol,4ily ,s,8cert,aiineil '. 11.1], ~dd.li.d.o[l., tbe ,sta tistical 'e'rr,or 'e~biMte,d hy ,e,at;.h 'c.orrelSJt io~ ispltovic.ed.

,a.n

.1eC:Il'!!."acy.
corteIat:i,Qns.

AHholign. the urorl; ,f'o,:e all of ehc ar e r;;'ttl~f nigh the sta,( isti,c.5 h~ the c~lcula,~~(!1 .foma tiOt"i ve l ume fac.t{I~,5 [or IJJl1de["~<li,till':n,ed Qil!; is exec nen~. Tlhi~ qlJatld ty ~s reh ted~Q cOnlipteS S ibHity by the following equa t ian, ...hitb d~m•• ~~ the error:

(If bub b '1 e ~p'0 it ilI:t pt e ~ SIJ re C.SJ,~ I] 1 {II t i O,IIS II ~e I F:i.g.~. 7.11., "11, n:" .gnill HI. 11le ~,~ad s;ti,c·.a,l 0,( t1r!~ C;OT r,e l a t i,onl~ i ~ ~'£'O'\!' l.'a.,ed in T a~ lc ,5 • Ove~BU ~.be:reMlI~s 'r.tJElT~ less t:nafi desirable, "'I].d Dead Oil Viscosity Cl,aefi,'1> '~o~rel~tiot'l plI'o¥idedi the ba s t. 'eSIJ it!; for tile, @n~i'r~ data. ~et, 5e'ca~~e of t:1:J~ l"":r&,~ lH"rOrS, Re!H.il~e ,of ~he 'I!i~co,si ~1' !f:a.lc.!li lat l(l,tls h,r de,ad Ta,bl!!! 8 pr,t)yidle~~l1le~u Ust ica 1 fes~ H ~ £Or S@;V~:fa] ,~ils ,ar,e SPO"lO'IlJ ii'~ Figs. llA, lIB .• a,ndi He. 'The 'prea,5ure ["!!lnge:Sl,. All of tbe eof'fel8J[ iOfl~ peE' f C1,t"liled crIl,de I ~;~a,t'i~,t ~(;.a.l ac.'~!;Ira:cJ'. o.f the. cQ:Heh t iOI1;5· is pr,o\!idea poo'~'l'yatpre:ssu~'e:s h~'~s :t:harl 1,000 p<sia. 1!':h~ uSi.!Hs ~n fable 1]. For tbis evalu3tio~. ~eal's .co~~.lation ~~e IS;01Dewtl~'~ItlQ~e lieeepU.b Ie Io,r '~l:ie highe'f' pTe5Sm"e was e::l;t.r,l!1?ohtedi to, h:'!Ipt!:t'a,tu\:'cs o.:ip to 270 '·F ~i t'~out 'fang'~s. a,d""t'['~£ 111' £.Uec t th,e ,~m:t:ela ~ kO!] ! S resul.t.s. 'GIlIJs~ ,! S C(lne1ati~m sho;> eo .... ~h,e best aCCUf'a.cy o,f the tnree, Ico:tte1atioDs ex.mined.

Re ~,I.:I h~

slMjV!!I in a c e<JIr<icY

statis t i.e 5 are ti.\I"~~ if! Ti3Jble 12 • T:-Ilbe II S ian, d~scfibed by Figs. ii, ,5 ;H!'~ 6, is, not ,~deq!l!;JUi tot'" yolat i h oi lIS ...rr.ic,h ,el'!ce,ed tbe me.fbo-d'i s ra.nge~ of :spec 1. fie :!!~;'lvity. :l'te 'COl kula t lon.s p'erf01:;~cil for this paper 1>I'!!~e conscr{lin,ea by ~h,e l"anges of v~lues, st)Olo'1'i i.n ~heS~ fig:u1:'e:s. ""nile the. TeSlllu o·f tb. c<!.lc,ulad.ons for vol,atile ,oH~, did not .~ e:!iIlU :I. II ~!]y d,e:c (!a.S e il'l Be c tit a.cy. t.be limi u' of ~b,e t" c O:rfc 1a t ion",re 'E!:vl.de[u. These:

eo~nz

].i3Jt

!l.esultl> ci3J1 e:~ loa til,on:s Ttu~: ~util!itica]

of tn.e So I I:ltl ,efi .a;r~, ~b O/l,1ll in 'Ii i.s 5 ., 8l!.. a'~'~Il't,~!~y iSI pfOVlih;!d.

:e:,a$-o.U.t{lc.iQ ,BfI , 8(:., ;'!n,[I RIl'. lr.ll T.albI,~ 9'., In

Re~!l!lts of tbe vi5eosit, c~lculatio~5 for ga~,-satlJ:"a,ted (:t'l](!e 0:1. h !!I["e~h'I;l\o"i1 .l.r.I, Figs. 12A and. ~esylte; bo~ever. ll~ ~eeut"ae, solutiofi 121)" The statistic .. l ,.:lCellTilJcy .of the .;:or;ehUol1l~ i~ ti3J' -'Di 1 T~ t io ~ i~ eXc,eS.6l Qf 1, M)O sa j::in . 'f.a.b l,e 9 p.m,.ig.ed i.n Tab Ie 14. Gi:J.!:!'"all'll Con:n.al1y is c.m:"te ht ion p'!f"Qvides the sta t is t ic,al H!~U 1 t S fo'1:' 't;;i;)e vi!lJrious t ,~nil cd t.o .o!'''~ p f e ill i.(; t o,il 1:' vi 8 ~.'G.~ i,t)' i 1£ Il egg.S a!!ld lJ're:U,u;:fe r<ilpg~'~ i:f.!i'C<!il,B,C of fhe ~;::!:I~r~l il1l;:lc;c;I!.o'i";3Jc:;,' of (;or:r~lat ic'n sho'"'!!" an oppo~it,e: tt'en,(! • ~he eol:rcl.1~ i~}n~ ",ria tl'leir fel8Jt ion~l'Ii:p' to, thE I iI:,obin~O'!l' 5 ~,~'gi5S am ~ Rob i ilI,:I; ~1lI '5, ~.oltr e 101t i oro, \;'3,6 f Qi,l!l d to be 00 F,e b1:l~~1.c-pt!:i,flt il'Te~a:l1re ICorrela,t :i.orn~. L~.$<!t@r!,6 accurate. Any :i.lIiIp:tDvement in "ccil.l!~y~tw1;l1d no'~ be ~,orr,~ bti'Dfi i.t! Hl!!heili i~ it 5 appli,ca ~ ion a,bove eKp.ecl~ecl DIISed ,on a CQrDPIl dllorn of tb,e' ~e,BLI h s found by ~o1ud on g~~-oU u h OS of J. 000 SCF I Ahov,e ~1'Ii8 ,tbis ~Dd:. <11](3. 'tile T~SIJ hs aet,eT"milu;e tilf"o,~gh ttlt. va,lue, ~OIll1@ of th~c,a lCl1latcdi va li;!!:l~ l"ellcn'E!J t'iTn:!: upper

1~l'Ii£

iLm.ulilce

Ch5,6!

cOf'tela.t

Lon proltilde,d deelifi~s for

th,g

best

I~

Yn

sn .

~Q~relations1 d€v~lop~~nt. Furth.rmor~, Ch~w ~fiJ GOi'lIlaUyflllll'ld, th<l!t, toe labor a t or}' rneasuu-e,o, dllta c sn be in e rr or 20%" which iscol11pat<lb}'Q to the 5tatlscies fm,H'I.a, neire.

" ~}i f,orm~ d on "'olume Lae ~ or at bubble-point 1 p~eSBure re~ulting from dif[er€~tial
liberstign, B11/STTh

~ oil fo~m~tion
prtR~~re Db liSTll

~tSlllti"g

volu~e

factor

from

flasb

at bubble-point liberation,

Results

of

the

unders~tur3~ed

oil

visCQ$it,

.;:a l.c.u La t ions ilte:snOWf! i:~ Fig::. 13A ~iiI,d 13tl. The sC~t i s t :i.ea 1 a,c~"'r8~y Qf the corte lations is giveo in I,able 15. llot.h cOH~la~i(j,n5 ga'l,Nl .... ,e,ry satishctory ril !'I 1.1 H ~; hOIl,l,ever, tbe method .;If V,azq'.}e~ <lod Begg,s is te c omme fI,d e,d til sed O'l'ItlH! ~ imp 1 i e it)' e fit,~ f'Q~mu 1,<1, :ton t and ~1 l.gntly better Stat :!.sties.

Cot'lC L1J81ONS
Pb;l;' ~.

c 0 ~r e J, '" t ing
bubble-point

p..eper "a,S r.tI:'i.t ten with Crneval:' i OiH PVT eo n' e h ti ens a,ecutl!l,CY for- appH,clldon in the This

ha,s

be(!n

sl1,(lW~'

t'h.a~

.cOla~.!i'~

bile gO.;ll,l (1£ ["evl@:1i1i,fI:g and e o[]]P~ r i Ill! tbe it '~ (lyU of M.(!ldco. It cone la~ :lot,) yiel,d,s the

number f,o'~ c O'I! 1Co ul;'l. t i 118, pres~ure

be$t

results

lor

'p~e$$1;I~e. BolutLQli v,tli tl!fiI!!. 'f:a~t,or. At Jl8 ia,

,ga.,s-oi 1 Tat io. ano oi I IOFWla don, ~·o,ll,lt,ion ga,s-'oi 1 rat i o a ab.ove 1,400

ca~cul~tio~~

of

bubbl.-p(jin~
than 1,000

Pf

bubbLe-point

rreBgu~e

E~cto~

SCF/SIB, a~4 bubbt~-poi~t prea~tlreS g~e3ter

~a,~.8,t: IS cor ra h.t i,o[l,$ fot tbe~e va 1oes sllg", a <Je:cteaM!. ill a.ccL.lr~ey, For tnes,e ,c,",ses, Va~i:lLle~ ;:ina llegE:~' cor re l~t ion is mote accurate. ThE! i so t herma I

compressibility Df aft un~.rsatur~ted oil is be~t ~~t~tmined ~sing C31houn's correlation. Dead oil vis,eo,s it] is I1tQsta.cclJtately 4. te l,!t!ifl~.d liIi ~h Gla.s~·' s cnr r'a l.ilt ion anoil the rnetl10ds ,of lleg,B,s and Rob ins on ,and Va~qu,ez ,~~d !leggs should be 'lJ8e~ fo:r de~ermining 'tnc. vi,s cos it ty 0 f &<l'~-sa t, L~T~,t e iI ~n d und e.rI; a t uta Ited 01 Is .

~ st~ndard
~to~k t~nk

fl~sh[~&

cubic fe~t of g~s lib.r~ted per barr~l of oil as a r~3ult o~ ~ bubble-point oil, SC~!SrB

,st8[ld~ r d ,eubicieet of g.;tS li ber~ted pe~ sto~k t,allk banel of oi.l re5uHing f r om differentially lo~ering the pressu~e belg~ the bubble-point, SCFjST~

Tllis ,",otk has, COf!lp.il~~.d. the .I'!ccur~~y of seve,::-:;!1 [,V'F ';;{'~Telations ay e;'l;,clusive:ly\l.sing measLH"eddata in tbe e or re ls,t :i.gi'lS • 'Furthe-r work ~twu hi, be LU'ilg,e.lttaken to dU,(l'!."mine the illlt.eJ:"a.c:ti.ofl ~etlo:'e@n t~H: <lif hf~IT~ aorrBlation~. For illlstance, thi$ ~ould ~nt~il u~iog c a hcula'ee,(I villlle3 ·of solution geBS ~oi 1 ~a.t io intflc oil £orm~t ig'il volulI!e fil~to'~ ,eorI"e.l3Jt,ions. atld~a'lcilla ted vBl~es
oil). in the ~ortelat io,lls for g~s-iSatllr,';l.t,ed !Lnd t1[],Qers.,s.tm:!lted oil viseed. t,y., Tbi 8 would allo"" the aceut:'aq' 0'£ these ,eo'H,el~tions to be asc@:rta.l.fle(i for i~8 ~ance8I;1h,e~e measured, 4ata is, comp1ete.ly l~ckillg.

= reservoir

temperature,

.p

of

viscosity

(both

for

dead

and

gas-s~turat~d

~~asured

- cal~uLated

s:

WO,

lE.~,ji ,,~ I""~' ,__ L::.......J,-,=,,"-''_.,

Boh " oil
p1:'eS6U,~e,

aver ~g,e ,';Ib,~0·1 u r ,epe t c ,e;il ~ error

forED.'It10'111 volUiil!2 he to'~ atl!mbb le-poirnt. 81>1/81:':& ~tandaTd de~i~tioD (ab~olute standard

( '-__

deviation (Ii

de~errnilled

1 fQrn..a ciotl vo I uf!!e filGt{)~ reslIl tins d i fhrei:ltlal U ber a t ion, Bbl!ST5

using fr'OiIIi
ave.~ase

absolute errQr alld absolute error)

·-

'1",,)

oil ~pecifie
oil spe~ifi~ ( .... .acer = l)

gravity gravity

(water

I)
pr~.sure

B.

Chierici,

~t bubble-point

G. L., Ciucci, G. M, and 5eloechi, ft.: "r,"O-PbSl;~ Vertical Flo"" it) Oil Wells P~erlictioL~of I'te~!iIllLe Drop, "J. PH. 'Tech.
(AIll._,

1974) 927-938.

~p~cific g~8vit, of under~~turaberl oil at re~ervoir t~~PGratgTe I~aler = 1) TD~O

~
=

9.

Frick.

r,

C:, ~

P,et ro 1~·t~I' hoduc

t.i,on ]9.

H~n_o:lb().ok. ,of

sp~cific g~avit, of under~atur~ted a~j~~ted to 60 ~r (water - 1)

tots.l
~aS '"

oil

Volume II, g'o.;:iety of AI1'IE> DaUas, (962)

rx

Pctroie'Jlll [t'sLile.e.rs
Ctlapt..

10.

G1~Bi.'l,

''I'g'" 'r'g(p) ~

sp.ec:i. fi.;;
gt:.!Ivity

<'~a",.ity· ..

(air

1)

0. ~ "'Gcoel"a.li.zecl Pres 8ur,e-\lol i,imeTemper~turc Correlations.H l. Pet. Tech. (M.ay; 1980 )185,-795.

gas specific (:li~ = 1)

oEI! pressure:

'''I''''
.. 1)

11.

Lasater, J. A.I "Subble Poi.n~ pressur~ Corr~l~tiun,~ Trans. AIM~ (1958) Vol. 213,
J,79-JBl ()~t~rf!l.a.!1n, • R. Eh1.ig-E:conomiae!O, C. A., ana ~Correlation~ for the r Lu idP ro p er tie s of Ii. La s ~,a[\ c~ 5 • " ud,e; 1110] pre£ented at th~ 1983 ll,egiofL.!ll Me:e tins, \l'e!"l~l;!.t'a, CA. (Har ,. 0.,

ViSCDSi~, 01 u~4e~sat~rated

eil, cp

D~ola.bi, O.
11.<.:: s c ~'" 0 i:r

o.~

paper 23-25" .13. authors, '"'Oll l.d 1 ike to C'h!lnk the H:.!I11Hlgel1len~ of M~li:'nh(jn (Ii 1 'C'CI!f!paL'l), for pe:riili~s,i'Dn [0 publisn this pap@:r and the ilnh'@:rs,hy a,f Southlo'~s~f!rl:1 101..1'1 i ans s ".he:re ti1l b re s ea r eh waa unilel:taken • Al~o , spec ia.l t'hanKs is, Si .. en [0 NaneUe: Matner.!',"; .Eor typit1l!J; 'tnt S mO:![1J~,S,e d pt.
The Sts.n.d ing,

5pE

Ca U £{Orfii<l;

198.3) •

n.

B,::
1i

Correlation and (;s~e5, 2 7~-2.1l7 .. 14.

"iI P'res ~.llr,e,_;V"oliume-TejjrpG ~iih;i.'te For Hi~tlllres of CalifQrnLa Oils Uri U . .:Ina Pro<!. P~aJc., API (1947)

Sc.and ifL,g" M.. B.: Vollllrnen i C ,111,;;) of Oil Field H)'dro~.&.rb{ll] S~, printing, Sociat' of P~trol~urn AIHE, I),~ 1 h~, TX (1980.
Truhe ,ii.., S,.: Hyll ~OC<l! r:hotl (19'7) Vol.

Pha seE!E!.i:Js1,1:lo"t

9~h
En8inee~B of

IS".. 1.
t!_Il11Y~ .•

"C(j~'!ptes~i biI:i. ty of
R~s~1"'Voi~ F 1 III id~",

ana I.(hi t ing, !l,. L: Pe trol eum Reselt\>oir IlI'lgine.eT illg; l?h;u_!!eah Pr'(';M£ties,. Mc;Gr~liI-HiH Book Co .•• t<le:(of 'iot'~.,m (196005' 39'5-.397.
,il<ll.~,~, Mi •• ,

J .w.

D,

Jr.,

2.10.

341-344,
ions

UndienatLLf,a "Pr,B.ns. All1:E

t ed

1Eo.

Va;!;,qll'E!~, H.

E.;

"C,ot te ht

h,-," F}tdd
'hesis~

Phyd~a

Property University 17.

W~t50n,

Predi~~io~,~M. S.
of luls~ (1976).

The

2.

A.iz, K., Govier,

~P~e~3~Te
Gil,~ ,"

~rop
Cd!,!.

J.

a~cl FOlaEa~i, M.: Well~ prQ~ucift~ oil ~fi~ . l'e~. T'ir:,ch. (Jl!.ly-Sept, , urn.)
Ln

a. w.,

3:9-48. J. Il'ea 1, -C.:

G<ts, Assoc i8te.o, Gs.ses at oil fie 14 TeGl.pe'~atut!!:s,;~1~ Pt,e:s.su.re:s," a 5PE Rep1'iflt Series No• .30i 1 arid Ga 5 PrO!2;e.·~ EVI;!1ua tion ty 8.nd Re serve &st imate:s,. Soc.:i.e~)1 of 1',E!.troleulII E.n,gine:e.rsof AIM!:, D" l.'l as, TX (1910) 114-127'. Cruile Oi 1. s.T1JciIts

K, M., NRlsoo, E. f., and MULph" G. B,l ~CharacteLizati{lD 01 Petrolc~m 'factions,~ Ind. and E~g. C~em. (193') 1460-1464.
Conversion

"The

ViSC05

i ty of Air,

W<l~(l:r, N.atut'a.l

51 ~etric

Factors

bbl
C

ep X 1.0*

1.5B9 813
+

uh

d.~ree

API 141.5/(1]1.5
degree f

x:

E-QI ~ m3 E-03 • pa'S

E-02 ~ m,3

2. 1); 3 1 68 ~

4.

Beg~s.

H. D. eDd Ro~in.Dft. J. R.: "~sti~a~inl the Vi~eD$it, of CTuele Oil Syst~ma,~ J. Pet.
(Sept."
G . G.,

(OF - 32)/1.8 ~ ~C psi x 6.89~ '57 E+OO kr~

DAPl)

g!em]

hcn,

1975) lUO~1UI.
L",

S'.

IhoWTI.

K.s.tz, ,[).

OberfeH.
GaS"O U~~

G. C .. , snd
and

Alae:fl. R., -C •. : Na.lural Vol~tile Hyd~oearbo~s.

Arnerico!!,

Th(!

"

N~tu~al Tu l.aa .• OK (IIM8) 48.

G~$_

As.oeo

of

6.

GBJ inolJr!,

J. C., .Jr.: F'U1:l('la!1"~~nt.ah of Illl~,er"'oh EIl:si!i@(!:dtlg,[,Jni.".<!:~d~y of (lkhholl1ll} l'rll~~,

t'l O'I'!l1all, {lK (1 '947) 35.

7.

Chew, 1. alld CODllall"

COf""!fels,tion [.;Ir Gl!Is-$s.hu:,s,:ted CTu,D,e oi 1.8.," 'I'rs[i,!;. AIm:. (1959) \101. 216. 23-25.

C. A .• Jr.:

"I Viseb~ity

lAS.!.TE~ll

1.1319 ,,). ,(t"Hl

~~a~'0
'Ho

t~ -

• 4~9.67)
~'t

~ _' l3~, ,~~

,•

1'C'T8

'~~(l,-y~)'

I~r[]>(!

Irfi,1:

i.er.l

·~n'( 3~
H.~~
),()H1' ll.ln

!!o,~~J:

:> :101

!!~Ii!l

ff:i t~,-ei"![

'A~I .:;: ~o
~j

~l C2
o.:l

~&,,'%

ci
c,~
C.3

,.,I~"

',~~I ) )0
~~",(}6

~"l~~~ lO"]'~J

1.Il1Jr ll"n~

~O.

~.1~10 ~~J

lo

• ,2, 18 xLO-.ol'~
!;Q

•• R.

7~~B~!S
.~,~t:

;Pia~ • rr

~.5,
(T

Lir.d

~"

~IQ;I!:

f.H I: l~n~ c!
~l

~J

~,I.~W&

~.~n ., !.1~t .. l~"·'~ .,

·.I!~I
3001 l~-.ol

'",;rl
4.~1~
'!.to<t) i.1H

l~,-·B

~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ]~-9

}~

r,.,

f.

'., .L.

~,.
~~

'e

~~9,,~n

I~"-

...!L._

~EJi.~l.4

~.v4 - '(O.l~'

~ _ T·i~l.i~J ~1"Al"15·nCi<1. ACCU~.c~ 0,

~. ,. lCZ
:rt'~'!!!~IJiJ'i:::

!l'<MJE $ B"'~BI£~ !'OlL'II ~'~SS~l£

OORkEU ttoss
''1ij1:t,gLl'I-::t.

R~imgll::

Sl~~QLDg

~
-11 .~~
1>.3&
~, -~j

~
-~~_~l 36.!S ~L:l~ ~6.4~

~_OM

~S.lJl.

J.,Vi~l'IIJ:;~

E,Tr[)r

~2L

:S1;;.a'f!~.cI''j:'1,I

:g.~rjL,~tJ.l:i'!'! j;,V!li:I'&~1!!! ;I!,~i ~1 ur,.e 1 r e ec c S LI ndJIi'rd 'D":'l~iI,t:i~n

sn ~6.n
2~"~~ 29~~O

-16" 70 ~l ,~~
~7 ,L,~

~l.~~

~,&.!~

Ii'~·.e'['''~~. !t~rD~ .s~,a'fi~,1'rd. '(!leT D'" .Ii;~t'.r,l~~. Ai!J!!! Dll}tl~ 'I ~ l'I!!'n4,1'~~ '[lit:~i I,L~,.i..DIl

1 ,001

- ~:

l' ,000 t5IA

t,.~~.~
E;.l'r(l'r

:L3_ilIl
:LLlo
~,H

8._'(I(l

~,~~ ,b:i~;~

~L~

U.i1

IL7~
13.02 )O.~~

-l-O~
~~"~)

~.~~
~,,~2

U.$~' l:l:_QD

l,OO!
A'~"!:',1~~'

~.M~ ~5.1A

E:l'r,[)r 'D~~ ~.I,'t iDn E.n:L[)r' ,i'i:\lIt['''~~' ~.b~~l!.:li:: e: 3~.ni!u~ D!t"ti"i01 t.IoliIi 3';:~'nrd.l[,~

l2 _~~ :LJ .~} ~.,&.il

~.~~
LL~

13_ ~~
~Q

3.~S
j~".~

-2 _~I

1~.~~
'9 .,~~

,9~

B,~O

~.~~
l~ _~4
11.11 II-56 ll.l~'

~.'l~

L83

,.,fKl1
1I."'~rLI.Ee

4,000 p~U

~ l:.n:·~J:'
OL~'I/

IS_l~ 1.~.}2
~ •. U~

$1[1Jf.!II!'B,r.~
~'Ii'l!;r,!!I,P.i;j;

t.a Ii. ~t1~

% I!l::n'~r

~-~
~'. 7~ ~.1Il.

1_~ ~'_l~

.kblIllQjij,rtt" De',",'i.j!il;.i(ll"i

!;t.iJ['II:L@,:J:~

LB1

~.U L4~

~ - 0 .l~

.• ~,,~~ -.~ t no~; f'-~'_ ooti<8] "~.),

.• ~'.,. 51· •.TI
~

~.OOl
"'VIZ;[I,El.'~

•. ~ ,OO~'
1
1I'~I'Ii
fI

P$~A t:!.O'!l

E,[·I!'{j.r

a. ~3

i lo~

{-.~. QQ~7 2 "~~)

~t.,1nl;l'ILLrtt!
"""IIfI;IIIIi.~P.i

ADiIi,!}l'iitiilJ

~ Et'I'!I:r

l~"t} 1_

SLIiI"i~il:rd

Ihz''1iilli:i[)11,

14 ,~~ 7.}O

~o

IB~}S

~_M
~,,6B, }-~~

~]'.~&
~ "~'1

i~. 73

~.~m 6.9~
~"4~

g'_~l

~.~~

~OM

FSa

.... ~I'.Illg~ V

E.r~,~&'

l~ ,~~

~t,ilirl"idi.t:r,d

:I)~'I!'iiIL!i:i,[!I1'Jj

lI..bfl,~l!J!::'r: ""...~rItBc :St.,IiILn~.Ir[·,d :n.~¥.'iil:t1~11

:E.;tr.g,[,

11., ~~ j,&

,.n

.L2,,~,~

1~.,66 ll.n l~.~~· ll.~l

;).~2 i!.~~

U.6~
l:l_5~ 13_H lO.n

!~.~6
).~.~I

~O:llll.:u

III.nS ..CI~, • 1~O)~O.H5 IM),-O.D~

b ,., ~,,,J\4' (R~.

~~ ~ ~,(r:~ ...e ;E1'''1f1'~ SiI:.I,,,,[Iiii r:Q DI~v LI t. ii:!1il A,~~.t"!i~ ~ibl!!l:I:lfIi!ll'~ S t.L.iI1~ .. rd, DI'Il'illt:LEiilJj

~ ~

27 .l~ ~~r~r l'i.5G

O.~~

~o,n
Z~ .G~

,.,~

.~~ .~6

l.:l.~~

il~ .~~
,L,B.~O

2.I.U' ~bAl

.~~' ~~.~~
-~.~1 11 "~~

19.~'

V.lH,1JI: ~
S'riLn~I
~iI"f II I

I ~Al

~O!;U'!IJ!':;~ O"F sOLunQ~ .Sl"l['id,'~rng

~!o_S-~I ~ ,~"iI()

~O~R~L.J,T
'!J ..
!,9 .... Z; ~

ON~

sr A71

TAaI:£ I~
~fl C~~ oI.C~UIU.~~ Of~~~~l1!-,~O; foIT

on

fOItI1il.TW,1I

u.ee

J:,lifnS!:

.~,.:~
6.~1
~D.,l)
'~~

~Ol.lliill FAC10ii W~~Ei.!l.T) (lJI~

<

1 ·,00(1 PS]~

L~T,~r,!!l!,I!:~ :s.Ii.IiJIl~ilir4
.~'I"i!ill'iil<liljt

:[1.'1'';'5:'
r..r'!i(!'[

~1

_~a

tJ,t".i.~t ~.a!:ll .!I!rblll,fl'. lilt I !

~~!H~·.:!ar~ D~'L' 5,~ L ;.~p

1 ,(MU -~,.@O

l,R ,.~7 ~'~ .1'~

~ ~

_~~
.~~

I~ "2oti

.~~

~L~.) ~7 (~·a ~G.4~

1,3L

lS. ~.~

~l_l.~ ~) ..

~~ ~~

\I,1il [',A,~e: :I: :E e ~!)~ oS t.1JI::.d.lJil"d 'D.:\, i.il i: ~,~r. Avc'r~~~ A~~~'~t~ ~ ~:rr~f ~ L!Iiltd iii r.~1 Jh','.1' ~ ;ii'," i. ':JilI

~Q.90
~,j]

-l,.67
l.H

L ~9
2:_HI

~,n
L~~

~I.~I

Jj;'f!f'['.I:£;e

:t

FSIA

I:'[';ttl~

5hoo, •• d De'PI.lj'I:.5.1:I1l An'["·lSt~ ~~~'ol yt. S!tl'n(l,lll'~ De'!-lilit ~.DIl

-,~~
'~~~ii:li~

-u _~O
l' _S2
~~"

Z~"~~

ia_o~
~2. 12

1~-~1

-}.2~ 32" 3'~ P .n n 21

)-

i~_1~ 22_40

H,_9~
sr ~'n 5TlCAL ACGu~Cl'
GORR&~nG~S

VI<BIL! U u~ l~orH:r.Jt~L

(;o;!t;p~ES~lBl ~ITI
(fl~

fOR. U~~~R.S"'T~~"rE,~

,~~i

Ji., ... 't:["'Ii~!iI:

~ 3,O~O f~l'" ~
El'['i!Jr

:l,ii:!_II,nii-lrdl A~'~,,~;r, 5'~!!I,fi4,arr:!l

D'C:"P'i.lIJti.I;!"11
~~i!i(;lli.:l~11!l

·-1~.,60 is. 5~
20

l :E:~~;.:i'

D~T ~,:I!IJ;. ~,l)fiJ

lJ_~

.~~

"·~.~9 b.'96

~~.'9~
~~, 3>b i2 _M !~,~1

~ _2~ ~

~l.1~

O_T~ l,~_8~ n.&~

JO.~S

~~e !t.aJ:~' ...

~ till['Jd,~,~.[I

'~

if: r [,·1JIr
ll\~T a_.llit.IQD ~~~O[

-~.~}

-.~.,~O

Av~,['~~~~I~~~,l~te t S ti],l1;d .. rd Di!!IIY{;" ~ l Dill

is.!' B_O'
]}_n

.~r_~~
~~"~9
:lO"~7

30,le

~"~O

J',(IoO'l ~ ~"OOO
A'~r,:'Ir,Ii:E!t

~t.,Il1l, .. d Dt: ... i.llt.i~ Al\~,[',.t!i!t tbl Dl..:J~I~ Shl>ll,.d D!t'filtt.:L'[m

~ lE:rI'O[

P51~

2).20 20. ;4

-~9A)O!, 16_~J
E'[,I'Cli[

-11 ",63 H,,(l1 l~

-20~"~1

~~,~~

.~6

m.LI~
21",11

~L l~

-n,~~
i:!._W
l~.~~

1~.~)

~],~]

13-~"
7~SU: l~ ~i~. 14 !2.}~'
]4.~~, U.9~
~ :=, ,E.Z'Z'D&, 5~LliIlndji ..rd b~:'I.' t. Len l-l A.,c. r A,~ .;I.,b~ -:;;l!.!,~~ ;it A'f'!iI'lri

,~,OOl ~,OOO Fsb Ji.n,[' .. ~t: t ~Lrr'DI' s.~I,~·§hli-~ !)~~:~ ~'!; ~JDifj :t Et'ro[!" ,iIi,'f.n"'litll: ...'b.D.l!JI!i:~
~ttlillo,.d,n·~ I;!!t~:~IIJII::L!O'D

·21 ,~6
J,~_~j

~L,H L,~_

.,&0

n ,.~6
l~,,~J

~a

~n.(110
I~,,~,~

~rA'rr STl.CA,];. ACC~fi.AotY "" U.Kill£~~~ V~FlI\.U:D D·I L FD~T10li V(>].J,iI!"[l;r~';:TOR t'~.LC~MTJ:(I,~S .

~I B ,~6
l~

!l .12 16,.,~~

>

5',~

p~U
%
E:r!'ClI"

"''''i!!i,r'!!!!:I!:~
SIi:~fld~ii'.:!I
~'Ii'ii:I!'IIi:8~

-so
'E.'["['Qr

,~5

-01-1]

D~~i~ti(;ln

8t ..Ilrid

IibllJohliti::: l l,iV~ ~t:"I;'llit ; en

2!~,,'OO

~~ .~~

2'!L~i

49,~1

.~~

-i~.6,~ ~L1~
t.O.I)~ 27 .~)

-iL8~
~8_1l7

f.r,raI

1<1 .10 M, 3,~

,~O.,IB 36.06

5l~~~~rd D~~t~~iQ~

~~.J.I ~', 1~ O.~9

~.c7~

-~,,~9 ,~,,~~ ~,~&

a, ~)

i~hl
,I;'!,I~lliIIg.'i;

1 E'['r~l
~'~Vi.fjt.iOD ih~'~~,!!!

~l,.~~~r<l
:S~'I!!:!"!~,1~.;!

-S.~~ 21 :>9

-~.OO
2~.2'Q l~ _43 ~L

~ ~r~~:t:~~~ .!'I,~b{~1iI 1ft ~ % !;rr'!)lr

[ ~,~iI'I

.~~ ~~
~e.. 7~'

1 "3i. ~O, 9':1 ~I -H

:i!:z_}~

~ ,,~O

re

V,,~~ lL~j
21ll,~~

T~~IE B
S7ATunCAL ~CORAt'i ~r D~1i.D OIL ~l,~co~n·l' ,Ci)R:IlBi:.i\.1".I.D~~

~"~nll. l ~'rmr

:s i:.!ii l1ia,~ rd
~~!t:r
.t~i::

1~.~8
32 ,~~
Hir

-l2 .• ~~

[ii!l"ijl~~ ~j.,il

~b'''Q'~

u.~!t

:I: E r

~-~~
1~ ,01

~S.~~

:~e,~l
l3 ..~)

S t.iiUird a rd

(Ie''J'i~ t.i~1lI

11 ,~l 2J,1) 1~" ~~ U"B~

TA~LE

1~

~TAn

Sn~AL

,u;~OR.l:c:r

OF C;!,S·-~~T~R.I<T£W

0'1 ~ ~l5CO-S IT!!" GOR,I!;E lA.') O~~

A'I!!!'iI:

II.SI~

~'rJ:'[!I['

-1L~~
iIJI<i

11 .O~, 19.2.L 17.)1.

S t.oI!ildll.ro
,I;",,~

r.,~

e.~ i.b:ttllll,lil;,;e

D.e'§'.lil,l

S i:. ... ridil,r(!

:ii' Dt:... iu; iotl

F!t',~t1:r

~ .'1~ I 22, ~4,

I? _80

U_~L

T.t~1:E! ~
S:fAl·~Sn'L.J,:1.~[ltlltu.d~ ()F tl:Hii!~~~~ 'b!Vi.T,E~ O:~.L~15Q)~)n

'ORR£U,.T)(IlIS

.!'!~""iji

~ t.1iII,Dd S,tilj

.\V;jl:,[ ~;!;~

r.IIiI,!l1!! .:t E e ~~;r ~:rJ D~"'l~!:: i~1j'J I!li'i11ii1 ~ I,jIIL.e ~ rhd,~ ~~ iD:.e'f:~,. llCiI1i

-{l.n
~~,i"tt:t'

5.,50 3.U

,-~,~

5~
,

0-

50

~ 45

-,.."
i-

~ 40
IOC
<.!>

5,0

~
I

?~ ~.
,:Z

_, ss

"
~
I

I
r-,

'~I
I

~ 25
I
'F'""OI

r-,

I ,

r-,

:iJi!'

-:::!

..,.,

4.:8

cf', .____.4.4

~~I
, , I I I , I

'J j

1,5100

GOO EFf£CTiv!E

,~OO

400

",

500

MO~ Er:u~ lUll Wt':l(;H 'f OF ,,,NK OIL

(;

Fig~ 2 - Effective molecular weight

l ss at.er , ref.

2.

II -

related to tank-oil gravity (after

11)

6
,~

I ~
I

0
'6

~.

_'1i~
1

I i
I
,

0.6

I I
}

I
I

r:;/'
0,

20
0.8. 1..0

~~
, I

'O.r.l 'O,~ O,~

GA~ MID~.E: FRAe T~ON

"

Fig. 1

factor (~fter lasa er, ref. 11)

;III

Bubble-po nt pressure

1'5

-."-I
I
I

10

r-,

I I

d,

II'

I,

<,r-,
Q,S

....

a,

0.5

O£

0... 7

Fig 3 - Carr e l at 1on of 1S ot.herma) (J11 compres s bll i ty {aJt er C a 1 110un, ref. 6)

II!

f ~'~I. .~ -

~;:If ht ; O~ of ~~eUd8~C~H i c~,l t ~,e~ ~h're ~i t~ spec I f'l t ~r~~U:r and b1U~b po i nt of 1 jqu ~~ 1e CDrTe'Ct e~ to SO "F ! ~ft~r' T~~be. ~~f. 15) "

FI ~. ~ - .A~p'rD~ i m~t~ ~.~r·1~tl M ~~ ~'~,eudo" e"~tk~ 1 W~:~~~"ft ~110 ~~e~da-er t~ i u 1 t.J;:J1l)e,..~ty,.~,.,.1th ~~~C 1 f i~~~ \! 00 11 qij 1,d ~yt CD~~ect~~ 1;{1 16{l·~ ,[~f·te~ ~~b~ ,rd. T l~}

~ ,

"

,.,-<

1,\

,
~ J i 1
j

"
,

\,

1\
I

,
1

'"

~
K
,f'>,

,
I
,

~
I
... :!;r:....J,:o-I'!!~~rIl . ( r,~""i'"JM .. n.rt'.!l'.

I
I-

'

,
!""",

'I ,ir--• , ,r-•

0

1'>..

1\ 1\ I
1,\ II"

I I
I

r- r-.

i' ......
t-.r-,
! ,

,r-...

~~~

~'J •
I'"

II

I
,
k'"",,1

,
,

r-.. .... , '

-

..... '\.\.I '\l

1>..

I
i

,J

· ! · r- ._ r-,

....

•
I'-t...

,
j

r.,

-,

~'~' ,, ,I '~ {
1

I~
I I
I
I

II

'

1-.
d

· • · .,
,
iii

r ...

r-I-." I
-

r"N~
" .x
'~~I

<, '\..~,I' .~"

~

'\

"A 1'\.' t\.' ,['X

I"-

,
I

[\\

1\
I

I
I
I I I

,
-

~
1

,I

.•
r i~.
'i&

I
+
0,

..

JI

'6- ~urN hU
il..'1

~R ~t p~'c~4Q· rM'U Ged ,COf11)~ess i~ J it) i IlfiI1delr~ atu~nlNl Il'il hH~f 1rube , ~ef. 1~,)

-'~~~~~:-·~~~~~~I---~:~
o <> <>

¢
0 Ci

~I

~--I---I~--'k--~---+----t---I------+---+---+~I

-,

II

.,
<> <>

•'!i[

'"
~

..
iI.

,~ ,~

~ ~ e
<L

'"

~
if.

; ~
~

-~ 0

~ ~ ,~

I~

<> <> .;,

""

'" " :

..
0 Q

.... "'
;0

g.

,w

~ ~ ~ ~
,,",

:=

....

~,

..
i
'ij

:g_

-~~---4----f---~---4.--~-.~'-~~~. ~·-;.'~.~-+----t----r---;i

...

-+------1-------+---df----+--s-.~1~.,-.:.p-; i
I

-1--+--1

~·~'-r----r----t----7---_'~--;r----r-~.'~.~.~.I~~~~ .• ----r---~~ _-.~-~~.~' ~ '~~ t- ~ 8:

~~~

. .. .. ;: '~ . -:: -+--i---'l---II--+--'t---t---'l._-+-..::;.... .. = ·l~p;:+... ~ .. ",

,~

'.' .~:
"'
0,
~,

.'

oL:! c-

~ ~ ~,

I~

0,

~ ~ '"

'.
,~

~ ~, ~

"" <>
<>
<I'

., '"
<>

'"
~

<:>
'0

... ...

· .. · ..
s
",l

~ ~~ ~

'" 1:
'e 'Ii!
~,

'.

z::

'"
Co

<>

J::;

: ; :

g~

-'

Co <J Q

.. .. '" .. '"
<:> <>
'0
0

.,,",.

<>
lei·

'e,
,."

.,

...
0

..
<), <J' Q,

<>

'O"

iL":!

..,
C!

<>

"*"

.. ""
'D

<>

'!:I <:I'

<:>

<>

co

<:>

co
,r".

.. "

.,
'"
C!

.,

," "

~
,~

., ~

"

..
~
<>

<>
'9-

<>

<> c

I"
1

1"

'" '"
co

~ ~ ~
~,

.
:~

'"
<> <> <> <>

<> <> <>

e
,
,U

'"

..
I

~
<>
0

<:!'

<J'

L-

~ '" E ~ <> '" ;; ... "" 'i '" ~ ~ !~ '" :;; e '"
C> ¢
<:!

.' i i ..

~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ "~ or '" ,. " ,

w 0

111'

,'_

'"
<> <> <>

,.' '

.;;:

.. . ~: •
,~ I

.... ~
e ~
!ii'

.. i .., '"
co
C ~i Q C!

Ita >

,.'

1
<>

.. '"
<>

'N

~ ~ ~ ~ ... :: ~ ~ ~, ~ .,
~'

" ..,
e>

-.
~I

· .. :;:'. "~ '" ., e '"

0,

.. ., .. ~~ .. ~ ~
<J

~ '" t '" ~
c,

.. ~ ~
"

'i

'.'

"'i
<>

'e

'"

c
0

..,
<J

.. ., ..
<l
<:I'

'"

.,
<:i'

.,

" " '"

~ '"

;: ....

'"
0

6;

'"
9

'" '" '"

F.i

'" " '"

Co

<:> 'e>
0

'" <>

'"
Q

.. ..
'0' <>

'I
<>
<;:, C!

-~
T~
c
0

'" "
<>

<:!

'" '"
<>

'"
0

:.
,~
",.

.:.
io"

'"

<> <:> <>

c '"
0

<>
0

'" v.

<J' C'

,e,
'0'

'e> Qo
Q

'"

II

'-r--r--'--'I'

-'-I-r-

4r~O
,~5aO

II

~~~O
,~

i ,~

17'5'0

171
1~~--4-~~I-~~--~~~+-~
, ~--+__47~~:~~~1~--~_+--~-r__+~

·U ,III!

~ ~, ~ ;

20QO

::.. ~

~ ~, ~
!!III

..
•

~~~O
ISM
, ~~O

1/

1/

1/ 1/

I"

_!I

.~

i' ~

1 ~ao

rSa ~OO ~SO

0

2'1'5D

~r-I
1__

II

l5M

"_"-1:I~_~O_!;i_E-IZ_' +'~_' !~'Gi_Il_St'_C_O_" 'I-R_m_~_L_"~If-'_'_O_"'+_-4__ _II__

I '17~_~
I

nSo
~'oao

I-----f--LI--il--+-+-t---+

______ ~_~~-+--~--~-~L-

S ..

I'~O -i--I----+-r----l-f-.l___,.!~M !250

1000

V r/---"-'lj-+-

-+---

... ."
'~

,. •

~~~~--

! ~
'" ~

i i
!'.I!i

~f--I-I-~'_L,'

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

rso
~00

--,~./
---.~~
. '.V"" ;. v ~,:
t

~~-I---t--+-'-+----+/-~/

~~O

tl!~:::.
250

---~7'~

±I_I
u.

L_~~
-~
-1-

-I--

?
,~

.'

~t-'~

_.~~
~'.'.
c

,:1/ ..
!~O{l

,,/

lLJ 'b
I

i/

r,

Ii i
L
'-j .

• "'r;..

- r,

'--'---1-'
V~ZaUi~Z

~
I

l
8EGIJS·

I
CORREU(TIOH

~• ~~ ~
u,

~ ~

~.

.. s .. ~
:;
"ii

~ ~
11---+--

;0
,~

~ ~~
I,

..

--+--'--'.;7'

·,·l/

~.
OJ

..
~,

'" ~
m ,~ ~.
1 <> ~,

I
1

j .

.' I
e

.c

.,
1

~
.2

-2

! -2
I ..~

I .. Ci

tf
.
.

?¥
.~
.

~.• ~,l _

~J?j

L/
1 -~.

VI
I
,t

VI

1/1
I

!
z, 2

,
I

.i,e.

I .,~

.. .. ~ .. ..
OJ

La
'.6

1 "'~

1 -2

lE
.

"

· V
.

v
1.8

1, ~
r.~

..;::
...

..
;~, '.'

25

~ ,

20

..
.,

~ e ~

• ,~
i0

1/

.' " ~ '".

!

..

1Q

J-I

-.:.. . x
,.

~ :£:{( ..

;~>~

L/ L-·'

30

. ]0

~,_~_,~_a_'_~,'EI_:z ,& __

e_E_o~I~_':S_' C_"_O_R_A+lE_~_A_T_I_O_~_'-+ __

~~~~

__,

~ , ~ ~ " ~

2~

~(l

I~

..

")4 ~.."'.1/ .'.:,~ ~~ _. - ... ~+ JI

1/1

10

.V
e

lff .
'0
!!I!!iI iriJLlr+d! fiill

.:.

... ~;iI'" '"

s
ic;!C!mp'

L~

20
....

,.liiI~!JI!~~:!' .., ~~ii

-ii -

:I:

fI

.... 1:1'

/1

l
,r .----.-----'!,----'I.----.I-----.-----.-----IBiEG GS' '" MI!:I~HS()N'S. C~}R R EU"

no~

I'

:~ ~,

.'
u.

V1 /1
1/.· ..
'

1/

I---~__',

."~~1;'
',~
i

,/
"

t------+---+--+------+-------j

I)

B~A~"$

I i;: t;I III R E 1~,"'"1r I'~,NI

WMg~U.~TIf.a:nE~'

O'~)

:~
,2

'I - 5

[7
(I

v/
I

/
.•

/
..

~- 5 2

l
J..

~
V",.~g'UEZ B,E,(I(l~.··

i eOR!!H,II,TIONI or~}

ItJ.'lN~'."~"·TI.'I.A·1l'ilii

=:

~- 5

~ ~ ~
;:

--

~
! -~

!
t. !tl

. ~

~,

~
Ii

v~l

JL

V
"
I_~

/' /'

I I
j
1

su,

ULO

HLO
UI.O

sn.o

W ..D ~

9.0
6.0
1.10

=.
0.

...... .~

. _ ..... --__
-

,_ .

-,

__

.. ,..

- ..
".

'

. -----_--

--,."

.-

- ..... =--

. ~--....-~- .'~ ...

_••••

_._

.-~'''''''.

"' .., __" ••

--

-~

--,

,...

._"'_

-~~;;"'.,.,..

..",-

,HS 2.-

p= ...

.~

L-~~~

__~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~,o

P R [ S I e t~ (.Kg'!,

lOG

.. ~~~~~~~.~

... --

. I ~ ()

- j!::~. _! ~ Ci (I

IT,~J
r"J
DF ~ r;;ll.S

b I~ ,Mn 17 ~ \f:l'l C Hif' ----~----~--~------~--~--~--------~----~----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

rriu n ~

.r:. r.no PO ~i (:1 n

c::o~.!LAP

H E,S!

mJ

__ ~J