Modifiers: Articles and Adjectives

The Definite Article

, , (pp. 8-9) with endings of for comparison.
s.
pl.
m.

f.

n.

m.

f.

n.

Nom.

Acc.

Gen.
Dat.

Classes of Adjectives
Roughly based on the three declensions of nouns.

Type 1 and 2 Adjectives

Feminine and masculine endings of give us, respectively, those for 1st and 2nd declension nouns.
Type 1 Adjective
, -, - (p. 11)
s.
Nom.

m.

f.

n.

m.

f.

n.

Acc.
Gen.

Dat.

Voc.
1A-B

pl.

, -, -

beautiful, fine, good

1G

bad, evil; cowardly; lowly, mean

1G

dear, friendly, one's own

best; very good

clear; obvious
good, noble, courageous

my; mine
most/very fine/beautiful/good

how great!
other, the rest of

1H-J
1H-J
2A-D
2A-D
2A-D
2A-D
3A-E

3A-E

terrible, dire, clever

3A-E

(-)

, ,

big, great
naval
mortal

small, few
straight, correct, right

whole of
good, fine, serviceable

wise, clever
first

how much, many

useful, profitable
best (sup. of )

ready (to) (+inf.)

greatest (sup. of )

alone
difficult, hard

, -, -

clever at (+infin.); dire, terrible

most dear (superlative of )

most pleasant (superlative of )

as much as (pl. as many as)
worst, furthest, last [eschatology]

each
sufficient, able

noble, fine, good

for the very last time

3A-E
4A-B
4A-B
4C-D
5A-B
5A-B
5C-D
6A-B
6C-D
6C-D
8A-C
8A-C
8A-C
8A-C
8A-C
9H-J
10A-E
11A-C
11A-C
12E-F
14A-F
14A-F
15A-C
15A-C

16C-E

1
1

1
1

1
1

17A-E

common, shared
very much, most [superlative of
]
left, remaining [cf. ]

17A-E

(-)

very easy
likely, probable, reasonable, fair
childless (single-termination adj.)

least of all, no, not

very, quite, virtually [ =
comp., = super.]

1a

1H-J

skilled, experienced

1b

5C-D

unjust

1b

16C-E

12E-F
13A-B
16F-H
16F-H

1a
1a

1a

6A-B

from the country, boorish

1b

6A-B

, -

impossible
quiet, peaceful
immortal

1b

well-disposed
deprived of citizen rights

1b

empty, deserted; devoid of (+gen.)

ready, eager, willing, active

1b

13C-F

inexperienced in (+gen.) [privative + root - = try,

experience]

1b

14A-F

invalid
contemptuous

1b

16F-H

1b

17A-E

innocent [- (neg. prefix) + ,

guilty]
foolish [lacking ]

17A-E

remaining

1b

9A-E
11A-C
11A-C
12E-F
13A-B
13A-B

14A-F

1b
1b

1b

1b

1b

1b

Type 2 Adjective:
pp. 26-27
stem ends in , , .
feminine singular endings are different from those of because of rule.
, -, - (p. 26-27), same as but rule changes f. sg. endings.
s.
pl.
m.
Nom.

f.

Acc.
Gen.
Dat.

n.

m.

f.

n.

-
-
-

1G

, -, -

our(s)

1G

safe
stupid, foolish

2A-D

()

secure

2A-D

free

2A-D

hostile, enemy
responsible (for), guilty (of)

5A-B

young [<new]

5C-D

just

1H-J

5A-B

6A-B

easy

6C-D

right (as fem. noun: right hand)

one (or the other) of two
which (of two)

brave, manly
worth, worthy of (+gen.)

clever; right-hand
full of (+gen.)

, ,
, -, -

black
like, similar to (+dat.)

, -, -
, , ()
, -, -

wicked, wretched
of this kind, of such a kind
both

, -, -

later, last (of two)

what a ___! what sort of a ___!

()

small, short, little [microscope]

someone else's, alien

first (of two), previous

important, serious

clear, obvious
rich, wealthy
related, domestic, family

ancient, old, of old [paleontology, Paleolithic]

legitimate, genuine

of what kind
base, shameful; ugly (of people) [comp.
; sup. ]
strong, powerful
able, with power, by right, sovereign

pathetic, miserable, wretched

noble, fine

of one's father, ancestral

to be gone

16A-B

to be carried, borne, endured

16A-B

to be done [practical]

16F-H

fair, moderate, reasonable

necessary [< ]

17A-E

previous, of previous day

17A-E

next day

6C-D
6C-D
7D-F
8A-C
8A-C
8A-C
9A-E
9A-E
9A-E
9A-E
9H-J
9H-J
10A-E
12E-F
12E-F
12E-F
12E-F
12E-F
12G-I
13A-B
13A-B
13C-F
13C-F
13G-I

13G-I
14A-F
15A-C
15A-C
15A-C
16A-B

17A-E

2
2

2
2

2
2

2
2

Type 3ab
3ab Adjectives: ,
, p. 73
end in -, -.
take endings of 3rd declension nouns (e.g., 3a&b, , , , pp. 54-56, 70)
Type 3ab: , (-)
s.
pl.
-/-

n.

-/-

Gen.

-/-

Dat.
Voc.

-/-

Nom.
Acc.

4A-B
4A-B
6C-D
6C-D
8A-C
8A-C

8A-C
8A-C
9A-E
15A-C

m./f.

m./f.

-/-
-/-

()
()

n.

-
-

-/-

-/-

()

, ()
()

well-disposed
unlucky, dogged by an evil daimon

3ab

, (-)
, (-)

lesser, weaker
stronger, greater

3ab

(-)
(-)

better (comp. of )
happy, rich, blessed by the gods (comp.
; sup. )
greater (comp. of )
worse (comp. of )

3ab

better (comp. of )
modest, chaste, discreet, sensible, law-abiding,
prudent, disciplined, temperate

3ab

(-)
(-)
,

3ab

3ab

3ab

3ab
3ab

3ab

Type 3cd: , -, uncaring, p. 215

s.
m./f.

Cf. , (-), (3d) & ,

(-), (3c)

pl.
n.

m./f.

n.

Nom.

Acc.

Gen.

Dat.

()

()

s.

pl.

m./f.

n.

m./f.

n.

Nom.

Acc.

Gen.

Dat.

()

()

5A-B

[]

unlucky

3cd

6A-B

[-]
,

ignorant
uncaring

3cd

12E-F

false, lying (pseudo-)

3cd

13C-F

unholy

3cd

10A-E

3cd

13C-F

open, obvious

3cd

13C-F

very clear
careful
seemly, proper, becoming

3cd

fortunate, lucky
fair, reasonable, moderate

3cd

14A-F
15A-C
15A-C
16F-H

3cd
3cd

3cd

Type 3ef: , -, -, sweet, p. 215

s.
m.

pl.
f.

n.

m.

f.

n.

Nom.

Acc.

Gen.

Dat.

() ()

Cf. , , (3e) & , , (3f)

s.
pl.
m.

f.

n.

m.

f.

n.

Nom.

Acc.

Gen.

Dat.

()

10A-E
11A-C
5A-B
5A-B
5A-B

()

sweet
sharp; bitter; shrill

3ef

[ ]
[ ]

deep
heavy

3ef

[ ]

sweet, pleasant

3ef

3ef

3ef

Irregulars
3A-E

(-)

many, much

irr.

4A-B

(-)

a, a certain; someone

irr.

9F-G

, , (-)

all

irr.

(-)

all, the whole

irr.

, ,

two
wretched, unhappy

, ,

this here
three

()

unwilling(ly)

3?

10A-E
7G-H
9A-E
9H-J
11A-C
11A-C

13C-F

willing(ly)

3?

16C-E

17A-E

apart; separately; (prep. + gen.)

apart/separately from
bronze

This and that, pp. 6060-61.

Same endings as definite article.

This, he, she, it

s.

pl.

Nom.

m.

f.

n.

m.

f.

n.

Acc.
Gen.
Dat.

n.

That, he, she, it

Nom.

m.

s.
f.

n.

m.

pl.
f.

Acc.
Gen.

Dat.

Many, much and big, great, pp. 6262-63.

(-), 2-1-2
s.

pl.

Nom.

m.

f.

n.

m.

f.

n.

Acc.

Gen.
Dat.

(-), 3-1-3
s.
m.
Nom.

f.

pl.
n.

m.

f.

n.

Acc.
Gen.

Dat.

?3ef

Positive, Comparative, Superlative, pp. 136136-137

Positive

Comparative
(decline like )

, -, -

, ,

Superlative
(decline like )

, -, -

, ,

,
-, -
Alternative Comparative Forms, p. 165-166
Comparing Adjectives like , p. 166

,
-, -

Irregular
Positive

Comparative (cf. )

Superlative (cf. )

, ,

, (-)
, (-)

, -, -
, -, -

, ,
, ,

, (-)
, (-)
, (-)

, -, -
, -, -
, -, -

, ,

, (-)

, -, -

, ,

, (-)

, -, -

Regarding alternative comparative forms, Hdt. 22

s.
m./f.

pl.
m./f.

n.

n.
*

Nom.
Acc.

Gen.
Dat.

()

()

* < -, < -

Autos pronoun/adjective, pp. 153-154.

Indefinites/interrogatives, p. 109.

No one, nothing,
(
(-), p. 75
Follows 3-1-3 pattern. Feminine adds before 1b personal endings.
s.
m.

f.

n.

Nom.
Acc.

Gen.
Dat.

All, whole, every, ((-), p. 193

3-1-3
8

m.

f.

n.

Nom.
Acc.

s.

pl

s.

pl.

s.

pl.

Gen.
Dat.

()

()