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୯ύኧᏢ!
!
ಃΟн!
!
ጓ!ހᏢಞЋн!
ಃΟн Ьᚒǵ
Ьᚒǵ४ݤϦԄ
2.2!!ޑکѳБϦԄ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
Ǻ
Ǻ
४ݤϦԄǺ
ჹܭҺཀኧ bǵcǵdǵeǴ )bɠc*Ø)dɠe*ɨ bd,be,cd,ce ኧᏢᆀ
ࣁ४ݤϩଛࡓ
४ݤϩଛࡓǴ٠Ъஒ
४ݤϩଛࡓ bd,be,cd,ce ᆀࣁ)bɠc*Ø)dɠe*ޑ໒Ԅ
໒ԄǶ
໒Ԅ
ጄ ٯ2ǺճҔΠय़ޑკǴᏢಞ४ݤϦԄǺ
a b
c ac bc
d ad bd
)2*य़ޑεߏБ
εߏБߏޑɨ
εߏБ b,c Ǵቨɨ d,e
य़ᑈɨ bd,be,cd,ce Ƕ
)3*კύǴѤঁߏБޑय़ᑈϩձࣁ bd )Ѱ*ǵ be )ѰΠ*ǵ
cd )ѓ*ǵ ce )ѓΠ*Ƕ
җ)2*ǵ)3*ёளډ
!!!)bɠc *Ø)dɠe *ɨ bd,be,cd,ce
ግಞ 2Ǻ
ӵΠკ܌ҢǴςߏޕБӚᜐࡋߏޑϩձࣁ 6Ǵ5Ǵ4Ǵ3ǹஒѤঁߏ
Бޑय़ᑈᆉр٠ቪӧޜϣǶ٠Кၨ೭Ѥঁय़ᑈکޑᆶ)6,5*)4,3*
ޑ४ᑈࢂց࣬ǻ
5 4
3 ( ) ( )
2 ( ) ( )
3-1
ጄ ٯ3ǺճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉ 216Ø23 ॶޑǶ
ှǺ216Ø23
>)211,6*!)21,3*
>211Ø21,211Ø3,6Ø21,6Ø3
>2111,311,61,21
>2371
BotǺ2371
٣ჴǴҔޔԄ४ݤஒ 216Ø23 Ψёаள ډ2371 ࣬ӕ่݀ޑǶ
1 4
ግಞ 4ǺճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉ : Ø: ॶޑǶ
2 5
3-2
ΒǺ
ΒǺ
४ݤϦԄΒǺ
ჹܭҺཀኧ bǵcǴ (a + b )2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 ǴᆀࣁޑکѳБϦԄ
ޑکѳБϦԄ
ጄ ٯ5ǺճҔΠय़ޑკǴᏢಞ४ݤϦԄǺ
a b
a a2 ab
b ab b2
)2*य़ޑε҅Б
ε҅Бޑᜐߏɨ
ε҅Б b,c Ǵय़ᑈɨ )b,c*3 Ƕ
)3*კύǴѤঁߏБ҅܈Бޑय़ᑈϩձࣁ
b3 )Ѱ*ǵ bc )ѰΠ*ǵ
bc )ѓ*ǵ c3 )ѓΠ*Ƕ
җ)2*ǵ)3*ёளډ
)b,c*Ø)b,c*ɨ b3,3bc,c3
܈ !!)b,c!*3ɨ b3,3bc,c3
)bɠc*3ɨ
ግಞ 5ǺճҔ४ݤϩଛࡓीᆉ)
ግಞ 6ǺճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉ)61/4*3 ॶޑǶ
3-3
ጄ ٯ7ǺճҔޑکѳБϦԄीᆉ 783,3Ø78Ø44,443 ॶޑǶ
ှǺ783,3Ø78Ø44,443
ɨ)78,44*3
ɨ2113
ɨ21111
BotǺ21111
ግಞ 7Ǻ
ճҔޑکѳБϦԄीᆉ 6/33,3Ø6/3Ø5/9,5/93 ॶޑǶ
3-4
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/ፎᓨቪрΠӈϦԄ
2/
)2*!)bɠc*)dɠe*ɨ
)3*!)bɠc*3ɨ
3/ղᘐΠӈӚԄࢂց҅ዴǻ
3/
҅ዴޑፎӧɍϣѺΉǴᒱᇤޑፎӧɍϣѺØǶ
) a ᆶ b ֡όࣁ 1*!
ɍ ( a + b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 ɍ (a + b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
4/ղᘐΠӈԄࢂց҅ዴǴ҅ዴޑፎӧɍϣѺΉǴᒱᇤޑፎӧɍϣѺ
ØǴ٠ु҅Ǻ
Ȑ2ȑ2123ɨ2113ɠ3Ø211Ø2ɠ23
ɍ҅ዴ ɍό҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ
Ȑ3ȑ2143ɨ2113,43
ɍ҅ዴ ɍό҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ
5/ፎ٩ྣࡰҢ༤Εޑኧӷ
!318 2 ɨ) ɠ8 ) 2 ɨ) ) 2 ɠ3Ø) *Ø8ɠ) )2
6/ӵკࢂҗᜐߏࣁ b ҅ޑБҘ
ҘǴӆံߏঁٿǵቨϩձࣁ bǵc ޑ
ߏБکঁᜐߏࣁ c ҅ޑБΌ
ΌಔӝԶԋޑǶ a b
ς ޕbɠcɨ9Ǵbcɨ26Ǵ a Ҙ ab
ፎୢ҅ٿБҘǵΌޑय़ᑈکܭӭϿǻ
b ab Ό
3-5
1 1
/ ӵ݀!)21ɠ *3ɨ213ɠ) *3ɠɍ
) *7/ ɍǴፎୢ ɍɨǻ
5 5
)B*!1!!!!)C*!3!!!!)D*!5!!!!)E*!7Ƕ
8/ճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑȐፎቪрᆉԄȑ
Ǻ
1
Ȑ2ȑ 3143!!!!! Ȑ3ȑȐ61 ȑ3
4
)!!*9/ѓკࢂঁ҅БǴϩԋѤϩǴځय़ᑈϩձࢂ b3ǵbcǵc3ǵ
bcǴ߾চ҅Бޑᜐߏࢂ ǻ
ȐBȑb3ɠc3 ȐCȑbɠc
ȐDȑb3ɡc3 ȐEȑbɡc
:/ӵѓკǴஒߏБ BCDE ϩԋ
A B
ѤঁλߏБǴځय़ᑈϩձ mp
mn
ࣁ noǵnqǵqrǵorǴ
nq pq
߾ AB ɨ
D C
1 1
21/bɨ677 Ǵcɨ44 Ǵ߾ b3ɠ3bcɠc3ɨ
2 2
22/ऩ 21183ɨ2111111ɠ3111yɠ5:Ǵ::63ɨ2111111ɠ3111zɠ36Ǵ߾
yzɨ
23/ ऩȐ3118/6ȑ3ɨ31183ɠyǴ߾ yɨ
24/ճҔ४ݤϦԄǴीᆉ38:3,669Ø32,323>
3-6
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
3 2
)!!!!!*2/вಒᢀჸѓკёள!)3118 ɠ3118ɠ3119*ɨ P Ǵ
)!!!!!*2
ځύ Qɧ1ǶፎգճҔᜪ՟ޑགྷݤǴр 2007 1
3
)3118 ɠ3118ɠ3119*ɠ3119ɠ311:!ɨǻ
)B*!31183 !!)C*!31193
)D*!311:3 !!!)E*!31213 2007
4/ӵΠკ܌ҢǴςޕঁεߏБǴ္य़ંޑय़ᑈϩձࢂǺ4ǵ5ǵ
6ǴಃѤঁંޑय़ᑈǻ
3 4
5 ǻ
3-7
QBSU!5Ǻ
QBSU!5Ǻၗྍံ๏
ೲᆉޑݤጔҗ
ٿՏኧޑ४ݤၮᆉਔǴԖঁೲᆉݤёаࡐזӦעเਢᆉрٰǹ೭
ೲᆉݤज़ڋΜՏኧӷѸ࣬ӕǴԶЪঁՏኧӷࣁکޑΜǹځเਢࣁ
ஒځύঁΜՏኧӷу 2 ࡕǴᆶќঁΜՏኧӷ࣬४Ǵ่݀ܫӧίՏ
ᆶԭՏǹӆঁঁٿעՏኧӷ࣬४ࡕǴ่݀ܫӧΜՏᆶঁՏǹനࡕև
ࢂߡ่݀ޑเਢǶ
ٯӵǺ45Ø47ɨǻ
ஒΜՏኧӷ ޑ4 у 2 ᡂԋ 5Ǵӆஒ 5 ᆶќঁΜՏኧӷ 4 ࣬
४Ǵள ډ5Ø4>23ǹനࡕஒঁঁٿՏኧӷ࣬४ள ډ5Ø7>35ǹ
ஒ 23 ܫӧίՏᆶԭՏǴ35 ܫӧΜՏᆶঁՏǴջளࣁ่݀ډ
2335ǴӵΠკ܌ҢǺ
4
3 4
× 3 6
1 2 2 4
٣ჴǴࡪྣ४܌ۺཷݤள่݀ޑډΨࢂ 2335ǴӵΠკ܌ҢǺ
3 4
× 3 6
2 0 4
1 0 2
1 2 2 4
3-8
ΞӵǺ58Ø54 ҭࢂӵԜǴӵΠკ܌ҢǺ
5
4 7
× 4 3
2 0 2 1
ॺךёаၸжኧԄηޑၮᆉΑှځύޑচӢǴаΠࢂޑॺךᇥܴǺ
з೭ঁٿΒՏኧϩձࣁǺΜՏࣁ bǴঁՏࣁ cǹ
аϷΜՏࣁ bǴঁՏࣁ dǹЪ c,d>21
߾)21b,c*)21b,d*
ɨ21bØ21b,21bØd,cØ21b,cØd
ɨ211b3,21bd,21bc,cd
ɨ211b3,21b)c,d*,cd
ɨ211!b3,21bØ21,cd!!)Ӣࣁ c,d>21*
ɨ211b3,211b,cd
ɨ211b)b,2*,cd
ӢԜஒ b ४а)b,2*൩ࢂஒΜՏኧӷᆶќঁΜՏኧӷу 2 ࣬ॶޑ४Ǵ
Զ 211b)b,2*൩ࢂஒॊ่݀ޑӆ४а 211 ७Ǵ࣬ॶځܫܭӧίՏ
ᆶԭՏǹനࡕӆуঁঁٿՏኧӷ࣬४ࢂߡ่݀ޑเਢΑǼ
3-9
ှเǺ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
5 4
ግಞ 2Ǻ
3 ( 15 ) ( 12 )
2 ( 10 ) (8)
٠Ъ४ᑈ࣬Ƕ
ግಞ 3Ǻ!4:17
1
ግಞ 4Ǻ 93
10
ግಞ 5Ǻ )!b,c!*Ø)!b,c!*ɨb3,bc,bc!,c3>!b3,3bc,c3
ግಞ 6Ǻ!3641/1:
ግಞ 7Ǻ211
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/)2*bd,be,cd,ce!)3*b3,3bc,c3
3/ (a + b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 (a + b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
4/Ȑ2ȑ2123ɨ2113ɠ3Ø211Ø2ɠ23
҅ዴ ɍό҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ
Ȑ3ȑ2143ɨ2113,43
ɍ҅ዴ ό҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ 2143ɨ2113,3Ø211Ø4,43
5/3183>)311,8*3>3113,3Ø311Ø8,83>5395:
1
6/45 7/!D !8/!)2*5231:!!)3* 2525 !!)4*7511!!)5*21111!
16
3-10
2.3 ৡޑѳБ
ѳБϦԄ
ѳБϦԄ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ǵৡޑѳБ
ѳБϦԄ
ѳБϦԄ
४ݤϦԄΟǺ
ჹܭҺཀኧ bǵcǴ (a − b )2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2 ǴᆀࣁৡޑѳБϦԄ
ৡޑѳБϦԄ
ጄ ٯ2ǺճҔ४ݤϩଛࡓीᆉ)bɡc*3
ှǺ)bɡc*Ø)bɡc*!ёа࣮ԋ
!!\bɠ)ɡc*^Ø\bɠ)ɡc*^ɨb3ɠb)ɡc*ɠb)ɡc*ɠ)ɡc*)ɡc*
ɨb3ɡbcɡbcɠc3 ɨb3ɡ3bcɠc3
ள) ډbɡc*Ø)bɡc*ɨb3ɡ3bcɠc3
Ψ൩ࢂᇥ!!!!!)bɡc*3 ɨb3ɡ3bcɠc3
BotǺb3ɡ3bcɠc3
ግಞ 2Ǻ
ճҔ४ݤϩଛࡓीᆉ)yɡz*3
ግಞ 3Ǻ
7
ճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉ 2::3 ᆶ (15 ) 2 ॶޑǶ
8
3-11
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/ፎᓨቪрΠӈϦԄ)
2/ bɡc*3ɨ
3/ղᘐΠӈӚԄࢂց҅ዴǻ
3/
҅ዴޑፎӧɍϣѺΉǴᒱᇤޑፎӧɍϣѺØǶ
) a ᆶ b ֡όࣁ 1*!
)2*ɍ
)2*ɍ (a + b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 )3*ɍ
ɍ (a − b) 2 = a 2 − b 2
)4*ɍ
)4*ɍ (a − b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab − b 2 )5*ɍ
ɍ (a − b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
4/ղᘐΠӈԄࢂց҅ዴǹᒱᇤޑፎु҅Ǻ
:83ɨ2113ɡ43
ɍ҅ዴ ɍό҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ
5/ፎ٩ྣࡰҢ༤Εޑኧӷ
)2*!::5 2 ɨ)2111ɡ )2
ɨ) ) 2 ɡ3Ø2111Ø) *ɠ) )2 ɨ
1 1 2
)3*!) 99 * 2 ɨ) ɡ )
2 2
1 1 2
ɨ) ) 2 ɡ3Ø) *Ø ɠ) ) >
2 2
6/ճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑȐፎቪрᆉԄȑ
Ǻ
Ȑ2ȑ 2:83 Ȑ1/::ȑ3
Ȑ3ȑ
7/ճҔ४ݤϦԄǴीᆉ::3ɡ29Ø::ɠ92ɨ
3-12
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
3
)!!*3/
3/Πӈবኧനௗ߈!)2::
3/ *3 ǻ
4
)B*!51111!!!)C*!4::::!!!)D*!4:::1!!!)E*!4::11
3-13
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
1
FY 2Ǻ x = − , a = −2 ਔǴ 2(ax + by ) ⋅ (by − ax) − (ax + by ) 2 − (ax − by ) 2 ϐ
4
ॶ
ှǺ
2(ax + by ) ⋅ (by − ax) − (ax + by ) 2 − (ax − by ) 2
= −[(ax + by ) 2 − 2(ax + by )(by − ax) + (ax − by ) 2 ]
= −[ax + by − by + ax]2
= −[2ax] 2
1
= −[2 ⋅ (−2) ⋅ (− )] 2
4
= −1
Ԝᚒऩ҂ӃҔ४ݤϦԄϯᙁǴԶޔௗжΕीᆉǴஒࡐᕷᅥǼ
BotǺ.2
9(a + b) 2 = 441
(a + b) 2 = 49
∴ a + b = ±7
BotǺ ± 7
FY 4Ǻ໒ (a + b + c) 2
ှǺ
( a + b + c) 2
3-14
= (a + b + c)(a + b + c)
= a 2 + ab + ac + ab + b 2 + bc + ac + bc + c 2
⎧x − 1 = 0
ΟঁѳБ ࣁک1Ǵջ ⎪⎨ y + 3 = 0
⎪z − 2 = 0
⎩
∴ x = 1, y = −3, z = 2
ࡺ 3x − 2 y + z = 3 + 6 + 2 = 11
BotǺ22
= (k + 47 − 10)(k + 47 + 10)
= (k + 47) 2 − 10 2
= 200738 − 100
= 200638
BotǺ311749
ှเǺ
3-15
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ግಞ 2Ǻ x 2 − 2 xy + y 2
7 1
ግಞ 3Ǻ2::3>4:712!Ǵ (15 ) 2 > 252
8 64
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/!b3.3bc,c3
3/)2*!Y !)3*Y!!)4*Y!!)5*Ή
4/Ήό҅ዴ :83ɨȐ211ɡ4ȑ3ɨ2113ɡ3Ø211Ø4ɠ43
5/)2*::53>)2111.7*3>21113.3Ø2111Ø7,73>:99147!
1 1 1 1 2 1
)3* (99 ) 2 = (100 − ) 2 = 100 2 − 2 ⋅ 100 ⋅ + ( ) = 9900
2 2 2 2 4
6/)2*4991:!!)3*1/:912!!)4*4711!!)5*3611!!!7/!9211
QBSU 4;ଯЋᝡמ
4;ଯЋᝡמ
2/E 3/!E
3-16
2.4 ѳБৡϦԄ
ѳБৡϦԄ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
४ݤϦԄѤǺ
ჹܭҺཀኧ bǵcǴ (a + b)(a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 ǴᆀࣁѳБৡϦԄ
ѳБৡϦԄ
ጄ ٯ2ǺճҔΠय़ޑკǴᏢಞ४ݤϦԄǺ
a b
b
ɨ)bɠc * ) bɡc *
җ)2*ǵ)3*ёளډ
)bɠc * ) bɡc *ɨb3ɡc3
٣ჴǴ)bɠc*Ø)bɡc*!ёа࣮ԋ
)bɠc*Ø\bɠ)ɡc*^ɨb3ɠb)ɡc*ɠbcɠc)ɡc*
ɨb3ɡbcɠbcɡc3 ɨb3ɡc3
ள)!ډbɠc*Ø)bɡc*ɨb3ɡc3
ግಞ 2Ǻ
ճҔ४ݤϩଛࡓ໒ (a + b)(a − b)
3-17
ጄ ٯ3ǺճҔѳБৡϦԄीᆉ 3:7Ø415 ॶޑǶ
ှǺ3:7Ø415
>)411.5*)411,5*
>4113.53
>:1111.27
>9::95
Bot;9::95
ግಞ 3Ǻ
ճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉ 31/4Ø2:/8 ॶޑǶ
ግಞ 4Ǻ
ճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉ 343.283 ॶޑǶ
3-18
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/ղᘐΠӈԄࢂց҅ዴǴჹޑѺȬɄȭǹᒱޑѺȬØȭ٠ु҅Ǻ
Ȑ2ȑ2523ɡ26:3ɨȐ252ɠ26:ȑȐ252ɡ26:ȑ
ɍ҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ
Ȑ3ȑ32Ø2:>)32,2:*)32.2:*
ɍ҅ዴ ु҅Ǻ
3/)2*ፎֹԋѳБৡϦԄ (a + b)(a − b) =
)3*ፎճҔ)2*ޑϦԄǴ :98Ø2124ɨǻ
)4*ፎճҔ)2*ޑϦԄǴ 126 2 − 124 2 ɨǻ
4/ፎрΠय़ቹҽޑय़ᑈǻ
24
4 4
24
Ԧ 16
/!:323ɡ:223 ࢂॶޑΠӈবঁኧޑ७ኧǻ
) *6/
)ຏǺᒧύ!:22ǵ33:!ࣁ፦ኧ*
)B*!:32!!!!!)C*!:22!!!!!)D*!431!!!!!)E*!33:Ƕ
3-19
7/ճҔ४ݤϦԄीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑȐፎቪрᆉԄȑ
Ǻ
Ȑ2ȑ219Ø:3 Ȑ3ȑ3:83ɡ4143
3-20
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
1 2007 ⋅ 2005
)!!!*2/ፎᒧҔޑБݤीᆉ + − 1911 >ǻ
2006 2006
1 1
)B*!:5 !!!!!)C*!:6!!!!)D*!:6 !!!!!)E*!21:6
2006 2006
2
)!!!*3/ፎճҔ४ݤϦԄǴղᘐΠӈՖޣᆶ 123 ό࣬ǻ
2 2
)B*! 146 + 23 − 2 ⋅ 146 ⋅ 23
2 2
)C*! 99 + 24 + 99 ⋅ 48
)D*! 124 ⋅ 122 − 1
)E* (120 ⋅ 121 + 120 ⋅ 2) + (3 ⋅ 121 + 3 ⋅ 2)
!28! !7!
)!!!*4/ς)!ޕ7: *Ø)81 *ɨbɠcǴځύ b ࣁ҅ኧЪ 1ɦcɦ
!34! !34!
2Ǵ
߾ bɨǻ)B*!4694!!!!)C*!4695!!!!)D*!59::!!!!)E*!5:11
)!!!*5/ीᆉ 9::3ɡ2123 ϐॶࣁՖǻ
)B*!899111!!)C*!8:9111!!!)D*!999111!!)E*!9:9111
)!!!*6/ऩ 2:::3ɡ31113ɨ2444!Ø bǴ߾ bɨȆ
)B*!2!!!)C*!ɡ2!!!)D*!4!!!)E*!ɡ4!
)!!!*7/ 3112Ø3113ɡ2:::Ø3115 ϐॶࣁՖǻ
)B*7 )C*27 )D*37 )E*47
3-21
!QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
a b c
2/ऩ abc = 1 Ǵ + + =1
ab + a + 1 bc + b + 1 ca + c + 1
ှǺ
a b bc
ѰԄ = + +
ab + a + abc bc + b + 1 bca + bc + b
1 b bc
= + +
b + 1 + bc bc + b + 1 1 + bc + b
1 + b + bc
=
b + 1 + bc
=1
BotǺ2
!!!!)3*.)2*Ǻ125 = b 2 − a 2
(b + a )(b − a ) = 125
⎧b + a = 125 ⎧b + a = 25
⇒⎨ ܈ ⎨
⎩b − a = 1 ⎩b − a = 5
⎧a = 62 ⎧a = 10
⇒⎨ ܈ ⎨
⎩b = 63 ⎩b = 15
܌а x = 62 2 − 79 ܈ x = 10 2 − 79
⇒ x = 3765, 21
BotǺ4876-!32
3-22
ግಞ 3Ǻࢌ҅ኧ x Ǵу 211 ܈279 ࡕǴ֡ࣁֹӄѳБኧǴ
x>
BotǺ267
30 − n
4/҅ኧ n Ǵ٬ள ε ܭ1 ЪࣁֹӄѳБኧǴ
n
n ܌ޑԖёૈॶ>
ှǺ
29 28 27 15
வ , , ,........,
1 2 3 15
24
n = 6 ਔǴ =4
6
15
n = 15 ਔǴ =1
15
BotǺ4-7-26
a
5/ς ޕa − b − 2 = 0 Ъ 2b 2 + b − 4 = 0 Ǵ − b ϐॶ>
b
ှǺ
җ a − b − 2 = 0 Ǵё ޕa = b + 2
җ 2b 2 + b − 4 = 0 Ǵ ޕb = 4 − 2b 2
a a − b2 b + 2 − b2
܌а − b = = !!)ᘉϩ ⋅ 2 *
b b b
2b + 4 − 2b 2
=
2b
3-23
2b + b
=
2b
3
=
2
3
BotǺ
2
= 11x 2 + 110
= 11( x 2 + 10)
x 2 = 1 ਔǴ k 2 നλɨ112 = (±11) 2
k = ±11
܌а k ϐനλॶɨ.22
˽otǺ.22
3-24
ှเǺ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ግಞ 2Ǻ)b,c*)b.c*>b3.bc,bc.c3>b3.c3
ግಞ 3Ǻ4::/:2
ግಞ 4Ǻ3511
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/)2*)Ʉ* )3* )˜* 32Ø2:>)31,2*)31.2*>313.23
3/)2*!b3.!c3 )3*:::942!!)4*611!!!!!!4/671!!5/431͘ѳБϦϩ
6/E!!!!7/!)2*::47!!)3*.4711!!8/D!!!9/32311!!
QBSU 4;ଯЋᝡמ
4;ଯЋᝡמ
2/!C!!!3/!D!!!!4/!D!!5/C!!!6/E!!!7/B
3-25
3.2!ӭԄޑу෧
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒ
ှǺ Ʉ
2 − 3x 4 ǹ-3
Ʉ
3 0x 3 ǹ1
Ʉ
4 11x 2 ǹ22
Ʉ
5 − 7 x ǹ.8
Ʉ
6 − a + 8 ǹ.2
ӭԄޑу෧ݤᏢಞౣǺɄ
2 ѐࡴဦ Ʉ
3 ӝٳӕᜪ
= 4 x 3 − 2x + 7 − 4 x 3 + 8x − 8
= 6x − 1
ᏢಞЈளঁٿΟԛӭԄ࣬уǴԛኧനଯࣁˠԛǴՠΨёૈफ़ԛȐӵ
ٯȑ
3-26
ጄ ٯ3Ǻ ϯᙁ (7 − 3x 2 ) − (7 x 2 − 5 x + 3)
ှǺ
(7 − 3x 2 ) − (7 x 2 − 5 x + 3)
= 7 − 3x 2 − 7 x 2 + 5 x − 3
= −10 x 2 + 5 x + 4
= 3 x − 1 − 5 + 19 x 2 + 19 x + 2 x 2 − 12 x + 28
= 21x 2 + 10 x + 22
ှǺ
⎧⎪ A + B = −8 x 2 + 9 x + 11L (1)
⎨
⎪⎩ A − B = 6 x 2 − 15 x + 29 L (2)
1
B= (−14 x 2 + 24 x − 18)
2
= −7 x 2 + 12 x − 9
3-27
ጄ ٯ6Ǻ λܴࢌԛԵ၂ٿӭԄ AǵB ޑуݤਔǴஒᚒҞύȨ A + B ȩ
࣮ԋȨ A − B ȩǴ่݀ᆉрޑเਢࣁ − 7 x 2 + 8 x − 11 Ǵऩς ޕB ࣁ
3 x 2 − 6 x − 7 Ǵ߾Ȩ A + B ȩ҅ޑዴเਢࣁՖǻ
ှǺ
A − (3 x 2 − 6 x − 7) = −7 x 2 + 8 x − 11 ᏢಞЈள
A = −4 x 2 + 2 x − 18 ଯЋགྷݤǺ
∴ A + B = (−4 x 2 + 2 x − 18) + (3 x 2 − 6 x − 7) A + B = A − B + 2B
= − x 2 − 4 x − 25
ှǺ
⎧a − 5 = 0 Ꮲಞౣ
⎨
⎩2b + 7 = 0 КԛଯޑǴ֡όёаӸӧǶ
−7 ࡺΟԛǵΒԛ߯ޑኧ֡ࣁ 0
∴ a = 5, b =
2
܌− ax + b − 6
19
= −5 x −
2
3-28
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/Πӈব٤όࢂ x ޑӭԄǻ
!!)Ҙ* 3x
!!)Ό*!7
5
!!)Ч*! 5 x + + 1
x
x2 x
!!)*! − + 15
5 3
)B*!ҘǵΌ!!)C*!ΌǵЧ!!)D*!ҘǵЧ!)E*!ѝԖЧ
4
3/ 7 − 2 x − x 4 ࣁ x ޑb ԛӭԄǴ b>ǻ
3
!!)B*!5!)C*!4!)D*!2!)E*!όዴۓ
8/ऩ A = −8 x 2 + 7 x − 87 Ǵ B = 9 x 2 − x − 91 Ǵ
A− B =
3-29
9/ѓკᙯ ࣁ֡ف90 0 ǴςޕΟᜐࡋߏޑǴ
>ߏڬ
:/ӕಃΖᚒკǴԿϿѸޕၰ ᜐߏࡋǴߡёߏڬځǶ
3-30
QBSU!4Ǻ໘ࡷᏯᚒ
1 ѓᜐࢂӭԄޔԄ෧ޑݤၸำǴፎୢɍό
ёૈࢂΠӈՖኧ .
3-31
2 ς ޕAǵB ࣁঁٿӭԄǴЪ A − 2 B = −2 x 2 + x + 5 Ǵ
2 A + 3B = −4 x 2 − 7 x + 17 ǴӭԄ B ࣁ .
3-32
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ҥБ࣬ᜢϦԄံޑк
x 3 + y 3 = ( x + y ) ⋅ ( x 2 − xy + y 2 ) ᆀࣁҥБکϦԄȐӃҥБӆ࣬уȑǴ
Զ x 3 − y 3 = ( x − y ) ⋅ ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) ߾ᆀࣁҥБৡϦԄȐӃҥБӆ࣬෧ȑǴ
аঁٿҥБޑϦԄǴଯύҔډȐаឦ୯ύጄൎȑǴёаҔ
x 3 ± y 3 = ( x ± y ) ⋅ ( x 2 m xy + y 2 ) ӝ߄ٳϐǶ
ᆶӈٿϦԄߏளࡐႽޑǴߡࢂ (a + b) 3 = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 + b 3 ᆀࣁ
БϦԄǶ
ਜύǴനԐइᒵΒ໒Ԅ߯ޑኧ߄:
ps : (a + b) 4 = 1a 4 + 4a 3b + 6a 2 b 2 + 4ab 3 + 1b 4 ⇒ ቶ (a − b) 4 = [a + (−b)]4
3-33
ླྀ፵ᇥǴԜ߄ࢂрԾчֺၘᏦϐЋǴӢԜύ୯ᆀࣁȨླྀ፵Οفȩ
ݤۺ୯ኧᏢৎ Pascal.
3-34
ᇞ
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
BotǺ2/!)C*!!ҘǺԛ ΌǺதኧ
ЧǺ x ӧϩ҆Ǵ܌аόࢂ x ޑӭԄ
ǺΒԛ
!!!!!3/!)B*!!!4/)E*!!!5/!)D*!!!6/!)B*!!!7/!)E*
!!!!!8/ − 17 x 2 + 8 x + 4
!!9/ 2(2 x + 9 + 3x − 5) + 2( x − 1)
= 12 x + 6
!!!!!:/Οᜐ)ࡋߏޑջಃΖᚒ܌๏ޑ
Οᜐߏ*
!!!!!21/!.25!) a = −9, b = 3, c = −7 *
QBSU!4Ǻ໘ࡷᏯᚒ
1.
ှǺ
AnsǺ(A)
3-35
2.
⎧⎪ A − 2 B = −2 x 2 + x + 5.......... ..(1)
ှǺ ⎨
⎪⎩2 A + 3B = −4 x 2 − 7 x + 17 ......( 2)
(1) ⋅ 2 : 2 A − 4 B = −4 x 2 + 2 x + 10.......( 3)
( 2) − (3) : 7 B = − 9 x + 7
−9
B= x +1
7
−9
AnsǺ x +1
7
3.
ှǺ
A = B Ǵ߾ӕԛჹᔈ࣬
ջ ax 2 = x 2 ,∴ a = 1
( a − b) x = 3 x
1 − b = 3,∴ b = −2
−1 = c
ࡺ a + 2b + 3c
= 1− 4 − 3
= −6
BotǺ.7
3-36
3.3 ӭԄ४ݤ
QBSU!J
QBSU!JǺЬᚒ
ጄ ٯ2Ǻ ൂ४ൂ
2 3
)2* ɡ ⋅ x !>!
3
)3* ɡ4 x ⋅ !6 x 3!>
ጄ ٯ3Ǻ ൂ४ӭ
BotǺ)2*!27 x 3ɡ51!
)4* 7 x 3ɡ32 x
3-37
ጄ ٯ4Ǻ ӭ४ӭ
!!!!>
!!!!>
ጄ ٯ5Ǻ ճҔޑکѳБϦԄӭԄ४ݤ
!)2*!)3 x ,4*3
!!!!>)!!*3!,3)!!*)!!*,)!!*3 ճҔ (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
ё࣪ౣϩଛࡓޑၸำ
>5 x 3,23 x ,:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
)3*!) x 3,2*3
!!!>)!!*3!,3)!!*)!!*,)!!*3 (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
3-38
ጄ ٯ6Ǻ ճҔৡޑѳБϦԄӭԄ४ݤ
)2*!)4 x .6*3
>)!!*3 .3)!!*)!!*,)!!*3
)3*!)5 x 3.4*3
!!!>)!!*3 .3)!!*)!!*,)!!*3
ጄ ٯ7Ǻ ճҔѳБৡϦԄӭԄ४ݤ
!!!>5 x 3.:
1 1
)3*!) x . *) x , *
2 2
!!!>)!!*3 .)!!*3
1
!!!> x 3.
4
1
BotǺ)2* 3 x !-4!)3* x !-
2
3-39
ጄ ٯ8Ǻ ճҔϩଛࡓᏤрଯύϦԄ
3 3
ʈҥБکϦԄ
> x !) x ɡ x ,2*,2) x ɡ x ,2*
!!!!>!
>
ʈҥБৡϦԄ
!!!!>
3-40
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
)!!*2/ΒԛӭԄ४аԛӭԄǴԋࣁ൳ԛӭԄǻ
!!!!!!)B*!3!)C*!4!)D*!5!)E*!όۓǶ
)!!*3/ΒԛӭԄуԛӭԄǴԋࣁ൳ԛӭԄǻ
)B*!2!)C*!3!)D*!4!)E*!όۓǶ
!!!!!!)B*!.24!)C*!8!)D*!.4!)E*!28
6 7
)!!*5/ऩ) 49 *) 50 *>b,cǴς ޕb!ࣁ҅ኧЪ 1=c=2Ǵ߾ b>ǻ
13 13
)B*!3561!)C*!355:!)D*!35::!)E*!3611
1
6/ϯᙁ)5 x .27* ⋅ >
4
2 7 3
7/ϯᙁ x Ǹ). x *>
3 12
3-41
QBSU!4Ǻ໘ࡷᏯᚒ
ࣁ .
3-42
2 ( x − 3)( x + 2)( x − 1) ໒Ԅύ x 2 ߯ኧ=
3-43
3 ѓკύǴ ∠G = 90°, ∠H = 90° Ǵ AD = 2 x + 3 Ǵ
BC = 5 x − 1 Ǵ BG = x − 5 Ǵ DH = 4 x − 6
ፎ٩ׇӣเΠӈ 1ɴ3 λᚒ
1
1 ೱ BD Ǵ߾໌ فΔABD य़ᑈ = ⋅ AD ⋅ BG !> ѳБൂՏ
2
1
2 ໌ فΔBCD य़ᑈ = ⋅ BC ⋅ !> ѳ
2
БൂՏ
3-44
4 ( − x 2 − 5 x + 3) ⋅ (13x 3 − x − 6) ໒ԄύǴ x 2 ߯ޑኧࣁ
a =
3-45
5 ં ABCDȐӵѓკȑځύ AF = 2 Ǵ
AB = 2 x + 1 Ǵ BC = x + 5 Ǵ CE = x Ǵ
3-46
6 ऩ (3x − 1)(4 x 2 + 6 x − 9) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
1a +b + c + d =
2a −b+c −d =
3-47
1 1
8/ऩ 2 x 2 − x + + 3 A = 0 Ǵ߾ӭԄ A >
2 4
3-48
3x 2 − 2 x + 1 2 x 2 + 5 x − 1
9/ϯᙁӭԄ −
5 3
3-49
:/၂ᖐΟٯᇥܴǺঁٿΟԛӭԄ࣬෧ࡕёૈᡂԋΒԛǵԛ܈தኧ
ӭԄǻ
3-50
21/ߏБᡏߏǵቨǵଯϩձࣁ ( x + 3), ( x − 2), ( x + 1)
)ځ2*߄य़ᑈ>
!!!!!!)3*ᡏᑈ>!
3-51
22/ҘΌЧѤΓǴӕਔှΟᚒӭԄ४ݤǴፎୢፔเჹനӭᚒǻ
Ҙ Ό Ч
( x + 3) 2 = x 2 + 9 Ʉ X Ʉ X
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1) = 2 x 2 − 12 X X Ʉ Ʉ
(3 x − 1) 2 = 9 x 2 − 1 Ʉ X X Ʉ
3-52
QBSU!JW Ǻၗྍံ๏
ᎩԄۓᆶӢԄۓ
ှǺ
җନݤচǺନԄ=ନԄ ⋅ Ԅ+ᎩԄ
ёள 2 x 2 − 11x − 15 = ( x − 7) ⋅ (2 x + 3) + 6
x = 7 жΕ㚌Ԅள
2 ⋅ 7 2 − 11 ⋅ 7 − 15 = 0 ⋅ 17 + 6
98 − 77 − 15 = 6
ё٬Ѱѓٿᜐ࣬ǴԜॶ࡞ࣁᎩԄǶ
ନԄࣁԛӭԄਔȐځᎩԄѸࣁதኧȑǴటᎩԄǶҗନݤচ
⋅ Ԅ೭ࣁ 0Ǵ߾ନԄ܌ளϐॶջࣁᎩԄǴԜջࣁᎩԄۓ
3-53
ှǺ
x = −1 жΕ x 3 − 17 x 2 − 9 x + 11
= − 1 − 17 + 9 + 11
=2
ளᎩԄ=2
ှǺ
x = −1 жΕ x 3 + x 2 + x + 1
= −1+1−1+1
=0
ளᎩԄ=0Ǵջନ
ᎩԄ=0ǴᆀࣁځӢԄۓǶΨ൩ࢂᇥǴӢԄۓࢂᎩԄۓ
ޑٯǶ
3-54
ٯ3: ӭԄ 3x 2 − 7 x − 6 = (3x + 2) ⋅ ( x − 3)
x−3= 0⇒ x = 3
жΕ 3x 2 − 7 x − 6
= 3⋅ 9 − 7 ⋅ 3 − 6
=0
ግಞ 3Ǻ ׯԋ 3x 2 − 7 x + a ࢂ x − 3 ޑ७Ԅ
a =
3-55
ٯ4: ऩ 2 x − 1 ࢂ 8 x 2 − mx + 3 ޑӢԄǴ m =
ှǺ
8 x 2 − mx + 3 = (2 x − 1) ⋅ A
1
2x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x =
2
жΕ 8 x 2 − mx + 3
1 1
ள8⋅ − m+3=0
4 2
1
5= m
2
∴ m = 10
ॺך໒ᏢಞϐਓǼ
Ʉ
2 x 2 −1 =
Ʉ
3 x 3 −1 =
Ʉ
4 x 4 −1 =
аԜᜪёளǺ x101 −1 =
Ʉ
5 ፎճҔय़ೕ߾Ǵीᆉ 2100 + 2 99 + 2 98 + L + 2 + 1 =
3-56
ግಞ 6Ǻऩ x 2007 + x 2006 + x 2005 + L + x + 1 = 0 Ǵ x 2008 =
3-57
ှเ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
BotǺ2/!!!)C*
3/!!!)C*
4/!!!)E*
5/ )D*
6/ x .5!!
7 4
7/. x
18
9/!3 x ,9!!!
21/ x 4, x 3ɡ x ɡ2
7 7 7
ံкᇥܴǺ5/ȴLfzȵ)61. *)61, *>613 ȉ) *3
13 13 13
49 49
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!>3611. !>35::,)2. *
169 169
3-58
QBSU!4Ǻ໘ࡷᏯᚒ
1.
ှǺ
4 A = 4( −3 x + 1) = −12 x + 4
3B = 15x + 21
1
B = (15 x + 21) = 5 x + 7
3
∴ 4 A ⋅ B = ( −12 x + 4) ⋅ (5 x + 7)
= −60 x 2 − 84 x + 20 x + 28
= −60 x 2 − 64 x + 28
x ߯ޑኧࣁ − 64
AnsǺ − 64
2.
ှǺ ( x − 3)( x + 2)( x − 1)
= ( x − 3)( x 2 + x − 2)
x 2 ⇒ x 2 − 3 x 2 = −2 x 2
x 2 ߯ޑኧࣁ − 2
AnsǺ − 2
3-59
3.
7 15 41 2 9
AnsǺ1 x 2 − x − 2 DH Ǵ 10 x 2 − 17 x + 3 311x 2 − x −
2 2 2 2
4.
ှǺ (− x 2 − 5 x + 3) ⋅ (13x 3 − x − 6)
x 2 ߯ޑኧ = 11
AnsǺ 11
ᒭΚ
ှǺ
(−6 x 2 + 8 x + 7) ⋅ (4 x 2 − ax + 5)
x ⇒ 8 x ⋅ 5 + 7 ⋅ (− ax) = −2 x
40 x − 7ax = −2 x
40 − 7a = −2
a=6
AnsǺ 6
3-60
5.
ှǺ DE = x + 1 Ǵ DF = x + 3
1
= ( x + 5)(2 x + 1) − [2(2 x + 1) + x( x + 5) + ( x + 1)( x + 3)]
2
1
= 2 x 2 + 11x + 5 − (4 x + 2 + x 2 + 5 x + x 2 + 4 x + 3)
2
1
= 2 x 2 + 11x + 5 − ( 2 x 2 + 13 x + 5)
2
13 5
= 2 x 2 + 11x + 5 − x 2 − x−
2 2
9 5
= x2 + x+
2 2
9 5
AnsǺ x 2 + x +
2 2
6.
ှǺ
Ԝᚒࣁ㚌ԄǴ x жΕҺཀኧѸё٬ٿᜐॶǶ
όѸޑ໒ϩձр a, b, c, d
1 x = 1 жΕ (3 − 1)( 4 + 6 − 9) = a + b + c + d
2 = a+b+c+d
3-61
2 x = −1 жΕ (−3 − 1)(4 − 6 − 9) = − a + b − c + d
( −4)( −11) = − a + b − c + d
a − b + c − d = −44
AnsǺ1 2 2 − 44
7.
ှǺ
1 1
2x 2 − x + + 3A = 0
2 4
1 1
3 A = −2 x 2 + x−
2 4
2 1 1
A = − x2 + x −
3 6 12
2 1 1
BotǺ A = − x 2 + x −
3 6 12
8.
ှǺ
3x 2 − 2 x + 1 2 x 2 + 5 x − 1
−
5 3
9 x 2 − 6 x + 3 10 x 2 + 25 x − 5
= −
15 15
9 x 2 − 6 x + 3 − 10 x 2 − 25 x + 5
=
15
− x 2 − 31x + 8
=
15
!!!!)ϪǺόёቪԋ − x 2 − 31x + 8 ǴӢࣁԜᚒࣁϯᙁԶߚှБำԄǴ
܌аόёѐϩ҆*
− x 2 − 31x + 8
BotǺ
15
3-62
9.
ှǺ
!!!!)2*ऩ A = x 3 + x 2 + 1
B = x3 + 2x 2 + 6
⇒ A − B = − x 2 − 5 ǾǾǾǾΒԛӭԄ
!!!!)3*ऩ C = x 3 + x 2 + 2 x + 1
D = x3 + x2 + x − 6
⇒ C − D = x + 7 ǾǾǾǾ ԛӭԄ
!!!!)4*ऩ E = x 3 + x 2 + x + 9
F = x3 + x2 + x + 3
⇒ E − F = 6 ǾǾǾǾǾ தኧӭԄ
21/
ှǺ
= 2( x 2 + x − 6 + x 2 − x − 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 3)
= 2(3x 2 + 4 x − 5)
= 6 x 2 + 8 x − 10
3-63
!!!)3* ( x + 3)( x − 2)( x + 1)
= ( x + 3)( x 2 − x − 2)
= x 3 + 2x 2 − 5x − 6
BotǺ)2*! 6 x 2 + 8 x − 10 )3* x 3 + 2 x 2 − 5 x − 6
11.
ှǺ
( x + 3) 2 = x 2 + 6 x + 9
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1) = (2 x) 2 − (1) 2
= 4x 2 −1
(3 x − 1) 2 = 9 x 2 − 6 x + 1
ࡺЬᚒ௶ॊ֡ᒱ
܌аΌΟᚒ֡բเ҅ዴ
BotǺΌ
3-64
QBSU!JW Ǻၗྍံ๏
ᒭ 3Κ
ှǺ
3x 2 − 7 x + a = ( x − 3) ⋅ A
x = 3 жΕ 3x 2 − 7 x + a ܭ0Ǵ
ջ 3⋅ 9 − 7 ⋅ 3 + a = 0
∴ a = −6
ግಞ 5Ǻ
ှǺ
Ʉ
2 ( x − 1) ⋅ ( x + 1)
Ʉ
3 ( x − 1) ⋅ ( x 2 + x + 1)
Ʉ
4 ( x − 1) ⋅ ( x 3 + x 2 + x + 1) Ǵ
Ʉ
5 ( 2 − 1)(2100 + 2 99 + 2 98 + L + 2 + 1) = 2101 − 1
∴ 2100 + 2 99 + 2 98 + L + 2 + 1 = 2101 − 1
3-65
ግಞ 6Ǻ
ှǺ
( x − 1) ⋅ 0 = x 2008 − 1
0 = x 2008 − 1
∴ x 2008 = 1
3-66
3.4!ӭԄޑନݤ
QBSU!J ǺЬᚒ
ጄ ٯ2Ǻ ൂԄନаൂԄ
x3
Ʉ
2 3 2
x ⎟ x = 2 =x
x
− 4x 4 4
Ʉ
3 4
− 4 x ⎟ 3x = = − x3
3x 3
ጄ ٯ3Ǻ ӭԄନаൂԄ
ϯᙁΠӈӚԄ
− 18 x 2 + 16 x
Ʉ
2 =
4x
3 (27 x 3 − 12 x ) ⎟ 3 x =
Ʉ
−9
BotǺɄ
2 x+4 Ʉ
3 9x 2 − 4
2
ှǺ
ନԄલதኧाံ 1
BotǺԄ; x − 3 ᎩԄ; 50
3-67
Ꮲಞཷۺ
2ǵӭԄନݤाձݙཀ
2 फ़Ꮘ௨ӈ Ʉ
Ʉ 3 લံ 1)х֖લதኧ*
3ǵࡌаϩᚆ߯ኧݤှᚒ
ግಞ 4Ǻ 6 x 2 − 18 x − 13 ନа 3x ޑԄᆶᎩԄ
ጄ ٯ5Ǻ ΠӈӭԄନޑݤԄᆶᎩԄ
(6 x 2 − x + 7) ⎟ (2 x − 3)
ှǺ
ΰ։ᠦএᑇऄα
BotǺԄ; 3x + 4 ᎩԄ;19
3-68
ግಞ 5Ǻ (2 x 2 − x − 3) ⎟ (2 x − 3)
ԄǺ
ᎩԄǺ
Ꮲಞཷۺ
2ǵӭԄନݤύǴԄᆶᎩԄ߯ޑኧёૈࣁϩኧǶ
3ǵऩᎩԄ>1Ǵ߾ᆀࣁନǶ
ጄ ٯ6Ǻ (6 x 2 + 4 x + 7) ⎟ (2 x + 3)
5 29
ԄǺ 3x − ᎩԄǺ
2 2
3-69
ግಞ 6.2Ǻ (9 x 2 + 5 x + 7) ⎟ (3x − 2)
ԄǺ
ᎩԄǺ
ግಞ 6.3Ǻ (5 x 2 − 6 x − 4) ⎟ (5 x + 1)
ԄǺ
ᎩԄǺ
Ꮲಞཷۺ
ӭԄନݤύǴԖલளाံ 1Ƕ
ጄ ٯ7Ǻ (4 x 2 − 3) ⎟ (2 x − 1) ନԄલԛ
ှǺ
BotǺԄ; 2 x + 1 ᎩԄ; − 2
3-70
ግಞ 7.2Ǻ (15 x 2 + 4 x) ⎟ (3x + 2)
ှǺ
3 + 2 15 + 4 + 0
ନԄલதኧ
ԄǺ
ᎩԄǺ
ግಞ 7.3Ǻ (7 x 2 − 3) ⎟ (3 x + 1)
ှǺ
3 +1 7 + 0 − 3 ନԄલԛ
ԄǺ
ᎩԄǺ
3-71
Ɉ҅ኧᆶӭԄନݤКၨ߄
҅ኧନݤ ӭԄନݤ
13 ⎟ 4 = 3KK1 (2 x 2 − x + 7) ⎟ ( x + 2) = 2 x − 5KK17
13 1 1 2x 2 − x + 7 17
= 3+ = 3 = 2x − 5 +
4 4 4 x+2 x+2
ᙁǺ A = BQ + R !!!!!!!!!BǺନԄ!!!!CǺନԄ
A R
!!!!!!!ps! = Q + !!!!!!!!RǺԄ!!!!!!SǺᎩԄ
B B
ӆճҔ A = BQ + R
!>10 x + 13x + 4
2
BotǺ 10 x 2 + 13x + 4
3-72
2 x 2 − 15 x + 7 − 11
ጄ ٯ9Ǻ ऩ B ࣁӭԄǴЪ = x−6+ ǴӭԄ B
A A
ࣁՖǻ
ှǺ A = [2 x 2 − 15 x + 7 − (− 11)] ⎟ (x − 6)
[ ]
= 2 x 2 − 15 x + 18 ⎟ ( x − 6 )
Ӄղձࣁ܌ନԄ
= 2x − 3
ӆճҔ
ନԄ = )ନԄ ɡ ᎩԄ* ⎟ Ԅ
BotǺ 2 x − 3
3x 2 + 11x + 8 −2
ግಞ 9Ǻऩ C ࣁӭԄЪ = B+ ǴӭԄ C ࣁՖǻ
x+2 x+2
ගҢǺԄ>)ନԄ.ᎩԄ* ⎟ ନԄ
3-73
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
3-74
QBSU!4Ǻ໘ࡷᏯᚒ
1 ѓᜐࢂӭԄନޑݤीᆉၸำǴ٠а
3-75
2 ([ 3x 2 − 4 x + 9) − (− x 2 + 3x − 6)] ⎟ ( x − 1) ޑᎩԄ
3-76
4/ஒӭԄ A = ( x + 4)( x − 7) ෧ѐࢌኧࡕᡂԋ x − 9 ޑ७ኧǴ
ࢌኧࢂΠӈՖኧǻ
!!)B*.23!)C*37!)D*.21!)E*.2
3-77
5/ ஒ B = (3x + 1)( x − 5) ෧ѐ ax ࡕǴ൩ᡂԋ 3x − 5 ޑ७ኧǴ߾ a ёૈࣁΠӈ
Ֆኧǻ
!!)B*.7!)C*23!)D*.23!)E*7
3-78
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ύᏢғӭԄନޑݤᡍᆉБݤ
ୢΠӈ௶ॊՖ҅ޣዴǻ
)B*!ԜᡍᆉБ҅ݤዴǴऩ ନኧ ≠ ନኧ ⋅ + ᎩኧǴ߾
ߥᆉᒱΑ
)C*!ԜᡍᆉБݤᒱᇤǴӢࣁ ନኧ = ନኧ ⋅ + Ꭹኧ ѝҔ҅ܭኧ
)D*!ԜᡍᆉБݤߥૈۓգᆉჹ
)E*!λܴբϩᚆ߯ኧݤၸำᒱᇤǴ܌а൩ᆉᡍᆉБ҅ݤዴΨؒԖҔ
҅ዴเਢȐ˽ȑ
ӭԄନݤჹಞᄍ҅ܭኧନޑݤᏢғԶقǴ໒ࡐۈᜤௗڙǶ
ନΑाݙཀɄ
2 फ़Ꮘ௨ӈɄ
3 લံ႟Ʉ
4 ޔԄϩᚆ߯ኧݤीᆉǶЪीᆉၸ
ำΞதрϩኧǴаԿܭᏢғჹԾρޑှเߞЈό ىǶ
ऩа13 ⎟ 4 = 3 L 1 ࣁٯǴ߾җନݤচё ޕ13 = 4 ⋅ 3 + 1
܌аନݤচǺ A ⎟ B = Q L R → A = B ⋅ Q + RȐࣁࡡԄǴ x = 1
жΕҭԋҥȑёբࣁᡍᆉޑБݤǶ
Ȩऩ A ≠ B ⋅ Q + R Ǵ߾ߥᆉᒱΑǴ
ᇴפזрᒱᇤޑӦБु҅փǼȩ
3-79
ՠ A = B ⋅ Q + R ൩ߥૈۓգۓᆉჹ༏ǻเਢࢂցޑۓǶ
ϞᖐᒱှٰፕǺ
ှǺ
BotǺԄǺ x − 2 ᎩԄǺ − x + 3
൩य़ٯᚒٰᇥǴа x 2 − 2 x + 1 = ( x − 2)( x + x) + (− x + 3)
3-80
ᇞΚ
QBSU!J ǺЬᚒ
ግಞ 4Ǻ
BotǺ ԄǺ 2 x − 6 ᎩԄǺ − 13
ግಞ 5Ǻ
BotǺ ԄǺ x + 1 ᎩԄǺ 0
ግಞ 6Ǻ
11 43 7 13
BotǺɄ
2 ԄǺ 3 x + ᎩԄǺ Ʉ
3 ԄǺ x − ᎩԄǺ −
3 3 5 5
ግಞ 7
BotǺɄ
2 ԄǺ 5 x − 2 ᎩԄǺ5!
7 7 20
3 ԄǺ x −
Ʉ ᎩԄǺ −
3 9 9
ግಞ 8
BotǺ 20 x 2 + 17 x − 72
ግಞ 9
BotǺ 3x + 5
3-81
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
3 25
2 2 x − 2 Ǵ9!!!Ʉ
BotǺɄ 3 2 x − 1 Ǵ.3!!Ʉ
4 3x + -
2 2
9
Ϥ
4 2x + 1Δ 2 Ϥ
5 − x − Δ−5
7
QBSU!4Ǻ໘ࡷᏯᚒ
1.
ှǺ
Q 4ax = −12 x ∴a = −3
2 x ⋅ 8 = cx ∴c = 16
d − ( −24) = 18
d + 24 = 18 ∴d = −6
b − ( −12) = c
b + 12 = 16 ∴b = 4
ࡺ a + b + c + d = − 3 + 4 + 16 − 6 = 11
AnsǺ 11
3-82
2.
ှǺ [3x 2 − 4 x + 9 + x 2 − 3 x + 6] ⎟ ( x − 1)
= (4 x 2 − 7 x + 15) ⎟ ( x − 1)
AnsǺᎩԄ = 12
3.
ှǺ
A = ( x + 4)( x − 7)
= x 2 − 3 x − 28
ஒ ( x 2 − 3x − 28) ⎟ ( x − 9)
ࢌኧࣁ 37 ਔǴ x 2 − 3x − 28 − 26
= x 2 − 3 x − 54
= ( x + 6)( x − 9)
BotǺ)C*
3-83
4.
ှǺ
B = (3 x + 1)( x − 5)
= 3 x 2 − 14 x − 5
၂բ (3 x 2 + bx − 5) ⎟ (3x − 5)
܌а b = −2
− 14 x − (ax) = −2 x
∴ a = −12
!!BotǺ)D*
3-84
ಃΟнЬᚒΟѳБਥ
4.2 ѳБਥۺཷޑ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ǺᇡѳБኧ
Ǻ
ॺךޕၰ҅Бޑय़ᑈܭᜐߏޑѳБǴॺךΨёаவΠय़ޑБ
ύਣрय़ᑈࣁ 2ǵ5ǵ:ǵ27ǵǾ҅ޑБǴӵΠკ܌ҢǺ
ጄ ٯ2
ֹԋΠ߄Ǻ
a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a2 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100
a 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
a2 121 144 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400
ግಞ 1 ֹԋΠ߄Ǻ
a 21 22 23 24 25
a2
Β
ΒǺᇡѳБਥ
2/ ჹܭ҅ኧ aǴऩኧ b ᅈ ىb2>aǴ߾ b ࢂ a ޑѳБਥǶҗܭ
).b*×).b*>b2>aǴ܌а.b Ψࢂ a ޑѳБਥǹӢԜ b ᆶ.b ࢂ a
ޑѳБਥǶٯӵǺ(3)2=:Ǵ(-3)2=:ǹ܌а 4 ᆶ.4 ᆀࣁࢂ : ޑѳБ
ਥȐ܈ΒԛБਥȑǶ
3/ Ӣࣁ 1 ޑѳБ ܭ1Ǵ܌а 1 ޑѳБਥѝԖঁኧ 1Ƕ
3-85
4/ ӢࣁפόډኧޑѳБॄܭኧǴ܌аॄኧؒԖѳБਥǶ
ጄ ٯ2
ΠӈӚኧޑѳБਥǺ
25
)2*75!!!!!)3*255!!!!!!!)4*1/47!!!!!!)5*
49
ግಞ 2
ΠӈӚኧޑѳБਥǺ
16
)2*92!!!!!)3*2:7!!!!!!!)4*3/36!!!!!!)5*
121
ጄ ٯ3 ΠӈӚኧޑѳБਥǺ
(1)484 (2) 1225 (3)24×52×72 (4)-9
ှǺ(1)ճҔอନݤஒ 484 ϩှ
2 484
484=22×112
2 242
=(2×11)2
11 121
=222
11
܌а 484 ޑѳБਥࣁ 22 ᆶ-22
(2)ճҔอନݤஒ 1225 ϩှ
1225=52×72 5 1225
=(5×7)2 5 245
=352 7 49
܌а 1225 ޑѳБਥࣁ 35 ᆶ-35 7
(3) 24×52×72=(22×5×7)2
3-86
=(70)2
܌а 24×52×72 ޑѳБਥࣁ 70 ᆶ-70
(4)ӢࣁפόډኧޑѳБܭ-:Ǵ
܌а -9 ؒԖѳБਥ
ግಞ 3
ΠӈӚኧޑѳБਥǺ
(1)22×54×72 (2)4356 (3) -1
Ο
ΟǺᇡѳБਥ߄ޑҢݤ
2/ჹܭҺ҅ኧ aǴa ҅ޑѳБਥа a ߄ҢǴ a ᠐բਥဦ a ܈Βԛ
ਥဦ aǴa ॄޑѳБਥа. a ߄ҢǴ᠐բॄਥဦ aǶ
ٯӵǺ: ޑѳБਥࣁ 9 )>4*Ϸ. 9 )>.4*Ƕ
!!!!!!!!3 ޑѳБਥࣁ 2 ᆶ − 2 Ƕ
8 ޑѳБਥࣁ 7 ᆶ − 7 Ƕ
3/ऩঁ҅Бޑय़ᑈࣁ aǴ߾ᜐߏࣁ a ǹЪᅈ ( ىa ) 2 = a Ƕ
ጄ ٯ4
рΠӈӚኧॶޑǺ
(1) 36 (2) − 169 (3)11 ҅ޑБਥ (4)5 ॄޑѳБਥ
ှǺ)2*Ӣࣁ 47>72Ǵ܌а 47 ҅ޑѳБਥࣁ 7Ǵҭջ 36 =ˉ
)3*Ӣࣁ 27:>).13*2Ǵ܌а 169 ॄޑѳБਥࣁ.24Ǵҭջ − 169 = −13
)4*22 ҅ޑѳБਥ> 11
)5*5 ॄޑѳБਥ= − 5
ግಞ 4
рΠӈӚኧॶޑǺ
(1) 225 (2) − 16 (3)13 ҅ޑѳБਥ (4)8 ॄޑѳБਥ
3-87
ጄ ٯ5
рΠӈӚኧॶޑǺ
25 1
(1) (2) 2 (3)( − 0.09 )2 (ˇʼ ( 5 ) 2
49 4
25 5 25 5 25 5
ှǺ(1)Ӣࣁ = ( ) 2 Ǵ܌а ҅ޑѳБਥ= Ǵҭջ =
49 7 49 7 49 7
1 9 3 1 3 1 3
(2)Ӣࣁ 2 = = ( ) 2 Ǵ܌а 2 ҅ޑѳБਥ= Ǵҭջ 2 =
4 4 2 4 2 4 2
64 1
(1) (2) 6 (3)( − 1.69 )2 (4) ( 7 ) 2
9 4
ግಞ 6
ऩɡ5 ࢂ 9ɠ2x ॄޑѳБਥǴ߾Ǻ
)˞* x>ǻ )˟* 3xɠ1 ޑѳБਥࣁǻ
ጄ ٯ7
ऩ xɡ2yɡ4 ࢂ 16 ҅ޑѳБਥǴЪ 2xɠ5yɡ10 ࢂ 9 ॄޑѳБਥǴ߾
xǵy ӚࢂӭϿǻ
3-88
ှǺӢࣁ 16 ҅ޑѳБਥࣁ 5Ǵ
܌а xɡ2yɡ4=5Ǵ
ΞӢࣁ 9 ॄޑѳБਥࣁ-4Ǵ
܌а 2xɠ5yɡ10=-3
⎧x − 2 y − 4 = 4
ӢԜёள ⎨
⎩2 x + 5 y − 10 = −3
⎧ x − 2 y = 8....(1)
ϯᙁள ⎨
⎩2 x + 5 y = 7....(2)
(1)×2-(2) ёள -9y=9
߾ y=-2Ǵx=10
ግಞ 7
xɠyɠ1 ޑѳБਥࣁ²3ǴЪɡ2 ࢂ 3xɡ2yɠ5 ޑঁѳБਥǴǺ
)˞* xǴy ϐॶǶ
)˟* 2xɠ6y ޑѳБਥǶ
Ѥ
ѤǺБਥޑελКၨ
1.ऩ 0ɦaɦbǴ߾ a ɦ b Ƕ
2.ऩ 0ɦaɦbǴ߾ a2 ɦb2 Ƕ
ጄ ٯ8
Кၨ 5Ǵ 15 Ǵ 17 ޑελ Ƕ
ှǺ42=16Ǵ ( 15 ) 2 = 15 Ǵ ( 17 ) 2 = 17
Ӣࣁ 16ɦ27ɦ28Ǵ
܌а 15 ɦ5ɦ 17
ግಞ 8
Кၨ 9Ǵ 63 Ǵ 65 ޑελ Ƕ
3-89
ϖ
ϖǺѳБਥ߈ޑ՟ॶ
ጄ ٯ9
ճҔΜϩၳ߈ ݤ2 ॶޑǴ٠ҔѤ௭ϖΕډڗݤλኧಃՏǶ
ှǺӢࣁ
2 2
( 2 ) 2 = 2 Ǵ2 >2Ǵ2 =5ǹ
ᏢಞౣǺ
Ꮲಞౣ
܌а 1ɦ 2 ɦ2 ߏǶ
4
2 ӧኧጕࢂՏ ܭ2ǵ3 ϐ໔Ǵ 1 2
1 2 2
0 1 2
ஒ 1 ᆶ 2 ϐ໔ϩԋΜϩǴள ډ1.1ǵ1.2ǵ1.3ǵ
ǵ1.9ǹ
1.4 1.5
Ӣࣁ (1.41) =1.9881Ǵ(1.42)2=2.0164Ǵ
2
3-90
ግಞ 9
၂аΜϩၳ߈ ݤ6 ߈ޑ՟ॶȐаѤ௭ϖΕډݤλኧಃՏȑ
Ƕ
Ϥ
ϤǺ߄ݤѳБਥॶ)
߄ݤѳБਥॶ)ёૈࣁ߈՟ॶ*
ёૈࣁ߈՟ॶ*
N N2 N 10 N
ٯӵǺ
ಃՉύԖঁ҅ኧ 15ǹ
ಃΒՉ N2 ύᆶ 14 ӕӈޑኧࢂ 197Ǵж߄ 142=197ǹ
ಃΟՉ N ύᆶ 14 ӕӈޑኧࢂ 3.741658Ǵж߄ 14 ɨ3.741658ǹ
ಃѤՉ 10 N ύᆶ 14 ӕӈޑኧࢂ 11.83217Ǵж߄ 140 ɨ11.83217Ƕ
3-91
ጄ ٯ10
ፎਥᏵॊޑ४Б໒Б߄ǴрΠӈӚԄϐॶǶ
(1) 18 (2) 120 (3) 17 2 (4) 361
ှǺ
(1) 18 = 4,242641 (2) 120 = 10.95445 (3) 17 2 = 289
(4) 361 = 19 2 = 19
ግಞ 10
ፎਥᏵॊޑ४Б໒Б߄ǴрΠӈѳБਥϐॶǶ
(1) 19 (2) 130 (3) 289
3-92
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
1.ΠӈӚ௶ॊύǴ҅ዴፎѺȨɄȩ
ǴᒱᇤፎѺȨ˜ȩǺ
( )(1)Ӣࣁɡ9ɨɡ32Ǵʀɡ3ࢂɡ9 ޑѳБਥ
( )(2) 16 = ±4
( )(3)0 ؒԖѳБਥ
1 3
( )(4) 2 ޑѳБਥࣁ ±
4 2
( )(5) 81 ޑѳБਥ ²9
( )(6) (−11) 2 = −11
2.рΠӈӚኧޑѳБਥǺ
7
(1)25 (2)1 (3)0.0049 (4)34×52×76
9
3.рΠӈӚኧॶޑǺ
1
(1) (−16) 2 (2) 4900 (3) 7 (4) (− 5 ) 2
9
4.ճҔྗϩှԄΠӈӚኧޑѳБਥǺ
(1)576 (2) 5184
3-93
6.Ԗঁᜐߏࣁ a Ϧϩ҅ޑБǴय़ᑈࣁ 43 ѳБϦϩǴ߾Πӈ௶ॊ
Ֆ҅ޣዴǻ)˽* 5ɦaɦ6 )˾* 6ɦaɦ7 )˿* 7ɦaɦ8 )̀* 8ɦaɦ9Ƕ
7.ς ޕ4.352ɨ18.9225Ǵ4.362ɨ19.0096Ǵ4.3552ɨ18.966025ǴճҔѤ
௭ϖΕ ݤ19 ߈ޑ՟ॶډλኧಃΒՏɨ Ƕ
12
8. ɨ
27
9. mɨ34Ø52Ø72Ǵ߾ m ɨ
36
12. 169 ɠ 0.04 ɠ Ȑɡ3ȑ2 ɠ ϐॶࣁ
25
3-94
13.ճҔΠ߄ӣเୢᚒǺ
N 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
N2 121 144 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400
߄٬ҔБݤǺӵ 182ɨ324 ʀ 324 ɨ18
)˞* 169 ޑѳБਥǶ
121
)˟* ϐॶǶ
49
)ˠ* 256 ޑѳБਥǶ
)ˡ* 300 ӧবঁٿೱុኧϐ໔ǻ
)ˢ* 110 Ǵ 120 Ǵ 130 ǴǾǾǴ 200 ӅΜঁኧǴځύϟ ܭ13 ᆶ 14
ϐ໔ޑኧԖ൳ঁǻ
3-95
QBSU 4;ଯЋᝡמ
4;ଯЋᝡמ
1 1 1 17 17
1. 4 ɨǻ )˽* 2 )˾* ²2 )˿* )̀* ²
4 2 2 2 2
3.ӵΠკ܌ҢǴࢂঁय़ᑈࣁ 16 ҅ޑБǴፎӧ೭ঁ҅Бϣฝ
ঁ҅БǴ٬ځय़ᑈ ܭ8ǶΞԜਔ೭ঁय़ᑈࣁ 8 ҅ޑБޑᜐߏ
ࣁՖǻ
4.၂ӣเΠӈୢᚒǺ
(˞)ᅈ ى9ɩ x ɩ13 ҅ޑኧ x Ԗ൳ঁǻ
(˟)ᅈ ى10ɩ n ɦ15 ҅ޑኧ n Ԗ൳ঁǻ
5. (1) (2 − 3 ) 2 = (2). ( 5 − 3) 2 =
7. x2 = 13 + 23 + 33 + 43Ǵ߾ x =ǻ
3-96
8.၂аΜϩၳ߈ ݤ23 ߈ޑ՟ॶȐаѤ௭ϖΕډݤλኧಃՏȑǶ
720
9. aǴbǴcǴd ֡ࣁ҅ኧǴऩ 720 26.8Ǵట٬ 720 ⋅ a Ǵ Ǵ
b
3-97
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
2/ς فޔޕΔABC ύǴ
∠C = 90 0 , AC = 1, ∠B = 15 0
AB =
ှǺ
բ ∠DAC = 60 0
߾ ∠ADC = 30 0
∠BAD = 75 0 − 60 0
= 15 0
∴ ΔDAB ࣁဈΟفǴ BD = AD
Ӣࣁ AD = 2 AC = 2 = BD
CD = 3 AC = 3
2 2 2
ࡺ AB = AC + BC
= 12 + ( 2 + 3 ) 2
= 1+ 4 + 4 3 + 3
=8+4 3
= 8 + 2 12 פb,c>9-bc>23
= ( 6)2 + 2 6 ⋅ 2 + ( 2)2
= ( 6 + 2)2
∴ AB = 6 + 2
ᚒύ 8 + 4 12 ᆀࣁȸᚈख़Бਥȹ
פb,c>9
FYǺ 8 + 2 15 = ( 5 ) + 2 5 ⋅ 3 + ( 3 )
2 2
!!bc>26
2
= ( 5 + 3)
ڗb>6-c>4
= 5+ 3
3-98
FYǺ 10 − 84 = 10 − 2 21
פb,c>21
= ( 7 ) 2 − 2 7 ⋅ 3 + ( 3) 2
!!bc>32
= ( 7 − 3) 2
ڗb>8-c>4
= 7− 3
10 − 2 21
FYǺ 5 − 21 = LfzǺᇙ 3bc
2
( 7 − 3)2
=
2
7− 3
=
2
2 ( 7 − 3)
=
2⋅ 2
14 − 6
=
2
3-99
ှเጇǺ
ግಞ 1
a 21 22 23 24 25
a2 441 484 529 576 625
4
ግಞ 2(1) ± 9 (2) ± 14 (3) ± 1.5 (4) ±
11
ግಞ 6(1)8Ǵ(2)±5
ግಞ 7(1)x=4Ǵz>6!!!)3*±7
ግಞ 8 65 ɧ8ɧ
ɧ 63
ግಞ 9 6 ɭ2.4
ግಞ 10(1) 4.358899 (2) 11.40175 (3) 17
Ȝ୷ᘵግಞጇȝ
୷ᘵግಞጇȝ
1/×Ǵ×Ǵ×Ǵ○Ǵ×Ǵ×
4
2.(1)±5 (2) ± (3) ±0.07 (4) ±32×5×73
3
8
3.(1)16 (2)70 (3) (4)5
3
11
12. 17.4 13. (1) ±13 (2) (3) ±4 (4)17Ǵ18 (5)3 ঁ
7
3-100
QBSU 4;ଯЋᝡמ
4;ଯЋᝡמ
1.C 2. A
3. 8
4.(1)89 ঁ (2)125 ঁ
5.(1)2- 3 (2)3- 5
6.0.0072
7.±10
8. 23 ɭ5/9
9.a=6Ǵb=6Ǵc=:Ǵdɨ45Ǵ aɠbɠcɠdɨ63
10.6 ঁ
11. a 2 ɡȈaɡbȈɨ(-a)-(b-a*ɨ-b
3-101
ಃΟн ЬᚒΟ ѳБਥ
4.3 Бਥޑၮᆉ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ǺਥԄޑཀကᆶ୷ҁၮᆉ
ǺਥԄޑཀကᆶ୷ҁၮᆉ
ᆉԄύ֖ԖਥဦǴӵ 2 + 3 Ǵ − 5 ⋅ 2 ǴǾᆉԄᆀࣁਥԄ
ਥԄǶЪऩ
ਥԄ a
ࢂҺཀኧǵϩኧ܈λኧǴb ࢂε܈ܭ ܭ1 ޑኧǴ߾ीᆉਥԄޑϯ
ᙁᆶжኧԄ࣬ӕǴஒȨ×ȩϷȨ⋅ȩ࣪ౣǴ٠ஒ߯ኧܫӧਥԄޑय़Ƕ
1 b
(1) a× b = a b (2) b ⎟ a = b ⋅ =
a a
ጄ ٯ2
ीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑǶ
2
(1) 7 ⋅ 3 (2) 4 2 ⋅ (3) − 1⋅ 6
3
ှǺ(1) 7 ⋅ 3 ɨ4 7
2 8 2 8
(2) 4 2 ⋅ ɨ ) ܈2 *
3 3 3
(3) − 6
ግಞ 1
ीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑǶ
7 3 5
(1) − 3⋅ 5 5 (2) ⋅ 16 (3) 6⎟
12 2 4
3-102
Β
ΒǺਥԄޑ४ନၮᆉ
2/ऩ aǵb ࣁ҅ঁٿኧ ܈1Ǵ
a a
߾ a⋅ b = ab Ǵ a ⎟ b = = = a⎟ bǶ
b b
ጄ ٯ2
ीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑǶ
4 2
(1) 2 ⋅ 3 (2) 3 7 ⋅ 2 5 (3) 12 ⎟ 3 (4) ⎟
3 9
ှǺ(1) 2 ⋅ 3 = 2 ⋅ 3 = 6 Ƕ
(2) 3 7 ⋅ 2 5 = 3 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5 = 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 5 = 6 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 5 = 6 35 Ƕ
(3) 12 ⎟ 3 = 12 ⎟ 3 = 4 = 2 Ƕ
4 2 4 2 4 9
(4) ⎟ = ⎟ = ⋅ = 6Ƕ
3 9 3 9 3 2
ግಞ 2
ीᆉΠӈӚԄॶޑǶ
8 4
(1) 8 ⋅ 2 (2) 2 3 ⋅ 7 2 (3) 50 ⎟ 2 (4) ⎟
6 42
3-103
ጄ ٯ3
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
ှǺ(1) 12 = 2 2 ⋅ 3 = 2 2 ⋅ 3 = 2 ⋅ 3 = 2 3
(2) 45 = 3 2 ⋅ 5 = 3 2 ⋅ 5 = 3 ⋅ 5 = 3 5
(3) 21 ⋅ 35 = 21 ⋅ 35 = 3 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 5 = 7 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 = 7 ⋅ 15 = 7 15
(4) 6 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 49 = 6 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 49 = 5 2 ⋅ 7 2 ⋅ ⋅ 6 = 5 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 6 = 35 6
ግಞ 3
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
ጄ ٯ4
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
12 3 2
(1) 18 ⎟ 3 (2) ⎟ (3) 10 ⎟
5 25 9
3-104
ှǺ(1) 18 ⎟ 3 = 18 ⎟ 3 = 6
12 3 12 3 12 25
(2) ⎟ = ⎟ = ⋅ = 4⋅ 5 = 2 5
5 25 5 25 5 3
2 2 9
(3) 10 ⎟ = 10 ⎟ = 10 ⋅ = 5 ⋅ 9 = 3 5
9 9 2
ግಞ 4
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
24 4 5
(1) 80 ⎟ 20 (2) ⎟ (3) 30 ⎟
7 21 18
Ο
ΟǺਥԄޑԖϯ
໒Бኧࣁϩኧǵλኧ܈ϩ֖҆ԖਥဦޑόࢂനᙁਥԄǴٯӵǺ
1 3
ǵ 0.3 ǵ ǵǾόࢂനᙁਥԄǶॺךёаճҔᘉϩޑБԄ
2 2
ஒѬϯࣁനᙁБਥǴஒϩ҆ϯԋόԖਥဦޑၸำǴᆀࣁϩ҆Ԗϯ
ϩ҆ԖϯǶ
ϩ҆Ԗϯ
ጄ ٯ5
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
3 5
(1) (2) (3) 0.4
5 12
3 3⋅ 5 3 5
ှǺ(1) = =
5 5⋅ 5 5
5 5 5 5⋅ 3 15
(2) = = = =
12 12 22 ⋅ 3 22 ⋅ 3⋅ 3 6
3-105
4 2 2⋅ 5 10
(3) 0.4 = = = =
10 5 5⋅ 5 5
ግಞ 5
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
3 7
(1) (2) (3) 0.9
6 18
ጄ ٯ6
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
3 2
(1) (2)
5− 2 5+ 3
3
ှǺ(1)
5− 2
3( 5 + 2 )
ɨ
( 5 − 2 )( 5 + 2 )
3( 5 + 2 )
ɨ
( 5)2 − ( 2)2
3( 5 + 2 )
ɨ
3
ɨ 5+ 2
3-106
2
(2)
5+ 3
2 ⋅ ( 5 − 3)
ɨ
( 5 + 3 )( 5 − 3 )
2( 5 − 3 )
ɨ
2
ɨ 5− 3
ግಞ 6
ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄ
3− 2 3
(1) (2)
3+ 2 7 −2
Ѥ
ѤǺਥԄޑу෧
Ԗ٤ਥԄԖ࣬ӕޑБਥǴॺךᆀ೭٤ਥԄࣁӕᜪБਥ
ӕᜪБਥǹٯӵǺ
ӕᜪБਥ
3 2
2 Ǵ5 2 Ǵ ǴǾԖ࣬ӕޑБਥ 2 ǴӢԜࢂឦܭӕᜪБ
7
ጄ ٯ7
ीᆉΠӈਥԄǴ٠ஒเਢϯᙁǺ
3 2
(1) 50 + 72 − 32 (2) −
2 3
ှǺ(1) 50 + 72 − 32
ɨ5 2 + 6 2 − 4 2
ɨ7 2
3-107
3 2
(2) −
2 3
6 6
ɨ −
2 3
3 6 2 6
ɨ −
6 6
6
ɨ
6
ግಞ 7
ीᆉΠӈਥԄǴ٠ஒเਢϯᙁǺ
5 4
(1) 12 − 27 + 75 (2) −
4 5
ጄ ٯ8
ीᆉΠӈਥԄǴ٠ஒเਢϯᙁǺ
(1) ( 7 + 3)( 7 − 3) (2) 2 3 ( 27 − 12 )
ှǺ(1) ( 7 + 3)( 7 − 3)
ɨ ( 7 ) 2 − (3) 2
ɨ7-9
ɨ-2
(2) 2 3 ( 27 − 12 )
ɨ2× 81 ɡ2× 36
ɨ2×9ɡ2×6
ɨ18ɡ12
ɨ6
3-108
ግಞ 8
ीᆉΠӈਥԄǴ٠ஒเਢϯᙁǺ
(1) ( 5 + 2 )( 5 − 2 ) (2) 2 5 ( 45 − 20 )
ϖ
ϖǺਥԄޑѤ߾ၮᆉ
ጄ ٯ9
ҘǵΌǵЧࢂ҅БǴΔABC ࣁفޔΟفǶӵ݀ AC = 6 + 2 Ǵ
BC = 6 − 2 Ƕ
A
(1) рҘǵΌޑय़ᑈǶ
Ч
(2) рЧޑᜐߏǶ Ҙ
ှǺ(1)Ҙޑय़ᑈ
BΌC
ɨ ( 6 + 2)2
ɨ ( 6)2 + 2 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 2 + ( 2)2
ɨ8+ 4 3
Όޑय़ᑈ
= ( 6 − 2)2
ɨ ( 6)2 − 2 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 2 + ( 2)2
ɨ8 − 4 3
(2)ਥᏵϭިۓ
Чޑय़ᑈ
ɨҘޑय़ᑈ+Όޑय़ᑈ
ɨ8+ 4 3 + 8 − 4 3
ɨ16
܌аЧޑᜐߏɨ4
3-109
ግಞ 9
ӵკ܌ҢǴҘǵΌࢂ҅БǴय़ᑈϩձࢂ 5 ѳБϦϩϷ 2 ѳБϦϩǶ
നѦൎ ABCD ࢂߏБǴय़ᑈࣁ 15 ѳБϦϩǶ AB ߏޑǻ
A D
Ҙ
Ό
B C
3-110
QBSU!3
QBSU!3Ǻ
!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
1.ᙁቪΠӈӚԄǺ
2
(1) 3⋅ 2 = (2) ⋅ 5 =
3
2.ஒΠӈБਥϯࣁനᙁБਥǺ
(1) 18 (2) 27 (3) 50 (4) 32 (5) 180
3.ϯᙁΠӈӚਥԄǺ
3 4 7 2 6 2 6
(1) (2) (3) (4) ⎟ (5) ⎟
2 3 5 18 5 5 3 5
4.ीᆉ٠ϯᙁΠӈӚᆉԄǺ
5 3 3 1
(1) 2 5 + 5 5 (2) 3 5 − 7 5 (3) 2+ 2 (4) −
4 5 4 3
3 2 1 3 5 1 1 1 1
(5) + (6) + − (7) 28 − 63 + 72 − 98
2 3 15 5 3 2 3 6 7
1 1 1 1 2 8 6 3
(8) 12 + + − (9) + − (10) 5 −2
3 20 5 2 25 49 5 10
3-111
5.ΠӈӚԄޑ४ᑈǴ٠ϯࣁനᙁਥԄǺ
(1) 2 (−1 + 6 ) (2) 6 ( 3 − 2 ) (3) (2 + 3 2 )(3 − 2 2 )
7/ϯᙁΠӈӚԄǺ
1 2 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3− 2 5 +1 3+ 5 2− 3
3-112
QBSU 4;ଯЋᝡמ
4;ଯЋᝡמ
1.ΠӈӚԄޑ४ᑈǴ٠ϯࣁനᙁਥԄǺ
5 24 3
(1)Ȑɡ ȑ⋅ øȐɡ ȑ
6 25 5
5 2 12
(2) ⋅ ÷
2 3 5
1
(3) 12 ɠ ɡ 27
3 ɡ1
1 10 16
(4) 1 ø ⋅
4 3 21
(5) ( 7 − 5 ) 2 ( 5 + 7 ) 2
1 1
(6) ɠ
3ɠ 2 3ɡ 2
(7)Ȑ4 3 ɠ2 5 ȑȐ 3 ɡ3 5 ȑ
3-113
2. xɨ 2 ɠ 3 Ǵyɨ 2 ɡ 3 Ǵ߾ x2ɠy2ɨǻ
6.ɆABC ύǴ AB ɨ 7 ɠ 2 Ǵ AC ɨ 6 ɠ 3 Ǵ BC ɨ 5 ɠ2Ǵ߾ɸAǵ
ɸBǵɸC ޑελࣁׇՖǻ
3-114
1 1 1 1
8/ऩ A = + + + ....... +
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 2006 + 2007
B
=
( A + 1) 2 + 1
ှǺ
1 1 ⋅ ( 2 − 1)
= = 2 −1
2 +1 ( 2 + 1)( 2 − 1)
1 1⋅ ( 3 − 2 )
= = 3− 2
3+ 2 ( 3 + 2 )( 3 − 2 )
= 1004
B 1004
∴ 2
=
( A + 1) + 1 ( 2007 − 1 + 1) 2 + 1
1004
=
2008
1
=
2
1
BotǺ
2
3-115
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ှǺ
!!!!\ගҢ^Ǻ 2005 ⋅ 2003 + 1
= (2004 + 1)(2004 − 1) + 1
= 2004 2 − 1 + 1
= 2004 2
BotǺ3117
= 2 223 + 223
= 892 + 223
ࡺ (a, b) = (892,223) ѝԖᗺ
BotǺᗺ
3-116
ှเǺ
QBSU!2
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
4 7 6 6
ግಞ 2Ǻ(1) − 15 5 (2) (3)
3 5
6 14 3 10
ግಞ 6Ǻ(1) (2) (3)
2 6 10
ግಞ 6Ǻ(1) 5 − 2 6 (2) 7 + 2
5
ግಞ 8Ǻ(1) 4 3 (2)
10
ግಞ 9Ǻ(1)3 (2)10
ግಞ :Ǻ BC = 5 + 2
AB = 15 ⎟ ( 5 + 2 )
15
ɨ
5+ 2
15( 5 − 2 )
ɨ
( 5 + 2 )( 5 − 2 )
15( 5 − 2 )
ɨ
3
ɨ 5( 5 − 2 )
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2 5
1. (1) 3 2 (2) 2. ှǺ(1)3 2 (2) 3 3 (3)5 2 (4)4 2
3
3 2 4 5 14 3 10
(5) 6 5 3.(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 4. (1)7 5
2 15 6 3 3
37 2 3 5 6 15
(2)-4 5 (3) (4) (5) (6) − (7)0
20 6 6 15
3-117
7 3 5 29 2 4 30
(8) − (9) (10) 5.(1) − 2 + 2 3
3 10 70 5
5 −1
(7)6+2 5 (8) 5 + 2 6 (9)3 6(1) 3 + 2 (2)
2
(3) 2 5 − 2 3 (4) 6 + 3 3
QBSU 4;ଯ
4;ଯЋᝡמ
2 3 5 2 1− 3 14
1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 4 (6) 2 3
3 6 2 7
(7)-18-10 15 2. x2ɠy2ɨ ( 2 + 3 ) 2 + ( 2 − 3 ) 2 ɨ (5 + 2 6 ) + (5 − 2 6 )
ɨ10 3.Ȑ1ɡ 2 ɠ 3 ȑ×Ȑ1ɠ 2 ɡ 3 ȑɨ [1 − ( 2 − 3 )]⋅ [1 + ( 2 − 3 )]
2 3
ɨ 1 − (5 − 2 6 ) ɨ 2 6 − 4 4.௹ᜐߏɨ 2 3 Ǵଯɨ
3
3-118
ЬᚒѤ ϭިۓ
5.2!ϭިۓ
QBSU!2;Ьᚒื
فޔΟفύǴިٿѳБ>ک௹ᜐѳБ
2 2 2
ջ ΔABC ύǴऩ ∠C = 90 0 Ǵ߾ AC + BC = AB Ƕ
നᙁܰЪᐕўനΦ)!ࢂߡޑ6Ǵ5Ǵ4* ೭ಔǺ
3 2 + 4 2 = 5 2 Ǵځύ AC, BC ᆀࣁȹިٿȹȐόϩ
ελȑǴ AB ᆀࣁȸ௹ᜐȹǴࢂفޔΟޑفനεᜐǶ
;Ֆᒏϭިۓ
ጄ ٯ2Ǻ
ፎΠӈفޔΟޑف௹ᜐߏ;
)2*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)3*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)4*
ှǺ
)2* x 2 = 5 2 + 12 2
x 2 = 25 + 144
x 2 = 169
∴ x = ±13 !)ॄόӝ*
3-119
!!!!)3* y 2 = 5 2 + 5 2
y 2 = 50
y = ± 50
∴ y = ±5 2 !)ॄόӝ*
ԜࣁΟ݈فύǴ 45 0 − 45 0 − 90 0 ဈفޔΟف
ޑΟᜐК 2Ǻ2Ǻ 2 ǴಞᄍᆀΟٿ݈ٗفᅿΟف
ࣁȹਸفޔΟفȹǶ
!!!!!)4* z 2 = 7 2 + 24 2
z 2 = 49 + 576
z 2 = 625
∴ z = ±25 !)ॄόӝ*
ግಞ 2.2 ግಞ 2.3
3-120
ጄ ٯ3Ǻ
၂ΠӈӚفޔΟޑفި
)2*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)3*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)4*
ှǺ
)2* x 2 = 17 2 − 82
x 2 = 289 − 64
x 2 = 225
∴ x = ±15 !)ॄόӝ*
!!!!)3* y 2 = 2 2 − 12
y2 = 3
∴ y = ± 3 !)ॄόӝ*
3-121
ԜࣁΟ݈فύǴ 30 0 − 60 0 − 90 0 ਸفޔΟف
ޑΟᜐК 2Ǻ 3Ǻ3ǴाΠԜਸ فޔΔABC
ϐᜐفᜢ߯
!!!!!)4* z 2 = ( 10 ) 2 − 3 2
z 2 = 10 − 9
z2 = 1
∴ z = ±1 !)ॄόӝ*
BotǺȐ2ȑ26!!Ȑ3ȑ 3 Ȑ4ȑ2
ግಞ 3.2 a = /
ግಞ 3.3 b = /
3-122
ጄ ٯ4Ǻ
)2*ςޕفޔΟفǴٿᜐߏࣁ 6Ǵ5ǴಃΟᜐ>ߏޑ
ှǺ
ޔȐ6-5-4ȑளಃΟᜐࣁ 4ǴՠձבΑ 6
όࢂۓ௹ᜐȐฅ 5 όёૈࢂ௹ᜐȑё
ૈ ࢂިٿ6-5
܌аಃΟᜐࣁ௹ᜐ> 5 2 + 4 2
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!> 41
ࡺเਢࣁ!4!ps! 41
)3*ςޕဈΟٿفᜐࣁ 6-3ǴಃΟᜐࣁӭϿǻ
BotǺ6
3-123
ጄ ٯ5Ǻ
)2*ߏБᜐߏࣁ 7-9/!ჹفጕߏࡋ =
ှǺ
)2*ჹفጕջ௹ᜐ = 6 2 + 8 2
= 10
)3*ќᜐջި = 10 2 − 7 2
= 51
BotǺ)2*!21!!!)3*! 51
3-124
ጄ ٯ6Ǻ
فޔΔABC ύ- ∠A = 90 0 , AB = 8, AC = 6
);2* ௹ᜐ>
!!!)3* ΔABC य़ᑈ> ѳБൂՏ
!!!)4* ௹ᜐޑଯ AH = ȐIǺࠟىȑ
ှǺ
!!!)2* ٩ϭިۓ BC = 6 2 + 8 2
= 100
= 10
1
!!!)3* ΔABC = ⋅ AB ⋅ AC
2
1
= ⋅ 8⋅ 6
2
= 24
1 1
!!!)4* ⋅ AB ⋅ AC = ΔABC = ⋅ BC ⋅ AH
2 2
ள AB ⋅ AC = BC ⋅ AH
ިٿᑈ
௹ᜐޑଯ> =
AB ⋅ AC 8 ⋅ 6 24 ௹ᜐ
∴ AH = = =
BC 10 5
24
AnsǺ(1) 10 (2) 24 (3)
5
3-125
ግಞ 6Ǻ
ጄ ٯ7Ǻ
ှǺ
Ӄฝр x y
9 1
1 7
з B)9-1*ǴC)1-7*Ǵ
AB = 6 2 + 8 2 = 10 Ǵ
ၸ 1 բ OK ⊥ AB ܭK Ǵ OK ࣁനอຯᚆǴΨࢂ௹ᜐޑଯ
OA ⋅ OB 8 ⋅ 6 24
∴ OK = = =
AB 10 5
24
BotǺ
5
3-126
ግಞ 7
ጄ ٯ8Ǻ ֤فޔٿسᗺຯᚆϦԄ
A(2,5), B (−1,1)
AB =
ှǺ
AC = 5 − 1 = 4
BC = 2 + 1 = 3
∴ ௹ᜐ = 3 2 + 4 2 = 5
AnsǺ5
ᙯϯԋ
AB ⎯⎯ ⎯⎯→ ௹ᜐ
3-127
ግಞ 8.2 C (3,8), D(−2,20) Ǵ CD =
ϦԄϯ ⇒ A( x1 , y1 ), B( x2 , y 2 )
⇒ AB = ( x1 − x 2 ) 2 + ( y1Qbsu!JJ
− y2 ) 2 Ꮲಞᔠෳઠ
3-128
QBSU!JJ;Ꮲಞᔠෳઠ
3/ߏБᡏߏǵቨǵଯϩձࣁ 2-3-4-!ჹ
فጕ AB =
3-129
4/Ԯंߏ 36 ϦЁǴӢࣁϼߏΑǴம॥வ C
ᗺשᘐǴς ޕOA = 5 Ǵ AB =
3-130
8/ӵკύǴ ∠A = ∠OBC = ∠OCD = 90 0
OA = BC = 2, AB = 1, CD = 3 Ǵ OD =
9/ فޔΔABC ύǴ ∠C = 90 0 ऩ AC = 19 + 3, BC = 19 − 3,
AB =
3-131
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
2/ஒ҅ ΔABC ǴBǵC ٿᗺख़ӝǴౢғש౩
AH Ǵς∠ ޕAHB = 90 0 Ǵ
3/ჹفጕϕ࣬ࠟޑޔѤᜐ BCDEǴ
ऩ AD = 5, BC = 7 Ǵ
2 2
AB + CD =
2 2 2 2
LFZ;ჹᜐѳБ࣬کջ AB + CD = BC + AD
3-132
4/а فޔΔABC Οᜐࣁޔ৩ǴӛѦբΟঁъ༝ Y-Z-[
߾Πӈ௶ॊՖ҅ޣዴ;
)B*ъ৩ᜢ߯ǺZ,[>Y
)C*۱ߏᜢ߯ǺZ,[>Y
)D*य़ᑈᜢ߯ǺZ,[>Y
)E*ߏڬᜢ߯ǺZ,[>Y
5/ѝаޔЁǴӧѓᜐБύฝр҅Б
Ǵय़ᑈࢂ҅Б BCDE ޑϖ७
3-133
6/ӧѓୁБરύǴբ҅Бय़ᑈ>24
3-134
8/ऩ AB = 12, BC = 13, CD = 3, DA = 4 ǴЪ
∠D = 90 0 ǴѤᜐ BCDE य़ᑈ>
9/ ΔABC ύǴ AB = 4, AC = 5 Ǵ
3-135
:/ ΔABC ޑय़ᑈ>
21/
3-136
22/ L1 // L2 // L3 Ǵ L1 , L2 ຯᚆ 8Ǵ L1 , L3 ຯᚆ
24ǴЪ L1 ၸ B ᗺǴ L2 ၸ E ᗺǴ L3 ၸ D
ᗺǴ҅Б BCDE य़ᑈ>!
23/Ѥᜐ BCDE ύǴ ∠B = 30 0 , ∠C = 60 0 , BC = 8, CD = 1
13
ЪѤᜐ BCDE य़ᑈ> 3
2
AB =
3-137
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ଯۓǵМۓǵԭФۓǵϭިۓǵϭި۰ۓǵΟѳБۓ
ύ୯ђᆉਜȨڬㆃᆉȩ)ऊՋϡ
2211 ԃ*ύԖၩǴڬϦᇥȨϭቶΟǴި
অѤǴ৩ଽϖȩࢂՏћଯޑΓນ
дޑǴ܌ааޑ௲ࣽਜᆀࣁځȨଯ
ۓȩǴՠᏵѠৣεኧᏢўεৣࢫғ
௲ق܌ǴᐕўԵόډଯ೭ঁΓǶ
ၸऊ 711 ԃࡕǴᇻӧՋБ׆ᛪޑ
ၲঢථ)Qzuibhpsbt*ΨวԜۓ
)ԖΓᇥࢂдޑᏢғวǴаԴৣϐӜڮӜ*ޑǴЪܴӴࢂ҅ዴڬ)ޑ
ㆃᆉѝว)6-5-4*ԜٯǴՠ٠҂ܴǴаՋБΓჹኧᏢܴޑा
٠όϷ*ǴࡺՋБΓᆀࣁځȨМۓȩǴࣗԿᗋߕΑঁᇥࡺ
٣ˇၲঢථࣁΑቼઔว೭ঁۓǴৌΑԭᓐФ౼ޘᕯࡘ
)Nvtft*ζઓǴаၿᖴઓܴ௴ޑҢǴ೭൩ࢂӜޑȨԭФϐ౼ȩǶ܌а
ԖΓᆀȨМۓȩࣁȨԭФۓȩǶՠϞВրΓԖᅪൽǴջࢂ
МᏢࢴࢂӞનޑǴ࡛ሶৌФګǻ
ύ୯ђਜύǴԖޑቪϭλިܭǴΞԖޑቪϭεިܭǴӧԜॺךό
གྷѐ៏ݾǶԶ)ިٿόϩελ*ӧύ୯ᆀࣁځȨفޔᜐȩΨࡐӳǴᎃ୯
Вҁ߾ڗϦԄѦࠠᆀМۓࣁȨΟѳБۓȩǴΨԖ߄ޑۓቻ܄Ƕ
ᕴϐǴคፕӜᆀࣁՖǴϭިۓܭኧᏢሦୱύϝឦख़ໆભޑΓނǴ
ाӳӳ๓ࡑӴǶ
3-138
МۓޑѨ
ӕᏢॺςᏢၸМۓǴӴࢂӃޕၰࢌΟف
فޔࣁΟفਔǴБё٬ҔȨިٿѳБکܭ
௹ᜐޑѳБǶȩՠࢂ֝໔ෳᡍୖ܈ڔԵਜਔǴ
2 2 2
தၶډȨऩ AC + BC = AB ߾ ∠C = 90 0 Ǵջ ΔABC
ࣁفޔΟفǶȩԜᜪࠠޑᚒҞǴځჴόࢂૈΚࡰϣޑ௲ǴӴࢂ
МۓޑۓǴёҔٰղᘐࢌΟࢂفցࣁفޔΟفǶ )ฅ
ाӃղޕΟᜐૈցᄬԋΟفǴջࢂٿλᜐϐکाεܭಃΟᜐ*Ƕ
ٯᚒǺ֤فޔѳय़ǴB).2-3*ǴC)2-.3*Ǵ
D).3- .2*Ǵ
)2* ΔABC ࢂفޔΟف༏ǻ
!!)3* ΔABC य़ᑈࣁՖǻ
ှǺ AC = 12 + 3 2 = 10
BC = 12 + 3 2 = 10
AB = 2 2 + 4 2 = 20
Q ( 10 ) 2 + ( 10 ) 2 = ( 20 ) 2
=!6
3-139
ٯᚒǺղᘐΠӈΟفޔࣁفǵ᎒ف໌܈فΟفǻ
)B* 5ǵ6ǵ21
)C* 6ǵ7ǵ8
)D* :ǵ51ǵ52
)E* :ǵ22ǵ28
ှǺ
!!)B*!Q 4 + 5 < 10 Ǵ∴ όૈᄬԋΟف
!!!!!!!!)C*!Q 5 2 + 6 2 > 7 2 -∴ όࢂفޔΟࣁ)ف᎒فΟ*ف
ջٿλᜐѳБکεܭനεᜐޑѳБ
!!!)D*!Q 9 2 + 40 2 = 412 -∴ ࣁفޔΟف
!!!)E*!Q 9 2 + 112 < 17 2 -∴ όࢂفޔΟف໌ࣁ)فΟ*ف
ջٿλᜐѳБکλܭനεᜐޑѳБ
3-140
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2;Ьᚒื
ግಞ 2Ǻ
BotǺ)2*!3:!!)3*!31!)ջ 4.5.6 ޑѤ७*
ግಞ 3Ǻ
ግಞ 4Ǻ
BotǺ)2*!36- 527 !!)3* 6Ǵ5
ግಞ 5Ǻ
BotǺ)2*! 61 !!)3* 5 2
ግಞ 6Ǻ
168
BotǺ)2*!95!!)3*
25
ግಞ 7Ǻ
120
BotǺ
13
ግಞ 8
BotǺ)2*!24!)3*! 130
QBSU JJ Ꮲಞᔠෳઠ
1.
BotǺ5
3-141
2.
ှ;
2
Ӄ AC = 12 + 3 2 = 10
2
ӆ AB = 10 + 2 2 = 14
∴ AB = 14
BotǺ AB = 14
⇒ ߏБᡏޑჹفጕϦԄ = l 2 + w 2 + h 2
) l , w, h ࣁߏǵቨǵଯ*
3.
ှǺ
з AB = x
߾ OB = 25 − x
x 2 = (25 − x) 2 + 5 2
x 2 = 625 − 50 x + x 2 + 25
50 x = 650
x = 13
∴ AB = 13
BotǺ AB = 13
4.
ှ;
ฝᙁკȐӵѓკȑ
ԋ فޔΔOAB
2 2
AB = OA + OB
= 82 + 82
3-142
=8 2
BotǺ 8 2 ϦЁ
6/
ှ;
)Б ݤ2/*
(5,4,3) → (40,32,24)
ёޕჹفጕࣁ 51 ә
)Б ݤ3/*
ჹفጕ = 24 2 + 32 2
= 576 + 1024
= 1600
= 40
Bot;51 ә
7/
ှ;
зΟᜐߏࣁ 3x ǵ 4 x ǵ 5 x Ϧϩ
1
⋅ 3 x ⋅ 4 x = 54
2
x2 = 9
x = ±3 Ȑॄόӝȑ
>ߏڬ3x + 4 x + 5 x = 12 x
= 12 ⋅ 3
3-143
= 36
BotǺ47 ϦЁ
7.
ှǺ
2
OB = 12 + 2 2
=5
2 2
OC = OB + 2 2
=9
2 2
OD = OC + 32
= 9+9
= 18
OD = 18 = 3 2
BotǺ 3 2
8.
ှǺ
2
௹ᜐ AB = ( 19 + 3) 2 + ( 19 − 3) 2
= 28 + 6 19 + 28 − 6 19
= 56
∴ AB = 56 = 2 14
BotǺ 2 14
9.
ှ;
ܴᡉ CD > AB
ճҔ فޔΔBCD ύ
3-144
BD = 4, BC = 12
∴CD = 4 2 + 12 2
= 16 + 144
= 160
= 4 10
BotǺ 4 10
10.
ှǺ
AB = [3 − (−4)]2 + (a − 8) 2 = 25
7 2 + (a − 8) 2 = 25 2
(a − 8) 2 = 576 = (±24) 2
a − 8 = ±24
∴ a = 8 ± 24
a = 32,−16
BotǺ a = 32,−16
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
1.
ှǺ
)2* فޔΔABH ύǴ AH = 6 2 − 3 2
= 27
=3 3
3-145
1
!!!!)3*! ΔABC = ⋅ 6 ⋅ 3 3
2
=9 3
a
)4*ऩ AB = a Ǵ߾ BH =
2
a
ଯ AH = a 2 − ( ) 2
2
1
= a2 − a2
4
3 2
= a
4
3
= a
2
1 3 3 2
∴ ΔABC = ⋅ a⋅ a= a
2 2 4
3
ջ҅Οفय़ᑈϦԄࣁ (ᜐߏ) 2
4
3 2
BotǺ)2* 3 3 !)3* 9 3 !)4* a
4
2.
3-146
ှ;
з OA = a, OB = b, OC = c, OD = d Ǵ
2 2
߾ AB + CD = (a 2 + b 2 ) + (c 2 + d 2 )
= (a 2 + d 2 ) + (b 2 + c 2 )
2 2
= AD + BC
= 52 + 7 2
= 74
BotǺ85
3.
ှǺ
аفޔΟفΟᜐߏ۳ѦբΟঁ࣬՟კǴ
߾ѸԖεय़ᑈ>ύय़ᑈ,λय़ᑈ
ࡺǺ)D*҅ዴ
BotǺ)D*
4.
ှ;
҅Б BCDE>3!!!!!
܌аε҅Бय़ᑈ>! 5 ⋅ 2 = 10
∴ ᜐߏࣁ 10
Եቾ 12 + 3 2 = 10
فޔפΟ ࣁިٿف2Ǵ4
߾௹ᜐ = 10
⇒ Ѥᜐ QRST ջࣁ܌
3-147
5.
ှǺ
ᜐߏࣁ 13
Եቾ 2 2 + 3 2 = 13
فޔפΟ ࣁިٿف3Ǵ4
⇒ Ѥᜐ BCDE ࣁ܌
6.
ှǺ
٩ϭިۓ
x 2 = y 2 + 97 2
x 2 − y 2 = 97 2
( x + y )( x − y ) = 97 2 !!!):8 ࢂ፦ኧ*
ѝૈϩှԋ 9409 ⋅ 1
∴ x + y = 9409, x − y = 1
ΔABC = ߏڬx + y + 97
= 9409 + 97 = 9506
BotǺ:617
3-148
7.
ှ;
ೱ AC
߾ AC = 3 2 + 4 2 = 5
ΔABC ࣁ)24Ǵ23Ǵ6*
ё∠ ޕBAC = 90 0
∴ Ѥᜐ BCDE
= ΔABC + ΔACD
1 1
= ⋅ 5 ⋅ 12 + ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4
2 2
= 36
BotǺ47
8.
ှ;
з BD = x, CD = 2 x
2
Q 4 2 − x 2 = AD = 5 2 − (2 x) 2
16 − x 2 = 25 − 4 x 2
3x 2 = 9
x2 = 3
x = ± 3 Ȑॄόӝȑ
ࡺۭ BC = 3x = 3 3
ଯ AD = 4 2 − x 2 = 13
1
ΔABC = ⋅ BC ⋅ AD
2
1
= ⋅ 3 3⋅ 13
2
3-149
3
= 39
2
3
BotǺ 39
2
:/
ှǺ
(6 x) 2 + (7 x) 2 = 85 2
36 x 2 + 49 x 2 = 85 2
85 x 2 = 85 2
∴ x 2 = 85
1
ΔABC = ⋅ 7x ⋅ 6x
2
= 21x 2
= 21⋅ 85
= 1785
BotǺ2896
10.
ှǺ
∴ a 2 + b 2 = 3 ǾǾǾǾ)2*
c 2 + d 2 = 2 ǾǾǾǾ)3*
!!!!!)2*,)3*Ǻ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 = 5
ջ!B,C,D,E>6
BotǺ!6
3-150
11.
ှǺ
ၸ E բ L2 ࠟጕ
߾ ΔADE ≅ ΔDCF
ࡺ AE = DF
= 13 − 7 = 6
2 2 2
∴ AD = AE + DE
= 62 + 72
= 85
BotǺ96
12.
3x = 3 3
x= 3
∴ AB = 4 3 − 3
=3 3
BotǺ 3 3
3-151
5.3!ࢲҔϭިۓ
QBSU J;Ьᚒื
ጄ ٯ2Ǻ
ϭިۓޑܴ)J*!!
فޔΔABC ύǴ ∠C = 90 0 , AB = 5, BC = 3, AC = 4 Ǵ
߾ύ҅Б BDEF>!
λ҅Б DCGH>!
ε҅Б BCIJ>!
2 2 2
⇒ AC + BC = AB
⇒ ިٿѳБ>ک௹ᜐѳБ
ԜࣁϭިۓനԐޑܴȐМᏢࢴȑ
ǴԜკӧӑࡋᆀࣁȨཥাශȩǶ
BotǺ16 , 9 , 25
ግಞ 2.2
فޔΔABC ύǴ ∠C = 90 0 ǴаΟᜐࣁ҅Б
ޑᜐߏӛѦբΟঁ҅БȐӵკȑǴςޕ
2 ΔABC >ߏڬ
3-152
3 ΔABC य़ᑈ>
ግಞ 2.3
Ο҅БǴय़ᑈࣁ P, Q, R ǴፎբΠӈѤᚒࢂߚ
ᚒǺ
)2*!)!!* p 2 + q 2 = r 2
)3*!)!!*! p + q =
)4*!)!!*! P 2 + Q 2 = R 2
)5*!)!!*! P + Q = R
ጄ ٯ3Ǻ
ϭިۓޑຓܴ)JJ*
܌ൎԋ҅ޑБǴፎୢǺ
2ύѧٗ༧Ѥᜐय़ᑈ!>!!5:
3-153
3ε҅Б>λ҅Б,5 ༧فޔΟف
1
13 2 = (12 − 5) 2 + 4 ⋅ ( ⋅ 5 ⋅ 12)
2
Ԝკࣁύ୯നԐޑϭިۓܴǴࢂܿᅇ҃ԃᇳޑБݤǴΞᆀ
ࣁȨ۰კȩǶ
ግಞ 3Ǻ
գԾςΨёаவѓკٰܴϭިۓ"
ஒᚒϐკѦуѤ༧فޔΟفǴ
ځय़ᑈࣁ !>
ѦൎѤ༧فޔΟޑفय़ᑈ!>ک5 ⋅ !>!
җε҅Б҅=Б ABCD+ѦൎѤ༧فޔΟف
(a + b) 2 = c 2 + 2ab
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = c 2 + 2ab
ள a2 + b2 = c2
3-154
ጄ ٯ4Ǻ
ϭިۓޑܴ)JJJ*
ѓკ ABCD ࣁఊǴ
1
ఊय़ᑈ>Ȑۭ + Πۭȑ ⋅ ଯ ⋅
2
1
= ( a + b) ⋅ ( a + b) ⋅
2
1 2
= (a + 2ab + b 2 )
2
1 2 1
= a + ab + b 2 ǾǾǾǾǾķ
2 2
җķ>ĸ
1 2 1 1 1 1
a + ab + b 2 = ab + ab + c 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
a + b = c
2 2 2
∴ a2 + b2 = c2
܌གྷޑډБݤǶ
3-155
ግಞ 4Ǻ
)3*E ᗺ֤Ƕ
ගҢǺ
ጄ ٯ5Ǻ
ѳՉѤᜐޑჹفጕߏǺ
ѳՉѤᜐ BCDE ύǴ
AD = 8, AB = 6, ∠ABC = 600
၂
)2*ჹفጕ BD =
)3*ჹفጕ AC =
3-156
ှǺ
30 0 − 60 0 − 90 0 ϐΟفǴࡺ
2 2
BD = BE + DE
= 112 + (3 3 ) 2
= 121 + 27
= 148
= 2 37
)3*ၸ B բ AF ⊥ BC ܭG-!߾
BF = 3, FC = 5 Ǵ فޔΔACF ύ
2 2
AC = AF + CF
= (3 3 ) 2 + 5 2
= 52
= 2 13
BotǺ)2*! 2 37 !!!)3*! 2 13
3-157
ግಞ 5.2
ऩ҅Бჹفጕߏࣁ 22Ǵ
1҅Бᜐߏ
2҅Бय़ᑈ
ግಞ 5.3
ჹفጕϕ࣬ࠟޔЪѳϩǴςޕᜐߏࣁ 21Ǵჹفጕߏࣁ
27Ǵќჹفጕߏࣁ Ǵय़ᑈ
ጄ ٯ6ǺМᐋ
ѓკࢂҗΟঁفޔΟفǴ
ऩ A + B + C + D=100, E+F+G=
3-158
ှǺ
E=A + B
F=C + D
܌а E + F = A + B + C + D = 100
ΞG=E+F
= 100
܌а E + F + G = 200
AnsǺ200
ጄ ٯ7Ǻ
)2*ఊഗຯᕅف ϦЁ
ှǺ
3-159
)3*ఊηߏ 3/6 ϦЁόᡂ
OA = 2.5 2 − (2 − 0.5) 2
= 4
=2
=܌2-1.5=0.5 (ϦЁ)
AnsǺ(1) 2 ϦЁ (2)0.5 ϦЁ
ግಞ 7
ఊηߏ 6 2 ϦЁǴ௹ᕅǴ࡞ᆶӦय़և 45 0 Ǵ
)ᕅଯ OA *ۓڰ
6 2
ගҢǺ চ OA = = 6 = OA'
2
6
OB ′ = =2 3
3
A′B ′ = 2OB ′ = 4 3
3-160
ጄ ٯ8Ǻ
AD =
ှǺ
2 2 2 2
ೱ AC Ǵ߾ AD + CD = AB + BC
2
ջ AD + 3 2 = 5 2 + 6 2
AD = 25 + 36 − 9
= 52
= 2 13
BotǺ 2 13
ግಞ 8
( x − y )( x + y ) =
ගҢǺೱ AC
2
x 2 + 7 2 = AC = y 2 + 4 2
x 2 − y 2 = 42 − 72
= −33
ջ ( x − y )( x + y ) = x 2 − y 2 = −33
3-161
QBSU!JJǺ Ꮲಞᔠෳઠ
2/ L1 // L2 // L3 // L4 ǴЪ໔ຯ֡ࣁ 2Ǵ
ϞԖ҅Б BCDEǴѤഗᗺϩձӧ
3/ ϖᜐ BCDEF ύǴ AB = 5, CD = 3, AE = DE = 11
ǴЪ ∠A = ∠D = ∠E = 90 0 Ǵ BC =
3-162
5/а فޔΔABC ޑAB ࣁᜐߏǴ۳Ѧբ҅Б
ABDEǴς ޕAC = 5, BC = 12 Ǵ
၂)2* CE = )3* CD =
6/)2*ᜐߏࣁ 3 ҅ޑΖᜐय़ᑈ>!
)3*ᜐߏࣁ 3 ҅ޑϤᜐय़ᑈ>!
)4*Кၨ)2*ǵ)3*ελǶ
DEFGǴ DE =
3-163
8/ఊ BCDE ύǴ AD // BC Ъ BC ⊥ CD, ∠B = 45 0 Ǵ
AD + CD ϐߏࣁ dn
9/ऩ OP = 3 ǴЪ ∠O = 60 0 ǴϞԖ Q ᗺӧ OL ౽
ǴፎӣเΠӈୢᚒ
3-164
:/ ΔABC ࣁ௹ᜐߏ16 2 ޑဈفޔΟف
ΔCEF य़ᑈ
ં BCDE य़ᑈ>!
3-165
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
ஒ E ᗺа AF ࣁשጕǴשԿ F ᗺȐF ӧ BC
ȑǴ ΔCEF =
၂;
4/ϖᜐ BCDEF ύǴ
∠A = ∠C = ∠D = 90 0 , ∠B = ∠E = 135 0
Ъ AB = 3, CD = 6, DE = 2Ǵϖᜐ BCDE
ޑय़ᑈ>
3-166
5/ં BCDEǴ༝Ј P ӧ BC ǴЪ
AB = 4, BQ = 3, AP = 5 Ǵ༝ޔޑ৩>
BC >!
7/ߏБᡏߏޑǴቨǴଯࣁ 6Ǵ5Ǵ4Ǵ
3-167
8/֤فޔѳय़ǴԖঁ༝ЈӧচᗺǴЪъ৩ࣁ
6 ޑ༝Ǵ༝ڬޑᗺаȐa,bȑ߄ҢǴᅈ ىa,b ֡ࣁ
ኧޑᗺӅԖ ঁ
AC =
3-168
21/ӵკǴޔጕ M Ԗ B ᗺ֤
Ъ AB = 4, CD = 2 Ǵ BC = Ǵ AD =
3-169
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
Ъ BH = 3, CH = 2 Ǵ ΔABC य़ᑈ>
ှǺ
∠ ڗPAB = ∠HAB ǴЪ AP = AH
∠RAC = ∠HAC ǴЪ AR = AH
߾ ∠PAR = 90°
з AH = x Ǵ߾ AP = AR = x
فޔΔBCQ ύǴ BC = 5
BQ = x − 3, CQ = x − 2
٩ϭިۓޕ
( x − 3) 2 + ( x − 2) 2 = 5 2
x 2 − 6 x + 9 + x 2 − 4 x + 4 = 25
2 x 2 − 10 x − 12 = 0
x 2 − 5x − 6 = 0
( x + 1)( x − 6) = 0
∴ x = 6, x = −1 )όӝ*
1
∴ ΔABC = ⋅ BC ⋅ AH
2
1
= ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6 = 15
2
BotǺ26
3-170
3/۰კ֮Ҕ
ှǺ
ၸ A բ AE ⊥ QB ߏۯጕ ܭE
ံฝԋȸ۰კȹ
Q ΔABQ = 48
1
⋅ QB ⋅ AE = 48
2
1
⋅ 8 ⋅ AE = 48
2
∴ AE = 12
ΞQ ΔCBQ = 20
1
⋅ QB ⋅ CF = 20
2
1
⋅ 8 ⋅ CF = 20
2
∴ CF = 5 = BE
ࡺ فޔΔABE ύǴ AB = 5 2 + 12 2
= 13
BotǺ27:
3-171
4/Ѥᜐ ABCD ύǴ ∠B = ∠D = 90 0 Ǵ
AB = 4, BC = 8, Ъ AD = CD Ǵ
ჹفጕ BD =
ှǺᚒӭှǺ
ȘБݤș
BK = 12 2 + 12 2 = 12 2
1
BD = BK
2
1
= ⋅ 12 2
2
=6 2
ȘБݤΒșǺ
з CE = x = AF
BF = BE
4+ x =8− x
2x = 4
x=2
∴ BE = 8 − 2 = 6
2 2
∴ BD = BE + DE = 62 + 62
=6 2
BotǺ 6 2
3-172
5/Οᜐ֡ࣁኧ فޔޑΔABC य़ᑈ> x ѳБൂՏǴ >ߏڬx ൂՏǴ
ԜᅿفޔΟفϐᜐߏࣁՖǻ
ှǺ
a-4 8 4
b-4 1 2
⎧a = 12 ⎧a = 8
∴⎨ ܈ ⎨
⎩b = 5 ⎩b = 6
Οᜐߏࣁ)6-23-24*-)7-9-21*
AnsǺ(5,12,13) , (6,8,10)
3-173
6/ςفޔޕΟفΟᜐߏ֡ࣁኧǴЪ ޑߏڬ4 ७ᆶޑިٿᑈ࣬Ǵ
פр܌Ԗ೭ᜪفޔޑΟفǶ
ှǺ
!!!!\Lfz^ǺިٿѸԖঁࣁ 4 ޑ७ኧ
ࣁިٿ3a, b Ǵ௹ᜐࣁ c
߾ 3(3a + b + c) = 3ab
c = ab − 3a − b
Ξ٩ϭިۓ
ϦԄǺ (a + b + c) 2
(3a) 2 + b 2 = c 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
9a 2 + b 2 = (ab − 3a − b) 2
9a 2 + b 2 = a 2 b 2 + 9a 2 + b 2 − 6a 2 b + 6ab − 2ab 2
ab − 6a − 2b + 6 = 0 !)ӕନа ab *
a (b − 6) − 2(b − 6) = 6
(a − 2)(b − 6) = 6
a-2 6 3 2 1
b-6 1 2 3 6
a 8 5 4 3
b 7 8 9 12
3a 24 15 12 9
Οᜐ
b 7 8 9 12
c 25 17 15 15
BotǺ):-23-26*Ǵ)9-26-28*Ǵ)8-35-36*
3-174
ှเጇ
QBSU J;Ьᚒื
ግಞ 2ɡ˞
Ans: 125 230 330
ግಞ 2.3
BotǺ!)2*!Ʉ!)3*!Y!)4*!Y!)5*!Ʉ
ግಞ 3
1
BotǺ a + b ǹ (a + b) 2 ǹ a 2 + 2ab + b 2 ǹ c 2 ǹ ab ǹ 2ab
2
ግಞ 4
ግಞ 5.2
11 2 121
BotǺ1 2
2 2
ግಞ 5.3
BotǺ23!Ǵ:7
ግಞ 7
Bot; 6 2 − 4 3
3-175
ግಞ 8
Bot;!.44
QBSU!JJǺ Ꮲಞᔠෳઠ
2/
ှ;
բ҅Б PQRSǴߡёှள
AB = 12 + 2 2
= 5
܌а҅Б BCDE = ( 5 ) 2 = 5
BotǺ6
2.
ှ;
ံԋ҅Б BLEF
ள ޕBC = 6 2 + 8 2
= 10
Bot;21
3-176
3.
ှǺ
OC = 625 = 25
OD = 576 = 24
2 2
∴ CD = OC − OD
= 49
=7
1
ࡺ ΔOCD = ⋅ 7 ⋅ 24
2
= 84
Bot;95
4.
ှ;
CE = 5 2 + 17 2
= 25 + 289
= 314
فޔΔCDQ ύ
CD = 12 2 + 17 2
= 433
ځჴ) CD ≠ CE *!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3-177
5.
ှ;
!!!)2*
=8 2 +8 Ȑ 2 ɭ1.4, 3 ɭ1.7ȑ
ɭ 8 ⋅ 1.4 + 8 = 19.2
3
= 6⋅ ⋅ 22
4
=6 3
ɭ 6 ⋅ 1.7 = 10.2
)4*!2:/3?21/3
ё҅ޕΖᜐၨε
3-178
6.
ှ;
ೱ CE Ǵз DE = x
Q ΔABC = ΔACE + ΔBCE
1 1 1
⋅ 6 ⋅ 8 = ⋅ 6 x + ⋅ 8x
2 2 2
48 = 14 x
24
x=
7
24
BotǺ
7
7.
ှ;
ߏۯCD, BA Ҭ ܭPǴ
όѸᆅय़ᑈϩԋ 8Ǻ9
∴ ջёว AD = OD
Զ AD + CD = OD + CD = BC = 7
BotǺ8!
3-179
8.
ှ;
)2*ܴᡉ OQ = OP = 3
3
!!!!)3* OQ = !ps! OQ = 6
2
3
!!!!)4*! < OQ < 6
2
3
!!!!)5*! 0 < OQ < !!) ∠OQP > 900 *
2
3 3 3
!BotǺ)2*!4!)3* -7!)4* < OQ < 6 !)5* 0 < OQ < ܈OQ > 6
2 2 2
9.
ှ;
ޕAC = BC = 16 Ǵ
з CE = x Ǵ߾ EF = AE = 16 − x Ǵ
Ξ CF = 8 Ǵ
2 2 2
∴ EF = CE + CF
(16 − x) 2 = x 2 + 8 2
256 − 32 x + x 2 = x 2 + 64
192 = 32 x
6=x
1
ࡺ ΔCEF = ⋅ 8 ⋅ 6 = 24 Ǵ
2
BotǺ35
3-180
10.
ှ;
Q ં BCDE = 2 ⋅ ΔAHD
1
= 2⋅ ⋅ 9⋅ 7
2
= 63
BotǺ74
3-181
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
2/
ှǺ
AE = 5 2 + 12 2 = 13 = AD
CE = 13 − 12 = 1
з DF = x Ǵ߾ EF = x, CF = 5 − x
2 2 2
فޔΔCEF ύǴ CE + CF = EF
12 + (5 − x) 2 = x 2
1 + 25 − 10 x + x 2 = x 2
2 .6 = x
∴ 5 − x = 5 − 2 .6 = 2 .4
1
ࡺ ΔCEF = ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2.4 = 1.2
2
AnsΚ1.2
3/
ှ;!
)2*з P(a,0)
2 2 2
߾ AP + BP = AB
a 2 + 6 2 + ( a − 7) 2 + 2 2 = 7 2 + 4 2
2a 2 − 14a + 24 = 0
a 2 − 7 a + 12 = 0
(a − 3)(a − 4) = 0
∴ a = 3,4
3-182
)3*з P(b,0), b > 0
( 2 + 6) ⋅ 7
ఊ AOCB = = 28
2
1
ΔAOP = ⋅ b ⋅ 6 = 3b
2
1
ΔPBC = ⋅ ( 7 − b) ⋅ 2 = 7 − b
2
Q ΔAPB = 9
28 − (3b + 7 − b) = 9
12 = 2b
b=6
BotǺ)2*
)2*!)4-1*)!܈5-1*!)3*
)2* )3*!)7-1*
)3*
4/
ှǺ
ஒচკȐȑᡂԋკȐΒȑ
ဈفޔΟفȑ
1 2
= (8 − 3 2 − 2 2 )
2
51
=
2
51
BotǺ
2
3-183
5/
ှǺ
зъ৩ OQ = x
߾ OP = x, PR = x − 2
ճҔϭިۓ
( x − 2) 2 + 4 2 = x 2
x 2 − 4 x + 4 + 16 = x 2
20 = 4 x
x=5
܌аޔ৩>21
BotǺޔ৩>21
6/
ှ;!
Ԗٿᅿёૈ
)2* BD = 25 2 − 15 2 = 20
CD = 17 2 − 15 2 = 8
∴ BC = 20 + 8 = 28
)3* BC = BD − CD
∴ BC = 20 − 8 = 12
ࡺ BC = 28,12
Ȑqt;চᚒҞคߕკǴࡺᔈϩٿᅿݩፕȑ
3-184
7/
ှ;
ҥᡏӃѳय़ϯǴӆ٩ϭިۓှᚒ
!!!!)j* AB = 92 + 32 = 90
!!)jj* AB = 52 + 7 2 = 74
!!!!!)jjj* AB = 42 + 82 = 80
ࡺ 74 < 80 < 90
܌аനอຯᚆ 74
3-185
8
ှǺ
ӅԖȐ1-6ȑ-Ȑ1-.6ȑ-Ȑ6-1ȑ-Ȑ.6-1ȑ-
Ȑ4-5ȑ-Ȑ5-4ȑ-Ȑ.4-5ȑ-Ȑ.5-4ȑ-Ȑ.4-.5ȑ-
Ȑ.5-.4ȑ-Ȑ4-.5ȑ-Ȑ5-.4ȑ 23 ঁᗺ
Ȑqt;೭ᜪޑᗺǴᆀࣁኧᗺȑ
ှǺ
فޔΟفǴ∴ AH = 2, BH = 2 3
Ξ ΔBCH ࣁ 45 0 − 45 0 − 90 0 ဈفޔΟف
∴ CH = BH = 2 3
1
ΔABC = ⋅ AC ⋅ BH
2
1
= (2 + 2 3 ) ⋅ 2 3 = (2 + 2 3 ) ⋅ 3
2
= 6+2 3
BotǺ 6 + 2 3
3-186
:
ှǺ
=2
AM = 8 3 !!!!!!!!!) 3 ⋅ BM *
CM = 4 − 2 = 2
∴ فޔΔACM ύ
AC = (8 3 ) 2 + 2 2
= 192 + 4
= 14
BotǺ 14
3-187
21
ှǺ
c ᗺ y ֤>1
∴ 5t = 0, t = 0
ள 4t + 2 = 2
ࡺ c(2,0)
AB = 5t
BC = 4t + 2 − 2 = 4t
1
⋅ BC ⋅ AB = 10
2
1
⋅ 4t ⋅ 5t = 10
2
∴t 2 = 1
t = ±1 Ȑॄόӝȑ
Bot; t = 1
3-188
22
ှǺ
!!!!\Бݤ^
բ BE ⊥ AD, CF ⊥ BE
∴ AE = 2, BE = 2 3
BF = 2 3 − 2
BC = 2 BF = 4 3 − 4
CF = 3 ⋅ BF = 3 (2 3 − 2)
= 6 − 2 3 = DE
ࡺ AD = AE + DE
= 2+6−2 3
=8−2 3
3-189
\БݤΒ^
DQ = 3 ⋅ CQ = 3 = BR
ࡺ AR = 4 − 3
∴ AD = 2 AR = 8 − 2 3
DR = 3 ⋅ AR = 3 (4 − 3 )
= 4 3 −3
= BQ
ࡺ BC = BQ − 1
=4 3−4
BotǺ 4 3 − 4 ǹ 8 − 2 3
3-190
6.2 ගϦӢԄ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
Ǻ
ǺӢԄᆶ७Ԅ
Ӣኧᆶ७ኧǺ
Ӣኧᆶ७ኧǺ
҅ኧ b ନа҅ኧ cǴऩᎩኧࣁ 1 ਔǴ߾ b ࢂ c ޑ७ኧǴc ࢂ b ޑ
ӢኧǶ
ӢԄᆶ७ԄǺ
ӢԄᆶ७Ԅ Ǻ
ӭԄ B ନаӭԄ CǴऩᎩԄࣁ 1 ਔǴ߾ B ࢂ C ޑ७ԄǴC ࢂ B ޑ
ӢԄǶ
ጄ ٯ2
)2* ղձ y,4 ࢂցࣁ y3,21y,7 ޑӢԄǻ
)3* ղձ y.3 ࢂցࣁ 3y3.8y,7 ޑӢԄǻ
ှǺ)2* x ɠ7
x+3 x3 ,21x!,!7
x2 + 3x
7x + 6
7x + 21
-15
ӢࣁᎩԄό ܭ1Ǵ܌а y,4 όࢂ y3,21y,7 ޑӢԄǹ࣬ϸޑǴ
y3,21y,7 όࢂ y,4 ޑ७ԄǶ
)3* 2x -3
xɡ2 2x3 . 8x!,!7
2x2ɡ4x
-3x+ 6
-3x+ 6
0
ӢࣁᎩԄ ܭ1Ǵ܌а y.3 ࢂ 3y3.8y,7 ޑӢԄǹ࣬ϸޑǴ3y3.8y,7
ࢂ y.3 ޑ७ԄǶ
٣ჴǴஒ 3y3.8y,7 ନа 3y.4 ޑᎩԄࣁ 1ǶӢԜ 3y.4 Ψࢂ
3-191
3y3.8y,7 ޑӢԄǹ3y3.8y,7 ࢂ 3y.4 ޑ७ԄǶ
BotǺ)2*ց!)3*ࢂ
ግಞ 2.2 ղձ y,2 ࢂցࣁ y3,5y,4 ޑӢԄǻ
ግಞ 2.3 ղձ 3y.2 ࢂցࣁ 3y3.6y,7 ޑӢԄǻ
ΒǺ
ΒǺӢԄϩှޑཀက
ஒӭԄ B ନаӭԄ CǴளډԄࣁӭԄ D ЪᎩԄࣁ 1ǹᆀӭ
Ԅ C ёаନӭԄ BǹճҔନԄ>ନԄ ⋅ Ԅ,ᎩԄ)ᎩԄ>1*Ǵቪ
ԋ B>C ⋅ DǹᆀࣁӭԄ B ޑӢԄϩှǶ
ٯӵǺ 2 x 2 − 7 x + 6 = (2 x − 3)( x − 2) ᆀࣁ 2 x 2 − 7 x + 6 ޑӢԄϩှǶ
ጄ ٯ3
ղձ 5y3,23y,: ࢂόࢂ 3y,4 ޑ७ԄǶ٠Ъஒ 5y3,23y,: ӢԄϩှǶ
ှǺ
2x ɠ3
2x+3 4x3 ,23x!,!:
4x2+6x
6x + 9
6x + 9
0
ግಞ 3
ղձ 3y3,6y,4 ࢂόࢂ 3y,4 ޑ७ԄǶ٠Ъஒ 3y3,6y,4 ӢԄϩှǶ
3-192
ΟǺ
ΟǺගϦӢԄ
ॺךᏢၸϩଛࡓǺ
b⋅)cɠd*ɨbcɠbd ܈ )cɠd*⋅bɨcb
bɠdbb
࣬ϸޑǴ
bcɠbdɨb⋅)cɠd* ܈cbbɠdbbɨ)cɠd*⋅b
ӧय़ޑԄηύǴॺךวǺbc ᆶ bd ԖӅӕ ޑbǴעӅӕ ޑb ග
рٰǴ൩ளډѓᜐޑԄηǶ
ॺךΨёаճҔȨკ
კȩٰᔠᡍǺ
კ
b c b c
a ab + a ac = a ab ac
ab + ac = a(b+c)
b ࢂ bc ޑӢԄǴb Ψࢂ bd ޑӢԄǴӢԜ b ൩ࢂ bc ᆶ bd ޑϦӢ
ԄǹٯӵǺ7y ᆶ y3 ޑϦӢԄࣁ yǴ
8)y,3*ᆶ)y,3*)3y,6*ޑϦӢԄࣁ)y,3*Ǵ
)3y.6*)y,4*ᆶ)4y,5*)3y.6*ޑϦӢԄࣁ)3y.6*Ƕ
܌аǴஒ bc,bd ቪԋ b)c,d*ǴॺךᆀࣁӢԄϩှǴ
ॺךᆀࣁӢԄϩှǴעӅӕޑϦ
ӢԄගрٰǴ೭ኬޑБݤᆀࣁȨගϦӢԄ
ගϦӢԄȩ
ගϦӢԄ Ƕ
ጄ ٯ4
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*3by,y3!!!!!)3*8z3.z!!!!)4*)y.6*)3y,8*,)y.6*)y,4*
ှǺ
)2*ӭԄ 3by,y3 ύԖ 3byǵy3 ٿǴϦӢԄࣁ y
3by,y3
>y⋅3b,y⋅y
>y)3b,y*
3-193
)3*ӭԄ 8z3.z ύԖ 8z3ǵ.z ٿǴϦӢԄࣁ zǶ
8z3.z
>z⋅8z.z⋅2
>z)8z.2*
)4*ӭԄ)y.6*)3y,8*,)y.6*)y,4*ύԖ)y.6*)3y,8*ǵ)y.6*)y,4*
ٿǴϦӢԄࣁ)y.6*Ƕ
)y.6*)3y,8*,)y.6*)y,4*
>)y.6*\)3y,8*,)y,4*^
>)y.6*)4y,21*
BotǺ)2*!y)3b,y*!)3*!z)8z.2*!)4*!)y.6*)4y,21*
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 4.2!6cy,8cz
ግಞ 4.3!)y,3*)y,4*,)y,3*)y.5*
Ѥ
ѤǺϩಔගϦӢԄ
ӭԄ bc,bd,yc,yd ӚؒԖӅӕޑϦӢԄǴՠࢂ bc ᆶ bd ԖϦ
ӢԄ bǴගрϦӢԄ b ࡕǴϩှԋ b)c,d*ǹyc ᆶ yd ԖϦӢԄ yǹග
рϦӢԄ y ࡕǴϩှԋ y)c,d*Ƕջёள
bc,bd,yc,yd
ɨb)c,d*,!y)c,d*
Ӣࣁ b)c,d*ᆶ y)c,d*ΨԖϦӢԄ)c,d*ǴӆගрϦӢԄ)c,d*ջёள
b)c,d*,!y)c,d*
ɨ)c,d*)b,y*
ӢԜӭԄ bc,bd,yc,yd ёа٬ҔΠय़ޑБݤӢԄϩှǺ
bc,bd,yc,yd
ɨb)c,d*,!y)c,d*
ɨ)c,d*)b,y*
3-194
עॺךॊޑБݤᆀࣁȨϩಔගϦӢԄ
ϩಔගϦӢԄȩ
ϩಔගϦӢԄȩǶ
ॺךΨёа٬ҔќѦᅿϩಔޑБԄٰҁᚒޑӢԄϩှǺ
bc,bd,yc,yd
ɨ)bc,yc*,)bd,yd*
ɨc)b,y*!,d)b,y*
ɨ)b,y*)c,d*
வय़ޑၸำёаวǺϩಔޑБԄ٠όǶѝाಃԛϩಔ
ࡕ܌ౢғޑӢԄёаӆගрϦӢԄǴࢂёаޑǶ
ጄ ٯ5
ӢԄϩှ 3yz,4,3z,4y
ှǺ3yz,4,3z,4y
ɨ)3yz,3z*,)!4!,4y*
ɨ3z)y,2*,4)2,y*
ɨ)y,2*)3z,4*
BotǺ)y,2*)3z,4*
ግಞ 5
ӢԄϩှ cz4,cz3.3cz.3c
ጄ ٯ6
ӢԄϩှ by,cy,dy,bz,cz,dz
ှǺby,cy,dy,bz,cz,dz
ɨ)by,cy,dy*,)bz,cz,dz*
ɨy)b,c,d*,z)b,c,d*
ɨ)b,c,d*)y,z*
BotǺ)b,c,d*)y,z*
ግಞ 6
ӢԄϩှ bc,bd,be.)yc,yd,ye*
3-195
ϖ
ϖǺ಄ဦ߾ݤ
2/4.9>.)9.4*Ǵ࣬ӕޑǴb.cɨ.)c.b*
3/.b,c>.)b.c*Ǵ.b,c,d>.)b.c.d*
4/)b.c*3ɨ)b.c*⋅)b.c*ɨ\.)c.b*^⋅\.)c.b*^>)c.b*⋅)c.b*ɨ)c.b*3
5/)b.c*4ɨ)b.c*)b.c*)b.c*ɨ\.)c.b*^⋅\.)c.b*^⋅\.)c.b*^
ɨ.)c.b*4
6/!)b.c*5ɨ)b.c*3⋅)b.c*3ɨ)c.b*3⋅)c.b*3ɨ)c.b*5
ጄ ٯ7
ӢԄϩှ y3.dy.3y,3d
ှǺy3.dy.3y,3d
ɨ)y3.dy*ɡ)3y.3d*
ɨy)y.d*ɡ3)y.d*
ɨ)y.d*)y.3*
BotǺ)y.d*)y.3*
ግಞ 7
ӢԄϩှ 4y.by.bc,4c
ጄ ٯ8
ӢԄϩှ)b.c*3.5c)c.b*
ှǺ)b.c*3ɡ5c)c.b*
ɨ)b.c*3ɡ5c⋅\.)b.c*^
ɨ)b.c*3ɠ5c)b.c*
ɨ)b.c*)b.c,5c*
ɨ)b.c*)b,4c*
BotǺ)b.c*)b,4c*
ግಞ 8
ӢԄϩှ n)b.c*)y.z*.)c.b*)z.y*
3-196
ጄ ٯ9;
ӢԄϩှ)b.4*yɡ)y3.4b*
ှǺ)b.4*y.)y3.4b*
ɨbyɡ4yɡy3ɠ4b
ɨ)byɠ4b*ɡ)4yɠy3*
ɨb)y,4*ɡy)4,y*
ɨ)y,4*)bɡy*
BotǺ)y,4*)bɡy*
ግಞ 9;
ӢԄϩှ 3b,)b3.5*y.3by3
3-197
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
ǵᒧᚒ
)!!*2/ऩ)y . 3*)y , 6* >y3,4y.21Ǵ߾ΠӈՖޣόࢂ!y3,4y.21
ޑӢԄǻ)B*!y . 3 )C*!y , 6 )D*!y . 21 )E*!3 . yǶ
) !*3/ΠӈՖޣόࢂ)y ,7*)y . 6* . )y . 6*ޑӢԄǻ
)B* y3 . 36 )C* y , 7 )D* y . 6 )E* y , 6Ƕ
) !*4/ΠӈՖޣόࢂ)y .3*ޑ७Ԅǻ
)B* y)y , 8* . 3)y , 8* )C*!)y . 4*)y , 5* , y)y . 4*
)D*!)y . 4*3 . )4 . y* )E*!)y . 9*)y , 5* , )y, 5*3Ƕ
)!!*5/ӢԄϩှ)y , 8*)3y . 6* . )3y . 6* > )3y . 6* ⋅ ɍǴ
߾ɍ
)B* y , 8 )C* y . 6 )D* y ,7 )E* y , 6Ƕ
)!!*6/ӢԄϩှ)y3.4y*,)y.4*Ǵளࣁ่݀ځΠӈٗᒧǻ
)B*!)y,2*)4.y* )C*!)y,2*)y.4*
)D*!)y.2*)y,4* )E*!)y.2*)y.4*Ƕ
)! *7/ς ޕ4y3.y.21ɨ)!4y,6!*!)!y.3!*ǴፎୢΠӈবঁ௶ॊࢂ҅
ዴǻ
)B*!4y3ɡyɡ21 ࣁ yɡ3 ޑ७Ԅ!!)C*!yɡ3 ࣁ 4y3ɡyɡ21 ޑ७Ԅ
)D*!4yɠ6 ࣁ 4y3ɡyɡ21 ޑ७Ԅ!)E*!4y3ɡyɡ21 ࣁ 4yɠ6 ޑӢԄ
Βǵ༤кᚒ
2/ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*!4y3,y>
)3*!y)y,4*,)y,4*)y,6*>
)4*!)y,3*)y,4*,)y,3*)y.5*>
)5*!)4y,5*)6y,3*.)4y,5*)5y.4*>
)6*!)y,7*)y.7*.)y.7*>
)7*!)3y,4*3.9)3y,4*>
)8*!3y3,cy.7y.4c>
3-198
)9*!by.cy,cz.bz>
):*!4yz.6y,:z.26>
)21*!4)y,5*)y.6*.)y.6*>
)22*)3y,4*3.5y.7>
)23*)y3.6y*,)!6.!y*>
3/ऩ BǵCǵD ΟঁӭԄǹς ޕBɨȐ3yɠ4ȑ
Ȑy.5ȑ
ǴCɨȐ3y,4ȑ
Ȑy.3ȑ
Ǵ
DɨȐyɠcȑǴऩ D ࢂ B ޑӢԄǴՠόࢂ C ޑӢԄǴ߾
cɨ
Οǵीᆉᚒ
2/ղձ y.2 ࢂόࢂ y3.8y,7 ޑӢԄǶ٠Ъஒ y3.8y,7 ӢԄϩှǶ
5/ीᆉ).298*Ø454,338Ø298.298Ø).27*ॶޑɨǻ
3-199
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
QBSU!4;ଯЋᝡמ
x
2/ӭԄ B>Ȑ ɠ2ȑ
Ȑyɡ4ȑ
ǴӭԄ C>Ȑ4ɠyȑ
Ȑ5ɠyȑ
ǴΠӈՖޣ
4
1 1 1
3/ς ޕy3ɡ3yɡ7ɨ Ȑyɠ3ȑȐyɡ7ȑ
Ǵ߾Πӈব٤ࢂ y3ɡ3yɡ7
2 2 2
1 1 1
ޑӢԄǻ )B* yɠ2 )C* y,5!! )D* yɠ3 )E* y3ɡ3yɡ7
2 2 2
1
)́* yɡ4!! )̂* y3ɡ5yɡ23Ƕ
2
Bot;!)B*ǵ)F*ǵ)G*
4/ӢԄϩှȐb.cȑ
Ȑb,c.dȑɠȐb,cȑȐ.b.c,dȑɨ
BotǺ.3c)b,c.d*
6/ፎӢԄϩှΠӈӚᚒǺ
)˞* 4byɠ9czɡ7cyɡ5bz
BotǺ)b.3c*)4y.5z*
)˟* 3byɡ9yɠ4czɠ3ycɠ4bzɡ23z
BotǺ)3y,4z*)b,c.5*
3-200
)!!*8/ 647!Ø1/63ɡ475!Ø1/59ɠ475!Ø1/63ɡ647!Ø1/59 ϐॶࣁ
Ֆǻ
)B*!1!!!)C*!31 )D*!47!!!)E*!51
BotǺ)D*
9/)2* ӢԄϩှ ab + a + b + 1
!!)3*!ӢԄϩှ ab − a − b + 1
!!)4*!ӢԄϩှ a 2 b 2 + a 2 + b 2 + 1
!!)5*!ӢԄϩှ a 2 b 2 − a 2 − b 2 + 1
ှǺ
!!!!)2* ab + a + b + 1
= (ab + a ) + (b + 1)
= a (b + 1) + (b + 1)
= (a + 1)(b + 1)
!!!!)3* ab − a − b + 1
= (ab − a ) − (b − 1)
= a (b − 1) − (b − 1)
= (a − 1)(b − 1)
LfzǺѝԖঁॄဦ܈Οঁॄဦਔคݤϩှ
!!!!)4* a 2 b 2 + a 2 + b 2 + 1
= (a 2 b 2 + a 2 ) + (b 2 + 1)
= a 2 (b 2 + 1) + (b 2 + 1)
= (b 2 + 1)(a 2 + 1)
!!!!)5* a 2 b 2 − a 2 − b 2 + 1
= (a 2 b 2 − a 2 ) − (b 2 − 1)
= a 2 (b 2 − 1) − (b 2 − 1)
ᗋёӆϩှ
= (b 2 − 1)(a 2 − 1)
= (b + 1)(b − 1)(a + 1)(a − 1)
3-201
:/ஒંϩԋ 7 ༧λંǴ༧λંޑ
य़ᑈӵკҢǴЪᜐߏ֡ࣁ߯ኧǶ
)2*চં>ߏڬ
!!!!)3*)܍2*Ǵऩ x = 6 Ǵ>ߏڬ
ှǺ
аගϦӢԄݤǴஒᜐߏӄр
= ߏڬ2 ⋅ (4 x + 2 + 2 x + 3)
= 12 x + 10
x = 6 жΕ 12 x + 10
= 12 ⋅ 6 + 10
= 82
BotǺ)2*12 x + 10 !)3*93
21/ஒѓᜐંय़ᑈϩှԋߏᆶቨ֡ࣁ߯ኧǴ߾
y3 yz
চંय़ᑈ>ߏ ⋅ ቨ> ⋅
!>ߏڬځ y3 yz
yz z3
ှǺ
( x + y ) ⋅ (2 x + y ) y z
= ߏڬ2 ⋅ ( x + y + 2 x + y )
y y3 yz
= 6x + 4 y
y y3 yz
z yz z3
!BotǺ)2* ( x + y ) ⋅ (2 x + y )
!!!!!!)3* 6 x + 4 y
3-202
22/ӢԄϩှ ( x − 1)( x + 3) 2 − ( x − 1) 2 ( x + 3)
ှǺ ( x − 1)( x + 3) 2 − ( x − 1) 2 ( x + 3)
= ( x − 1)( x + 3)[( x + 3) − ( x − 1)]
= ( x − 1)( x + 3)[ x + 3 − x + 1]
= 4( x − 1)( x + 3)
BotǺ 4( x − 1)( x + 3)
23/ӢԄϩှ x 4 − x 3 + 3 x 2 − 2 x + 2
ှǺ x 4 − x 3 + 3 x 2 − 2 x + 2
= x 4 − x3 + x 2 + 2x 2 − 2x + 2
= ( x 4 − x 3 + x 2 ) + (2 x 2 − 2 x + 2)
= x 2 ( x 2 − x + 1) + 2( x 2 − x + 1)
= ( x 2 − x + 1)( x 2 + 2)
BotǺ ( x 2 − x + 1)( x 2 + 2)
= x 3 (401 ⋅ 5 − 2007)
= 5 3 (2005 − 2007)
= 125 ⋅ (−2)
= −250
BotǺ.361
25/ऩ x, y ֡ࣁኧǴЪ x 2 + y 2 + 4 y + 4 = 0
2007 x − 5 y >
ှǺ x 2 + y 2 + 4 y + 4 = 0
x 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 0
∴x = 0 Ъy+2=0
3-203
∴ x = 0, y = −2
BotǺ21
3-204
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
1 1
2/ x + = 5, xy + = 28
y xy
1
y+ =
x
1 1 1
ှǺճҔ ( x + )( y + ) = xy + +2
y x xy
1
жΕ 5( y + ) = 28 + 2
x
1
∴y+ =6
x
BotǺ7
ݙཀǺલΒԛाံ 1
∴ a + 9 = −4
a = −13
BotǺ.24
3-205
4/܍ᚒǺӢԄϩှ 4 x 3 + ax + 6
ှǺ
4 x 3 + ax + 6
!!!> 4 x 3 − 13x + 6
= (2 x − 3)(2 x 2 + 3 x − 2) ᗋёӆϩှ
= (2 x − 3)( x + 2)(2 x − 1)
5/ኧᏢԴৣ্
ࢌኧᏢፐǴԴৣ๏ΑՏ 9
Ʉ 6 25 24 27 23
ӕᏢ 6 ⋅ 6 ޑኧӷ߄Ǵೕۓ 26 23 32 31
31
Ʉ 34 2:
ՏӕᏢவՉǴӈӚפঁኧ : 7
Ʉ 26 25 28 24
ӷǴՠՉӈόёख़ᙟঁٿڗ 34 31 3: 39 42
42
Ʉ 38
ኧӷа)ӵ߄ࣁ*ٯǶࡑӕᏢ 6 3 22
22
Ʉ 21 24 38
ࡕֹڗǴፎӕᏢஒԾ ޑڗ7 ኧ࣬ 31 28 37 36 39 35
35
Ʉ
уǴ٠ນԴৣᕴࢂکӭϿǻ )߄*
ӄ౦αӕᖂӣเǺȨ211ȩਔǴ
ԴৣΨӧӕਔ໔עเਢቪӧ݈ΑǹȨԴৣգ࡛ሶޕၰǻȩځჴ
চࡐᙁൂޑǼ
\ϩ^Ǻ
3-206
Դৣӧനӈቪр 4Ǵ1Ǵ:Ǵ9Ǵ22Ǵ
8 ςԖϿኧӕᏢวځೕࡓǶࡑԴৣӧനѰ 4 1 : 9 22 8
ӕᏢςวځύচǶӆୢࣁϙሶεৎуଆ 23 26 23 32 31 34 2:
ٰࢂȨ211ȩګǻಖܭԖӕᏢᇥǺ
ȨӢࣁ 7 : 7 26 25 28 24
Չǵӈ֡ڗኧǴࡺ 4Ǵ1Ǵ:Ǵ9Ǵ22Ǵ8 31 34 31 3: 39 42 38
ᆶ 6Ǵ23Ǵ7Ǵ31Ǵ3Ǵ28 ӕኬѝڗԛǴ 3 6 3 22 21 24 38
όख़ፄڗǴՠ೭ 23 ঁኧᕴۓڰکܭ 28 31 28 37 36 39 35
211Ǵ܌аคፕգ࡛ሶڗǴᕴکᗋࢂ 211Ƕȩ
ӧգΨёаԾՉी 6 ⋅ 6 ) ܈m ⋅ n *ϐȨᕴۓکኧ߄ȩ
Ǵε
চ߾ࢂஒനӈǴനѰՉӃ،ۓǴᕴکӭϿᒿգۓǴӆஒ߄ύӚ
ኧ༤ΕǴനࡕஒനӈǴനѰՉޑኧᔔߡֹԋΑǼ
QTǺգࢂցёԾՉीȨ४ᑈۓኧ߄ȩ
Ǵ၂၂࣮Ƕ
3-207
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2!ǺЬᚒื
ግಞ 2.2 ࢂ ግಞ 2.3 όࢂ
ግಞ 3 ࢂǴ3y3,6y,4ɨ)3y,4*)y,2*
ግಞ 4.2c)6y,8z*! ግಞ 4.3 )y,3*)3y.2*
ግಞ 5!c)z,2*)z3.3*
ግಞ 6)c,d,e*)b.y*
ግಞ 7)y,c*)4.b*
ግಞ 8)b.c*)y.z*)n.2*
ግಞ 9)b.3y*)3,by*
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
ǵᒧᚒ
2/)D*!3/)C*!4/)C*!5/)D*!6/)C*!7/)B*
Βǵ༤кᚒ
2/)2*!y)4y,2*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)3*!)y,4*)3y,6*
!!)4*!)y,3*)3y.2*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)5*!)4y,5*)y,6*
!!)6*!)y.7*)y,6*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7*!)3y,4*)3y.6*
!!)8*!)3y,c*)y.4*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)9*!)b.c*)y.z*
!!):*!)4z.6*)y,4*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)21*!)y.6*)4y,22*
!!)22*!)3y,4*)3y,2*!!!!!!!!!!!!!)23*!)y.6*)y.2*
3/ .5
Οǵीᆉᚒ
2/ ࢂǴy3.8y,7ɨ)y.2*)y.7*
3/!6
4/!89:89:
5/ .29811
3-208
6.3 ४ݤϦԄှӢԄϩှ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
Ǻ
ǺճҔѳБৡӢԄϩှ
ѳБৡޑ४ݤϦԄ)b,c*)b.c*ɨb3.c3Ǵஒ೭ঁԄѰѓׇჹፓ
ၸٰёள b3.c3ɨ)b,c*)b.c*ǹ൩ࢂ၀ӭԄޑӢԄϩှǶ
ٯӵǺ
)3y,6*)3y.6*ɨ)3y*3ɡ63ɨ5y3.36Ǵ
ஒԄѰѓٿᜐჹፓёள
5y3.36ɨ)3y*3ɡ63ɨ)3y,6*)3y.6*ǹ൩ 5y3.36 ޑӢԄϩှǶ
ጄ ٯ2
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*!y3.27!!!!!)3*:y3.5:
ှǺ)2*y3.27ɨ)y*3ɡ)5*3
ɨ)y,5*)y.5*
)3*:y3.5:ɨ)4y*3ɡ)8*3
ɨ)4y,8*)4y.8*
BotǺ)2* )y,5*)y.5*!!)3* )4y,8*)4y.8*
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 2.2 y3.75!!!
ግಞ 2.3 47y3.36
ጄ ٯ3
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*!)3y.4*3.5!!!)3*)y,3*3.)z.4*3
ှǺ
)2* )3y.4*3.5ɨ )3y.4*3.!)3*3
ɨ)3y.4,3*)!3y.4.3*
3-209
ɨ)3y.2*)3y.6*
)3*!)y,3*3.)z.4*3> [( x + 2) + ( y − 3)][( x + 2) − ( y − 3)]
ɨ)y,z.2*)y.z,6*
Bot;!)2* )3y.2*)3y.6*!)3* )y,z.2*)y.z,6*
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 3.2 )y,z*3.5:!!!!
ግಞ 3.3 )4,y*3.)z.6*3
ጄ ٯ4
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*!3y3.29!!!)3* .4y3,86z3
ှǺ)2*ёаӃஒ 3y3.29 ගрϦӢԄ 3
ջ 3y3.29ɨ3)y3.:*
ɨ3)y,4*)y.4*
!!!!)3*ёаӃஒ.4y3,86z3 ගрϦӢԄ 4Ǵ٠Ъගрॄဦ
ջ.4y3,86z3ɨ.4)y3.36z3*
ɨ.4)y,6z*)y.6z*
BotǺ)2* 3)y,4*)y.4*!)3* .4)y,6z*)y.6z*
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 4.2 6y3.31z3
ግಞ 4.3.23y3,4z3
3-210
ΒǺ
ΒǺճҔޑکѳБϦԄӢԄϩှ
ޑکѳБϦԄ)b,c*3ɨb3,3bc,c3ǴஒԄޑѰѓׇჹፓၸٰё
ளǴb3,3bc,c3ɨ)b,c*3Ǵ൩ࢂӢԄϩှǶ
ٯӵǺ
)3y,6*3ɨ)3y*3,3⋅)3y*⋅6,63ɨ5y3,31y,36Ǵ
ஒԄѰѓٿᜐჹፓǴёள
5y3,31y,36ɨ)3y*3,3⋅)3y*⋅6,63ɨ)3y,6*3ǹ
൩ࢂ 5y3,31y,36 ޑӢԄϩှǶ
ጄ ٯ5
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*y3,3y,2!!!)3*!5y3,5y,2
ှǺ)2*!y3,3y,2ɨ)y*3,3⋅y⋅2,)2*3>)y,2*3
)3*!5y3.5y,2ɨ)3y*3,3⋅)3y*⋅2,)2*3ɨ)3y,2*3
BotǺ)2* )y,2*3!)3* )3y,2*3
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 5.2!y3,9y,27!!!
ግಞ 5.3 :y3,7y,2
ጄ ٯ6
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*)y,4*3,21)y,4*,36!!!)3*)b,c*3,23)b3.c3*,47)b.c*3
ှǺ)2*з y,4>BǴ߾চӭԄёаቪԋ B3,21B,36ǹ
ԶǴB3,21B,36ɨ)B,6*3
ɨ [( x + 3) + 5]2
ɨ)y,9*3
3-211
)3*!)b,c*3,23)b3.c3*,47)b.c*3
з)b,c*ɨBǴ)b.c*ɨCǴ)b3.c3*ɨ)b,c*)b.c*>B⋅Cǹ
߾চӭԄёаቪԋ B3,23BC,47C3
ԶǴB3,23BC,47C3ɨ)B,7C*3
ɨ\b,c,7)b.c*^3
ɨ)b,c,7b.7c*3
ɨ)8b.6c*3
BotǺ)2* )y,9*3!)3* )8b.6c*3
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 6.2 )3y.4*3,9)3y.4*,27!!!
ግಞ 6.3 )b,c*3,5)b3.c3*,5)b.c*3
ΟǺ
ΟǺճҔৡޑѳБϦԄӢԄϩှ
ৡޑѳБϦԄ)b.c*3ɨb3.3bc,c3ǴஒԄޑѰѓׇჹፓၸٰё
ளǴb3.3bc,c3ɨ)b.c*3Ǵ൩ࢂӢԄϩှǶ
ٯӵǺ
)4y.6*3ɨ)4y*3.3⋅)4y*⋅6,63ɨ:y3.41y,36Ǵ
ஒԄѰѓٿᜐჹፓǴёள
:y3.41y,36ɨ)4y*3.3⋅)4y*⋅6,63ɨ)4y.6*3ǹ
൩ࢂ :y3.41y,36 ޑӢԄϩှǶ
ጄ ٯ7
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*36y3.21y,2!!!)3*!y3.29y,92
ှǺ)2*!36y3.21y,2ɨ)6y*3.3⋅)6y*⋅2,)2*3>)6y.2*3
)3*!y3.29y,92ɨ)y*3.3⋅)y*⋅:,):*3ɨ)y.:*3
3-212
BotǺ)2* )6y.2*3!)3* )y.:*3
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 7.2!y3.9y,27!!!
ግಞ 7.3!:y3.7yz,z3
ጄ ٯ8
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*9y3.9y,3!!!!)3*y3)z.3*,z3)3.z*
ှǺ)2*9y3.9y,3>3)5y3.5y,2*
ɨ3)3y.2*3
)3*y3)z.3*,z3)3.z*ɨy3)z.3*.z3)z.3*
ɨ)z.3*)y3.z3*
ɨ)z.3*)y,z*)y.z*
BotǺ)2*!3)3y.2*3!)3* )z.3*)y,z*)y.z*
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 8.2 56y3.71y,31!!!!!
ግಞ 8.3 b3)y.8*,c3)8.y*
ጄ ٯ9
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
)2*b5.c5!!!!)3*y3.9y,27.36z3
ှǺ)2*b5.c5ɨ)b3*3.)c3*3
3-213
ɨ)b3,c3*)b3.c3*
ɨ)b3,c3*)b,c*)b.c*
)3*!y3.9y,27.36z3>)y.5*3.)6z*3
ɨ)y.5,6z*)y.5.6z*
BotǺ)2*!)b3,c3*)b,c*)b.c*!)3*!)y.5,6z*)y.5.6z*
ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
ግಞ 9.2b5.27!!
ግಞ 9.3y3.z3,5z.5
3-214
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/ղձ
2/ղձΠӈӚԄӢԄϩှޑଵ
ղձ ଵǴ٠ஒᒱᇤ҅ुޣ
ଵ ஒᒱᇤ҅ुޣǺ
ஒᒱᇤ҅ुޣ
)2*!y3,35y,211>)y,21*3
)3*!y3,5y,:>)y,4*3
)4*!y3,7y,:>)y,:*3
)5*!3y3,7y,:>)3y,4*3
)6*!5y3,31y,36>)5y,6*3
)7*!4b3−71b,211>)4b−21*3
)8*!3b3.:>)3b,4*)3b−4*
)9*!36−5c3>)6,5c*)6−5c*
):*!y3−31y,511>)y−31*3
)21*!6y3,31y,5>)6y,3*3
3/ӧΠӈӚᚒύ༤Εޑኧ
༤ΕޑኧǴ٬ԄηԋࣁֹӄѳБޑԄǺ
༤Εޑኧ
4/!ӢԄϩှΠӈӚԄǺ
Ȑ5ȑy3.5yz,5z3 )6*y3.:z3!!!!!!!!!!!)7*5y3.36
3-215
)8*4y3.38!!!!!!!!!!!)9*:y3.23y,5 !!):*6y3.31
)21*5y3−23y,:!!!!!!)22*:b3−41b,36!!!!!!)23*:y3,35yz,27z3
)26*)y.3*)y−2*4−)y.3*4)y−2* !)27*)y.3z.9*)y.3z*ɠ23
3-216
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
2/ӢԄϩှ 4 x 2 − 4ax + a 2 − b 2
ှǺ
4 x 2 − 4ax + a 2 − b 2
= (4 x 2 − 4ax + a 2 ) − b 2
= (2 x − a ) 2 − (b) 2
= (2 x − a + b)(2 x − a − b)
BotǺ (2 x − a + b)(2 x − a − b)
3/ऩ a, b ֡ࣁ҅ኧǴЪ a 2 − b 2 = 39
a ϐॶ>
ှǺ
a 2 − b 2 = 39
(a + b)(a − b) = 39
⎧a + b = 39 ⎧a + b = 13
∴⎨ ⎨ ܈
⎩a − b = 1 ⎩a − b = 3
⎧a = 20 ⎧a = 8
ှள ⎨ ⎨
⎩b = 19 ⎩b = 5
BotǺ31Ǵ9
= 65 ⋅ 63
3-217
= 5 ⋅ 13 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 7
܌аനεӢኧࣁ 5 ⋅ 13 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 7 = 1365
\ќှ^Ǻ
212 = 4096
A = 4095 = 3 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 13
܌аനεӢኧࣁ 5 ⋅ 13 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 7 = 1365 ) ܈4095 ⎟ 3 = 1365 *
BotǺനεӢኧࣁ1365
= a 2 − (b − c) 2
= (a + b − c)(a − b + c) !)ճҔΟٿفᜐکεܭಃΟᜐ*
⇒ ҅⋅ ҅
⇒ ҅ኧ
BotǺ҅ኧ
6/ΠӈՖޣόࢂ 7 8 − 4 8 ޑ፦Ӣኧǻ
!!)B*!22!!)C*!24!)D*!8!)E*!4
ှǺ
78 − 48
= (7 4 ) 2 − ( 4 4 ) 2
= (7 4 + 4 4 )(7 4 − 4 4 )
= 2657 ⋅ 65 ⋅ 11 ⋅ 3 = 2657 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 13 ⋅ 11 ⋅ 3
Ξ!3768 ନа 8 ନόᅰ
3-218
܌а 8 όࢂ 7 8 − 4 8 ޑ፦Ӣኧ
BotǺ)D*
3-219
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
2/ऩ 7 ⋅ 9 ⋅ (8 2 + 1)(8 4 + 1) = 8 a − 1
a>
ှǺ
7 ⋅ 9 ⋅ (8 2 + 1)(8 4 + 1)
= (8 − 1) ⋅ (8 + 1) ⋅ (8 2 + 1)(8 4 + 1)
= (8 2 − 1) ⋅ (8 2 + 1)(8 4 + 1)
= (8 4 − 1)(8 4 + 1)
= (8 4 ) 2 − (1) 2
= 88 − 1
∴a = 8
BotǺ9
3/ӢԄϩှ x 4 + x 2 + 1
ှǺ
x4 + x2 +1
= ( x 4 + 2 x 2 + 1) − x 2
= ( x 2 + 1) 2 − x 2
= ( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
BotǺ ( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
4/!ӢԄϩှ x 4 + 64
ှǺ
x 4 + 64 = ( x 4 + 16 x 2 + 64) − 16 x 2
= ( x 2 + 8) 2 − (4 x) 2
= ( x 2 + 4 x + 8)( x 2 − 4 x + 8)
BotǺ ( x 2 + 4 x + 8)( x 2 − 4 x + 8)
3-220
5/ऩ1997 ⋅ 1998 ⋅ 1999 ⋅ 2000 + 1 = k 2
҅ኧ k >
ှǺ
BotǺ4::5112
ځჴೱុѤঁ҅ኧޑ४ᑈӆу 2ǴѸࣁֹӄѳБኧЪܭ
(a + 1) 2 + a !) a ࣁѤೱុ҅ኧύޑനλኧ*
6/ x, y, z ֡ࣁჴኧЪ x + y + z = 4( x − 5 + y − 4 + z − 3)
x = Ǵ y= Ǵz =
ှǺ
x−5−4 x −5 + 4+ y −4−4 y −4 + 4+ z −3−4 z −3 + 4 = 0
[( x − 5 ) 2 − 4 x − 5 + 4] + [( y − 4 ) 2 − 4 y − 4 + 4] + [( z − 3 ) 2 − 4 z − 3 + 4] = 0
( x − 5 − 2) 2 + ( y − 4 − 2) 2 + ( z − 3 − 2) 2 = 0
⎧x − 5 = 4 ⎧x = 9
⎪ ⎪
∴⎨y − 4 = 4 ⇒ ⎨y = 8
⎪z − 3 = 4 ⎪z = 7
⎩ ⎩
BotǺ x = 9, y = 8, z = 7
3-221
7/ς ޕa − b = 5, c − b = 10
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca ϐॶǻ
ှǺ
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca
1
= (2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 − 2ab − 2bc − 2ca )
2
1
= [(a 2 − 2ab + b 2 ) + (b 2 − 2bc + c 2 ) + (a 2 − 2ca + c 2 )]
2
1
= [(a − b) 2 + (b − c) 2 + (c − a) 2 ]
2
⎧a − b = 5
Q⎨ ⇒ a − c = −5
⎩c − b = 10
1
= [5 2 + (−10) 2 + 5 2 ]
2
1
= ⋅ 150
2
= 75
BotǺ86
8/!ϡΒԛӭԄޑӢԄϩှᆶϡΒԛБำԄޑှϐόӕೀ
!!)2* x + 1 ࢂցࣁ x 3 − x 2 − 3x − 1 ޑӢԄ
ှǺ
ճҔӭԄନۺཷݤ
3-222
BotǺ x + 1 ࢂ x 3 − x 2 − 3x − 1 ޑӢԄ
)3*)܍2*ǴӢԄϩှ x 3 − x 2 − 3x − 1
ှǺ
җ)2*ନԄ>ନԄ ⋅ Ԅ
ޕx 3 − x 2 − 3x − 1 = ( x + 1)( x 2 − 2 x − 1)
BotǺ ( x + 1)( x 2 − 2 x − 1)
όѸӆᝩុϩှԋ ( x + 1)( x − 1 + 2 )( x − 1 − 2 )
ѝሡϩှԿȸԖኧ߯ኧȹߡёǶ܌аᆀ x 2 − 2 x − 1 ࢂȸ፦Ԅȹ
όૈӆϩှǶ
ՠऩࢂှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 2 x − 1 = 0 Ǵ߾ᗋሡाᝩុ۳Π
( x − 1 + 2 )( x − 1 − 2 ) = 0
∴ x = 1± 2
Ӣࣁ୯ύှБำԄѸӧȸჴኧጄൎϣȹǶ
⎧ p
⎪ԖኧΚёቪԋ qΔ̃ , q֡ࣁኧ
!!!!!Q/T!!! ჴኧ⎨
⎪คኧΚ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ,............
⎩
3-223
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ግಞ 2.2!)y,9*)y.9*!!!!! ግಞ 2.3!)7y,6*)7y.6*
ግಞ 3.2)y,z,8*)y,z.8*!!! ግಞ 3.3)y,z.3*)y.z,9*
ግಞ 4.26)y,3z*)y.3z*!!!!ግಞ 4.3.4)3y,z*3y.z*
ግಞ 5.2)y,5*3 ግಞ 5.3 )4y,2*3
)3y,2*3
ግಞ 6.2)3 ግಞ 6.3 )4b.c*3
ግಞ 7.2)y.5*3 ግಞ 7.3 )4y.z*3
ግಞ 8.26)4y.3*3 ግಞ 8.3 )y.8*)b,c*)b.c*
ግಞ 9.2)b3,5*)b,3*)b.3*!!ግಞ 9.3 )y,z.3*)y.z,3*
QBSU!3Ǻ
QBSU!3ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/)2* ØǴy3,31y,211>)y,21*3 )3*ØǴ!y3,7y,:>)y,4*3
)4*ØǴ!y3,7y,:>)y,4*3 )5*ØǴ5y3,23y,:>)3y,4*3
)6*ØǴ5y3,31y,36>)3y,6*3 )7*ØǴ:b3−71b,211>)4b−21*3
)8*ØǴ5b3.:>)3b,4*)3b−4* )9*ØǴ36−5c3>)6,3c*)6−3c*
):*ØǴy3−51y,511>)y−31*3 )21*ØǴ36y3,31y,5>)6y,3*3
Ȑ5ȑ)y.3z*3!!!!!!!)6*)y,4z*)y.4z*!!!!)7*)3y,6*)3y.6*
)8*4)y,4*)y.4*!!!)9*)4y.3*3 !!):*6)y,3*)y.3*
)21*)3y.4*3 !!!!)22*)4b.6*3 !!!!!)23*)4y,5z*3!!!
3-224
)24*)y.3*3!!!!!!!!)25*!)y−7*3 !!!)26*!)y.3*)y.2*)3y.4*!!!!!
)27*)y.3z.7*)y.3z.3*
3-225
5-3 ΜӷҬ४ݤ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
Ǻ
ǺޔԄ४ݤᆶΜӷҬ४ݤȐ
ޔԄ४ݤᆶΜӷҬ४ݤȐΒԛ߯ޑኧࣁ 2ȑ
ॺךᏢၸӭԄޔޑԄ४ݤǴٯӵǴ(x+3)(x+4)ޔޑԄᆉԄӵΠǺ
x + 3
× x + 4
4x + 12
x2 + 3x
x2 +7x +12
४ᑈࣁ x2+7x+13Ǵځύ 12=(+3)⋅(+4*Ǵ7x=3⋅xɠ4⋅xɨ(3+4)xǴx2=x⋅xǹ
ӕኬޑǴ(x+p)(x+q)ޔޑԄᆉԄӵΠǺ
x + p
× x + q
qx + pq
x2 + px
೭ঁᆉԄΨёаࣁǺx2 + (p+q)x + pq
x +p
2
x + pq
x +q
px + qx = (p+q)x
׳܈ᙁࣁǺ
1 +p
1 + pq
1 +q
p + q = (p+q)
ӢԜǴx2+7x+13ɨ(x+3)(x+4*ǹҭջ x2+(p+q)x+prɨ(x+p)(x+q*Ƕ
ॺךஒ೭ᅿӢԄϩှޑБݤᆀࣁȨΜӷҬ४ݤ
ΜӷҬ४ݤȩ
ΜӷҬ४ ݤǶ
ጄ ٯ2
ӢԄϩှ x2+8x+16Ƕ
ϩǺ
ёаϩှࣁ)y,q*)y,r*ਔǴٗሶ qr>26Ǵq,r>9ǹӢԜ
1 -1
1 +1
1 + 15
1 + 15
1 -15
1 +15
-1 + -15 =- 16(όӝ)
1 + 15 = 16(όӝ)
1 +3 1 -3
1 + 15 1 + 15
1 +5 1 -5
3 + 5 = 8(ӝ) -3 + -5 =-8(όӝ)
1 +3
1 + 15
1 +5
3 + 5 =8
AnsǺx2+8x+15ɨ(x+3)(x+5)
3-227
ግಞ 1
ӢԄϩှ x2+9x+14Ƕ
ጄ ٯ3
ӢԄϩှ x2-x-7Ƕ
ϩǺ
ӢࣁΒԛ߯ޑኧࣁ 2Ǵதኧࣁ.7Ǵԛ߯ޑኧࣁ.2ǹӵ݀
ёаϩှࣁ)y,q*)y,r*ਔǴٗሶ qr>.7Ǵq,r>.2ǹӢԜ
1 +1 1 -1
1 -6 1 -6
1 -6 1 +6
1 + -6 = -5(όӝ) -1 + 6 = 5(όӝ)
1 +2 1 -2
1 -6 1 -6
1 -3 1 +3
ှǺ 2 + -3 = -1(ӝ) -2 + 3 = 1(όӝ)
1 +2
1 -6
1 -3
2 + -3 = -1
2
AnsǺx -x-7ɨ(x+2)(x-3)
ግಞ 2
ӢԄϩှ x2-3x-40Ƕ
3-228
ጄ ٯ4
ӢԄϩှ x2+11x+19Ƕ
ϩǺ
аϩှࣁ)y,q*)y,r*ਔǴٗሶ qr>29Ǵq,r>22ǹӢࣁٿኧ࣬४ࣁ҅Ǵ
Ъ࣬уکޑΞࣁ҅ǴѝԖࢂ҅ኧਔωԋҥǴӢԜѝԵቾٿኧࣁ
҅ኧޑݩǺ
1 +1 1 +2
1 +18 1 +18
1 +18 1 +9
1 + 18 = 19(όӝ) 2 + 9 = 11(ӝ)
1 +3
1 +18
1 +6
3 + 6 = 9(όӝ)
1 +2
1 +18
1 +9
2 + 9 = 11
AnsǺx2+11x+18ɨ(x+2)(x+9)
ግಞ 3
ӢԄϩှ x2-13x+40Ƕ
3-229
ΒǺ
ΒǺޔԄ४ݤᆶΜӷҬ४ݤ
ޔԄ४ݤᆶΜӷҬ४ݤȐȐΒԛ߯ޑኧόࣁ 2ȑ
ӭԄ(2x+3)(4x-5)ޔޑԄ४ݤӵΠ܌ҢǺ
2x + 3
× 4x -5
-10x -15
8x2 + 12x
8x2 + 2x - 15
ΨёаᙁࣁǺ
2 +3
8 -15
4 -5
12 + (-10) = 2
ځύǴ8 ࢂΒԛ߯ޑኧǴ-15 ࢂதኧǴ2 ࢂԛ߯ޑኧǶ
ᢀჸ 8x2+2x-15Ǵځύ 8=2⋅4Ǵ-15=3⋅(-5)Ǵ2=2⋅(-5)+4⋅3ǹӢԜǴ
8x2+2x-15ɨ(2x+3)(4x-5)Ƕ
ӕኬޑǴ(ax+p)(bx+q)ޔޑԄᆉԄӵΠǺ
ax + p
× bx + q
aqx + pq
abx2 +bpx
abx2 + (bp+aq)x + pq
೭ঁᆉԄΨёаࣁǺ
ax +p
2
abx + pq
bx +q
bp + aq = (bp+aq)
ᢀჸ 8x2+2x-15 ᆶ abx2+(aq+bp)x+pq ঁٿԄηǴว ab=8Ǵ
pq=-15Ǵaq+bp=2ǶӢԜǴ8x2+2x-15ɨ(2x+3)(4x-5)ǹаϷ
abx2+(aq+bp)x+pq=(ax+p)(bx+q)Ƕॺךஒ೭ᅿӢԄϩှޑБݤᆀࣁȨΜ
Μ
ӷҬ४ݤȩ
ӷҬ४ ݤǶ
ጄ ٯ5
ӢԄϩှ 3x2+11x+7Ƕ
ϩǺ
ёаϩှࣁ)by,q*)cy,r*ਔǴٗሶ bc>4Ǵqr>7Ǵcq,br>22ǹӢԜ
1 +1 1 -1
3 +6 3 +6
3 +6 3 -6
3 + 6 = 9(όӝ) -3 + -6 =- 9(όӝ)
1 +6 1 -6
3 +6 3 +6
3 +1 3 -1
9 + 2 = 11(ӝ)
-9 + -2 = -11(όӝ)
ှǺ 1 +3
3 +6
3 +2
9 + 2 = 11
AnsǺ3x2+11x+6ɨ(x+3)(3x+2)
ግಞ 4
ӢԄϩှ 6x2+13x+5Ƕ
ጄ ٯ6
ӢԄϩှ 3x2.2xɡ5Ƕ
ϩǺ
ӢࣁΒԛ߯ޑኧࣁ 4Ǵதኧࣁ.6Ǵԛ߯ޑኧࣁ.3ǹӵ݀
ёаϩှࣁ)by,q*)cy,r*ਔǴٗሶ bc>4Ǵqr>.6Ǵcq,br>.3ǹӢԜ
1 -1
1 +1
3 -5
3 -5
3 +5
3 -5
-3 + 5 =2(όӝ)
3 + -5 = -2(ӝ)
1 -5 1 +5
3 -5 3 -5
3 +1 3 -1
3-232
ှǺ
1 +1
3 -5
3 -5
3 + -5 = -2
Ans:3x2-2xɡ5ɨ(x+1)(3x-5)
ግಞ 5
ӢԄϩှ 6x2-x-15Ƕ
ጄ ٯ7
ӢԄϩှ-3x2+7xɡ2Ƕ
ϩǺ
ӢࣁΒԛ߯ޑኧࣁ-4Ǵதኧࣁ.3Ǵԛ߯ޑኧࣁ 8ǹӵ݀
ёаϩှࣁ)by,q*)cy,r*ਔǴٗሶ bc>.4Ǵqr>.3Ǵcq,br>8ǹӢԜ
1 +1 1 -1
-3 -2 -3 -2
-3 -2 -3 +2
-3 + -2 = -5(όӝ) 3 + 2 =5(όӝ)
1 -2 1 +2
-3 -2 -3 -2
-3 +1 -3 -1
6 + 1 = 7(ӝ) -6 + -1 =-7(όӝ)
ှǺ
1 -2
-3 -2
-3 +1
6 + 1 =7 3-233
AnsǺ-3x2+7xɡ2ɨ(x-2)(-3x+1)
ግಞ 6
ӢԄϩှ 4x2-3x-10Ƕ
ጄ ٯ8
ӢԄϩှ(x-1)2-4(x-1)-21Ƕ
Զ A2-4A-22 ёҔΜӷҬ४ݤϩှ
1 -7
1 -21
1 +3
-7 + 3 = -4
2
A -4A-22ɨ(A-7)(A+3)
ӢԜǴ(x-1)2-4(x-1)-22ɨ(x-1-7)(x-1+3)
ɨ(x-8)(x+2)
AnsǺ(x-8)(x+2)
ግಞ 7
ӢԄϩှ(2x-3)2-2(2x-3)-24Ƕ
3-234
ጄ ٯ9
5 8
ӢԄϩှ x 2 − 2 xy − y 2
3 3
5 8 5 6 8
ှǺ x 2 − 2 xy − y 2 ɨ x 2 − xy − y 2 5x +4y
3 3 3 3 3
2
1 5x -8y2
ɨ (5 x 2 − 6 xy − 8 y 2 )
3 x -2y
1
ɨ (5 x + 4 y )( x − 2 y ) 4xy + -10xy = -6xy
3
1
AnsǺ (5 x + 4 y )( x − 2 y )
3
ግಞ 8
4 10 2
ӢԄϩှ x 2 − xy − y
3 3
3-235
PART 2ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
1.ҔΜӷҬ४ݤӢԄϩှΠӈӚᚒǺ
) *2.ӵѓკǴԖҘǵΌǵЧǵѤᅿό࣬՟ંޑǴ
Ǵ߾ٿځᎃᜐޑᜐߏϩձࣁӭϿǻ
3-236
(A) 2x2 + 5x 12 (B) ( 2x 3 )2 (C) 2x 3 (D) 3x + 1
( )4.ऩ 481x2ɠ2xɡ3 ёӢԄϩှԋ ( 13xɠa ) ( bxɠc )Ǵځύ aǵbǵ
c ֡ࣁኧǴ߾Πӈ௶ॊՖ҅ޣዴǻ
߾Ǻ
3-237
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
ှǺ
ӢԄϩှ12 x 2 − 77 x − 20
= (3 x − 20)(4 x + 1)
Q 4 x + 1 > 0,∴ 3 x − 20 > 0
Ӣኧ*
жΕ (3 x − 20)(4 x + 1)
= 1⋅ 29
= 29
BotǺ8Ǵ3:
3-238
3/ΠӈবӭԄࢂ 3x 2 − 23x + 14 ᆶ 6 x 2 + 38 x − 28 ޑϦӢԄǻ
!!)B*! x − 7 !!)C*! x + 7 !!)D*! 3x + 2 !!)E* 3x − 2
ှǺ
3 x 2 − 23 x + 14
= ( x − 7)(3 x − 2)
Ξ 6 x 2 + 38 x − 28
= 2 ⋅ (3x 2 + 19 x − 14)
= 2( x + 7)(3 x − 2)
BotǺ)E*
= (−1) ⋅ 6
= 2 ⋅ (−3)
= ( − 2) ⋅ 3
BotǺ a = ±1, ± 5
239
5/ऩ x 2 − x − n ёϩှԋঁٿ߯ኧޑԛԄޑ४ᑈǴЪ 0 < n < 120
n ܌ޑԖёૈॶ>ǻ
ှǺ
n Ѹёϩှԋঁٿೱុኧޑ४ᑈ
n = 1 ⋅ 2, 2 ⋅ 3, 3 ⋅ 4, 4 ⋅ 5, 5 ⋅ 6, 6 ⋅ 7,
7 ⋅ 8, 8 ⋅ 9, 9 ⋅ 10, 10 ⋅ 11,
∴ n = 3-!7-!23-!31-!41-!53-!67-!83-!:1-!221
BotǺ3-!7-!23-!31-!41-!53-!67-!83-!:1-!221
240
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
2/ᚈΜӷҬ४ݤ
!!)2*ӢԄϩှ x 2 + xy − 2 y 2 + x + 8 y − 6
ှǺ
Ӄϩှ x 2 + xy − 2 y 2
= ( x − y )( x + 2 y )
ӆᆶ).7*ଛр x + 8 y
Bot; ( x − y + 3)( x + 2 y − 2)
ԜᚒӅҔΑٿԛΜӷҬ४ݤǴࡺᆀࣁȸᚈΜӷҬ४ݤȹ
ፎှ)3*ᆶ)4*
241
)3* x 2 − 2 xy − 3 y 2 + 3x − 5 y + k ёϩှԋঁٿԛӢԄǴ k >
ှǺз k = a ⋅ b
⎧a + b = 3.................(1)
∴⎨
⎩− 3a + b = −5..........(2)
!!!!)2*.)3*! 4a = 8
a = 2 жӣ)2*ள b = 1
ࡺk = a⋅ b = 2
BotǺ3
242
)4*ऩ x − y − 3 ࢂ x 2 + axy + by 2 − 5 x − 10 y + 6 ޑӢԄǴ
a, b ϐॶ>
ှǺ
∴ 2 + 3b = −10
b = −4
ள ( x − y )( x + 4 y )
= x 2 + 3xy − 4 y 2
∴a = 3
BotǺ a = 3, b = −4
243
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2Ǻ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ግಞ 2)y,3*)y,8*
ግಞ 3)y.9*)y,6*
ግಞ 4)y.6*)y.9*
ግಞ 5)4y,6*)3y,2*
ግಞ 6)3y,4*)4y.6*
ግಞ 7)5y,6*)y.3*
ግಞ 8)3y.:*)3y,2*
1
ግಞ 9 (4 x + 5 y )( x − 2 y )
3
PART 2ǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
1.(1) ( x + 5) 2 !!!!!!!)3* ( x + 2)( x + 3) !!!!!!)4* ( x − 1)( x − 6)
(4) ( x + 7)( x − 2) !!!)6* ( x + 5)( x − 4) !!!!!!!)7* ( x − 3)( x + 2)
(7) ( x − 5)( x + 2) !!!)9* ( x − 7)( x + 2) !!!!!!!):* ( x − 8)( x + 4)
(10) (2 x + 3)(5 x − 1) !)22* (6 x + 5)( x + 2) !!!!!)23* (5 x − 1)( x − 7)
244
ЬᚒϤǺϡΒԛБำԄ
7.2!ΜӷҬ४ݤှϡΒԛБำԄ
QBSU!2!ǺЬᚒื
ጄ ٯ2ǺΠӈব٤ࢂϡΒԛБำԄǻ
)B*! x 2 − 3x + 1
)C*! x 3 + 1 = x ᏢಞཷۺǺ
)F*! 2 x 2 + x − 1 = 2( x 2 − x) + 7 ߾ԜБำԄࣁϡΒԛБำԄ
)G*! 2 x + 7 = 0
1
)H*! − 4 x = 5
x
BotǺ!)D*!)E*
ግಞ 2Ǻ x 2 = 0 ࢂϡΒԛБำԄ༏@
3-245
ጄ ٯ3ǺӵՖղࢂۓցࣁϡΒԛБำԄޑှ@!!!
ှǺ
)2*! x = 0 жΕ − 19 x 2 + 13x = 0 ⇒ −0 + 0 = 0 ԋҥ
∴ࢂ
)3*! x = 4 ᆶ x = −3 жΕǴѰѓό࣬
∴ց
3-246
ጄ ٯ4ǺճҔऩȺ a ⋅ b = 0 Ǵ߾ a = 0 ܈b = 0 Ȼ
ှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 2)(3x + 4) = 0
ှǺ x − 2 = 0 ܈3x + 4 = 0
−4
⇒ x = 2 ܈x =
3
−4
ࣁ x = 2 Ǵ
3
ግಞ 4ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ (2 x − 5)(5 x − 2) = 0
3-247
ᏢಞཷۺǺ
Ȩऩ a ⋅ b = 1 Ǵ߾ a = 1 Ъ b = 1 ȩԜཷۺჹ༏ǻ
ฅёૈǴ܌аคݤҔԜཷۺϡΒԛБำԄޑှǶ
Ψ൩ࢂᇥဦѓᜐۓाܭȸ1ȹωёа
ጄ ٯ5Ǻ ගрϦӢԄှϡΒԛБำԄ
ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 4 x = 0
ှǺ x 2 + 4 x = 0
x ( x + 4) = 0
∴x = 0 ܈x+ 4 = 0
∴ x = 0 ܈x = −4
ግಞ 5.2Ǻ ှϡΒԛБำԄ 2 x 2 − 4 x = 0
1 2
ግಞ 5.3Ǻ ှϡΒԛБำԄ x + 6x = 0
2
3-248
ϡΒԛБำԄǴऩѝલதኧ)܈ᆀதኧࣁ 1*Ǵ
߾࡞Ԗਥࣁ 1
ጄ ٯ6Ǻ ӃϩಔӆගϦӢԄ
)2* ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 4 x + 3x + 12 = 0
ݙཀǺ
ှǺ x 2 + 4 x + 3 x + 12 = 0
ှБำԄၸำȺɨȻ
x( x + 4) + 3( x + 4) = 0
( x + 4)( x + 3) = 0 όёܫय़
∴ x = −4 ܈x = −3
)3* ှϡΒԛБำԄ 2 x 2 − 6 x + 3x − 9 = 0
ှǺ 2 x 2 − 6 x + 3x − 9 = 0
2 x( x − 3) + 3( x − 3) = 0
( x − 3)(2 x + 3) = 0
3
∴x = 3 ܈x = −
2
3-249
ግಞ 6ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 5 x 2 + 2 x − 15 x − 6 = 0
ᏢಞཷۺǺ
ᏢಞаΜӷҬ४ݤှϡΒԛБำԄ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ޑᡯ
ጄ ٯ7Ǻ
)2* ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 5 x + 6 = 0
ှǺ x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
( x + 2)( x + 3) = 0
∴ x = −2 Ǵ − 3
3-250
)3* ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 7 x + 6 = 0
ှǺ x 2 + 7 x + 6 = 0
( x + 1)( x + 6) = 0
∴ x = −1 Ǵ − 6
ᏢಞཷۺǺ
ǴѝԖ x аځှжΕ
БำԄ)ύ୯ᆀࣁȸБำȹ*ΞћբȺచҹԄȻ
ਔǴဦωԋҥǶԶϡΒԛБำԄѸԖٿှǴѝࢂԖਔౢғ
ኧှȐाډଯύω௲ډȑ
ǴԶ୯ύ໘ࢤԖ٤ހҁ௲ࣽਜᆀϐࣁ
ȸคှȹǴၨόǴᔈ၀ᇥคჴኧှၨǶ
ግಞ 7.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 5 x + 4 = 0
ግಞ 7.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 0
3-251
ጄ ٯ8Ǻ
)2*ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 5 x + 6 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 5 x + 6 = 0
( x − 2)( x − 3) = 0
∴x−2 = 0 ܈x−3= 0
∴ x = 2 Ǵ3
)3*ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 7 x + 6 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 7 x + 6 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 6) = 0
∴ x = 1 !- 6
3-252
ግಞ 8.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 25 x + 24 = 0
ግಞ 8.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 10 x + 24 = 0
ግಞ 8.4ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 20 x + 91 = 0
ጄ ٯ9Ǻ
)2*ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 2 x − 24 = 0
ှǺ x 2 + 2 x − 24 = 0 ʈձבΑቪ ȹ>!1!ȹ
( x − 4)( x + 6) = 0
∴x = 4 Ǵ−6
)3*ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 2 x − 24 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 2 x − 24 = 0
( x + 4)( x − 6) = 0
∴ x = −4 !- 6
3-253
)4*ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 5 x − 24 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 5 x − 24 = 0
( x + 3)( x − 8) = 0
∴ x = −3 !- 8
ግಞ 9.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 2 x − 15 = 0
ግಞ 9.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 15 x − 76 = 0
ግಞ 9.4ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 8 x − 105 = 0
3-254
ጄ ٯ:Ǻ
)2* ှϡΒԛБำԄ 5 x 2 + 16 x + 3 = 0
ှǺ 5 x 2 + 16 x + 3 = 0
( x + 3)(5 x + 1) = 0
1
∴ x = −3 Ǵ −
5
)3* ှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 − 5 = −2 x
ှǺ 3 x 2 − 5 = −2 x
3x 2 + 2 x − 5 = 0
( x − 1)(3 x + 5) = 0
5
∴ x = 1 !- −
3
)4* ှϡΒԛБำԄ 5 x 2 − 3x − 14 = 0
ှǺ 5 x 2 − 3 x − 14 = 0
( x − 2)(5 x + 7) = 0
7
∴ x = 2 !- −
5
3-255
ግಞ :.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 − 11x + 6 = 0
ግಞ :.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ (2 x − 1)(3x + 5) = 15
ግಞ :.4ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ (2 x + 3)(2 x − 3) = 9 x
ጄ ٯ21Ǻ
)2* ှϡΒԛБำԄ 6 x 2 + 28 x − 48 = 0
ှǺ 6 x 2 + 28 x − 48 = 0
3 x 2 + 14 x − 24 = 0 !!!!)Ӛӕନа 3*
( x + 6)(3 x − 4) = 0
4
∴ x = −6 Ǵ
3
߾Q 2 ≠ 0
∴x+6 = 0 ܈ 3x − 4 = 0
4
∴ x = −6 Ǵ
3
17 6
)3* ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − x+ =0
7 7
3-256
17 6
ှǺ x2 − x+ =0
7 7
7 x 2 − 17 x + 6 = 0 !!!!!)Ӛӕ४а 8*
( x − 2)(7 x − 3) = 0
3
∴ x = 2 !-
7
ှǺ 1 .5 x 2 − 0 .7 x = 3
15 x 2 − 7 x = 30 !!!!!!!!)Ӛӕ४а 21*
15 x 2 − 7 x − 30 = 0
(3 x − 5)(5 x + 6) = 0
5 6
∴x = !- −
3 5
ግಞ 21.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 40 x 2 − 30 x − 70 = 0
10
ግಞ 21.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − x − =0
9
3-257
ጄ ٯ22Ǻ
)2* ှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 3) 2 − 3( x − 3) − 4 = 0
ှǺ
ऩз x − 3 = A
߾ A2 − 3 A − 4 = 0
( x − 3) 2 − 3( x − 3) − 4 = 0
( x − 3 + 1)( x − 3 − 4) = 0
( x − 2)( x − 7) = 0
∴x = 2 Ǵ7
ግಞ 22.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ (2 x + 1) 2 − (2 x + 1) − 30 = 0
ግಞ 22.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 4( x − 5) 2 − 5( x − 5) − 21 = 0
3-258
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 = 6 Ǵ x =
3ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 7)(13x − 2) = 0 Ǵ x =
4ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ x(3x − 2) = 0 Ǵ x =
5ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ (5 x + 2) 2 = 0 Ǵ x =
6ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ (3 − x) 2 = (3 − 2 x) 2 Ǵ x =
7ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ 49 x 2 − 70 x + 25 = 0 Ǵ x =
8ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ x( x − 7) = 18 Ǵ x =
9ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 + 8 x − 3 = 0 Ǵ x =
:ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 = −7 Ǵ x =
3-259
22ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 3)( x + 3) − ( x + 3) = 0 Ǵ x =
24ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ − 12 − x + x 2 = 0 Ǵ x =
27ǵ x = 3 όࢂΠӈবঁБำԄޑှǻ
)E* x( x + 3) = 0
Ɂа࣬ӕޑБݤှ 2931 ᚒ
29ǵ A 2 − A − 30 = 0 Ǵ A =
2:ǵ ( x + 1) 2 − ( x + 1) − 30 = 0 Ǵ x =
3-260
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
ှǺ
ှǺ
x = b, c
( x − b)( x − c) = 0
x 2 − (b + c) x + bc = 0
Кၨ x 2 + bx + c = 0
⎧bc = c ⎧b = 1
∴⎨ ள ⎨
⎩b + c = −b ⎩c = −2
BotǺ2-.3
3-261
4/ऩ x 2 − px + 24 = 0 ٿޑਥКࣁ 3Ǻ4Ǵ
p= Ƕ
ှǺ
зٿਥࣁ 2r ,3r
( x − 2r )( x − 3r ) = 0
x 2 − 5rx + 6r 2 = 0
∴ 6r 2 = 24
2
=4
= ±2
Զ p = 5r = ±10
BotǺ ± 10
5/ x = a ࢂϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + bx + a = 0 ޑਥǴ a ≠ 0
a+b = Ƕ
ှǺ
x = a жΕ x 2 + bx + a = 0
ள a 2 + ab + a = 0
a (a + b) = − a
−a
Q a ≠ 0,∴ a + b = = −1
a
BotǺ.2
3-262
6/ς ޕn ࣁ҅ኧǴፎפрΠӈ n ঁϡΒԛБำԄޑ܄
!!!)2*! x 2 − 1 = 0
!!!)3*! x 2 − x − 2 = 0
!!!)4*! x 2 − 2 x − 3 = 0
M
!!!) n *! x 2 − (n − 1) x − n = 0
߾ķፎаΜӷҬ४ݤှ) n *
ĸ೭ n ঁϡΒԛБำԄԖӅӕਥࣁ Ƕ
Ĺ೭ n ঁϡΒԛБำԄ܌Ԗਥϐࣁک Ƕ
ှǺ
ķ
∴ x = −1, n
ĸ x = −1
Ĺ − 1 + 1 − 1 + 2 − 1 + 3 − 1 + 4 − ǾǾ −1 + n
= 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + ǾǾ + (n − 1)
(1 + n − 1) ⋅ (n − 1)
=
2
n(n − 1)
=
2
n(n − 1)
BotǺķ x = −1, n ĸ .2!!Ĺ
2
3-263
7/ፎቪрঁٿਥϕࣁॹኧޑϡΒԛБำԄǴЪ܌Ԗ߯ኧ֡ࣁ
ኧǶ
ှǺ
ᖐӈ
3 2
зٿਥࣁ ,
2 3
3 2
ջ ( x − )( x − ) = 0
2 3
(2 x − 3)(3 x − 2) = 0
6 x 2 − 13 x + 6 = 0
BotǺ 6 x 2 − 13x + 6 = 0
ΒԛБำԄǶ
ှǺ
ᢀჸᚒёޕǴ೭ٿਥѸࣁ!2-2! ܈.2-.2
ջ x 2 − 2x + 1 = 0 ܈ x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0
3-264
9/ऩϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − kx + 14 = 0 ٿޑਥ֡ࣁኧǴ
߾ k ܌Ԗёૈॶ>
ှǺ
k = ±15
k = ±9
∴ k = ±9,±15
Bot; k = ±9,±15
3-265
:/ऩϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − x + t = 0Ȑ t ࣁኧȑٿޑਥ֡ࣁኧǴ߾ t ё
ૈॶԖ ঁ
ှǺ
t = −2 t = −6 t = −12
ёϩԋ
Ԗคज़ӭᅿёૈ
∴ t ёૈԖคज़ӭঁ
Bot; คज़ӭঁ
3-266
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ϡΒԛБำԄᆶ߯ኧޑᜢ߯
ှǺ x = 3,4
( x − 3)( x − 4) = 0
x 2 − 7 + 12 = 0
Кၨ x 2 + bx + c = 0
∴ b = −7, c = 12
−b
ऩ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ٿਥࣁ α , β Ǵ߾ٿਥکǺ α + β =
a
c
ٿਥᑈǺ α ⋅ β =
a
ှǺ x = α, β
( x − α )( x − β ) = 0
x 2 − (α + β ) x + αβ = 0
1
Ξ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ӕ४
a
b c
ள x2 + x + = 0
a a
−b c
Кၨ߯ኧள α + β = Ǵα ⋅ β =
a a
3-267
ԜᆀࣁȺਥᆶ߯ኧޑᜢ߯Ȼ
ȐԶύ୯ᆀբȺॡၲۓȻ
ȑǶଯύҔ
ࡐډӭǴՠ୯ύ௲ς௨ନǴঁΓᘐচӢёૈࢂځȺ࠶ΚȻϼமεǴ
ೱղձԄ=1 ਔૈ٬ҔǶՠኧ୯ύςό௲ΑǴӢԜȺਥᆶ߯ኧޑ
ᜢ߯ȻߡԾฅѨΑ"
β α
3/ऩ 3x 2 + 7 x + 6 = 0 ٿਥࣁ α , β Ǵ + ϐॶ
α β
⎧ −7
α + β =
⎪⎪ 3
ှǺ ⎨
⎪αβ = 6 = 2
⎪⎩ 3
49
−4
β α β +α (α + β ) − 2αβ
2 2 2
9 13
+ = = = =
α β αβ αβ 2 18
− 7 ± − 23
ёխޔௗр x = ǴӆжΕၮᆉǴ߾ीᆉࡐፄᚇ
6
⎧ 6
⎪⎪α + β = 5
ှǺ ⎨
⎪αβ = 7
⎪⎩ 5
α 2 β + αβ 2 = αβ (α + β )
7 6 42
= ⋅ =
5 5 25
3-268
ቶ
ऩϡΟԛӭԄ ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 ޑΟਥࣁ α Ǵ β Ǵ γ
( x − α )( x − β )( x − γ ) = 0 ⇒ x 3 − (α + β + γ ) x 2 + (αβ + βγ + γα ) x − αβγ = 0
Кၨ ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0
−b
ளΟਥکǺ α + β + γ =
a
c
ٿٿᑈϐکǺ αβ + αγ + βγ =
a
−d
ΟਥᑈǺ αβγ =
a
5/҆ᆶηғВӕϺǴЪ҆ೱុϤԃٰޑԃសࢂηԃសޑ
७ኧǴୢ҆ᆶηϞԃྃޑኧǻ
ှǺ
72 73 74 75 76 77
҆
2 3 4 5 6 7
η
BotǺϞԃ҆ 77 ྃǴη 7 ྃ
3-269
6/ϙሶਔংȸϖ෧ܭϤȸ
ୖԵเਢǺ
)2*ঁϖᜐȸȹѐفǴߡԋϤᜐ
)3*ϖϡӆȸᏺȹϡᡂԋϤϡ
գᗋԖځд֮ޑเ༏ǻ
3-270
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2!ǺЬᚒื
5 2
ግಞ 2 ࢂ ግಞ 3 ࢂ ግಞ 4 x = Ǵ
2 5
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2 2 2 2
BotǺ)2*! ± 2 !!)3*! 7, !)4*! 0, !!!!)5* − ,− !)6*!1-3!
13 3 5 5
5 5 1
)7*! , !!!)8*! − 2,9 !)9*!! ,−3 !):*คჴਥ!!)21*!2-25
7 7 3
1 7
!!!!!)22*! − 3,4 !!)23*! − 1, !)24*! − 3,4 !!)25* − 3,14 !)26*! 2,−
2 5
9 13
)27*!E!!)28*!D!)29*!! − 5,6 !)2:*! − 6,5 !)31*! ,
16 17
3-271
7.3!ଛБݤှϡΒԛБำԄ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
ЇଆᐒǺ
( x − 37) ⋅ ( x + 41) = 0
x = 37,−41
ᡣॺךԾฅགྷࢂډցԖ׳ӳޑБٰݤှګǻ
ΞٯӵှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 7) 2 − 3 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 14 x + 49 − 3 = 0
x 2 − 14 x + 46 = 0
аΜӷҬ४ࡐࢂݤᜤрځှǴ
ՠऩׯԋ ( x − 7) 2 = 3 = (± 3 ) 2
x−7 = ± 3
x =7± 3
ߡࡐܰှрǶ
ॺךวΜӷҬ४ݤၶࡐډӭࢂݩރόӳҔޑǴॺךࢂܭा׳
ᏢᅿཥޑБˇݤଛБ)ݤଛԋֹӄѳБԄޑБ*ݤǶ
3-272
ᏢಞཷۺǺ
ӢࣁଛБݤၸำၨߏǴࡺॺךஒځϪԋǵΠٿϩٰᏢǴӃ
ᏢΠъǴӆஒъᡏՍᖄଆٰǶ
ጄ ٯ2 ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 = 49
ှǺ x 2 = 49 = (±7) 2 )Q 5: ޑѳБਥࢂ ± 7 *
∴ x = ±7
ግಞ 2.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 = 169
ግಞ 2.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 4 x 2 = 121
3-273
ጄ ٯ3 Ǻ)2*ှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x + 3) 2 = 25
ှǺ ( x + 3) 2 = 25 = (±5) 2
∴ x + 3 = ±5 !!!!)୦բ x у 4 ॄ҅ܭ6*
x = 2,−8
ȴόӳޑှݤȵǺ
( x + 3) 2 = 25
x 2 + 6 x + 9 = 25
x 2 + 6 x − 16 = 0
( x − 2)( x + 8) = 0
x = 2,−8
)3*ှϡΒԛБำԄ 4( x − 3) 2 = 25
25 5
ှǺ ( x − 3) 2 = = (± ) 2
4 2
5
∴x−3 = ±
2
5
x = 3±
2
11 1
x= ,
2 2
ግಞ 3.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 5) 2 − 36 = 0
ግಞ 3.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ (2 x − 5) 2 − 36 = 0
3-274
ጄ ٯ4 Ǻ)2*ှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 2) 2 = 3
ှǺ ( x − 2) 2 = 3 = (± 3 ) 2 4 ޑѳБਥࢂ ± 3
∴x−2 = ± 3
x = 2± 3
!!!!!)Ԝٿਥࣁคኧ*
!)3*ှϡΒԛБำԄ 4( x − 2) 2 = 5
5 5 2 5 5 5
ှǺ ( x − 2) 2 = = (± ) ޑѳБਥࣁ ± =±
4 2 4 4 2
5
x−2=±
2
5 4± 5
x = 2± !) ܈x = !*
2 2
)4*ှϡΒԛБำԄ 3( x − 4) 2 = 5
5 15 2 5 5⋅ 3 15
ှǺ ( x − 4) 2 = = (± ) = =
3 3 3 3⋅ 3 3
15
x−4= ±
3
15
x = 4±
3
3-275
ግಞ 4.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ ( x − 3) 2 = 2
ግಞ 4.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 9( x − 3) 2 − 5 = 0
ግಞ 4.4ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 2(1 − x) 2 = 7
ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0
ᏢಞཷۺǺαǺъޑѳБ
x 2 − 3x = −1
3 3 ٿᜐӕу x ߯ኧȸъޑѳ
x 2 − 3x + ( ) 2 = ( ) 2 − 1
2 2
3 5 ± 5 2 БȹǶѰᜐଛԋӵ
(x − )2 = = ( )
2 4 2
3 ± 5 x 2 − 2ax + a 2 → ( x − a ) 2 ⇒ ࣁֹӄ
x− =
2 2
3± 5 ѳБԄ
x=
2
)2*ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 4 x − 2 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − 4x − 2 = 0
x 2 − 4x =2
x 2 − 4 x + !5! = 2 + 4 ⇒ ༤ 5 ޑъޑѳБ>5!!!!!!!!!
(x − )2 = = )!!!* 2 ⇒ ༤ 3-!7-! ± 6
ௗΠٰ൩࣮գ߄ޑΑǺ
3-276
x=
)3*ϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 5 x + 3 = 0
BotǺ)2*!!!! )3*!!!!
x−2=± 6 25 25
ှ;!! x 2 − 5 x + = − 3
4 4
x = 2± 6 5 13 ± 13 2
(x − )2 = =( )
2 4 2
5 ± 13
x− =
2 2
5 ± 13
x=
2
ግಞ 5.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 7 x + 5 = 0
ግಞ 5.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 6 x + 7 = 0
3-277
Ӄᡣ x 2 ߯ኧᡂԋȸ2ȹ
ጄ ٯ6Ǻ)2*!ှϡΒԛБำԄ − x 2 + x + 1 = 0
ှǺ x 2 − x − 1 = 0 !!!!!!!)ӕ४).2*٬ள x 2 ߯ኧ>2*
x2 − x =1
1 1
x2 − x + = +1
4 4
1 5 ± 5 2
(x − )2 = = ( )
2 4 2
1 ± 5
x− =
2 2
1± 5 −1± 5
x= )܈ *
2 −2
1
)3*!ှϡΒԛБำԄ − x 2 − x + 1 = 0
3
1
ှǺӕ४).4*٬ள − x 2 = x 2
3
x 2 + 3x − 3 = 0
x 2 + 3x =3
9 9 9
x 2 + 3x + = + 3 !!!!!!!!)ӕу 4 ޑъޑѳБ = *
4 4 4
3 21 ± 21 2
(x + )2 = =( )
2 4 2
3 ± 21
x+ =
2 2
− 3 ± 21
x=
2
3-278
ጄ ٯ7Ǻ Ӄ࣮ጄٯှࡕݤǴӆբ)2*ǵ)3*ᚒǺ
ှϡΒԛБำԄ 2 x 2 − 3x − 3 = 0
3 3 1
ှǺ x2 − x = !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)ӕ४ *
2 2 2
3 9 9 3 3 9
x2 − x+ = + !!!!!!!!)ӕу ( ) 2 = *
2 16 16 2 4 16
3 33 ± 33 2
(x − )2 = =( )
4 16 4
3 ± 33
x− =
4 4
3 ± 33
x=
4
)2*ှϡΒԛБำԄ 4 x 2 − 2 x − 5 = 0
ှǺ 4x 2 − 2x − 5 = 0
1 5
x2 − x = ⇒ ༤
2 4
1 5 1 1
x2 − x+ = + ⇒ ༤ ޑъޑѳБ =
2 4 2 16
21 1 ± 21
(x − )2 = !!>)!!!* 2 ⇒༤ -!
16 4 4
ௗΠٰ൩࣮գ߄ޑΑǺ
x=
1 ± 21
BotǺ x − =
4 4
1 ± 21
x=
4
3-279
)3*ှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 − 7 x + 3 = 0
ှǺ
7
BotǺ x 2 − x = −1
3
7 49 49 13
x2 − x+ = −1 =
3 36 36 36
7 ± 13 2
(x − )2 = ( )
6 6
7 ± 13
x− =
6 6
7 ± 13
x=
6
ግಞ 7.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ − 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 = 0
ግಞ 7.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 5 x 2 − x − 2 = 0
ግಞ 7.4ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 − 11x + 5 = 0
3-280
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2ǵ ऩ x 2 − 14 x + a = 0 Ԗख़ਥǴ߾ a =
3ǵ ऩ 4 x 2 + bx + 9 ࣁֹӄѳБԄǴ b =
4ǵ ऩ x 2 + 18 x + a − 11 ࣁֹӄѳБԄǴ a =
5ǵ ှϡΒԛБำԄ (2 x + 6) 2 = 12 Ǵ x =
6ǵ ऩ x 2 − 6 x + 9 = 0 ёϯᙁԋ ( x + a) 2 = b Ǵ߾ a = Ǵb =
7ǵ җ x 2 − ax + 1 = 0 ёள ( x − 3) 2 = b Ǵ a + b =
8ǵ ऩ x 2 − 8 x + 5 = 0 Ǵ( x − 4) 2 =
:ǵ аଛБݤှ − x 2 + 3x + 3 = 0 Ǵள x =
3-281
QBSU JJJ;ଯЋᝡמ
1 ± 13
2/ ऩ x = ࢂ x 2 − x − k = 0 ٿޑਥǴ k >
2
ှ;
\lfz^ஒଛБݤߡё
1 ± 13
x=
2
2 x = 1 ± 13
2 x − 1 = ± 13
(2 x − 1) 2 = (± 13 ) 2
4 x 2 − 4 x + 1 = 13
4 x 2 − 4 x − 12 = 0
x2 − x − 3 = 0
Кၨ x 2 − x − k = 0
∴k = 3
BotǺ k = 3
ှ;
ջ∴ (a − 13) 2 − (13 − b) 2 = 0
BotǺ 0
3-282
4ǵҘǵΌٿΓӕှϡΒԛБำԄ 2 x 2 − x − 1 = x 2 + 4 x − 5 ၸำӵΠǴ
ҘǺ 2 x 2 − x − 1 = x 2 + 4 x − 5
ऊѐ ( x − 1) ⇒ 2x + 1 = x + 5
x=4
ΌǺ 2 x 2 − x − 1 = x 2 + 4 x − 5
x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 4) = 0
x = 1,4
ҘǵΌٿΓፔᒱΑǴ࡛ሶ@ׯ
ှǺ
ࢂБำԄှǴՠऊѐ ( x − 1) Ǵߡౢғ෧ਥǶࡌӃଷ x − 1 ό
ࣁ 1 ޑݩΠٿᜐёӕѐ ( x − 1)Ǵՠᔈҥڅӧനࡕံቪ x = 1 ೭
ঁਥǶ
3-283
34
5ǵऩ ax 2 − 2 x − 748 = 0 Ǵٿਥࣁ − 11, Ǵ a = ǶȐү :2 ୷ෳȑ
3
ှ;
34
x = −11, Ȑȑ
3
34
( x + 11)( x − )=0
3
( x + 11)(3 x − 34) = 0
3 x 2 − x − 374 = 0
6 x 2 − 2 x − 748 = 0
Кၨ ax 2 − 2 x − 748 = 0 ∴a = 6
BotǺ a = 6
ှ;
13 ⋅ 15 = (14 − 1)(14 + 1) = 14 2 − 1
x 2 − (14 2 − 1) x − 14 2 = 0
( x − 14 2 )( x + 1) = 0
x = 14 2 ,−1
x = 196,−1
∴ a = 196, b = −1
2a − b = 2 ⋅ 196 − (−1)
= 393
BotǺ 393
3-284
−2
7 ऩϡΒԛБำԄ (5 x − 3)(ax + b) = 32 ޑှࣁ 7, Ǵ a − b =
5
ှ;
−2
x = 7,
5
2
( x − 7)( x + ) = 0
5
( x − 7)(5 x + 2) = 0
5 x 2 − 33 x − 14 = 0 ǾǾǾǾǾǾǾǾɁ
Ȑٿᜐӕу 43ȑ
5 x 2 − 33 x − 14 + 32 = 32
5 x 2 − 33 x + 18 = 32
(5 x − 3)( x − 6) = 32
Кၨ (5 x − 3)(ax + b) = 32
∴ a = 1, b = −6
a − b = 1 − ( − 6) = 7
ȴќှȵ;வɁ໒ۈΨёҔନݤှᚒ
ޕ ax + b = x − 6
BotǺ 7
3-285
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ԜϡΒԛБำԄǻ
ှǺ
зٿਥࣁ 2r ,3r
∴ x = 2r ,3r
( x − 2r )( x − 3r ) = 0
x 2 − 5rx + 6r 2 = 0
∴ p = −5r , q = 6r 2
Ξ p 2 − 4q = 9
25r 2 − 24r 2 = 9
r2 = 9
∴ r = ±3
ࣁ܌x 2 − 15 x + 54 = 0
܈x 2 + 15 x + 54 = 0
BotǺ x 2 − 15 x + 54 = 0 ܈x 2 + 15 x + 54 = 0
3-286
3/ ऩϡΒԛБำԄٿޑਥϐКࣁ 3Ǻ4ǴЪղձԄ>:
ԜϡΒԛБำԄǻ
ှǺ
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 Ǵٿਥࣁ α , β
−b+ 9 −b+3
зα = =
2a 2a
−b− 9 −b−3
β= =
2a 2a
α Ǻ β = 3Ǻ4!!!!ps!!!!! α Ǻ β = 4Ǻ3
ள b = 15 !!!ps!! b = −15
Ξ b 2 − 4ac = 9
225 − 4ac = 9
216 = 4ac
54
=c
a
54
ள ax 2 ± 15 x + =0
a
Ԗคज़ӭಔှ
ٯӵ a = 3 ⇒ 3x 2 ± 15 x + 18 = 0
x 2 ± 5x + 6 = 0
a = 6 ⇒ 6 x 2 ± 15 x + 9 = 0
2x 2 ± 5x + 3 = 0
3-287
4/ς ޕx 2 − 3x + 1 = 0
1
)2* x 2 + =
x2
1
!!!!)3*! x − =
x
ှǺ
1 1
!!)2* x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0 !)ӕ४ *!! ⇒ x − 3 + = 0
x x
1
x+ =3
x
1
(x + )2 = 9
x
1 1
x 2 + 2x ⋅ + =9
x x2
1
∴ x2 + =7
x2
1 1 1
!!)3* ( x − ) 2 = x 2 + 2
− 2x ⋅
x x x
=7−2
=5
1
∴x− =± 5
x
BotǺ)2*!8!)3*! ± 5
3-288
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2!ǺЬᚒื
11
ግಞ 2.2 x = ±13 ግಞ 2.2 x = ±
2
11 1
ግಞ 3.2 x = 11,−1 ግಞ 3.3 x = ,−
2 2
5 9± 5
ግಞ 4.2 x = 3 ± 2 ግಞ 4.2 x = 3 ± ) ܈x = !*
3 3
14 2 ± 14
ግಞ 4.2 x = 1 ± ) ܈x = !*
2 2
− 7 ± 29
ግಞ 5.2 x = ግಞ 5.2 x = −3 ± 2
2
3 ± 41 1 ± 41 11 ± 61
ግಞ 7.2 x = ግಞ 7.3 x = ግಞ 7.4 x =
4 10 6
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
3 ± 21
)7*!14(a = 6, b = 8) !)8*!11 !)9*!! 40 !):* x =
2
)21* − 73,79
3-289
7.4!ϦԄှှϡΒԛБำԄ
QBSU!JǺЬᚒ
ЇଆᐒǺ
ӕᏢჹय़ଛБݤှϡΒԛБำԄǴࢂցགډှᚒၸำࢂ
ցԖ٤ϦԄϯǵ ᐒఓϯǻؒᒱǴࢂݮޑۓᡯՉǶ ࡽฅ
೭ኬǴॺךஒעѬϯǵϦԄϯǴᕴ่рှϡΒԛБำԄޑϦ
Ԅှ Ƕ
ڀᡏᆶϯޑКၨ
3x 2 + 5 x + 1 = 0 ax 2 + bx + c = 0
5 1 b c
x2 + x =− x2 + x =−
3 3 a a
5 25 25 1 b b2 b2 c
x2 + x+ = − x2 + x+ 2 = 2 −
3 36 36 3 a 4a 4a a
5 13 ± 13 2 b 2 b 2 − 4ac ± b 2 − 4ac 2
(x + )2 = =( ) (x + ) = = ( )
6 36 6 2a 4a 2 2a
5 ± 13 b ± b 2 − 4ac
x+ = x+ =
6 6 2a 2a
− 5 ± 13 − b ± b 2 − 4ac
x= x=
6 2a
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
ځύ x = ᆀࣁϡΒԛБำԄ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ޑȸϦ
2a
ԄှȹǶ
3-290
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
ጄ ٯ2Ǻ x=
2a
)2*аϦԄှǴှϡΒԛБำԄ 2 x 2 + 3x − 2 = 0
!!!Tufq!4!ǺжΕϦԄ x =
ှǺ
Tufq!2!Ǻ!!3!-4!-.3!
Tufq!3!Ǻ!!: − 4 ⋅ ).5*!>!36
− 3 ± 25
Tufq!4!Ǻ x=
4
−3±5
=
4
1
= , −2
2
!!!!!!!!Tufq!4!Ǻ x =
3-291
BotǺ
Tufq!2ǽ4!-.22!-4!
Tufq!3Ǻ232 − 4 ⋅ ):*!>!96
11 ± 85
Tufq!4Ǻ x =
6
ᏢಞཷۺǺ
ԋኧǴӆжΕϦԄှǴ೭ኬёᙁϯीᆉၸำǶ
аϦԄှǴှΠӈӚᚒǺ
ግಞ 3.2Ǻ x 2 − x − 1 = 0
−b± D
ግಞ 3.3Ǻ 4 x 2 − 12 x + 9 = 0 x= , D = b 2 − 4ac ᆀࣁȺ ղձԄ Ȼ
2a
ግಞ 3.4Ǻ 5 x 2 − x − 7 = 0
ࡌǺӃᆉр b 2 − 4ac ϐॶ
ግಞ 3.5Ǻ 3x 2 + 4 x − 1 = 0
3-292
ϡΒԛБำԄٿਥ܄፦
ϡΒԛБำԄ a 2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0) a, b, c ֡ࣁჴኧǴځှ
−b± D
x= , D = b 2 − 4ac ᆀࣁȸղձԄȹǶ ڗमЎ Ejtujohvjti!
2a
ղձޑಃঁӷ҆ E
คჴਥȹǴΞӢࣁ୯ύѝӧჴኧጄൎϣፕǴࡺΨԖ
௲ࣽਜቪȹคှȹǶȐ఼҅ځཀࢂӧჴኧጄൎϣค
ှȑ
−b± 0 −b −b
2ӵ݀ D = 0 Ǵ߾ٿਥ x = = , Ǵᆀȹख़ਥȹpsȹਥȹ
2a 2a 2 a
ջࢂٿਥ࣬Ƕ
−b+ D −b− D
3ӵ݀ D > 0 Ǵ߾ٿਥࣁ x = ,x = Ǵᆀȹ࣬ٿ౦ჴኧ
2a 2a
ှȹǴᙁᆀȹٿ౦ਥȹ
аΟ܄፦ޑፕ֡ёǶ
⎧คჴਥ ⇒ D < 0⎫
Ψ൩ࢂᇥǴ࣮ډᚒҞቪ ⎪⎨ਥ ⇒ D = 0 ⎪⎬ ӈԄှᚒ
⎪ٿ౦ਥ ⇒ D > 0 ⎪
⎩ ⎭
3-293
ጄ ٯ4;ှϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − 3x + 5 = 0
ှǺQ D = (−3) 2 − 4 ⋅ 5
= 9 − 20 ाעȹ.22ȹᆉрٰ
= −11 < 0
∴ x คှ
ግಞ 4.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ13x 2 − 7 x + 1 = 0
ግಞ 4.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ − 6 x 2 + 4 x − 3 = 0
ှǺ
Q ٿਥ࣬∴ D = 0
[−(a + 1)]2 − 4 ⋅ 36 = 0
(a + 1) 2 = 144
∴ a + 1 = ±12
a = −1 ± 12
a = 11,−13
3-294
ځჴϡΒԛБำԄਥǴ߾߄ҢӧѰᜐޑӭԄȐό֖
>1ȑѸࣁȹֹӄѳБԄȹǴࡺёҔ D = 0 ٰղࢂۓցࣁֹ
ӄѳБԄǶॹၸٰᇥǴऩςֹࣁځޕӄѳБԄǴҥջӈԄ
D=0
ှǺ
ֹӄѳБԄ ⇒ D = 0
b 2 − 4 ⋅ 49 = 0
b 2 = 196
∴b = ±14
ግಞ 6.2ǺӭԄ 4x 2 + ɍ x + 25 ࣁֹӄѳБԄǴ߾ɍ>ǻ
ግಞ 6.3ǺӭԄ16 x 2 − 24 x + ɍࣁֹӄѳБԄǴ߾ɍ>ǻ
3-295
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2ǵ ऩ x 2 − 4 x + k = 0 คჴਥǴ߾ k ёૈࢂΠӈՖኧǻ)B*6!!)C*5!!
)D*1!!)E*.5
3ǵ ऩ kx 2 + 12 x + (k − 5) = 0 ԖਥǴ߾ k ёૈࢂǻ)B*.:!!)C*.5!!)D*6!!
)E*23
4ǵ аϦԄှ 5 x 2 − 12 = 11x Ǵ߾ x =
6ǵ аϦԄှ 2 x 2 + x + 1 = 0 Ǵ߾ x =
7ǵ аϦԄှ 3x 2 − 2 x = 7 Ǵ߾ x =
8ǵ аϦԄှ x 2 − 3x − 1 = 0 ǴЪ x < 0 Ǵ߾ x =
9ǵ x = ਔǴ x 2 + 5 x ॶޑ ܭ22
3-296
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
2/ ۓက a ∗ b = a ⋅ (b + 1) Ǵऩ 8 ∗ x = x 2 ∗ 3 Ǵ
x =
ှǺ
8 ∗ x = 8 ⋅ ( x + 1) = 8 x + 8
x 2 ∗ 3 = x 2 ⋅ (3 + 1) = 4 x 2
8x + 8 = 4 x 2
x 2 − 2x − 2 = 0
x = 1± 3
= 4k 2 − 8k + 4 − 4k 2 − 4 ǾǾǾǾǾǾǾǾ)3*
= − 8k ǾǾǾǾǾǾǾǾ)4*
Q − 8k < 0 ǾǾǾǾǾǾǾǾ)5*
∴ คှ ǾǾǾǾǾǾǾǾ)6*
ፎୢ)2*)6*ՖԄ໒ۈᒱᇤǴ٠҅ׯ
ှǺ
3-297
4/ऩ x 2 + x − 1 = 0 ٿޑਥࣁ a, b Ǵ a + b =
ှǺ
−1+ 5 −1− 5
a+b = +
2 2
−1+ 5 1+ 5
= +
2 2
2 5
=
2
= 5
Bot; 5
ှǺ
x 2 − 1 = 2006 ⋅ 2008
x 2 − 1 = (2007 − 1)(2007 + 1)
x 2 − 1 = 2007 2 − 1
∴ x 2 = 2007 2
x = ±2007
BotǺ x = ±2007
3-298
6/ α ࣁ x 2 − x − 1 = 0 ޑਥǴ( α + 2)(α − 5)(α − 3)(α + 4) ϐॶ>
ှǺ
ஒ x = α жΕ α 2 − α − 1 = 0
∴α 2 − α = 1
(α + 2)(α − 5)(α − 3)(α + 4)
= (α + 2)(α − 3)(α − 5)(α + 4)
= (α 2 − α − 6)(α 2 − α − 20)
= (1 − 6)(1 − 20)
= 95
ঁǶ
ှǺ
ٿਥࣁ α , β
߾ ( x − α )( x − β ) = 0
x 2 − (α + β ) x + αβ = 0
ޕα + β = 54 ǴЪ α , β ֡ࣁ፦ኧ
!!!!65>8,58
>22,54
!!!!!!>24,52
!!!!!!>28,48
!!!!!!>34,42
3-299
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏ઠ
ԛ߯ኧࢂଽኧਔǴϦԄёӆᙁϯ
2/ှϡΒԛБำԄ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Ǵ a ≠ 0 Δ b ࣁଽኧ
ှǺ з b = 2k
D = (2k ) 2 − 4 ⋅ ac
= 4 ⋅ (k 2 − ac)
− b ± 4 ⋅ (k 2 − ac)
∴x =
2a
− 2k ± 2 k 2 − ac
=
2a
2(−k ± k 2 − ac )
=
2a
− k ± k 2 − ac b
= !!!)з D ′ = k 2 − ac = ( ) 2 − ac *
a 2
೭ኬǴё෧Ͽीᆉၸำ
3/ှϡΒԛБำԄ 3x 2 − 4 x − 5 = 0
ှǺ D' = 4 + 15 = 19
2 ± 19
x=
3
3-300
4/ ှϡΒԛБำԄ 5 x 2 + 6 x − 3 = 0
ှǺ D ' = 9 − 4 ⋅ (−15) = 69
− 3 ± 69
x=
5
ऩ1 − 2 ࢂ x 2 + px + 1 = 0 ޑਥ߾ќਥࣁ1 + 2 ǴόѸᆉёޔௗ
− 2b ± (b 2 − 4ac)
ቪเǼӢࣁ x = ⇒ ٿਥѝԖਥဦޑ಄ဦ࣬౦ǴԜ
2a
ᚒϼᙁൂΑ""
ࢂݤց҅ዴǻǴ२Ӄஒ x = 1 − 2 жΕ
(1 − 2 ) 2 + p (1 − 2 ) + 1 = 0
1 − 2 2 + 2 + 1 + (1 − 2 ) p = 0
4 − 2 2 = ( 2 − 1) p
4−2 2
p=
2 −1
(4 − 2 2 )( 2 + 1)
∴p=
( 2 − 1)( 2 + 1)
ளp=2 2
ќਥࢂցࣁ 1 + 2 ǻ
3-301
ှ ݤ2ǺΜӷҬ४ݤ
x 2 + 2 2x + 1 = 0
( x + 2 − 1)( x − 2 + 1) = 0
x = 1 − 2 Ǵ1 + 2
܌аќਥࣁ 1 + 2
ှ ݤ3Ǻ x 2 + 2 2 x = −1
ȐଛБݤȑ x 2 + 2 2x + 2 = 2 − 1
( x + 2 ) 2 = 1 = (±1) 2
x + 2 = ±1
x = − 2 ±1
܌аќਥࣁ − 1 − 2
ှ ݤ4Ǻ b 2 − 4ac = (2 2 ) 2 − 4 = 4
−2 2 ± 4
ȐϦԄှȑ x =
2
−2 2 ±2
=
2
= − 2 ±1
ࡺќਥࣁ − 1 − 2
࡛@܁ڻሶ೭ኬۭډ@ګবঁωࢂ҅ዴޑǻ
ऩϡΒԛБำԄ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a ≠ 0 ǴЪ a ǵ b ǵ c ֡ࣁԖኧǴ
߾ٿਥѸࣁ d + e ᆶ d − e
3-302
ऩϡΒԛБำԄ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Ǵa ≠ 0 ٿޑਥࣁ d + e ᆶ d − e ځύ d
ᆶ e ࣁԖኧǴ e ≥ 0 Ǵ߾ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ѸࣁԖ߯ኧБำԄ)ջ a, b, c ࣁ
Ԗኧ*
QgǺԾ
ϸϐऩϡΒԛБำԄ ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Ǵ a ≠ 0 Ǵ a, b, c ࣁԖኧǴ߾ٿਥ
ࣁd + e ᆶd − e
QgǺԾ
ግಞ 2.2ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ13x 2 − 7 x + 1 = 0
ግಞ 2.3ǺှϡΒԛБำԄ − 6 x 2 + 4 x − 3 = 0
3-303
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!JǺЬᚒ
1± 5 3 3
ግಞ 3.2 x = ግಞ 3.3 x = ,
2 2 2
1 ± 141 −2± 7
ግಞ 3.4 x = ግಞ 3.5 x =
10 3
ግಞ 6.2 ± 20 ግಞ 6.3 :
ግಞ 6.4 ± 3
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
4 1
)2*!B!!)3*!C!)4*! 3,− !!!!)5* ,−3 !)6*!คჴਥ
5 2
1 ± 22 3 − 13 − 5 ± 69
)7*! !)8*! !)9*!!
3 2 2
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏ઠ
ግಞ 6.2 ± 20
ግಞ 6.3:
ግಞ 6.4 ± 9
3-304
7.5!ᔈҔୢᚒ
QBSU!2ǺЬᚒื
य़ᑈୢᚒ ;
ှǺ
ቨࣁ x ϦЁ
x ⋅ ( x + 5) = 36
x 2 + 5 x − 36 = 0
( x − 4) ⋅ ( x + 9) = 0
x = 4, x = −9 !)όӝǴӢࣁߏࡋؒԖॄ*ޑ
( = ߏڬ4 + 9) ⋅ 2 = 26
BotǺ37 ϦЁ
ࡘԵǺࣁՖเਢр.:ǻ
Ӣࣁ (−4) ⋅ (−9) = 36 ǴჹϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 + 5 x − 36 = 0 ٰ
ᇥǴѸԖঁٿှǶѝࢂ.: ϦЁόӝჴሞғࢲǴ܌аᔈ௭
కǶ
3-305
ጄ ٯ3ǺఊβӦǴΠۭКଯӭ 3 ϦЁǴଯΞКۭӭ 3 ϦЁǴऩ
य़ᑈࣁ 5: ѳБϦЁǴଯࣁӭϿϦЁǻ
ှǺ
ۭࣁ x ϦЁ
߾ଯࣁȐ x + 2 ȑϦЁ
ΠۭࣁȐ x + 4 ȑϦЁ
( x + x + 4) ⋅ ( x + 2)
= 49
2
2( x + 2) ⋅ ( x + 2)
= 49
2
( x + 2) 2 = 49 = (±7) 2
∴ x + 2 = ±7
x = −2 ± 7
x = 5,−9 )όӝ*
ଯࣁ 6,3>8
BotǺ8 ϦЁ
x 2 − 106 x + 309 = 0
( x − 3)( x − 103) = 0
BotǺ4 ϦЁ
3-306
ጄ ٯ5Ǻஒ҅Οޑفᜐߏᡂࣁচٰ 3 ७Ǵќᜐ෧Ͽ 2 ϦЁǴಃ
ёӈԄ) *2 , ) *2 > ) *2
!!!!!!!)4*فޔΟفय़ᑈ> ѳБϦЁ
ှǺ
)2*!3 x Ǵ x − 1 Ǵ 3x − 5
!!!!!)3* (2 x) 2 + ( x − 1) 2 = (3 x − 5) 2
4 x 2 + x 2 − 2 x + 1 = 9 x 2 − 30 x + 25
4 x 2 − 28 x + 24 = 0
x2 − 7x + 6 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 6) = 0
∴ x = 1, x = 6
!!!!!!!!!) x = 1 όӝQ ٬ x − 1 = 0 *
!!!!!)4*فޔΟفϐᜐߏࣁ 23-6-24
12 ⋅ 5
य़ᑈ = = 30
2
3-307
ጄ ٯ6ǺጋޑλཥǴӧᆉࢌኧޑѳБਔǴᇤᆉࣁ၀ኧ ޑ3 ७Ǵ܌
ޑเਢК҅ዴเਢϿ 786Ǵ߾ࢌኧࣁӭϿǻ
ှǺࢌኧࣁ x
2 x = x 2 − 675
x 2 − 2 x + 1 = 676
( x − 1) 2 = 676 = (±26) 2
x − 1 = ±26
x = 1 ± 26
x = 27,−25
3-308
ጄ ٯ7Ǻς ޕAB = 1ǴC ӧ AB ( AC > BC )
ှǺ
з AC > x Ǵ߾ BC = 1 − x
Ξ AB Ǻ AC = AC Ǻ BC
1 Ǻ x = x Ǻ (1 − x)
x2 = 1− x
x2 + x −1 = 0
−1± 5
٩ϦԄှ x = !!)ॄόӝ*
2
Ȑɭ1/729ȑ
5 −1
BotǺ
2
3-309
ጄ ٯ8ǺऩંϪ҅БǴഭΠંޑᆶচં࣬՟Ǵ߾ᆀԜં
ࣁߎંǶӧᡣٰॺךᆉΠߎંޑቨǺߏޑК
ॶǶ
ှǺ
зં ࣁߏlǴቨࣁ wǴ)!l ?!w *
w l−w
٩ߎંೕۓ =
l w
w l w
= −
l w w
w 1 l 1
з = t Ǵ t = −1 Ȑ = ȑ
l t w t
t2 = 1− t
t 2 + t −1 = 0
−1± 5
∴t = Ȑॄόӝȑɭ1/729
2
ϩǴ٬ளഭΠੇޑൔરǴቨǺߏ>6Ǻ9 ௗ߈ߎКޑКٯ
)1/729*ǴፎୢԿϿा෧ӭϿѳБϦϩޑરǻ
3-310
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
3/فޔΟفΟᜐߏࣁೱុଽኧǴ௹ᜐޑଯ>
4/λཥϤԃࡕޑԃស࡞ࣁѐԃԃសޑѳБӆуϖྃǴλཥԃ
ྃǶ
5/ΟೱុଽኧޑѳБ ࣁک6:7ǴԜΟଽኧࣁ
9/λ҅БϦ༜۳Ѧᑐ 3 ϦЁޑၰǶςޕၰय़ᑈ
ᆶλ҅Бय़ᑈ࣬Ǵλ҅Бᜐߏ>
ϦЁǶ
3-311
QBSU!JJJǺଯЋᝡמ
2/λऔߓکዧӕှ x 2 ߯ኧࣁ 2 ޑϡΒԛБำԄǴ่݀λऔѝ࣮ᒱ
x ߯ኧǴှள x = 3,−4 ǹԶߓዧѝ࣮ᒱதኧǴှр x = 3,8 Ǵ
၂Ȑ2ȑ҅ዴБำԄࣁ
Ȑ3ȑ҅ዴٿਥ
ှǺ
λऔǺ x = 3,−4
( x − 3)( x + 4) = 0
x 2 + x − 12 = 0 ⇒ ዴۓதኧǺ.23
λዧǺ x = 3,8
( x − 3)( x − 8) = 0
x = −1,12
BotǺ)2* x 2 − 11x − 12 = 0
!!!!!)3* x = −1,12
3-312
3/ऩ x 2 + x − 1 = 0 ٿޑਥࣁ a, b Ǵ a + b =
ှǺ
−1± 5 −1+ 5 −1− 5
җϦԄှ x = Ǵٿਥ ,
2 2 2
−1+ 5 −1− 5
a+b = +
2 2
−1+ 5 1+ 5
= +
2 2
2 5
=
2
= 5
BotǺ 5
4ǵӵკǴޔጕ M Ԗ B ᗺ֤
(4t + 2,5t ) Ǵӧಃຝज़ϣǴ c ࢂ M
ᆶ x ືҬᗺǴऩ ΔABC य़ᑈࣁ 21 ѳ
БൂՏǴ t ϐॶࣁՖǻ
ှǺ
c ᗺ y ֤>1
∴ 5t = 0, t = 0
ள 4t + 2 = 2
ࡺ c(2,0)
AB = 5t
BC = 4t + 2 − 2 = 4t
1
⋅ AB ⋅ BC = 10
2
1
⋅ 4t ⋅ 5t = 10
2
∴t 2 = 1
t = ±1 Ȑॄόӝȑ
BotǺ2
3-313
5/ऩϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − kx + 14 = 0 ٿޑਥ֡ࣁኧǴ߾ k ܌Ԗёૈॶ>
ှǺ
٩ΜӷҬ४ ݤ14 = 1 ⋅ 14 = (−1) ⋅ (−14) = 2 ⋅ 7 = (−2) ⋅ (−7)
k = ±15
k = ±9
∴ k = ±9,±15
BotǺ ± 9,±15
6/ऩϡΒԛБำԄ x 2 − x + t = 0Ȑ t ࣁኧȑٿޑਥ֡ࣁኧǴ߾ t ё
ૈॶԖ ঁ
ှǺ
ёϩԋ
t = −2 t = −6 t = −12
Ԗคज़ӭᅿёૈ
∴ t ёૈԖคज़ӭঁ
BotǺ t ёૈԖคज़ӭঁ
3-314
QBSU!JWǺၗྍံ๏
ёԋં༏@
ંβӦ BCDEǴவϣ໒៘ቨٿၰၡǴፎୢ
ഭΠޑѤ༧ǴૈցԋߏБ@
เਢ#όۓ#
ύ໔Ԗࢰޜ
ନߚǴԿϿԖచၰၡѳՉߏ܈ቨǴഭΠޑѤ༧ωૈԋќঁંǶ
2/҅ϖࢃفύǴ ΔPAE = 1
Ԝ҅ϖޑفय़ᑈ>
ှǺ
5 −1
PA : AB = 1 :
2
5 −1
Ξ ΔPAE : ΔBAE = 1 : !)Ӣࣁӕଯ*
2
5 −1
= ܌6 ⋅ 1 + 2 ⋅
2
= 5+ 5
BotǺ 5 + 5
3-315
5 −1
3/ऩ x = Ǵ߾ x 4 + x 3 + 2 x + 1 ϐॶ>
2
ှǺ
5 −1
x=
2
2x = 5 − 1
2 x + 1 = 5 ǾǾǾǾǾ)2*
(2 x + 1) 2 = ( 5 ) 2
4x 2 + 4x + 1 = 5
x 2 + x = 1 ǾǾǾǾǾǾ)3*
җ)2*)3*ޕ
x 4 + x3 + 2x + 1
= x 2 ( x 2 + x) + 5
= x2 + 5
5 −1 2
=( ) + 5
2
6−2 5
= + 5
4
3+ 5
=
2
3+ 5
BotǺ
2
3-316
کύᏢғፋߎКٯ
வᆛၡཛྷ൨ȹߎКٯȹрനӭޑᆛઠഖࢂکȹ࣓݅דȹǵȹ
෧ޥȹ࣬ᜢޑЬᚒǴᡣॺךόளόӆख़ཥቩຎȹߎКٯȹჹжΓ
ޑϣ఼ᆶΓӧ᛬ೌޑཀကբКၨǶ
ՖᒏߎКٯ
עጕࢤϩԋࢤٿǴ٬ځύၨεޑࢤࢂচጕࢤᆶၨλጕࢤޑК
ٯύǴ൩ћբȹע೭ጕࢤߎϩപȹȐHpmefo!tfdujpoȑǶ
ӵკǴз AB = 1 ǵ AT = x
1 x
߾ BT = 1 − x Ǵऩᅈ= ى Ǵ߾ᆀ U ᗺࣁ AB ϐߎϩപᗺ
x 1− x
−1± 5
ှள x = Ȑॄόӝȑ
2
= 0.618033989 ߈ڗ՟ॶ
1/729!!)!ps!1/73!*
ԜКॶȐջ 1/729ȑӧѦ୯ᆀࣁύѦКǵύ҃КǵߎКǵߎ
Ǵђжύ୯ᆀࣁȹ۰ϩപȹǶ
ԶȹߎϩപȹԜऍӜǴᏵᇥࢂኻࢪЎ᛬ൺᑫਔයǴҗကεճ᛬
ೌৎၲЎՋ߷܌ޑǶ
ځჴيႽۆۆ࣓דԋߎКޑٯǴჹܿБΓٰᇥࡐϿΓ಄
ӝǶѬࢂՋБΓޑКٯၸεኞޑΚໆமуӧζي܄ޑᆙ⢪
ڣǴ্ளࡐӭζ܄ӕझࣁၲԜҞԶȹԾसȹǴՖѸګǻՖيݩԭ
ϩϐΖΜϖࢂҗᒪޑڋǴаΠࢂ߾ࣁঅ҅ѦᢀၲډߎКޑٯ
ٯηǴፎӚՏӕᏢբբ࣮Ǻ
3-317
ۓကъغࢂيᙏډᓐഗࡋߏޑǴΠъغࢂيᙏ
ډဌۭȐᎠۭȑࡋߏޑǶъيǺΠъيϐКॶࣁ
1/73!!ਔǴᆀࣁȹߎيȹǶ Ϟߓيکଯ!!279!!
dnǴΠъ ي211!dnǴ߾ᔈऀ Ϧ
ϩޑଯၟᎠǴωૈ ᡣѦᢀ࣮ଆٰࢂȹߎيȹǶ Ȑ٩
Ѥ௭ϖΕݤǴډڗኧՏȑ
tpmǺзᎠଯࣁ!y!Ϧϩ
168 − 100
߾ = 0.62
100 + x
68 = 62 + 0.62 x
ள y!ɭ!:/7!ɭ!21!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!BotǺ21!dn
ߎКࡽٯฅ೭ሶઓǼٗሶࡐӭ٣ߡނགྷᆶѬݠᜐǴаගଯ
ሽǴϕࢂ่݀ޑᡣ 1/729 ׳ઓϯǶᖐٯᇥܴ৻ηޑفᔈࢂӭ
Ͽࡋǻω࣮ଆٰനȹऍȹǶ
θ
tpm!Ǻ = 0.62
360 − θ
θ = 223.2 − 0.62θ
1.62θ = 223.2
θ = 137.7
ڗθ ɭ249
3-318
ដᒮՉҢដᒮ٩ஒਔ໔ፓӧΜᗺΜϩǴԖ
Γᇥ೭ኬ࣮ଆٰКၨႽߎКǴԖΓᇥႽയճȹW
ȹ܈ȹ༾ઢȹΨԖΓᇥΜӄΜऍǶόᆅ࡛ኬǴፎ
ᆉрٿଞ֨فӭϿࡋ
Bot!Ǻ !!226ʨ
ೱШࣚԖӜࡌޑᑐΨ٩ྣȹઓޑКٯȹٰᇂǴӵѠчᕴ۬Ǵষ
Ϸߎӷ༣Ǵݤ୯ޑЃᎿ៓༣Ǵम୯ޑқߎᅇǴӑࡋੀৃഊǴ׆ᛪ
ڂઓ྅ǾǴ๏Γॺᅿᛙख़کᒋޑགǶ
ߎં
ऩંϪ҅БǴഭΠંޑᆶচં࣬՟Ǵ߾ᆀԜંࣁ
ߎંǶӧᡣٰॺךᆉΠߎંޑቨǺߏޑКॶǶ
3-319
ં ࣁߏmǴቨࣁ xǴз!)!m!?!x!*
w l−w
٩ߎંೕۓ =
l w
w l w
= −
l w w
w 1
з = t Ǵ t = −1
l t
2
t = 1− t
t 2 + t −1 = 0
−1± 5
∴t = Ȑॄόӝȑɭ1/729
2
!!!!!!!!!!!!!)! m>2!!߾ xɭ1/729*
ߎંืޑЊӧፕᔈ၀നڙදᛥε܌഻ངǴՠቺ୯ԖՏ
௲ǴฝрόӕКืޑٯЊǴᡣεᏢғ౻ᒧന഻ރޑǴ่݀ၨಒ
ߏࠠืޑЊ௨ಃӜǴߎંӜӈ٥ैǼёૈڙж᛬ೌޑቹៜǴ
ԃᇸΓၨངȹԖࠠȹޑ٣ނǼ
ኻԀЎ᛬ൺᑫਔ໔Ǵӭεޑᓁ༟ࠔǴΨ٩ߎКٯബբǴ
ӵεፁᓁႽǴඵችζઓڂিǴϼઓߓݢᛥ Ǵ೭٤ᓁႽѦᢀ൳Я
ೀೀ٩ྣߎКǶ
᠋ᇥΓᜪูٽޑ٢УኧҞǴᆶԋԃΓࡡޑУኧҞϐКΨࢂߎ
КǴᡣٰॺךᆉΠǼ
ςޕԋԃΓ㚌Уኧࣁ 43 ᗭȐ֖ඵᏁȑǴԶޑูٽ٢УኧҞǺԋ
ԃΓޑ㚌Уኧ!>!1/729Ǵ٢УӅ ᗭ
tpmǺ٢УӅ y ᗭ
x
= 0.618 ∴ yɨ 32 ⋅ 0.618
32
ɨ2:/887
ɭ31
3-320
ነϺεኴӧߎϩപᗺуచဈǴ٬ঁεኴ࣮ଆٰ׳ᡉр
ጏύᗺࢲዃǴᐱୠᄺЋઠӧᆸѠޑߎϩപᗺ๏ΓགനەǴॣ
ៜਏ݀ΨࢂനӳȐځჴઠӧӅሳᗺ׳ӳȑǴྣܡТਔǴ٩ߎКթֽǴ
᠋ᇥനܰளዛǻǻ
ߎΟف
ഗ ࣁف47ʨޑဈΟفǴفۭٿځёᆉр֡ 83ʨǴፎᆉрۭ
ᜐᆶဈߏϐКॶǴόΞࢂߎКǻ
ဈɆBCDǴഗفɸB!>!47ʨǴз AB = AC = 1 Ǵ
BC = !!!!!/!!
ځჴ҅ϖᜐჹفጕ܌ԋޑϖࢃفύǴೀೀ
−1+ 5
ӸӧȹߎК ȹ
2
QTǺԜϖࢂࢃفМᏢࢴޑຝቻᔇകǴж߄ȹ଼
நȹ
3-321
ӕᏢգճҔЁೕբკǴ
ӕᏢգճҔЁೕբკǴբ҅ϖᜐ༏
բ҅ϖᜐ༏ǻ
ᜐ༏ǻ
Ӄᇥђжύ୯ࢂӵՖբȹࡐႽ҅ϖᜐޑϖ
ᜐȹαࢂȨΐϖഗϖΐǴΖϖϩٿᜐȩǴБ
ࢂݤӃቪঁγεϻޑȹγȹǴКٯӵѓკ܌
ҢǴӆ٩ׇೱԋȹ҅ϖᜐȹǶ
ࡐᒪᏬޑѬόࢂঁ҅҅ޑϖᜐȐՠςߚதௗ߈ȑǴΠय़
ॺך௲գӵՖճҔߎΟٰفЁೕբკǴฝр҅ϖفǶ
1+ 5
ȘșճҔ҅ϖᜐ ჹفጕǺᜐߏ ޑКॶ Ǵऩᜐߏࣁ AB = 1 Ǵ
2
1+ 5
аЁೕբკբ AD = ߡёǶ
2
Șςޕș AB = 1
ȘբșǺբ҅ϖᜐ!!BCDEF
բݤǺ
2/ ڗAB ύᗺ O
3/ ၸ B բޔጕ L ⊥ AB Ǵӧ L ڗBP = 1
4/ а O ࣁ༝ЈǴ OP ࣁъ৩Ǵฝ۱Ҭ AB ۯ
ߏጕ ܭK
5/ ϩձа BǵC ࣁ༝ЈǴ AK ࣁъ৩ǴӚฝ۱Ҭ ܭE
6/ ϩձа!!BǵCǵE ࣁ༝ЈǴ AB ࣁъ৩ǴӚฝ۱Ҭ ܭDǵ́
7/ ೱ BC ǵ CD ǵ DE ǵ EA
8/ ϖᜐ BCDEF ջࣁ܌
1+ 5 −1+ 5
QTǺԖΓᆀ ɭ2/729 ࣁߎКǴΨԖΓᆀ ɭ1/729 ࣁߎ
2 2
1 + 5 ( −1 + 5 )
КǴՠ ⋅ = 1 ٿኧࣁॹኧᜢسǴΨ൩ࢂ 1.618 ⋅ 0.618 ɭ2
2 2
3-322
ӵѓკ҅ޑϖࢃفύǴૈډפ൳ঁΟفǻ
Tpm!ǺஒӚϩጓဦ
ঁဦዸޑΟفԖǺ21 ঁ
ঁٿဦዸޑΟفԖǺ21 ঁ
ΟঁဦዸޑΟفԖǺ21 ঁ
ѤঁဦዸޑΟفԖǺ1!!!ঁ
ϖঁဦዸޑΟفԖǺ6!!!ঁ
10 + 10 + 10 + 0 + 5 = 35 ӅԖ 46 ঁ
ᖱΑ೭ሶӭߎКޑȹઓ၉ڻȹǴӳႽࢂऍϯ٣ޑނ៥ೌኧ
ӷǶӵΓᡏᡏྕ 48ʨǴ४а 1/729 ऊࣁ 34ʨࢂᙴࣚᇡۓΓᡏགന
ࡋྕޑǶՠঁΓᡏ፦όӕǴፔૈߥۓӝգǻΞӵર
ǵ୯ᄡቨᆶߏޑКॶΨࡐᜤ֍࣬ډפӝޑǴӆᇥӵ݀ऍೌǵ᛬ೌബ
բाߎКϯǴٗό൩ڋܭԄϯΑǴ೭Ԗᐱ܄ǵӭኬ܄ёق༏ǻ
ᕴϐቩऍᢀࢂࡐঁΓϯǵਔжϯޑǴᏱԖԾςݤ࣮ޑ٠ૈᇥр഻
ӳޑҗǴКଆΥ٣ઓϯٰޑख़ाǶ
3-323
ှเጇǺ
QBSU!2!ǺЬᚒื
ግಞ 6 ± 7 !)ගҢǺ 2 x 2 = (2 x) 2 − 98 *!!!!!!
ግಞ 82:31 cm 2
160 : (112 − x) = 8 : 5
8 ⋅ (112 − x) = 160 ⋅ 5
112 − x = 100
x = 12
12 ⋅ 160 = 1920
QBSU!JJǺᏢಞᔠෳઠ
2/!)B*!!!
24
3/!
5
4/!4!!!
5/!23-25-27 ܈.27-.25-.23
6/!22-24
7/!.2
b b
8/ ,
a a
9/ 4 + 4 2
15
:/!
2
21/!18 2 , 2
3-324