Chng 1: GIAO THOA

Cu hi thuc loi kin thc ct li

1.1 nh sng n sc c bc sng v tn s f xc nh, pht ra t mt ngun sng thng
thng, lan truyn trong mi trng vt cht vi vn tc v. Hi trong cc i lng , f, v, i
lng no khng i khi nh sng truyn t khng kh vo nc?
a) , f v v b) c) v d) f
1.2 nh sng n sc c bc sng v tn s f, khi truyn trong mi trng vt cht, vn tc
ca nh sng l v. Hi trong cc i lng trn, i lng no thay i khi nh sng truyn t
mi trng ny sang mi trng khc?
a) , f v v b) , v c) v , f d) f,
1.3 Mt chm sng song song, hp, n sc chiu t trong nc ra ngoi khng kh. Ti mt phn
cch, mt phn nh sng b phn x. Chm tia ti v chm tia phn x ti mt phn cch c
c im:
a) cng pha. b) ngc pha. c) vung pha. d) i xng qua mt phn cch.
1.4 Chn pht biu ng:
A) iu kin c cc tiu giao thoa l hiu quang l gia hai tia sng kt hp bng
k
2

.
B) Khi truyn t mi trng ny sang mi trng khc th mu sc ca nh sng khng
i.
C) Vi bn mng c dng nm, cc vn giao thoa l cc vn thng, cch u nhau, nm
trn b mt ca nm.
D) Mu sc trn vng du khi c nh sng mt tri chiu vo l do hin tng tn sc nh
sng.
1.5 Hin tng vng du trn mt nc lp lnh mu sc m ta quan st c l do
a) tn sc nh sng.
b) nhiu x nh sng
c) Giao thoa ca chm tia ti v chm tia phn x t mng mng.
d) Giao thoa ca cc chm tia phn x t hai mt ca mng mng.
1.6 Trong cc thuyt ni v bn cht ca nh sng th thuyt gii thch tt nht hin tng giao
thoa nh sng l:
a) Thuyt photon ca Einstein b) Thuyt in t ca Maxwell
c) Thuyt ht ca Newton d) Thuyt sng ca Huygens Fresnel.
1.7 Chn pht biu ng:
a) nh sng n sc pht ra t hai ngun sng c lp, khi gp nhau s giao thoa vi
nhau.
b) nh sng n sc pht ra t hai ngun laser c lp, khi gp nhau s giao thoa vi
nhau.
c) Cc nh sng khi gp nhau th lun c hin tng giao thoa.
d) Cc pht biu trn u ng.
1.8 nh sng c bn cht sng in t. Thnh phn no sau y ca sng nh sng
gy tc ng ch yu n mi trng vt cht?
a) in trng E

b) Cng sng I
c) Tn s nh sng f d) T trng H

1.9 Thng s no quyt nh mu sc ca nh sng?
a) Tn s nh sng. b) Cng nh sng.
c) Nng lng nh sng. d) Bin sng nh sng.
1.10 nh sng c bn cht sng in t. Gi E

l vect cng in trng, H

l
vect cng t trng v v

l vect vn tc truyn nh sng. Pht biu no sau

y l ng?
a) E

, H

v v

lun cng phng.

b) E

, H

v v

lun vung gc nhau.

c) E

, H

lun dao ng cng pha, lun vung gc nhau v vung gc vi v

.
d) E

, H

lun dao ng ngc pha, lun vung gc nhau v vung gc vi v

1.11 Trong th nghim giao thoa nh sng bng khe Young, ngi ta dng nh sng n sc c
bc sng . Khong cch gia hai khe l a. Mt phng mang 2 khe S
1
v S
2
cch mn quan
st mt khong l D v cch ngun sng S mt khong b. Khong cch gia tm vn sng v
tm vn ti lin tip l:
a)
D
a

b)
D
b

c)
D
2b

d)
D
2a

1.12 Mt nm khng kh cho cc vn giao thoa trn mt nm. Khong cch gia 2 vn sng
lin tip trn mt nm l 2mm. Nu tng gc nm ln 2 ln v gim bc sng nh sng i 2
ln th khong cch hai vn sng lin tip l:
a) 0,5 mm b) 1 mm c) 2mm d) 4mm
1.13 Mt nm thy tinh chit sut n t trong khng kh. Ngi ta chiu mt chm tia
sng song song n sc ti vung gc vi mt nm. Trn mt nm c cc vn giao
thoa. Cng thc no sau y xc nh b dy ca nm, ng vi v tr cc vn sng?
a)
k
d
2

= b) d (2k 1)
4

= c) d (2k 1)
4n

= + d) d k
2n

=
1.14 Xt mt h thng th nghim to vn trn Newton. Xc nh b dy d ca lp
khng kh m ta quan st thy vn sng u tin. Bit bc sng nh sng ti =
0,6m.
a) 0,1m b) 0,15m c) 0,2 m d) 0,25m
1.15 Mt chm nh sng n sc = 0,6m ri vung gc vi h thng to vn trn
Newton. Tm b dy lp khng kh ti v tr ca vn ti th 4 (k = 4).
a) 0,6 m b) 1,2m c) 1,5 m d) 2,4m
1.16 Thu knh trong h thng cho vn trn Newton c bn knh cong 15m. Tm bc
sng nh sng ti, bit rng khong cch gia vn ti th 4 (k = 4) v th 25 (k = 25)
bng 9 mm.
a) 0,5 m b) 0,55m c) 0,6 m d) 0,857m
Cu hi thuc loi kin thc nng cao
(Thi gian cho mi cu l 5 pht)
1.17 Nu y nc (chit sut n = 1.33) vo khong gia mn quan st v mt
phng cha 2 khe trong my giao thoa th cc vn s:
a) St li gn nhau. b) Bin mt.
c) Gin rng ra. d) Dch chuyn v mt pha.
1.18 Mt chm sng song song c bc sng
0
= 0,6m chiu vung gc vo mt bn mng
c b dy khng i e = 3,0m, chit sut n = 1,30. Mt trn ca bn mng tip xc vi khng
kh, mt di ca bn mng tip xc vi mi trng c chit sut n = 1,50. Hiu quang l ca
tia phn x ngay mt trn ca bn mng ti im M v tia khc x vo trong bn mng, phn
x mt di ri truyn ngc ra ngoi khng kh mt trn ti im M l:
a) 8,10m b) 7,50m c) 0,90m d) 7,80m
1.19 Trong th nghim to vn trn Newton, khong cch gia vn ti th 2 v th 8 (khng
k vn ti trung tm) l 2mm. Bn knh cong ca thu knh l 4m. Tnh bc sng ca nh
sng n sc dng trong th nghim ny.
a) 0,60m b) 0,50m c) 0,45m d) 0,10m
1.20 Ngi ta chiu chm nh sng song song n sc ti mt bn mng c b dy
thay i t trong khng kh, di gc ti i. Gi d
s
l b dy ti thiu ca bn mng
m ti c vn sng v d
t
l b dy ti thiu ca bn mng m ti c vn ti. Kt
lun no sau y l ng?
a) d
t
= 2d
s
b) d
s
= 2d
t
c) d
s
= 4d
t
d) d
t
= 4d
s

1.21 Chiu mt chm tia sng n sc song song c bc sng 0,5 m thng gc vo
mt ca nm khng kh. Quan st trn 2 cm mt nm ngi ta thy c 16 vn giao thoa
(vn sng). Tnh gc nghing ca nm.
a) 1,875.10
4
rad b) 2.10
4
rad c) 3,5.10
4
rad d) 4.10
4
rad
1.22 Mt chm nh sng song song, ri vung gc vi mt bn thy tinh mng hai mt
song song c b dy 0,4m. Hi trong phm vi quang ph thy c ( = 0,4
0,7m), nhng chm phn chiu c bc sng no c tng cng, nu chit sut
ng vi bc x l 1,5?
a) 0,48m b) 0,52m c) 0,63m d) 0,69m
1.23 Chiu mt chm nh sng n sc c bc sng = 0,5m vung gc vi mt
nm khng kh, c gc nghing = 5.10
4
rad. Quan st nh sng phn x trn mt
nm s thy khong vn i bng bao nhiu?
A) 0,5mm B) 1mm C) 2mm D) 5cm
1.24 Tnh bn knh ca vn trn ti Newton th 5 (khng k vn ti trung tm), bit
bn knh ca thu knh l R = 6,4m, bc sng nh sng = 0,5m.
A) 2mm B) 3mm C) 4mm D) 5mm
1.25 Chiu chm nh sng n sc = 0,6m vung gc vi bn to vn trn Newton.
Tnh b dy ca lp khng kh ti v tr vn ti bc 4.
A) 2,4mm B) 1,2mm C) 1,35mm D) 2,7mm
1.26 Chiu ng thi hai bc x
1
= 0,5m v
2
= 0,6m vung gc vi mt nm
khng kh c gc nghing = 5.10
4
rad. Ngi ta thy trn mt nm, c cch mt
khong L nht nh th hai vn ti ca hai bc x trn li trng nhau. Tnh L.
A) 3mm B) 0,3mm C) 6mm D) 0,6mm
1.27 Thu knh trong h thng to vn trn Newton c bn knh cong R = 10m, c
ri vung gc bi mt chm nh sng n sc c bc sng . Ngi ta o c
khong cch t vn ti bc 4 n vn ti bc 9 l 2mm. Tnh .
A) 0,60m B) 0,50m C) 0,40m D) 0,45m
1.28 Thu knh trong h thng to vn trn Newton c bn knh cong R = 8m, c ri
vung gc bi mt chm nh sng n sc c bc sng . Ngi ta o c ng
knh ca vn ti bc 4 l 8mm. Tnh .
A) 0,5m B) 0,45m C) 0,4m D) 2m
1.29 Chiu chm nh sng n sc c bc sng = 0,6m vung gc vi mt di
ca nm khng kh. Khong cch gia 4 vn sng k nhau trn mt nm l 1,8mm.
Tnh gc nghing ca nm.
A) = 5.10
4
rad. B) = 5.10
3
rad. C) = 10
3
rad. D) = 6,7.10
4
rad.
1.30 Chm nh sng song song c bc sng chiu vung gc vo mt nm thy
tinh c chit sut t trong khng kh. B dy ca lp lp thy tinh ng vi v tr vn
sng th k (tnh t cnh nm) c tnh bi cng thc no sau y?
A)
k
(k 0, 5)
d
n
+
= B)
k
(k 0, 5)
d
2n
+
= C)
k
(k 0, 5)
d
2n

= D)
k
(k 0, 5)
d
n

=
1.31 Trong thit b to vn trn Newton, chit sut ca thu knh v tm thy tinh l n,
bn knh cong ca thu knh l R, bc sng nh sng ti l . y gia mt cong
thu knh v tm thy tinh mt cht lng trong sut chit sut n
0
< n. Bn knh ca vn
trn ti th 4 (khng k im ti trung tm) c xc nh bi cng thc:
A)
4
0
R
r 2
n

= B)
4
R
r 2
n

= C)
4 0
r 2 n R = D)
4
r 2 nR =
1.32 Trong thit b to vn trn Newton, chit sut ca thu knh v tm thy tinh l n,
bn knh cong ca thu knh l R, bc sng nh sng ti l . y gia mt cong
thu knh v tm thy tinh mt cht lng trong sut chit sut n
0
> n. Bn knh ca vn
trn sng u tin c xc nh bi cng thc:
A)
4
0
R
r
4n

= B)
4
R
r
4n

= C)
4 0
r 2 n R = D)
4
r 2 nR =
1.33 Trn mt bn thy tinh phng chit sut n
1
= 1,6 ngi ta ph mt mng mng
chit sut n
2
= 1,5. Chiu mt chm tia sng n sc song song c bc sng =
0,6m thng gc vi mt bn. B dy ti thiu ca mng mng hin tng giao
thoa ca chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu l:
A) 0,15m B) 0,10m C) 0,3m D) 0,2m
1.34 Chiu mt chm sng n sc song song vung gc vo mt bn thy tinh phng
ca h thng cho vn trn Newton. Bn knh mt li ca thu knh l R = 18m. ng
knh ca vn ti th 9 (khng k im sng trung tm) o c l 18mm. Bc sng
nh sng ti l:
A) 2m B) 0,5m C) 0,6m D) 1m
1.35 Nhiu sng nh sng truyn theo cc phng khc nhau n gp nhau ti cng
mt ch. Sau khi gp nhau, cc sng nh sng s:
A) Thay i bin . B) Thay i tn s.
C) Thay i pha. D) Khng b bin i g c.
1.36 Mt tia sng n sc truyn i trong mi trng chit sut n. Gi L l quang l v
t l thi gian ng vi quang l th vn tc ca nh sng c tnh bi cng thc:
A)
L
v
t
=

B)
L
v
n. t
=

C)
n.L
v
t
=

D)
n. t
v
L

=
1.37 Xt hai tia sng song song (1) v (2), i t tiu din ca thu
knh hi t n tiu im F ca thu knh nh hnh 1.1. H
thng t trong khng kh. Hy so snh quang l L
1
v L
2
ca hai
tia (1) v (2).
A) L
1
= L
2
. B) L
1
> L
2
.
C) L
1
< L
2
. D) A, B, C u c th xy ra.
1.38 Xt hai tia sng song song (1) v (2), i t tiu din ca thu knh hi t n tiu
im F ca thu knh nh hnh 1.1. H thng t trong khng kh. Hy so snh thi
gian truyn t
1
v t
2
ca hai tia (1) v (2).
A) t
1
= t
2
. B) t
1
< t
2
. C) t
1
> t
2
. D) A, B, C u c th xy ra.






F
F
(1)
(2)
Hnh 1.1
Chng 2: NHIU X
Cu hi thuc loi kin thc ct li
2.1 Nhn vo a CD ta thy lp lnh mu sc. Nguyn nhn l do:
a) Tn sc nh sng. b) Giao thoa bi cc chm tia nhiu x.
c) Khc x nh sng. d) Giao thoa bi cc chm tia phn x.
2.2 Hin tng giao thoa v nhiu x nh sng l bng chng thc nghim quan trng
khng nh nh sng c bn cht
a) ht b) sng c) ht v sng d) lng t
2.3 Chn pht biu SAI:
A) Khi truyn t mi trng ny sang mi trng khc th bc sng ca nh sng thay
i.
B) Khi truyn t mi trng ny sang mi trng khc th tn s ca nh sng khng
thay i.
C) Trong hin tng nhiu x nh sng qua mt khe th cc cc i v cc tiu c cng
rng ging nh vn sng v vn ti ca hin trng giao thoa vi hai khe Young.
D) Hin tng cc tia sng b lch khi phng truyn thng khi i gn cc vt cn gi l
hin tng nhiu x nh sng.
2.4 Chn pht biu ng:
a) nh sng n sc pht ra t hai ngun sng c lp thng thng khng th giao
thoa vi nhau.
b) nh sng n sc pht ra t hai ngun laser c lp c th giao thoa vi nhau.
c) Tm ca nh nhiu x qua a trn nh chn sng lun lun l mt im sng.
d) Cc pht biu trn u ng.
2.5 Kho st nhiu x ca sng cu qua l trn cha ng mt i cu Fresnel u tin th cng
sng trn im M - giao im ca trc l trn v mn nh, so vi lc khng c l trn s
a) gim 4 ln. b) gim 2 ln. c) tng 2 ln. d) tng 4 ln.
2.6 Trong phng php i cu Fresnel, dao ng sng do hai i cu lin tip gi ti im M s
a) ngc pha vi nhau. b) cng pha nhau.
c) vung pha vi nhau. d) lch pha nhau bt k.
2.7 Gia ngun sng im n sc O v im M, ngi ta t mt mn chn sng c mt l trn
nh (OM l trc ca l trn). Gi I
1
, I
2
, I
3
ln lt l cng sng ti M khi khng c l trn,
khi l trn cha 5 i cu Fresnel v khi l trn cha 2 i cu Fresnel. So snh no sau y
l ng?
a) I
1
> I
2
> I
3
b) I
2
> I
1
> I
3
c) I
1
< I
2
< I
3
d) I
2
< I
1
< I
3

2.8 Trong th nghim nhiu x nh sng qua l trn, R l khong cch t ngun sng
im ti l trn, b l khong cch t l trn ti mn quan st, l bc sng nh sng.
Bn knh ca i cu Fesnel th k gi qua l trn c tnh bi cng thc:
a)
k
r k b = b)
k
b R
r k
bR
+
= c)
k
bR
r k
b R
=
+
d)
k
bR
r k
b R
=
+

2.9 Trong th nghim nhiu x nh sng qua l trn, l trn c chiu chm nh
sng song song, n sc, vung gc vi mt phng l trn. Gi b l khong cch t l
trn ti mn quan st, l bc sng nh sng. Bn knh ca i cu Fesnel th k gi
qua l trn c tnh bi cng thc:
a)
k
r k b = b)
k
r k
b

= c)
k
bR
r k
b R
=
+
d)
k
bR
r k
b R
=
+

2.10 Chiu nh sng c bc sng vo mt l trn bn knh r, sau l trn mt khong b c
t mn quan st. Mun tm ca hnh nhiu x trn mn l ti nht th l trn phi cha bao
nhiu i cu Fresnel?
a) 1 i b) 2 i c) 3 i d) 4 i
2.11 Chiu nh sng c bc sng vo mt l trn bn knh r, sau l trn mt khong b c
t mn quan st. Mun tm ca hnh nhiu x trn mn l sng nht th l trn phi cha bao
nhiu i cu Fresnel?
a) 1 i b) 2 i c) 3 i d) 4 i
2.12 Nhiu x nh sng qua mt a trn nh chn sng th tm ca nh nhiu x
a) lun l im sng.
b) lun l im ti.
c) l im sng khi a trn chn ht mt s chn i cu Fresnel.
d) l im sng khi a trn chn ht mt s l i cu Fresnel.
2.13 nh nhiu x nh sng qua n (n >2) khe hp lun c cc cc i chnh v cc i ph. S
cc cc i ph xc nh theo qui lut:
a) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c 1 cc i ph.
b) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c n cc i ph.
c) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c (n 1) cc i ph.
d) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c (n 2) cc i ph.
2.14 nh nhiu x nh sng qua n (n >2) khe hp lun c cc cc tiu chnh v cc tiu ph.
S cc cc tiu ph xc nh theo qui lut:
a) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c 1 cc tiu ph.
b) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c n cc tiu ph.
c) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c (n 1) cc tiu ph.
d) Gia hai cc i chnh lun c (n 2) cc tiu ph.
2.15 Nhiu x nh sng qua mt khe hp th cng sng ca cc i nhiu x bc
nht ch bng my phn trm cng sng ca cc i gia?
a) 5% b) 0,5% c) 50% d) 10%
2.16 Mt sng phng n sc vi bc sng = 0,5 m chiu vung gc vo mt l trn nh.
Khong cch t l trn n mn quan st l b = 2 m. Hy tnh ng knh ca i Fresnel th
t gi qua l trn.
a) 4 mm b) 3 mm c) 2 mm d) 1 mm
2.17 Mt sng phng n sc vi bc sng = 0,5 m chiu vung gc vo mt l trn nh.
Khong cch t l trn n mn quan st l b = 2 m. Hy tnh ng knh ca i Fresnel u
tin gi qua l trn.
a) 4 mm b) 3 mm c) 2 mm d) 1 mm
2.18 Mt sng phng n sc vi bc sng = 0,5 m chiu vung gc ti mt mn
chn c l trn. Pha sau l trn 2m c t mn quan st. Hy tnh bn knh ca i
Fresnel th 2 gi qua l trn.
a) 0,71 mm b) 1 mm c) 1,41 mm d) 2 mm
2.19 Mt ngun sng im chiu nh sng n sc bc sng = 0,6 m vo mt l
trn bn knh r = 1,2 mm. Khong cch t ngun sng im n l trn l 2 m. Tm
khong cch t ngun im n mn quan st l trn cha 2 i Fresnel.
a) 2 m b) 2,5 m c) 5 m d) 4 m
2.20 Chiu mt chm tia sng n sc song song, bc sng = 0,45 m thng gc
vi mt l trn bn knh r = 1,5 mm. Hy xc nh khong cch t l trn n mn
quan st hnh nhiu x trn mn quan st sng nht.
a) 20 cm b) 3 m c) 4 m d) 5 m
2.21 Mt ngun sng im n sc bc sng 0,5m chiu ti mt l trn bn knh r =
1mm. Khong cch t ngun sng n l trn l 1 m. Tm khong cch t l trn n
im quan st l trn cha 3 i cu Frenel.
a) 1 m b) 2 m c) 3 m d) 4 m
2.22 Tnh ng knh ca i Fresnel th hai gi qua l trn trong trng hp sng ti l sng
phng v khong cch t l trn n m quan st l 1m, bc sng nh sng 0,5m.
a) 1mm b) 2mm c) 0,71mm d) 1,42mm
2.23 Mt mn nh c t cch mt ngun sng im n sc = 0,5m mt khong 2m.
Chnh gia khong y c mt l trn ng knh 2mm. Hi tm ca nh nhiu x trn mn l
im sng hay ti, ng vi my i cu Fresnel?
a) ti, 2 i. b) sng, 3 i. c) sng, 1 i. d) ti, 4 i.
2.24 Mt ngun sng im chiu nh sng n sc bc sng = 0,6 m vo mt l
trn bn knh r = 1,2 mm. Khong cch t ngun n l trn l R = 2 m. Tm khong
cch t l trn n im quan st l trn cha 3 i Frenen.
a) 1,68 m b) 1,52 m c) 1,33 m d) 1,14 m
2.25 Chiu mt chm tia sng n sc song song, bc sng = 0,45 m thng gc
vi mt l trn bn knh r = 1,5 mm. Hy xc nh khong cch t l trn n mn
quan st hnh nhiu x trn mn quan st sng nht.
a) 2 m b) 3 m c) 4 m d) 5 m
2.26 Mt ngun sng n sc c bc sng = 0,6 m t cch l trn mt khong R
= 2 m. Mt mn quan st t sau l trn v cch l trn mt khong b = 3 m. Bn
knh l trn phi bng bao nhiu tm ca hnh nhiu x l ti nht?
a) 0,7 mm b) 0,9 mm c) 1,2 mm d) 1,5 mm
2.27 Mt chm tia sng c ri vung gc vi mt cch t. Bit rng gc nhiu x i vi
vch quang ph c bc sng
1
0 65 = , m trong quang ph bc hai l
0
1
45 = . Xc nh
gc nhiu x ng vi vch quang ph c bc sng 0 5 = , m trong quang ph bc ba.
a) 55
0
b) 35
0
c) 60
0
d) 30
0

2.28 Chiu mt chm tia sng n sc song song vung gc vi mt khe hp. Bc sng nh
sng ti bng
1
6
b rng ca khe. Hi cc tiu nhiu x th 3 c quan st di gc lch l
bao nhiu ?
a) 90
0
b) 60
0
c) 30
0
d) 45
0

2.29 Mt chm tia sng c ri vung gc vi mt cch t. Bit rng gc nhiu x i vi
vch quang ph c bc sng
1
0 65 = , m trong quang ph bc ba l
0
1
45 = . Xc nh
gc nhiu x ng vi vch quang ph c bc sng 0 5 = , m trong quang ph bc hai.
a) 55
0
b) 21
o
c) 63
0
d) 30
0

2.30 Tnh s vch trn 1cm ca cch t nhiu x c chu k cch t l 5m.
a) 1000 vch/cm b) 1500 vch/cm c) 2000 vch/cm d) 400 vch/cm
2.31 Chiu nh sng vung gc vi mt phng nhiu x ca mt cch t vi gc nhiu x l
, quan st thy vch quang ph bc 3 ng vi bc sng = 0,44m. Cng di gc nhiu
x ng vi bc quang ph bc 4 c bc sng l bao nhiu ?
a) 0,44m b) 0,33m c) 0,66m d) 0,22m
2.32 Mt chm tia sng n sc song song bc sng = 0,6 m chiu thng gc vi
mt khe hp c b rng b = 2 m. Hi cc tiu nhiu x u tin c quan st di
gc nhiu x bng bao nhiu?
a) 15,7
o
b) 17,5
o
c) 14,3
o
d) 36,9
o

Cu hi thuc loi kin thc nng cao
(Thi gian cho mi cu l 5 pht)
2.33 Din tch ca mi i cu Fresnel l :
a)
Rb
S
R b
=
+
b)
Rb
S
R b

=
+
c)
Rb
S
R b

d)
b
S
R b

=
+

2.34 Trong th nghim nhiu x nh sng, D l khong cch t ngun sng im ti
mn quan st, chnh gia khong y, c t a trn chn sng song song vi mn
quan st, l bc sng nh sng. Tnh ng knh d ca a trn sng ti tm
nh nhiu x trn mn hu nh khng i so vi lc cha c a trn.
a)
D
d
4

= b) d D = c)
D
d
4

= d) d 2 D =
2.35 Trong th nghim nhiu x nh sng qua l trn, R l khong cch t ngun sng
im ti l trn, b l khong cch t l trn ti mn quan st, l bc sng nh sng,
r l bn knh l trn. Thay i gi tr r mt cch lin tc t nh ti ln, ta thy cng
sng ti tm O ca nh nhiu t cc i khi r = r
1
ri gim dn, sau li tng dn
v t cc i khi r = r
2
. Bc sng ca nh sng th nghim c xc nh theo cng
thc no sau y?
a)
2 2
2 1
(r r )(R b)
2Rb
+
= b)
2 2
1 2
(r r )(R b)
Rb
+ +
=
c)
2 2
2 1
(r r )(R b)
Rb
+
= d)
2 2
1 2
(r r )(R b)
2Rb
+ +
=
2.36 Cho mt cch t c chu k 2 m . Tm bc sng cc i c th quan st c trong
quang ph cho bi cch t ?
a) 2 m b) 4 m c) 1 m d) 0.2 m
2.37 Vch quang ph ng vi bc sng = 0,5m trong quang ph bc hai ca hi thy
ngn c quan st vi gc nhiu x l 30
0
. Tnh chu k ca cch t nhiu x.
a) 1m b) 0,1m c) 2m d) 4m
2.38 nh sng n sc c bc sng = 633nm chiu vung gc vo mt khe b hp.
Gc gia hai cc tiu nhiu x u tin hai bn cc i chnh l 1,2
0
. B rng ca
khe hp l:
a) 15 m b) 30 m c) 60 m d) 120 m
2.39 Chiu nh sng n sc bc sng = 0,5 m n vung gc vi mt cch t
nhiu x th cc i nhiu x bc hai ng vi gc nhiu x 60
o
. Tnh chu k ca cch
t nhiu x .
a) 1,15 m b) 1 m c) 0,58 m d) 2 m
2.40 nghin cu cu trc ca tinh th hai chiu, ngi ta chiu vo tinh th mt chm tia
Rngen c bc sng
0
1, 8A = v quan st nh nhiu x ca n. Kt qu, cc i nhiu x
bc nht ng vi gc nhiu x = 30
0
. Tnh hng s mng tinh th?
a)
0
1, 8A b)
0
3, 6A c)
0
7, 2A d)
0
5, 4A
2.41 Mt chm tia sng n sc bc sng = 0,5m ri vung gc vo mt cch t
nhiu x c chu k d = 2m. Gc nhiu x i vi vch ph bc 2 l:
A) 15
0
B) 30
0
C) 45
0
D) 60
0

2.42 Mt cch t c chu k d = 3,5m, b rng mi khe b = 1,5m. S cc i chnh
nm gia hai cc tiu chnh (cc tiu nhiu x) u tin l:
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 4
2.43 Chiu mt chm sng song song n sc c bc sng = 0,5m ti p vung
gc vi mt khe hp c b rng b. St sau khe t mt thu knh hi t c tiu c f =
50cm. Mn quan st t trng vi tiu din nh ca thu knh. rng ca cc i
gia (khong cch gia hai cc tiu nhiu x u tin) o c trn mn l 2mm. Tnh
b.
A) 0,5mm B) 5mm C) 0,25mm D) 2,5mm
2.44 Chiu nh sng n sc song song bc sng p vung gc vo mt l trn
bn knh r thay i c. Sau l trn 2m c t mt mn quan st. Thay i rt chm r
v quan st tm hnh nhiu x, ngi ta thy tm hnh nhiu x sng khi bn knh ca
l l 1mm v tr li sng ln k tip khi bn knh l l 3 mm. Bc sng ca nh
sng dng trong th nghim l:
A) 0,4m B) 0,5m C) 0,6m D) 0,7m
2.45 Chiu mt chm tia sng gm 2 bc x
1
= 0,63m v
2
= 0,42m song song,
vung gc vi mt cch t nhiu x. Di gc nhiu x , ngi ta thy hai vch cc
i ca cc bc x
1
v
2
trng nhau. Chu k ca cch t l 2,4m. Trn mn quan
st ngi ta thy c bao nhiu vch trng nhau nh th?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
2.46 Chiu chm nh sng song song c bc sng = 0,6m p vung gc ln mn
chn c l trn bn knh 0,6mm. im quan st M nm trn trc ca l cch l trn
mt khong b bao nhiu M ti nht?
A) 30cm B) 40cm C) 60cm D) 70cm
2.47 Chiu mt chm tia n sc song song thng gc vi mt cch t nhiu x. Pha
sau cch t c t mt thu knh c tiu c f = 40cm. Mn quan st c t trng vi
tiu din nh ca thu knh. Bit chu k cch t bng s nguyn ln bc sng v s
cc i chnh ti a cho bi cch t l 9. Khong cch gia 2 cc i chnh u tin
hai bn cc i gia l:
A) 10cm B) 8,2cm C) 16,4cm D) 20cm
2.48 Chiu mt chm tia sng trng song song c bc sng t 0,4m n 0,76m
thng gc vi mt l trn c bn knh r = 1mm. Sau l trn t mt mn quan st
thng gc vi trc ca l, cch l 1m. L trn ny cha mt s nguyn i cu Fresnel
ca bao nhiu bc x trong chm ny?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
2.49 Quan st nh nhiu x Frauhofer qua 3 khe hp c b rng mi khe l 1,5m,
khong cch gia 2 khe lin tip l 4,5m. S cc i chnh gia 2 cc tiu chnh (cc
tiu nhiu x) u tin l:
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7
2.50 Quan st nh nhiu x Frauhofer qua 3 khe hp c b rng mi khe l 1,5m,
khong cch gia 2 khe lin tip l 4,5m. S cc i ph gia 2 cc tiu chnh (cc
tiu nhiu x) u tin l:
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 4
2.51 Gia ngun sng im O v im M, ta t mt mn chn c l trn cha 6 i
cu Fresnel. Nu hai i cu u tin b che khut hon ton bi mt a trn chn
sng th cng sng ti M c tnh theo biu thc no sau y? (a
i
l bin sng
do i cu Fresnel th I gi ti M).
A)
2
3 6
a a
I
2 2
| |
=
|
\
B)
2
3 6
a a
I
2 2
| |
= +
|
\
C)
2
3
a
I
2
| |
=
|
\
D)
2
3
I a =
2.52 Chiu chm sng n sc bc sng = 0,5m vung gc gc vi mt khe hp
c b rng 2,5m. S cc cc i ti a quan st c trn mn l:
A) 4 B) 5 C) 9 D) 10
2.53 Quan st nh nhiu x Frauhofer qua 5 khe hp c d = 3b (b l rng mi khe, d
l khong cch gia 2 khe lin tip). S cc i chnh gia hai cc tiu chnh l:
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7
2.54 Quan st nh nhiu x Frauhofer qua 5 khe hp c d = 3b (b l rng mi khe, d
l khong cch gia 2 khe lin tip). S cc i ph gia hai cc i chnh l:
A) 3 B) 5 C) 4 D) 2
2.55 Quan st nh nhiu x Frauhofer qua 5 khe hp c d = 3b (b l rng mi khe, d
l khong cch gia 2 khe lin tip). S cc tiu ph gia hai cc i chnh l:
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
2.56 Mt cch t c chu k d = 6m v b rng mi khe l b = 1,2m. nh sng n
sc c bc sng = 0,6m chiu thng gc vo mt cch t. S cc i chnh c th
quan st c l:
A) 9 B) 21 C) 3 D) 19
2.57 Mt cch t c chu k d = 7,2m v b rng mi khe l b = 1,2m. nh sng n
sc c bc sng = 0,6m chiu thng gc vo mt cch t. S cc i chnh gia
hai cc tiu chnh u tin l:
A) 11 B) 13 C) 9 D) 7

Chng 3: PHN CC NH SNG



Chng 4: QUANG LNG T
Cu hi thuc loi kin thc ct li
4.1 Nhit ca vt en tuyt i tng t 500
0
K n 2000
0
K th nng sut pht x
ton phn ca n tng ln bao nhiu ln ?
a) 4 ln b) 16 ln c) 64 ln d) 256 ln
4.2 Vt en tuyt i c c im g sau y?
a) C h s hp th n sc lun bng 1 vi mi bc sng v mi nhit .
b) C nng sut pht x n sc bng 1 vi mi bc sng v nhit .
c) C mu en.
d) a, b, c u l cc c im ca vt en tuyt i.
4.3 Nng sut pht x n sc ca mt vt:
a) Ch ph thuc vo bc sng m vt pht x.
b) Ch ph thuc vo nhit ca vt.
c) Ch ph thuc vo bc sng pht x v nhit ca vt.
d) Ph thuc vo bc sng pht x, nhit v bn cht ca vt.
4.4 So snh kh nng hp thu, kh nng pht x cc bc x in t c cng bc sng
cng mt nhit T gia vt A l vt en tuyt i v vt B l vt thng
thng, kt lun no sau y l ng?
a) A pht x mnh hn B, hp thu yu hn B.
b) A hp pht x mnh hn B, ng thi cng thu mnh hn B.
c) A hp thu yu v pht x yu hn B.
d) A hp thu v pht x ging ht B.
4.5 Khi vt pht ra cc bc x nhit cn bng th nhit ca vt:
a) Gim dn theo thi gian.
b) Tng dn theo thi gian.
c) Khng i theo thi gian.
d) Khi tng khi gim.
4.6 Gi f
A
, f
B
, f
C
ln lt l t s gia
nng sut pht x n sc v h s
hp thu n sc ca A vt en tuyt
i, B vt kim loi, B vt bng g
cng mt nhit T. Quan h no
sau y l ng?
a) f
A
> f
B
> f
C
b) f
A
< f
B
> f
C

c) f
A
= f
B
= f
C
d) f
A
> f
B
= f
C


f(,T)
0


T
3
T
2
T
1

Hnh 4.1
4.7 th hnh 4.1 biu din hm ph bin ca vt en tuyt i ng vi cc nhit
T
1
, T
2
, T
3
. Chn pht biu ng:
a) T
1
= T
2
= T
3
. b) T
1
> T
2
> T
3
. c) T
1
< T
2
< T
3
. d) T
1
= T
2
< T
3
.
4.8 th hnh 4.1 biu din hm ph bin ca vt en tuyt i ng vi cc nhit
T
1
, T
2
, T
3
. Gi
1
,
2
,
3
l bc sng ng vi cc i ca cc th. Quan h no sau
y l ng?
a)
1
>
2
>
3
b)
1
<
2
<
3
c)
1
=
2
=
3
d)
1
=
2
>
3

4.9 Mt vt bc x nhit coi l vt en tuyt i, pht ra cc bc x in t c bc
sng . Nu nhit ca vt l 300
o
C th vt pht x mnh bc sng no? Cho hng
s Wien b = 2,9.10
3
m/K.
a) 9,67 m b) 5,06 m c) 6,13 m d) 1,03 m
4.10 Khi nhit ca vt en tuyt i tng ln hai ln th bc sng ng vi cc i
ca nng sut pht x ca vt s:
a) tng ln hai ln. b) tng ln 16 ln.
b) gim i hai ln. c) gim i 16 ln.
4.11 Nng sut pht x ton phn ca mt vt bc x, khng phi l vt en tuyt i, c
biu din thng qua h s hp thu , hng s Stefan Boltzmann , din tch b mt S v
nhit ca vt bi cng thc no sau y?
a)
4
R T = b)
4
R T = c)
4
T
R

=

d)
4
R
T

4.12 Nng sut pht x n sc ca mt vt cho bit iu g?
a) Bc sng ca nh sng n sc m vt pht ra.
b) Nng lng ca nh sng n sc m vt pht ra trong mt giy.
c) Nng lng ng vi bc x m mt n v din tch mt ngoi ca vt pht ra
trong mt giy.
d) Kh nng pht x mnh nht bc sng ca vt .
4.13 Cng sut bc x ca vt en tuyt i thay i nh th no, nu bc sng ng vi
nng sut pht x cc i ca n gim hai ln?
a) tng hai ln b) gim 16 ln c) tng 16 ln d) gim hai ln
4.14 cng mt nhit th
a) nng sut pht x n sc ca cc vt u nh nhau.
b) nng sut pht x tan phn ca cc vt u nh nhau.
c) h s hp thu n sc ca cc vt u nh nhau.
d) t s gia nng sut pht x n sc v h s hp thu n sc ca cc vt u bng
nhau.
4.15 Quan st nh sng m vt pht ra, ta c th on c nhit ca n. Gi T
1,
T
2
, T
3
l
nhit ca Ngi Sao, Mt tri, n dy tc ang pht sng. Quan h no sau y l ng?
a) T
1
> T
2
> T
3
b) T
1
< T
2
< T
3
c) T
2
> T
1
> T
3
d) T
1
= T
2
> T
3

4.16 nh sng c bc sng 600nm trong chn khng th tn s ca n l bao nhiu?
a) 1,67.10
6
Hz b) 5,0.10
14
Hz c) 2,0.10
15
Hz d) 5,0.10
5
Hz
4.17 Mt photon c tn s 4.10
8
MHz th c bc sng trong chn khng bng bao nhiu?
a) 0,25m b) 0,25m c) 0,75m d) 0,75m
4.18 Photon c bc sng = 0,4m th c khi lng bao nhiu?
a) 0 kg b) 4,4.10
36
kg c) 5,5.10
36
kg d) 9,1.10
31
kg
4.19 B mt ca mt vt en tuyt bc x mt cng sut P = 10
5
kW. Bc sng ng
vi cc i ca nng sut pht l
m
= 0,6 m. Cho bit: = 5,67.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
; b =
2,9.10
3
mK. Tnh din tch b mt ca vt .
a) 1,38 m
2
b) 2,14 m
2
c) 3,23 m
2
d) 4,66 m
2

4.20 Chiu mt chm sng n sc = 0,3m vung gc vo mt din tch 4cm
2
. Tnh
cng ca chm sng ti, bit s photon p vo din tch trong mi giy l
9,04.10
13
ht.
a) 15mW/m
2
b) 150mW/m
2
c) 1,5W/m
2
d) 15W/m
2
4.21 Mt vt bc x nhit coi l vt en tuyt i, pht ra cc bc x in t c bc
sng . Nu nhit ca vt l 300
o
C th vt pht x mnh bc sng no? Cho hng
s Wien b = 2,9.10
3
m/K.
a) 9,67 m b) 5,06 m c) 6,13 m d) 1,03 m
4.22 Nng lng nh nht ca phton kch thch hin tng quang in xy ra i
vi mt kim loi l 1,9eV. Bc sng nh sng no sau y khi chiu vo kim lai
s gy ra hin tng quang in?
a) 0,65 m b) 0,56m
c) c hai. d) khng c bc sng no.
4.23 nh sng c bc sng = 0,55.10
6
m chiu vo b mt mt kim loi gy nn
hiu ng quang in. Electron bn ra c ng nng cc i bng 0,26 eV. Hy xc
nh cng thot ca vt liu . Cho bit: h = 6,625.10
34
J.s ; c = 3.10
8
m/s; 1 eV =
1,6.10
19
J.
a) 2 eV b) 2,5 eV c) 3 eV d) 3,5 eV
4.24 Cng sut bc x ca mt vt en tuyt i bng 10
5
kW. Tm din tch b mt bc x
ca vt nu bc sng ng vi nng sut pht x cc i ca n bng 0,7m. Cho hng s
Wien: b = 2,9.10
3
mK.
a) 6 m
2
b) 6 cm
2
c) 60 cm
2
d) 600 cm
2

4.25 B mt kim loi nng chy c din tch 10cm
2
, mi pht bc x mt nng lng 6.10
4
J.
Tnh nhit ca kim loi nng chy , xem n l vt en tuyt i. Cho hng s Stefan
Boltzmann l = 5,7.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
.
a) 1000K b) 1500K c) 2000K d) 2500K
4.26 Mt l luyn kim c ca s quan st rng 4cm x 6cm, pht x vi cng sut 10kW. Xc
nh nhit ca l, bit rng nng sut pht x ton phn ca l ch bng 60% nng sut pht
x tan phn ca vt en tuyt i cng nhit . Cho hng s Stefan Boltzmann: =
5,7.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
.
a) 3500K b) 3300K c) 2000K d) 1500K
4.27 Mt l luyn kim hot ng ch n nh khi nhit ca l l 2500K. nhit
ny l pht ra mnh nht bc sng no? Cho hng s Wien: b = 2,9.10
3
mK.
a) 1,6m b) 0,6 m c) 1,16m d) 0,86m
4.28 Mt l nung c nhit nung 1000
0
K ca s quan st c din tch 250cm
2
. Xc nh
cng sut bc x ca ca s nu coi l l vt en tuyt i. Cho hng s Stefan
Boltzmann: = 5,7.10
8
(W/m
2
K
4
).
a) 1,42.kW b) 1,42.mW c) 1,42.MW d) 14,2kW
4.29 Gii hn trong hin tng quang in i vi xri l 0,653m. Xc nh nng lng
nh nht ca phton kch thch hin tng quang in xy ra.
a) 1,5eV b) 1,9eV c) 2,2eV d) 2,5eV
4.30 Mt vi ht c nng lng 250keV . Xc nh gi tr nng lng theo n v jun.
a) 1,5625.10
12
J b) 1,5625.10
15
J c) 4.10
14
J d) 4.10
17
J
4.31 Mt t bo quang in lm bng kim loi c gii hn quang in l
0
0, 578 m = .
Chiu vo t bo quang in nh sng c bc sng bng
0
. Tnh cng thot electron ca
kim loi .
a) 2,51eV b) 3,4eV c) 2,15eV d) 2,15eV
4.32 Nhit trn b mt Mt Tri vo khong 6000K. Hi Mt Tri pht x mnh bc sng
no?
A) 0,55m B) 0,48m C) 0,2m D) 1,2m
4.33 Mt Ngi Sao pht x mnh bc sng 0,50m th nhit trn b mt ca n l bao
nhiu?
A) 5800K B) 6000K C) 1700K D) 3000K

Cu hi thuc loi kin thc nng cao
(Thi gian cho mi cu l 5 pht)
4.34 Nhit ca si dy tc trong bng n ang pht sng l 2500
0
K. T s gia
nng sut pht x ton phn ca dy tc trong bng n so vi vt en tuyt i
cng nhit bng 0,3. Tm din tch b mt bc x ca si tc bng n. Bit
cng sut tiu th in ca bng n l 25W v coi in nng chuyn ha hon ton
thnh nng lng ca bc x in t. Cho = 5,67.10
8
W/m
2
.
a) 3,37mm
2
b) 11,3mm
2
c) 37,5mm
2
d) 3,4mm
2
4.35 Mt Tri c bn knh 7.10
8
m v nhit trung bnh trn b mt ca n bng
6000K. Khong cch t Mt Tri ti Sao Kim l 1.10
11
m. Coi bc x ca Mt Tri
nh bc x ca vt en tuyt i. Tnh cng sut nhit ca tia nng Mt Tri chiu
thng gc trn 1m
2
b mt Sao Kim. Cho bit hng s Stefan Boltzmann l =
5,67.10
8
W/m
2
.K
4
.
a) 2660W/m
2
b) 8,6.10
7
W/m
2

c) 5,32.10
26
W/m
2
d) 3600 W/m
2

4.36 Mt t bo quang in lm bng kim loi c gii hn quang in l
0
0, 578 m = .
Chiu vo t bo quang in nh sng c bc sng bng
0
. Tnh cng thot ca electron
trn b mt kim loi trn v vn tc ca electron quang in khi n anot bit hiu in th
gia anot v catot l 4,5V.
a) 4.10
6
m/s b) 4.10
6
m/s c) 0 m/s d) 1,25.10
6
m/s
NEW
4.37 Trong hin tng tn x Compton, bin i bc sng ca photon trc v sau
khi tn x s ln nht khi gc tn x ca photon bng
A) 0
0
B) 60
0
C) 90
0
D) 180
0

4.38 Mt dy tc bng n nng sng nhit 727
0
C. Xc nh bc sng m n
pht ra mnh nht, cho bit hng s Wien b = 2,9.10
3
m.K.
A) 3,99m B) 2,9m C) 1,18m D) 1,06m
4.39 Cng sut pht x ca vt en tuyt i s tng ln hay gim i bao nhiu ln, nu
trong qu trnh nung nng, bc sng ng vi nng sut pht x cc i chuyn t
0,7m n 0,6m?
A) Tng 1,85 ln B) Gim 1,85 ln C) Tng 1,36 ln D) Gim 1,36 ln
4.40 Mt vt en tuyt i c din tch b mt 6cm
2
, c mi pht pht ra 497 cal nhit
lng. Bit hng s Boltzmann = 5,67.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
; 1cal = 4,18J. Tnh nhit
ca vt .
A) 1000K B) 1000
0
C C) 2795K D) 2795
0
C
4.41 Vt en tuyt i c din tch b mt 10cm
2
, bc x mnh nht bc sng
0,724m. Tnh nng lng m vt pht ra trong mi pht, bit hng s Stefan
Boltzmann = 5,67.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
; hng s Wien b = 2,9.10
3
m.K.
A) 14,6 kJ B) 243,3 kJ C) 875,73 kJ D) 243,3 J
4.42 Mt l luyn kim c din tch ca s quan st bng 120cm
2
. Cng sut pht x
ca l qua ca s l 9800W. Tnh nhit ca l , bit h s hp thu ca ca s l
0,9; hng s Stefan Boltzmann = 5,67.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
.
A) 4000K B) 2000K C) 1500K D) 1000K
4.43 T mt l rng nh 6cm
2
ca mt l nu (coi l vt en tuyt i), c mi giy
pht ra 8,28cal nhit lng. Tnh nhit ca l, bit hng s Stefan Boltzmann =
5,67.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
; 1J = 0,24cal.
A) 700K B) 490K C) 1000K D) 2000K
4.44 Nu bc sng ng vi nng sut pht x cc i ca vt en tuyt i l
0,484m th nng lng cc i m mi cm
2
din tch mt ngoi ca vt pht ra trong
mi giy l bao nhiu? Cho = 5,67.10
8
W/m
2
K
4
; b = 2,9.10
3
m.K
A) 7300K C) 4000K C) 9000K D) 5000K
Chng 5: C S CA C HC LNG T
Cu hi thuc loi kin thc ct li
5.1 H thc bt nh Heisenberg i vi ta v ng lng theo trc Ox ca vi ht
c dng no di y? (h l hng s Planck)
a)
x
x. p h b)
x
h
x. p
2

c)
x
h
x. p
4

d) a, b, c u ng
5.2 Mt vi ht c khi lng m, ng lng p v ng nng E, chuyn ng vi vn
tc rt nh so vi vn tc nh sng th ng lng p v ng nng E c mi quan h:
a) p 2mE = b) p
2
= 2mE c) E = 2mp d) E
2
= 2mp
5.3 Mt vi ht c khi lng m, ng lng p v ng nng E, chuyn ng vi vn
tc rt nh so vi vn tc nh sng th c bc sng De Brogile c tnh bi biu
thc:
a)
p
=

b)
p
h
= c)
h
2mE
= d)
h
2mp
=
5.4 H thc no sau y l h thc bt nh Heisenberg i vi nng lng v thi
gian?
a)
x
x. p h b)
x
x. p
2


c) t. W d) a, b, c u ng
5.5 H thc bt nh Heisenberg chng t rng, vic khng xc nh c chnh xc
ng thi cc i lng l do
a) thit b o khng chnh xc. b) tnh khch quan ca s vt.
c) hn ch ca c hc c in. d) ht vi m chuyn ng qu nhanh.
5.6 Trong c hc lng t, hm sng ( r , t)

l:
a) Hm trng thi, m t sng thc trong khng gian ging nh sng nc, sng
in t.
b) Hm c trng cho trng thi ca vi ht, m t sng De Brogile ca vi ht.
c) Hm c trng cho trng thi ca vi ht, bnh phng m un hm sng t l
vi mt xc sut tm thy ht trong trng thi .
d) Hm sng phng
i
(Wt p r ) i( t k r )
0 0
( r , t) e e


= =

5.7 iu kin chun ha ca hm sng l:
a) n tr, lin tc v hu hn. b)
2
| | 1 =
c)
2
(toan k / g)
| | dV 1 =

d) c a, b, c
5.8 Phng trnh Schrodinger i vi ht vi m chuyn ng trong mt phng Oxy di tc
dng ca trng th
2
1
U kr
2
= c dng no sau y?
a)
( )
2
2 2
2 2
d 2m 1
E k x y 0
dx 2
(
+ + =
(

b)
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
d d 2m
x y 0
dx dy

(
+ + + =

c)
2 2
2 2 2
d d 2m
0
dx dy

+ + =

d)
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
d d 2m 1
E k x y 0
dx dy 2
(
+ + + =
(

5.9 Phng trnh Schrodinger i vi ht vi m chuyn ng trong h th mt chiu
2
1
U kx
2
= c dng no sau y?
a)
2
2
2 2
d 2m 1
E kx 0
dx 2
| |
+ =
|
\

b)
2
2
2
d 1
E kx 0
dx 2
| |
+ =
|
\

c)
2
2
2 2
d 2m 1
E kx 0
dx 2
| |
+ =
|
\

d)
2
2
2
d 2 1
(E kx ) 0
dx m 2

+ =

5.10 Xc nh bc sng De Brogile ca mt vi ht t do c khi lng m = 10
27
kg
v ng nng 200eV.
a) 0,41
o
A b) 0,87
o
A c) 2,62 pm d) 1, 31pm
5.11 Dng h thc bt nh t.W h xc nh rng nh nht ca mc nng
lng ca electron trong nguyn t Hydrogen trng thi kch thch c thi gian sng
10
8
s.
a) 2,11.10
26
J b) 1,05.10
26
J c) 4,12.10
25
J d) 6,625.10
26
J
5.12 Mt vi ht chuyn ng trong ging th mt chiu, c nng lng 9eV trng
thi kch thch th hai. Tnh nng lng nh nht ca ht.
a) 1eV b) 3eV c) 4,5eV d) 2,25eV
5.13 Mt vi ht chuyn ng trong ging th mt chiu, c nng lng bng 16eV
trng thi n = 3. Nng lng ng vi trng thi n = 4 bng:
a) 28,4 eV b) 21,3 eV c) 9 eV d) 12 eV
5.14 Ht vi m chuyn ng trn trc Ox, c bt nh v ng lng bng 2% ng lng
ca n. Tnh t s gia bc sng de Broglie v bt nh v ta x ca ht . Cho
bit
x
x. p h .
a) 2 b) 0,02 c) 50 d) 20
5.15 Ht electron khng vn tc u c gia tc qua hiu in th U nh. Tnh U bit rng sau
khi gia tc, ht electron chuyn ng ng vi bc sng de Broglie l .
a)
2
e
h
U
2m e
=

b)
2
2
e
U
2m e
=

c)
2
2
e
h
U
2m e
=

d)
2
2
e
h
U
m e
=

5.16 Mt photon c nng lng bng nng lng ngh ca electron th c bc sng bao nhiu?
A) 0,243 m B) 0,243 nm C) 0,243 pm D) 2,43 pm
5.17 Trong c hc lng t, c th o chnh xc ng thi:
A) ng lng v nng lng. B) ng lng v ta .
C) Nng lng v thi gian sng. D) Ta v vn tc.
5.18 Tnh bc sng De Broglie ca qu bng 500g chuyn ng vi vn tc 36 km/h.
A) 1,33.10
34
m B) 1,33.10
36
m C) 3,68.10
35
m D) 3,68.10
36
m

Cu hi thuc loi kin thc nng cao
(Thi gian cho mi cu l 5 pht)
5.19 Mt electron c ng nng ban u 10eV, c gia tc bi hiu in th 90V.
Tm bc sng De Broglie ca electron sau khi c gia tc.
a) 3,88
o
A b) 1,23
o
A c) 1,3
o
A d) 2,1
o
A
5.20 Tnh tn s ca sng De Broglie lin kt vi electron t do c ng nng 10eV.
A) 2,42.10
15
Hz B) 3,88.10
10
Hz C) 7,73.10
17
Hz D) 4,22.10
15
Hz
5.21 Bc sng De Broglie ca mt proton khng tng i tnh l = 0,113 pm; khi
lng ca n l m
p
= 1,67.10
27
kg. Tm tc ca n?
a) 5,3.10
6
m/s b) 6,44.10
6
m/s c) 2,5.10
6
m/s d) 3,5.10
6
m/s
5.22 Mt photon c bc sng = 0,6m th c khi lng
A) m = 0 kg B) m = 1,1.10
28
kg C) 1,23.10
44
kg D) 3,68.10
36
kg
5.23 Mt electron c khi lng m = 9,1.10
31
kg, chuyn ng t do, c nng lng
E = 1,6.10
19
J. Tnh bc sng De Broglie ca electron .
A) 1,242 m B) 1,23 nm C) 1,23m D) 1,242 pm
5.24 Mt electron khi lng m = 9,1.10
31
kg, chuyn khng vn tc u trong in
trng u gia hai im c hiu in th U. Sau n c bc sng De Broglie =
17,2 nm. Tnh gi tr U.
A) 51V B) 102 V C) 720 V D) 25 V
5.25 Mt vi ht c khi lng m, chuyn ng trn trc x trong trng th c dng h
th cao v hn, b rng a th hm sng trng thi c nng lng E
n
l
n
2 n x
(x) sin( )
a a

= . Trong trng thi ng vi n = 2, xc sut tm thy ht ln nht

ti ta x bng:
a)
4
a
v
4
3a
b)
2
a
c)
4
a
d)
4
3a

5.26 Mt vi ht chuyn ng trong h th mt chiu su v hn, b rng a th hm
sng trng thi c nng lng E
n
l
n
2 n x
(x) sin( )
a a

= . Tnh xc sut tm thy

ht trong phm vi x = 0 n x = a/2 trong trng thi c bn.
a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 100%
5.27 Electron chuyn ng trn trc Ox trong phm vi 10
10
m, ngha l bt nh v v tr
10
x 10 m

= . S dng h thc bt nh Heisenberg

x
x. p h , nh gi bt nh v vn
tc ca electron. Cho m
e
= 9,1.10
31
kg , h = 6,62.10
34
Js.
a) 2.5 .10
6
m/s b) 4.10
6
m/s c) 10
6
m/s d) 7.10
6
m/s
New
5.28 Mt vi ht c khi lng m, chuyn ng trn tc Ox trong ging th cao v hn
c rng a. Nu vi ht trng thi c biu din bng hm sng
2 4 x
(x) sin
a a

= th n c nng lng:
a)
2 2
2
4
W
ma

=

b)
2 2
2
8
W
ma

=

c)
2 2
2
W
4ma

=

d)
2 2
2
W
16ma

=


5.29 Ht vi m trong ging th mt chiu, cao v hn, b rng a. Xt hai trng thi n =
1 v n = 3. Ta x m ti xc sut tm ht hai trng thi ny bng nhau l:
a)
a
x
4
= b)
a
x
2
= c)
3a
x
4
= d) a, b, c u ng.
5.30 Mt electron chuyn ng trong ging th mt chiu, su v hn, b rng a. Xc sut tm
thy electron s ln nht v tr no, nu xt trng thi c bn?
a)
a
x
4
= b)
a
x
2
= c)
3a
x
4
= d) a, b, c u ng.
5.31 Mt electron chuyn ng trong ging th mt chiu, su v hn, b rng a. Xc sut tm
thy electron s ln nht v tr no, nu xt trng thi kch thch th 2?
a)
a
x
6
= b)
a
x
2
= c)
5a
x
6
= d) a, b, c u ng.
5.32 Ht vi m chuyn ng trong ging th mt chiu, su v hn, b rng a. Biu thc mt
xc sut tm ht trng thi c nng lng W
n
l:
A)
2
2 n x
(x) sin
a a

= B)
2 n x
(x) sin
a a

=
C)
2
a n x
(x) sin
2 a

= D)
2
2 n x
(x) sin
a 2a

=
5.33 Mt vi ht c khi lng m, chuyn ng trn tc Ox trong ging th cao v hn
c rng a. Nu vi ht trng thi c biu din bng hm sng
2 x
(x) sin
a a

=
th n c nng lng:
a)
2 2
2
W
ma

=

b)
2 2
2
W
2ma

=

c)
2 2
2
W
4ma

=

d)
2 2
2
2
W
ma

=


5.34 Mt vi ht c khi lng m, chuyn ng trn tc Ox trong ging th cao v hn
c rng a. Nu vi ht trng thi c bn th mt xc sut tm thy ht bng
1
2a

v tr no?
A)
a
x
2
= B)
a 5a
x ,
6 6
= C)
a
x
4
= D)
a a 3a
x , ,
4 2 4
= ,
5.35 Xc sut tm thy vi ht bng khng chnh gia h th mt chiu khi vi ht mc nng
lng no sau y?
A) W
1
B) W
2
C) W
3
D) W
5

5.36 Trng thi ca mt vi ht t do c nng lng E v ng lng p c m t bng
hm sng:
A)
i(Et p. r )
ae


= B)
i
(Et p . r )
ae


=

C)
i
(Et p. r )
ae

=

D)
i
(Et p . r )
ae

+
=


5.37 Electron chuyn ng quanh ht nhn nguyn t c:
A) ng lng xc nh.
B) vn tc xc nh.
C) qu o xc nh
D) ng lng, vn tc v qu o u khng xc nh.
5.38 Bit hm sng ca vi ht chuyn ng trong h th mt chiu su v hn, b rng a
l
n
2 n x
(x) sin( )
a a

= . Xc sut tm thy ht ti v tr x = a/4 trit tiu khi ht

trang thi n bng s no sau y?
A) 5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
5.39 Bit (x) l hm sng ca vi ht chuyn ng trn trc Ox trong h th mt chiu
su v hn, b rng a. Xc sut tm thy ht trong phm vi (x
1
, x
2
) c tnh theo biu
thc no sau y?
A)
2 1
(x ) (x ) B)
2
1
(x )
(x )

C)
2
1
x
x
*(x). (x)dx

D)
2
1
x
2
x
(x)dx

5.40 Proton nng hn electron khong 1840 ln. C hai chuyn ng vi vn tc nh hn
nhiu so vi vn tc nh sng. So snh ng nng Kp v Ke ca chng, bit chng c
cng bc sng De Broglie.
A) K
e
= 1840K
p
B) K
p
> K
e
C) K
p
= K
e
D) K
p
=1840K
e

5.41 Gi s electron trong nguyn t c coi nh trong ging th mt chiu su v hn,
b rng a = 2 nm. Tnh bc sng ca photon pht ra khi electron dch chuyn t mc
n = 5 xung mc n = 3. Cho h =6,625.10
34
J.s; c = 3.10
8
m/s; m = 9,1.10
31
kg.
A) 92 nm B) 824 nm C) 412 nm D) 164 nm




Chng 6: VT L NGUYN T
Cu hi thuc loi kin thc ct li
6.1 Nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t Hydrogen c tnh bi biu thc:
a)
n
2
R
W
n
=

b)
n
R
W
n
=

c)
n
2
13, 54eV
W
n
= d)
n
Rh
W
n
=
6.2 Nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t Hydrogen ph thuc vo s lng t:
a) n b) n, c) n, , m d) n, , j
6.3 Nng lng ca electron ha tr trong nguyn t kim loi kim ph thuc vo s
lng t:
a) n b) n, c) n, , m d) n, , j
6.4 Trng thi ca electron trong ha tr trong nguyn t kim loi kim ph thuc vo
s lng t:
a) n b) n, c) n, , m d) n, , m, m
s

6.5 Trong nguyn t Hydrogen, electron chuyn ng quanh ht nhn
a) theo cc qu o trn c bn knh xc nh.
b) to nn nhng m my electron.
c) theo cc qu o l elip.
d) theo qu o hnh s 8.
6.6 S lng t qu o (obitan) ca electron trong nguyn t l:
a) n b) c) m d) m
s

6.7 Khi s lng t n = 1, th moment t ca electron ha tr trong nguyn t kim loi
kim c gi tr bng my ln
B
(manheton Bohr)?
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 6
6.8 C bao nhiu trng thi ca electron thuc lp n = 4 c cng s lng t m
s
?
a) 2 b) 8 c) 32 d) 16
6.9 Nu khng tnh n spin th trng thi ca electron trong nguyn t ph thuc vo
my s lng t ?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
6.10 Xt mt vch quang ph n: h 2P 3D = trong quang ph ca kim loi kim
khi cha tnh n spin ca electron. Hi nu tnh n spin th vch n ni trn s c
my vch st nhau (bi my)?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
6.11 Xt mt vch quang ph n: h 2S 3P = trong quang ph ca kim loi kim
khi cha tnh n spin ca electron. Hi nu tnh n spin th vch n ni trn s c
my vch st nhau (bi my)?
a) 6 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
6.12 Lp n = 3 cha y electron, trong s c bao nhiu electron cng s lng t
m = 1?
a) 9 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2
6.13 Dch chuyn no sau y b cm?
a) 2
2
P
1/2
3
2
D
3/2
b) 2
2
P
1/2
3
2
D
5/2

c) 2
2
P
3/2
3
2
D
3/2
d) 2
2
P
3/2
3
2
D
5/2

6.14 Dch chuyn no sau y c php?
a) 2
2
S
1/2
3
2
D
3/2
b) 2
2
P
1/2
3
2
D
5/2

c) 2
2
S
3/2
3
2
P
3/2
d) 2
2
P
3/2
3
2
D
5/2

6.15 C bao nhiu trng thi ca electron trong nguyn t ng vi s lng t chnh n = 3?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 9 d) 18
6.16 C bao nhiu trng thi ca electron ng vi mc nng lng 3D?
a) 18 b) 2 c) 9 d) 10
6.17 Tn s ca cc vch quang ph ca nguyn t Hyro c xc nh bi cng
thc: )
1
9
1
(
2
n
R = . l cc vch thuc dy:
a) Balmer b) Paschen c) Lyman d) Brackett
6.18 Gi tr nng lng ca electron ha tr nguyn t kim loi kim ph thuc ch yu
vo
a) s lng t chnh. b) s lng t qu o.
c) s lng t t. d) s lng t spin.
6.19 C bao nhiu trng thi ca electron trong nguyn t Hydrogen ng vi mc nng
lng kch thch -0.85 eV?
a) 32 b) 2 c) 9 d) 16
6.20 Nguyn t Hydrogen ang trng thi c bn E = -13,6 eV nu hp thu mt
photon c nng lng 12,75 eV th n chuyn sang trng thi kch thch th my?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
6.21 Cc nguyn t Hydrogen ang trng thi c bn E = -13,6 eV nu c kch
thch bi photon c nng lng 12,75 eV th c th cho nhiu nht my vch quang
ph?
a) 1 b) 3 c) 6 d) 10
6.22 C bao nhiu trng thi ca electron thuc lp n = 4 c cng s lng t m = 1?
a) 16 b) 3 c) 6 d) 8
6.23 Trong nguyn t kim loi kim, mc nng lng ng vi n = 3 cha y
electron. Hi trong mc c bao nhiu electron cng c s lng t hnh chiu spin
m
s
=
1
2
?
a) 3 b) 9 c) 18 d) 1
6.24 Trong nguyn t cc lp K, L, M u y. Xc nh tng s electron ca cc
trng thi s trong cc lp .
a) 2 b) 3 c) 6 d) 9
6.25 Trong nguyn t cc lp K, L, M u y. Xc nh tng s electron ca cc
trng thi p trong cc lp .
a) 6 b) 12 c) 18 d) 2
6.26 Tnh gi tr mmen ng lng ca electron chuyn ng quanh ht nhn khi s
lng t qu o = 3.
a) L = 2 3 b) L = 6. c) L = 12 d) L = 3.
6.27 Mc nng lng c bn ca electron ha tr trong nguyn t Liti l
2
1/ 2
2 S . Gi s
electron c kch thch ln mc nng lng
2
3/ 2
3 P th khi dch chuyn v cc mc
nng lng thp n c th cho nhiu nht my vch quang ph?
a) 9 b) 6 c) 2 d) 8
6.28 Tnh gi tr hnh chiu moment ng lng qu o ca electron trng thi d.
a) 0; ; 2 b) ; 2 ; 3 c) 0; ; 3 d) 0; 2 ; 4
Cu hi thuc loi kin thc nng cao
(Thi gian cho mi cu l 5 pht)
6.29 Tnh bc sng di nht ca vch quang ph trong dy Lyman trong quang ph
ca nguyn t Hydrogen. Cho bit hng s Rydberg R = 3,27.10
15
s
-1
; c = 3.10
8
m/s.
a) 0,122m b) 0,092m c) 0,66m d) 0,367m
6.30 Tnh bc sng ngn nht ca vch quang ph trong dy Lyman trong quang ph
ca nguyn t Hydrogen. Cho bit hng s Rydberg R = 3,27.10
15
s
-1
; c = 3.10
8
m/s.
a) 0,122m b) 0,092m c) 0,66m d) 0,367m
6.31 Tnh bc sng ngn nht ca vch quang ph trong dy Balmer trong quang ph
ca nguyn t Hydrogen. Cho bit hng s Rydberg R = 3,27.10
15
s
-1
; c = 3.10
8
m/s.
a) 0,122m b) 0,092m c) 0,66m d) 0,367m
6.32 Tnh bc sng di nht ca vch quang ph trong dy Balmer trong quang ph
ca nguyn t Hydrogen. Cho bit hng s Rydberg R = 3,27.10
15
s
-1
; c = 3.10
8
m/s.
a) 0,122m b) 0,092m c) 0,66m d) 0,367m
6.33 Mc nng lng ca electron ha tr trong nguyn t Liti trng thi c bn l
2
2
S
1/2
. Nu electron c kch thch ln trang thi c mc nng lng 3
2
D
3/2
th khi
dch chuyn v cc mc nng lng thp, c th cho ti a my vch quang ph?.
a) 12 b) 6 c) 4 d) 16

6.34 Nguyn t Hydrogen dang trng thi c bn c nng lng -13,6eV th nhn
c nng lng kch thch 13,056eV. Hi trong quang ph vch pht x s c ti a
my vch quang ph?
a) 1 b) 4 c) 6 d)10
6.35 Nguyn t Hydrogen dang trng thi c bn c nng lng -13,6eV th nhn
c nng lng kch thch 13,056eV. Hi trong quang ph vch pht x s c my
vch quang ph thuc dy Balmer?
a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 0
6.36 Nng lng ion ha ca nguyn t Hydrogen khi n ang mc c bn l
13,6eV. Nu nguyn t ang trng thi kch thch th nht m hp th mt nng
lng 2,856eV chuyn ln trng thi c mc nng lng cao hn th khi tr v, n
s pht ra my vch ph trong dy Lyman?
a) 1 b) 4 c) 3 d)10
6.37 Electron trong nguyn t Hydrogen ang trng thi 2p, hp thu mt nng lng
2,856eV th c th chuyn ln trang thi c biu din bng hm sng no sau y?
(Bit rng nng lng ion ha ca nguyn t Hydrogen khi n mc c bn l
13,6eV).
a)
500
b)
510
c)
511
d)
530

6.38 Electron trong nguyn t Hydrogen ang trng thi c biu din bng hm
sng
200
th hp thu mt nng lng 2,856eV. Tnh s vch quang ph ti a c th
thu c sau . (Bit rng nng lng ion ha ca nguyn t Hydrogen khi n mc
c bn l 13,6eV).
a) 1 b) 4 c) 6 d) 10
6.39 Nguyn t Hydro trng thi c bn, c kch thch bi mt nh sng n sc
c tn s f. Kt qu l sau n pht ra 3 vch quang ph. Tnh gi tr f, cho bit nng
lng ion ha ca Hydro l 13,6eV; hng s Rydberg = 3,27.10
15
s
-1
.
a) 2,91.10
15
Hz b) 3,07.10
15
Hz c) 2,45.10
15
Hz d) 2,18.10
15
Hz
6.40 Do cu trc t vi ca mc nng lng nn khi electron ha tr ca nguyn t Na
chuyn t mc 3P v 2S s pht ra my vch quang ph?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
6.41 Trong nguyn t, lp M c bao nhiu lp con, lp con no cha nhiu electron
nht, nhiu nht my electron?
A) 2 lp con, lp con cha nhiu electron nht l lp p, cha ti a 6 electron.
B) 3 lp con, lp con cha nhiu electron nht l lp d, cha ti a 10 electron.
A) 4 lp con, lp con cha nhiu electron nht l lp f, cha ti a 14 electron.
A) 5 lp con, lp con cha nhiu electron nht l lp f, cha ti a 14 electron.
6.42 Chn pht biu ng:
A) Mi mc nng lng u c cu to bi.
B) Nng lng ca electron l do tng tc gia electron v ht nhn.
C) Mi vch ph u c cu to kp.
D) Mi trang thi lng t ng vi 3 s lng t n, , m ch c th c ti a 2 electron.
6.43 Electron trong chuyn ng quanh ht nhn ang trng d th mmen ng lng
L c gi tr no v c my kh nng nh hng trong khng gian?
A) L = 0 v c 1 kh nng nh hng trong khng gian.
B) L = 6 v c 3 kh nng nh hng trong khng gian.
C) L = 6 v c 5 kh nng nh hng trong khng gian.
D) L = 2 v c 3 kh nng nh hng trong khng gian.
6.44 Nguyn t Hydro ang trng thi co bn, mun thu c 6 vch quang ph th
cn phi cung cp mt nng lng bao nhiu cho electron? (Nng lng ion ha l
13,6eV).
A) 0,85 eV B) 3,4 eV C) 12,57 eV D) 13,22 eV
6.45 Mt electron trong ngun t kim loi kim ang trng thi ng vi s lng t
3 = v m = 2. Gc gia vect mmen ng lng L

v trc Oz l:
A) 30
0
B) 35,3
0
C) 48,2
0
D) 54,7
0

6.46 Tnh ln ca vect mmen ng lng khi electron trng thi 2p.
A) L = 0 B) L = 9,4.10
34
J.s C) L = 1,5.10
34
J.s D) L = 5,9.10
33
J.s