2.1.5 Hiu sut ca cc h thng DS/SS Cho n nay ta cha xt n vn tp m v nhiu.

.Phn ny s xt cht lng ca h thng DS/SS-QPSK trong mi trng c AWGN v c nhiu c . Ta cng xt nhiu a ng dung t cc tn hiu DS khc v nhiu t thn do a ng. Ngoi ra kh nghe trm tn hiu DS/SS bi ngi dung ngu nhin cng c xem xt. 1, nh hng ca tp m trng v nhiu c Hnh 2.9 l s khi chc nng ca my pht v my thu DS/SS-QPSK. y ta gi thit rng tn hiu PN ti ch v sng mang ti ch l ng b hon ho vi tn hiu PN ti v sng mang ti. Do c th gi thit tr =0. Lu rng pha sng mang c gi thit l /2. Mc ch ca chng ta yl tm c t s cng sut tn hiu trn cng sut nhiu (k hiu SNR0) trc thit b ngng cui cng (B hn ch cng) ni to ra D(t) nh c lng ca tin tc b(t). Li vo ca b hn ch cng gm 3 thnh phn: s0 do tn hiu mong mun, n0 do tp m knh v j0 do nhiu c .

Hnh 2.9 S chc nng ca my pht v my thu DS/SS-BPSK Trc tin gi s rng khng c nhiu c , tc j(t)=0 cho nn j0=0. tm SNR0 ta c lng s0 v n0. Vi b(t)=1 v c(t)=1, t phng trnh (2.11) thnh phn tn hiu s0 i vi mi bt d liu l:

AT s0= 2 Thnh phn tp m n0 l n0= ( )c(t)cos(2fct)dt

(2.23)

(2.24)

Gi s rng tp m n(t) l AWGN trung bnh bng 0 v hm t tng quan N0 E[n(t+)n(t)]= 2 () (2.25)

Tc mt ph cng sut tp m 2 pha bng N0/2. Suy ra n0 l bin ngu nhin Gauser vi trung bnh bng 0 v phng sai N0T E(n02)= 4 Do SNR0 bng s0 2 (AT/2)2 A2T SNR0=E[n 2] = N T/4 = N 0 0 0 (2.27) (2.26)

C th thy rng SNR0 khng ph thuc vo tc chip Tc. Nh vy vic tri ph khng c u im g i vi AWGN trong knh. Cht lng h thng thng tin s thng c o theo xc xut li bt hay li symbol. Xc sut li thng c biu din theo Eb/N0, trong Eb l nng lng ca 1 bt tn hiu v N0/2 l PSD 2 pha ca tp m Gauser trng trong knh. V d, xc sut li bt ca tn hiu BPSK trong tp AWGN l Pb=Q( Q(t) = ( ) ) e-x/2dx (2.28) (2.29)

T s Eb/N0 c gi l t s nng lng bt trn mt ph tp m, hay n gin l t s tn/tp SNR. i vi tn hiu BPSK ta c Eb AT2/2 1 SNR= N = N = 2 SNR0 0 0 S khc nhau duy nht l h s 2. Tip theo ta xt nh hng ca nhiu c . Gi thit rng c nhiu c bng thng (tn s trung tm f1) trong knh v c dng sau j(t) = J(t)cos(2f1t + ) (2.31) (2.30)

 y J(t) l tn hiu thng thp (qu trnh ngu nhin) cn l bin thin ngu nhin phn b u trong (0,2) , khng ph thuc vo J(t). Suy ra rng j(t)c trung bnh bng 0. Cc hm t tng quan ca j(t) v J(t) lin quan vi nhau bi h thc 1 Rj() = 2 RJ()cos(2f1) (2.32)

Cng sut trung bnh j(t) l Pj=Rj(0)=RJ(0)/2. Coi j0 l thnh phn tn hiu nhiu c li ra b tch phn. Gi s rng nhiu c l bng hp, ngha l di thng ca n hn nhiu di thng tn hiu DS, ta c th ch ra rng phng sai ca j0 c cho bi PjT2 E(j0 ) = 4N
2

(2.33)

Nu kt hp c AWGN v tn hiu nhiu c v gi s chng c lp nhau, th SNR0 ti li ra b tch phn l s0 2 A2T2/4 A2T SNR0= E(n 2) + E(j 2) =(N T/4) + (P T2/4N) =N + P T (2.34) 0 0 0 j 0 j c Ta thy rng nhiu c c cng nh hng nh AWGN vi PSD 2 pha l PjTc/2. nh hng kt hp ca tp m knh v nhiu c tng ng vi nh hng ca tp m trng vi PSD 2 pha bng N0/2 = (N0 + PjTc)/2. Tc cng nh, Pj c nh hng cng t n vic gim t s tn/tp. Khi Tc nh PjTc=N0 , th nhiu c tr nn v tc dng. Lu rng khi c tp m knh v nhiu c th t s nng lng bt trn mt ph nhiu l SNR = Eb/N02 = (A2T/2)/(N0 + PjTc) By gi gi s rng nhiu l di rng, tc di thng ca tn hiu nhiu ln hn di thng ca tn hiu DS (Bj> BDS). Khi tn hiu s ging nh tp m trng vi PSD 2 pha Pj/(2Bj). Cng sut tn hiu nhiu c li ra l PjT E(j02) = 4B
j

(2.35)

Do A2T A2T/2 SNR0 = N + P /B v SNR = N + P /B 0 j j 0 j j (2.36)

Khi N ln, di thng tn hiu DS BDS cng ln, ko theo Bj cng ln v nh hng ca nhiu l nh. Do cng sut trung bnh Pj phi ln c nhiu tc dng.

Kt lun li ta thy rng vic tri ph khng em li li g i vi tp m Gauser trng.nh hng ca nhiu gim i ng k bi tri ph.My pht nhiu phi c cng sut ln c tc dng, v th SS l rt hp dn i vi thng tin qun s. 2, nh hng ca can nhiu v a tia Nhiu a ngi dng: Xt trng hp tn hiu thu gm can nhiu t cc tn hiu DS khc. Tn hiu thu l r(t) = Ab(t)c(t)cos(2fct) + Ab(t )c(t )cos(2fct + ) +n(t) (2.37)

Trong s hng th nht l tn hiu DS mong mun, s hng th 2 l tn hiu DS nhiu, cn s hng sau cng l tp m. Gi s rng b(t), b(t), c(t), c(t) u bng 1. Lu rng tn s sng mang l nh nhau i vi c hai b(t) v b(t), trong khi cc pha sng mang li khc nhau. iu ny ch ra rng 2 tn hiu c pht i c lp vi nhau. Sau khi tn hiu c nhn vi c(t)cos(2fct) v tch phn, tn hiu vo b hn ch cng l s0 + s0 + n0 trong AT s0 = 2 s0= A (2.39) (2.38)

( ) ( ) ( )cos(2fct + )cos(2fct)dt ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) 1 T ( ) ( ) ] (2.40)

A' = 2 cos()

A'T 1 = 2 cos()[ T

Hai s hng trong du ngoc vung l cc tng quan cho tng phn ( chun ha) ca c(t) v c(t). Du l do gi tr ca b( ) bng +1 hoc -1. Tng quan cho nh dn n can nhiu nh. Do , trong mi trng a ngi dng ta mong mun thit k cc tn hiu PN sao cho tng quan cho l nh. a tia: Trong tnh hung a tia, tn hiu thu c thnh phn tn hiu trc tip v mt hoc nhiu thnh phn tn hiu gin tip phn x t mt s cu trc nhn to hoc a hnh t nhin. Gi s rng ch c mt thnh phn tn hiu gin tip. Khi ta c th dng m hnh trong phng trnh 2.37, vi l tr ph trong tn hiu gin tip, c(t)=c(t), b(t)=b(t) v A=kA, k1 l h s suy gim Trong trng hp ny can nhiu do thnh phn tn hiu gin tip l kAT ( ) ( ) ( ) = s0=0,5cos() 2 cos()Rc() (2.41)

Bng 0 khi || Tc ( hoc gn 0 nu dng phng trnh 2.6 ). Do nh hng ca a tia b loi b hoc tr thnh can nhiu nh min l di chip nh hn tr ph trong tia gin tip. Cng c th gii thch kt qu ny t quan im min tn s nh sau. Tn hiu gin tip cng nh tn hiu trc tip l tn hiu bng rng. Tn hiu PN ti ch c ng b vi tn hiu PN trong tia trc tip. Do , tn hiu DS trc tip c gii tri ph trong khi tn hiu gin tip th khng. Sau qu trnh gii tri, my thu khi phc tn hiu trong vng hp xung quanh fc Hz bi b gii iu ch ( gm nhn vi sng mang v b tch phn c tc dng nh LDF). Ch mt phn nh ca tn hiu gin tip i qua qu trnh ny v tr thnh nhiu.Nh vy tn hiu gin tip c nh hng l gim nh SNR. Vn gn xa : L hin tng h thng c nhiu ngi dng b hy loi bi s c mt ca tn hiu mnh. Xt h thng DS/SS a truy cp. Gi s rng c K ngi dng pht tn hiu qua cng knh. Vic thu mi tn hiu b nhiu t tp m v tt c K 1 tn hiu khc. Gi s N0/2 l PSD ca tp m knh Gao x trng v Ps l cng sut trung bnh ca mi tn hiu. Khi PSD ca mi tn hiu ngi dng l (PsTc/2)[sinc2((f - fc)Tc) + sinc2((f + fc)Tc)] Bng cch m hnh ha K 1 tn hiu nhiu nh cc tp m Gao x trng, th PSD kt hp ca chng c th xp x bi (K 1)PsTc/2. Do SNR tng ng l Eb PsT (2.42) N'0 = N0 + PsTc(K - 1) C ngha l can nhiu lm tng xc sut li. By gi coi 1 trong K 1 my nhiu c c li rt gn my thu. Do lut ly tha bnh phng ngc ca truyn song in t, tn hiu t my nhiu gn ny n my thu vi cng sut mnh hn nhiu v d Ps= aPs vi a tng bnh thng khi my nhiu tin gn hn n my thu. V d nu my nhiu gn my thu hn 10 ln my pht ca tn hiu mong mun, th a = 102..= 100. SNR tng ng ti my thu bng Eb PsT = N + P T (K - 2) + aP T (2.43) N0 0 s c s c Khi a ln, SNR gim mnh v xc sut li c th tr nn qu ln. Ta c th gi xc sut li mc chp nhn c bng cch gim s K 2 ngi dung khc. Khi a ln, gii php ny c th xa sch hon ton cc ngi dung khc. 3, kh nghe trm u im na ca cc tn hiu DS/SS l rt kh pht hin v nghe trm chng. hiu iu ny, xt tn hiu DS cng vi tp m b(t)c(t)cos(2fct) + n(t). PSD ca tn hiu DS l (A2Tc/4)[sinc2((f - fc)Tc) + sinc2((f + fc)Tc)] , c gi tr ln nht l A2Tc/4 , v AWGN c PSD bng N0/2. Trong cc ng dng nh l in thoi di ng, xc sut li bt yu cu thng c 10-3 n 10-6. Mun vy, SNR tng ng Eb/N0 c gi tr vo khong 6,8 dB n 10,5 dB (gi s iu ch BPSK), hay Eb/N0 xp s 5-11 ; vi Eb l nng lng 1 bt tn hiu DS, Eb= A2T/2. Do , A2T/(2N0)=5-11 c ngha l A2Tc/(2N0) = 5Tc/T 11Tc/T hay

(A2Tc/4)/(N0/2) = 5/PG-11/PG. Do , ph cao ca tn hiu DS A2Tc/4 bng 5/PG n 11/PG ln cao ph ca tp m N0/2. V PG ln nn h s 5/PG v 11/PG thng nh hn 1 rt nhiu. V th cao ph ca tn hiu DS l thp hn cao ph ca tp m, c ngha rng tn hiu DS b che khut (che y) bi tp m, do n kh b pht hin v nghe trm.