Xuyen Lo

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
MUC LUC
trang
LI M AU
CHNG I : TONG QUAN.........................................
I . LY THUYET VE CHNG CAT
1 . Phng phap chng cat
2 . Thiet b chng cat:
II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU
1 . Etanol
2 . Nc
3 . Hon hp Etanol Nc
III . CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ETANOL NC
CHNG II : CAN BANG VAT CHAT
I . CAC THONG SO BAN AU
II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM NH VA
SAN PHAM AY
III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP
1 . T so hoan lu toi thieu
2 . T so hoan lu thch hp
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIEC SO MAM LY
THUYET
1 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec cua oan
cat
2 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec cua oan
chng
3 . So mam ly thuyet
V . XAC NH SO MAM THC TE
CHNG III :TNH TOAN THIET KE THAP CHNG
CAT
I . NG KNH THAP
1 . ng knh oan cat
2 . ng knh oan chng
II . MAM LO TR LC CUA MAM
1 . Cau tao mam lo
2 . o giam ap cua pha kh qua mot mam
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
3 . Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong :

III . TNH TOAN C KH CUA THAP
1 . Be day than thap :
2 . ay va nap thiet b :
3 . Bch ghep than, ay va nap :
4 . ng knh cac ong dan Bch ghep cac ong
dan :
5 . Tai treo va chan :
CHNG IV : TNH TOAN THIET B TRUYEN
NHIET- THIET B PHU
I . CAC THIET B TRUYEN NHIET
1 . Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh
2 . Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh
3 . Noi un gia nhiet san pham ay
4 . Thiet b trao oi nhiet gia nhap lieu va san
pham ay
5 . Thiet gia nhiet nhap lieu
II . TNH TOAN BM NHAP LIEU
1 . Tnh chieu cao bon cao v
2 . Chon bm
CHNG V : GIA THANH THIET B
I . TNH S BO GIA THANH CUA THIET B
II . KET LUAN
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
LI M AU
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Mot trong nhng nganh co s ong gop to ln en

nganh cong nghiep nc ta noi rieng va the gii noi
chung, o la nganh cong nghiep hoa hoc. ac biet la
nganh hoa chat c ban.
Hien nay, trong nhieu nganh san suat hoa hoc cung nh
s dung san pham hoa hoc, nhu cau s dung nguyen lieu
hoac san pham co o tinh khiet cao phai phu hp vi quy
trnh san suat hoac nhu cau s dung.
Ngay nay, cac phng phap c s dung e nang cao o
tinh khiet: trch ly, chng cat, co ac, hap thu Tuy theo ac
tnh yeu cau cua san pham ma ta co s la chon phng
phap thch hp. oi vi he Etanol - Nc la 2 cau t tan
lan hoan toan, ta phai dung phng phap chng cat e
nang cao o tinh khiet cho Etanol.
o an mon hoc Qua trnh va Thiet b la mot mon hoc
mang tnh tong hp trong qua trnh hoc tap cua cac ky s
hoa- th c pham tng lai. Mon hoc giup sinh vien giai
quyet nhiem vu tnh toan cu the ve: yeu cau cong nghe,
ket cau, gia thanh cua mot thiet b trong san xuat hoa
chat - thc pham. ay la bc au tien e sinh vien van
dung nhng kien thc a hoc cua nhieu mon hoc vao giai
quyet nhng van e ky thuat thc te mot cach tong
hp.
Nhiem vu cua AMH la thiet ke thap chng cat he Etanol
- Nc hoat ong lien tuc vi nang suat nhap lieu : 1500
kg/h co nong o 15% mol etanol ,thu c san pham nh
co nong o 85% mol etanol vi o thu hoi etanol la 99%.
Em chan thanh cam n cac qu thay co bo mon May &
Thiet B, cac ban sinh vien a giup em hoan thanh o an
nay. Tuy nhien, trong qua trnh hoan thanh o an khong
the khong co sai sot, em rat mong qu thay co gop y, ch
dan.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
CHNG I : TONG QUAN.

I . LY THUYET VE CHNG CAT:
1 . Phng phap chng cat :
Chng cat la qua trnh phan tach hon hp long (hoac

kh long) thanh cac cau t rieng biet da vao s khac
nhau ve o bay hi cua chung (hay nhiet o soi khac nhau
cung ap suat), bang cach lap i lap lai nhieu lan qua
trnh bay hi - ngng tu, trong o vat chat i t pha long vao
pha hi hoac ngc lai. Khac vi co ac, chng cat la qua
trnh trong o ca dung moi va chat tan eu bay hi, con co
ac la qua trnh trong o ch co dung moi bay hi.
Khi chng cat ta thu c nhieu cau t va thng th bao
nhieu cau t se thu c bay nhieu san pham. Neu xet
he n gian ch co 2 he cau t th ta thu c 2 san
pham: san pham nh chu yeu gom gom cau t co o
bay hi ln (nhiet o soi nho ), san pham ay chu yeu
gom cau t co o bay hi be(nhiet o soi ln) .oi vi
he Etanol - Nc san pham nh chu yeu gom etanol va
mot t nc , ngc lai san pham ay chu yeu gom nc
va mot t etanol.
Cac phng phap chng cat: c phan loai theo:
Ap suat lam viec : chng cat ap suat thap, ap suat
thng va ap suat cao. Nguyen tac cua phng phap
nay la da vao nhiet o soi cua cac cau t, neu
nhiet o soi cua cac cau t qua cao th ta giam ap
suat lam viec e giam nhiet o soi cua cac cau
t.
Nguyen ly lam viec: lien tuc, gian oan(chng n
gian) va lien tuc.
* Chng cat n gian(gian oan): phng phap nay
uc s dung trong cac trng hp sau:
+ Khi nhiet o soi cua cac cau t khac xa nhau.
+ Khong oi hoi san pham co o tinh khiet cao.
+ Tach hon hp long ra khoi tap chat khong bay
hi.
+ Tach s bo hon hp nhieu cau t.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
* Chng cat hon hp hai cau t (dung thiet b hoat

ong lien tuc) la qua trnh c thc hien lien tuc,
nghch dong, nheu oan.
Phng phap cat nhiet ay thap: cap nhiet trc
tiep bang hi nc: thng c ap dung trng hp
chat c tach khong tan trong nc .
Vay: oi vi he Etanol Nc, ta chon phng phap
chng cat lien tuc cap nhiet gian tiep bang noi un
ap suat thng.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
2 . Thiet b chng cat:
Trong san xuat thng s dung rat nhieu loai thap

nhng chung eu co mot yeu cau c ban la dien tch be
mat tiep xuc pha phai ln ,ieu nay phu thuoc vao o
phan tan cua lu chat nay vao lu chat kia .
Thap chng cat rat phong phu ve kch c va ng
dung ,cac thap ln nhat thng c ng dung trong cong
nghiep loc hoa dau. Kch thc cua thap : ng knh thap
va chieu cao thap tuy thuoc suat lng pha long, pha kh
cua thap va o tinh khiet cua san pham. Ta khao sat 2
loai thap chng cat thng dung la thap mam va thap
chem.
Thap mam: than thap hnh tru, thang ng pha trong
co gan cac mam co cau tao khac nhau e chia than
thap thanh nhng oan bang nhau, tren mam pha long
va pha hi c cho tiep xuc vi nhau. Tuy theo cau tao
cua a, ta co:
* Thap mam chop : tren mam bo tr co chep
dang:tron ,xu bap ,ch s
* Thap mam xuyen lo: tren mam bo tr cac lo co
ng knh (3-12) mm.
Thap chem(thap em): thap hnh tru, gom nhieu
oan noi vi nhau bang mat bch hay han. Vat chem
c cho vao thap theo mot trong hai phng phap: xep
ngau nhien hay xep th t.
* So sanh u va nhc iem cua cac loai thap :
u iem:
Nhc
iem:
Thap mam
Thap chem. xuyen lo.
- Hieu suat tng
- n gian.
oi cao.
- Tr lc
- Hoat ong kha
thap.
on nh.
- Lam viec vi
chat long ban.
- Hieu suat
thap.
- Tr lc kha cao.
- Yeu cau lap
at khat khe ->
- o on nh lap a that
kem.
phang.
- Thiet b
nang.
Thap mam
chop.
- Hieu suat cao.
- Hoat ong on
nh.
- Cau tao phc
tap.
- Tr lc ln.
- Khong lam
viec vi chat
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

long ban.
Nhan xet: thap mam xuyen lo la trang thai trung

gian gia thap chem va thap mam chop. Nen ta chon
thap chng cat la thap mam xuyen lo.
Vay: Chng cat he Etanol - Nc ta dung thap mam
xuyen lo hoat ong lien tuc ap suat thng, cap nhiet
gian tiep ay thap.
II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU :

Nguyen lieu la hon hp Etanol - Nc.
1 . Etanol: (Con goi la ru etylic , con etylic hay con thc
pham).
Etanol co cong thc phan t: CH3-CH2-OH, khoi lng
phan t: 46 vC. La chat long co mui ac trng, khong
oc, tan nhieu trong nc.
Mot so thong so vat ly va nhiet ong cua etanol:
+ Nhiet o soi 760(mmHg): 78.3oC.
+ Khoi lng rieng: d420 = 810 (Kg/m3).
Tnh chat hoa hoc:
Tat ca cac phan ng hoa hoc xay ra nhom
hydroxyl (-OH) cua etanol la the hien tnh chat hoa hoc
cua no.
* Phan ng cua hydro trong nhom hydroxyl:
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-O- + H+
18
Hang so phan ly cua etanol: K CH CH OH = 10 , cho nen
etanol la chat trung tnh.
+ Tnh acid cua ru the hien qua phan ng vi kim
loai kiem, Natri hydrua(NaH), Natri amid(NaNH2):
CH3-CH2-OH + NaH
CH3-CH2-ONa + H2
Natri etylat
14
Do K CH CH OH < K H O = 10 : tnh acid cua ru nho hn
tnh acid cua nc, nen khi muoi Natri etylat tan trong
nc se b thuy phan thanh ru tr lai.
+ Tac dung vi acid tao ester: Ru etanol co tnh baz
tng ng vi nc. Khi ru tac dung vi acid vo c
H2SO4, HNO3 va acid hu c eu tao ra ester.
CH3-CH2-OH + HO-SO3-HLanh
CH3-CH2O-SO3-H +
H2O
3
H2O
CH3-CH2O-H + HO-CO-CH3
H+
CH3-COO-C2H5
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
* Phan ng tren nhom hydroxyl:

+ Tac dung vi HX: CH3-CH2-OH + HX
CH3-CH2X + H2O
+ Tac dung vi Triclo Phot pho:
CH3-CH2-OH + PCl3
CH3-CH2-Cl + POCl + HCl
Al O
3
+ Tac dung vi NH3: CH3-CH2-OH +2 NH
3
to
NH2 + H2O
+ Phan ng tao eter va tach loai nc:
2CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-OH
H2SO4
>150o
HCSO
2
>150o
C
(CH3-CH2)2O
CH2=CH2
C2H5-
H2O
H2O
* Phan ng hydro va oxy hoa:

CH3-CH2-OH
Cu
200300oC
CH3-CHO
+ H2
ng dung: etanol co nhieu ng dung hn metanol, no

ong mot vai tro quan trong trong nen kinh te quoc
dan. No la nguyen lieu dung e san suat hn 150
mat hang khac nhau va c ng dung rong rai trong
cac nganh: cong nghiep nang, y te va dc, quoc
phong, giao thong van tai, det, che bien go va nong
nghiep.
+ Cong nghiep cao su
tong hp
+ ong lc.
+ Dung moi hu
c:pha sn..
+ Nguyen lieu.
+ Ru
mui.
+ Dam.
+ ong lc.
+ Thuoc tr
sau.
Nhien
lieu.
+ Thuoc sung khong

khoi.
+ Nhien lieu hoa tien,
Etan
ol
+ Thuoc
nhuom.
+ T nhan
tao.
+ o nha.
+ Keo dan.
+ Hng
lieu.
+ Sat trung.
+ Pha che
thuoc.
+ Sn.
+
Vecni.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
S o tom tat v tr cua etanol trong cac nganh

cong nghiep.
Phng phap ieu che: co nhieu phng phap ieu
che etanol: hydrat hoa etylen vi xuc tac H2SO4; thuy
phan dan xuat halogen va ester cua etanol khi un nong
vi nc xuc tac dung dch baz; hydro hoa aldyhyt
acetic; t cac hp chat c kim
Trong cong nghiep, ieu che etanol bang phng phap
len men t nguon tinh bot va r ng. Nhng nam
gan ay, nc ta cong nghe san suat etanol chu
yeu la s dung
chung nam men Saccharomyses
Nam
men
cerevisiae e len men tinh bot:
C6H6O6 Zymaza
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 28 Kcal
Trong o: 95% nguyen lieu chuyen thanh etanol va
CO2.
5% nguyen lieu chuyen thanh san pham
phu: glyxerin, acid sucxinic, dau fusel, metylic va
cac acid hu c(lactic, butylic).
2 . Nc:
Trong ieu kien bnh thng: nc la chat long khong
mau, khong mui, khong v nhng khoi nc day se co
mau xanh nhat.
Khi hoa ran no co the ton tai dang 5 dang tinh the
khac nhau:
Khoi lng phan t
: 18
g / mol
Khoi lng rieng d40 c
: 1
g / ml
Nhiet o nong chay
: 00C
Nhiet o soi
: 1000 C
Nc la hp chat chiem phan ln tren trai at (3/4
dien tch trai at la nc bien) va rat can thiet cho s
song.
Nc la dung moi phan cc manh, co kha nang hoa tan
nhieu chat va la dung moi rat quan trong trong ky thuat
hoa hoc.
3 . Hon hp Etanol Nc:

Ta co bang thanh phan long (x) hi (y) va nhiet o
soi cua hon hp Etanol - Nc 760 mmHg:

x(%phan
mol)
y(%phan
mol)
o
t( C)
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
33,2
44,2
53,1
57,6
61,4
65,4
69,9
75,3
81,8
89,8
100
100
90,5
86,5
83,2
81,7
80,8
80
79,4
79
78,6
78,4
78,4
HeEtanol -N
c
y(%mol)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
x(%mol)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
100
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
III. CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ETANOL NC:
Etanol la mot chat long tan vo han trong H2O, nhiet o

soi la 78,30C 760mmHg, nhiet o soi cua nc la 100oC
760mmHg : hi cach biet kha xa nen phng phap hieu
qua e thu etanol co o tinh khiet cao la phng phap
chng cat.
Trong trng hp nay, ta khong the s dung phng phap
co ac v cac cau t eu co kha nang bay hi, va khong
s dung phng phap trch ly cung nh phng phap hap thu
do phai a vao mot khoa mi e tach, co the lam cho
qua trnh phc tap hn hay qua trnh tach khong c hoan
toan.
* S o qui trnh cong nghe chng cat he Etanol
nc:
Chu thch cac k hieu trong qui trnh:
1 . Bon cha nguyen lieu.
2 . Bm.
3 . Bon cao v.
4 . Lu lng ke.
5 . Thiet b trao oi nhiet vi san pham ay.
6 . Thiet b gia nhiet nhap lieu.
7 . Bay hi.
8 . Thap chng cat.
9 . Nhiet ke.
10 . Ap ke.
11 . Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh.
12 . Noi un.
13 . Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh.
14 . Bon cha san pham nh.
15 . Bon cha san pham ay.
16 . Bo phan phan dong.
11
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
* Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe:

Hon hp etanol nc co nong o etanol 15% ( theo phan
mol), nhiet o khoang 280C tai bnh cha nguyen lieu (1)
c bm (2) bm len bon cao v (3). T o c a en
thiet b trao oi nhiet (5) ( trao oi nhiet vi san pham
ay ). Sau o, hon hp c un soi en nhiet o soi
trong thiet b gia nhiet(6), hon hp c a vao thap
chng cat (8) a nhap lieu.
Tren a nhap lieu, chat long c tron vi phan long
t oan cat cua thap chay xuong. Trong thap hi, i t
di len gap chat long t tren xuong. ay, co s
tiep xuc va trao oi gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha long chuyen
ong trong phan chng cang xuong di cang giam nong
o cac cau t de bay hi v a b pha hi tao nen t noi
un (12) loi cuon cau t de bay hi.Nhiet o cang len
tren cang thap, nen khi hi i qua cac a t di len th
cau t co nhiet o soi cao la nc se ngng tu lai, cuoi
cung tren nh thap ta thu c hon hp co cau t etanol
chiem nhieu nhat (co nong o 85% phan mol). Hi nay i
vao thiet b ngng tu (11) va c ngng tu hoan toan. Mot
phan chat long ngng tu i qua thiet b lam nguoi san
pham nh (13), c lam nguoi en 350C , roi c a qua
bon cha san pham nh (14). Phan con lai cua chat
long ngng tu c hoan lu ve thap a tren cung vi
t so hoan lu toi u. Mot phan cau t co nhiet o soi
thap c boc hi, con lai cau t co nhiet o soi cao
trong chat long ngay cang tang. Cuoi cung, ay thap
ta thu c hon hp long hau het la cac cau t kho bay
hi ( nc). Hon hp long ay co nong o etanol la 0,19
% phan mol, con lai la nc. Dung dch long ay i ra khoi
thap vao noi un (12). Trong noi un dung dch long mot
phan se boc hi cung cap lai cho thap e tiep tuc lam
viec, phan con lai ra khoi noi un c trao oi nhiet vi
dong nhap lieu trong thiet b (5) (sau khi qua bon cao v).
He thong lam viec lien tuc cho ra san pham nh la
etanol, san pham ay sau khi trao oi nhiet vi nhap lieu
co nhiet o la 600C c thai bo.
12
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
CHNG II : CAN BANG VAT

CHAT .
I . CAC THONG SO BAN AU :
Nang suat nhap lieu : GF = 1500 (Kg/h) .
Nong o nhap lieu : xF = 15%mol etanol.
Nong o san pham nh : xD = 85%mol etanol .

Ty le thu hoi etanol : = 99%.
Khoi lng phan t cua ru va nc : MR =46 , MN
=18 .
Chon :
+ Nhiet o nhap lieu : tF =28oC .
+ Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi lam nguoi : tD
=35oC .
+ Nhiet o san pham ay sau khi trao oi nhiet : tW =
60oC .
+Trang thai nhap lieu la trang thai long soi .
Cac k hieu :
+ GF , F : suat lng nhap lieu tnh theo Kg/h , Kmol/h .
+ GD , D : suat lng san pham nh tnh theo Kg/h ,
Kmol/h .
+ GW ,W : suat lng san pham ay tnh theo Kg/h ,
Kmol/h .
+ xi , xi : phan mol , phan khoi lng cua cau t i .
II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM NH

VA SAN PHAM AY :
Can bang vat chat cho toan thap :

F = D + W
(II.1)
Can bang cau t etanol (cau t nhe) : F.xF = D.xD + W.xW (II.2)
Ty le thu hoi (= 99%) :
F.xF . = D.xD
(II.3)
Vi : * Phan mol nhap lieu : xF = 0,15 (phan mol etanol ).
13
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
46.x F
=31.08%(theo khoi lng ) .
46.x F + (1 x F ).18
xF =
Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong nhap lieu :

MF = 46.x F + (1 x F ).18 = 22.2(Kg/Kmol).
F=
GF
1000
=
=67.567 (Kmol/h)
MF
20.8
* Phan mol san pham nh : xD =0,85 (phan mol

etanol) .
Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham

nh :
MD = 46.x D + (1 x D ).18 =41,8 (Kg/Kmol).
Giai 3 phng trnh (II.1),(II.2),(II.3),ta co :
D = 11.8 (Kmol/h)
W = 55.767 (Kmol/h)
xW = 0,0019 (phan mol etanol )
Suy ra , khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham
ay :
MW = 46.xW + (1 xW ).18 = 18,053 (Kg/Kmol).
III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP:

1 . T so hoan lu toi thieu:
T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai

o ng vi so mam ly thuyet la vo cc .Do o ,chi ph
co nh la vo cc nhng chi ph ieu hanh (nhien lieu
,nc va bm) la toi thieu .
Do o th can bang cua he Etanol-Nc co iem uon
,nen xac nh t so hoan lu toi thieu bang cach :
+Tren o th can bang y-x ,t iem (0,85;0,85) ta ke
mot ng thang tiep tuyen vi ng can bang tai
iem uon , cat truc Oy tai iem co yo = 0,26 .
+Theo phng trnh ng lam viec oan cat , khi xo =0 th
yo =
xD
Rmin + 1
=0,26
Vay : t so hoan lu toi thieu : Rmin = 2,269
2. T so hoan lu thch hp:
Khi R tang, so mam se giam nhng ng knh thap

,thiet b ngng tu ,noi un va cong e bm cung tang
theo.Chi ph co nh se giam dan en cc tieu roi tang
en vo cc khi hoan lu toan phan ,lng nhiet va lng
nc s dung cung tang theo t so hoan lu .
14
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Tong chi ph bao gom : chi ph co nh va chi ph ieu

hanh . T so hoan lu thch hp ng vi tong chi ph la cc
tieu .
Tuy nhien ,oi khi cac chi ph ieu hanh rat phc tap
,kho kiem soat nen ngi ta co the tnh t so hoan lu
thch hp t ieu kien thap nho nhat .e tnh c t so
hoan lu thch hp theo ieu kien thap nho nhat (khong
tnh en chi ph ieu hanh),ta can lap moi quan he gia t
so hoan lu va the tch thap ,t o chon Rth ng vi the
tch thap la nho nhat.
Nhan thay ,tiet dien thap t le vi lng hi i trong
thap ,ma lng hi lai t le vi lng long hoi lu trong
thap ,do trong ieu kien lam viec nhat nh th GD se
khong oi nen lng long hoi lu se t le vi (R+1) ,do
o , tiet dien thap se t le vi (R+1). Ngoai ra ,chieu cao
thap t le vi so n v chuyen khoi mox hay so mam ly
thuyet Nlt .Cho nen ,the tch lam viec cua thap t le vi
tch so mox*(R+1) .Nh vay, ta co the thiet lap quan he
gia R va Vthap theo quan he R va mox*(R+1) .T o th cua
quan he nay ,ta xac nh c iem cc tieu cua mox*(R+1)
ng vi t so hoan lu thch hp R .
R
2.496
2.723
2.9497
3.023
mox
47.818
37.733
32.801
33.545
mox*(R+1)
167.173
140.480
130.320
134.952
15

170
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
R*(mox+1)
160
150
140
130
R
120
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
Vay : T so hoan lu thch hp la R= 2,9497 .
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIECSO MAM

LY THUYET:
1 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec cua
oan cat :
y=
2,9497
0,85
x
R.
.x +
.x + D =
2,9497 + 1
2,9497 + 1
R +1
R +1
=0.747 .x + 0.215
2 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec cua

oan chng :
y=
2,9497 + 5,724
5,724 1
R+ f
f 1
.x +
.0,0019
.x +
.xW =
2,9497 + 1
2,9497 + 1
R +1
R +1
= 2,196 .x 0.0023
Vi : f =
x
F
0,85
= D =
= 5,724 : ch so nhap lieu .
D x F . 0,15.0,99
3 . So mam ly thuyet :
o th xac nh so mam ly thuyet :(Xem hnh trang

sau ).
T o th ,ta co : 26 mam bao gom : 20 mam cat
1 mam nhap lieu
5 mam chng(4 mam chng+1
noi un)
Tom lai ,so mam ly thuyet la Nlt = 25 mam .
16
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
V . XAC NH SO MAM THC TE:
So mam thc te tnh theo hieu suat trung bnh :

N tt =
N lt
tb
trong o: tb : hieu suat trung bnh cua a, la mot ham

so cua o bay hi tng oi va o nht cua hon hp
long : = f(,).
Ntt : so mam thc te.
Nlt : so mam ly thuyet.
Xac nh hieu suat trung bnh cua thap tb :
+ o bay tng oi cua cau t de bay hi :
y* 1 x
=
1 y* x
Vi : x :phan mol cua ru trong pha long .
y* : phan mol cua ru trong pha hi can bang vi
pha long.
* Tai v tr nhap lieu :
xF = 0,15 ta tra o th can bang cua he : y*F = 0,5
tF = 84,85 oC
+ F =
y* F 1 x F
0,5 1 0,15
=
.
= 5,667
*
1 0,5 0,15
1 y F xF
+ T x F = 31.08% va tF = 84,85 oC ,tra tai lieu tham

khao [4(tap 1) trang 107] : F =45.10-6.9,81 =
0,441.10-3 (N.s/m2)
=
0,441 (cP)
Suy ra : F . F = 5,667.0,441 =2.499
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2) trang 171] : F = 0,4
* Tai v tr mam ay :
xW = 0,0019 ta tra o th can bang cua he : y*W = 0,02
tW = 100 oC
y *W 1 x W
0,02 1 0,0019
=
.
= 10,72
*
1 0,02 0,0019
1 y W xW
46.xW
= 0,48% va tW = 100 oC ,tra tai
+ T xW =
46.xW + (1 xW ).18
+ W =
lieu tham khao [4(tap 1) trang 107] :

W =27.10-6.9,81= 0,265.10-3 (N.s/m2)
= 0,265 (cP)
17
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Suy ra : W . W = 10,72.0,265 = 2,999

Tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2) trang 171] : W = 0,37
*Tai v tr mam nh :
xD = 0,85 ta tra o th can bang cua he : y*D = 0,856
tD = 78,5 oC
y* D 1 x D
0,856 1 0,85
=
.
= 1,049
*
1 0,856 0,85
1 y D xD
46.x D
= 93,5% va tD = 78,5 oC ,tra tai
+ T x D =
46.x D + (1 x D ).18
+ D =
lieu tham khao [4(tap 1) trang 107] :

D =51.10-6.9,81= 0,500.10-3 (N.s/m2)
= 0,500 (cP)
Suy ra : D . D = 1,049.0,500 = 0,525
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2) trang 171] : D =
0,600
Suy ra: hieu suat trung bnh cua thap :
+ W + D 0,441 + 0,37 + 0,600
=
= 0,47
tb = F
3
So mam thc te cua thap Ntt :

25
N tt =
=53,19 mam
0,47
Vay chon Ntt = 53 mam , gom : 42 mam cat

1 mam nhap lieu
10 mam chng
CHNG III :TNH TOAN THIET KE

THAP CHNG CAT .
I . NG KNH THAP :(Dt)
Dt =
4Vtb
g tb
= 0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
18
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thap (m3/h).

tb :toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap (m/s).
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thap (Kg/h).
Lng hi trung bnh i trong oan chng va oan cat
khac nhau.Do o, ng knh oan chng va oan cat
cung khac nhau .
1.
ng knh oan cat :

a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thap :
g tb =
g d + g1
2
(Kg/h)
gd : lng hi ra khoi a tren cung cua thap (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vao a di cung cua oan cat
(Kg/h).
Xac nh gd : gd = D.(R+1) =11,8.(2,9497+1) = 46,606
(Kmol/h)
= 1948.13(Kg/h)
(V MthD =46.yD+(1-yD).18 = 41,968 Kg/Kmol).
Xac nh g1 : T he phng trnh :
g1 = G1 + D
g1 . y1 = G1 .x1 + D.x D
g .r = g .r
d d
1 1
(III.1)
Vi : G1 : lng long a th nhat cua oan cat .

r1 : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i vao a
th nhat cua oan cat
rd : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i ra nh
thap .
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tF = 84,85oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap
1)] ta co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc : rN1 = 41346 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhiet hoa hi cua ru : rR1 = 37490 (KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : r1 = rR1.y1 + (1-y1).rN1 = 41346 3856.y1 (KJ/kmol)
* Tnh rd : tD = 78,5oC , tra tai lieu tham khao IV (tap 1) ta
co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc : rNd = 41628 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhiet hoa hi cua ru : rRd = 37988 (KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : rd = rRd.yD + (1-yD).rNd =37988.0,856 + (10,856).41628
= 38512,16 (KJ/kmol)
* x1 = xF = 0,15
Giai he (III.1) , ta c : G1 = 33 (Kmol/h)
19
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
y1 = 0,337 (phan mol etanol) _ M1
=27,436
g1 = 44.8 (Kmol/h) = 1229,1328(Kg/h)
1955,96 + 1229,133
= 1588,63 (Kg/h)
Vay : gtb =
2
b . Toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap :

Toc o gii han cua hi i trong thap vi mam xuyen
lo co ong chay chuyen :
gh = 0,05. xtb
ytb
Vi : xtb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua
pha long (Kg/m3) .
ytb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xac nh ytb :
ytb =
[ ytb .46 + (1 ytb ).18].273

22,4.( t tb + 273)
Vi: + Nong o phan mol trung bnh : ytb =

0,337 + 0,856
=0,5965
2
+ Nhiet o trung bnh oan cat : ttb =

=81,675oC
Suy ra : ytb =1,197 (Kg/m3).
Xac nh xtb :
Nong o phan mol trung bnh : xtb =
Suy ra : xtb =
y1 + y D
=
2
84,85 + 78,5
tF + tD
=
2
2
0,15 + 0,85
xF + xD
=
= 0,5
2
2
46.xtb
=71,9% .
46.xtb + (1 xtb ).18
ttb = 81,675oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)-trang 9], ta
co :
xtb = 821,25 (Kg/m3)
Suy ra : gh = 0,05.
821,25
=1,309 (m/s)
1,197
e tranh tao bot ta chon toc o hi trung bnh i trong

thap :
h = 0,8. gh = 0,8.1,309 = 1,042 (m/s)
Vay :ng knh oan cat :
20
Dcat = 0,0188.
2.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
1588.63
= 0,67 (m).
1,197.1,042
ng knh oan chng :
a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thap :

g , tb =
g , n + g ,1
2
(Kg/h)
gn : lng hi ra khoi oan chng (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vao oan chng (Kg/h).
Xac nh gn : gn = g1 = 1229,1328 (Kg/h)
Xac nh g1 : T he phng trnh :
G '1 = g '1 + W
'
'
G 1 .x '1 = g 1 . yW + W .xW
g ' .r ' = g ' .r ' = g .r
n
n
1 1
1 1
(III.2)
Vi : G1 : lng long a th nhat cua oan chng .

r1 : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i vao a th
nhat cua oan chng.
* Tnh r1 : xW =0,0019 tra o th can bang cua he ta co :
yW =0,02
Suy ra :Mtbg =46.yW +(1-yW).18=18,56(Kg/kmol)
t1 = tW = 100oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta
co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc : rN1 = 40680
(KJ/kmol) .
An nhiet hoa hi cua ru : rR1 = 36394,3
(KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : r1 = rR1.yW + (1-yW).rN1 = 40543,9 (KJ/kmol)
* Tnh r1: r1 = 41346 3856.y1 =413463856.0,337 = 40007,97
(KJ/kmol)
* W = 55,767 (Kmol/h)
Giai he (III.2) , ta c : x1 =0,0096(phan mol etanol) _
MtbG =18,268
G1 = 96,998 (Kmol/h) =
g1 = 41,322(Kmol/h) = 754,89 (Kg/h)
Vay : gtb =
1229,1328 + 754,89
= 992,011 (Kg/h)
2
b . Toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap :

Toc o gii han cua hi i trong thap vi mam xuyen
lo co ong chay chuyen :
21
' gh = 0,05.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
' xtb
' ytb
Vi : 'xtb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long

(Kg/m3) .
'ytb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xac nh ytb :
' ytb =
[ y'tb .46 + (1 y'tb ).18].273

22,4.( t 'tb +273)
Vi: + Nong o phan mol trung bnh :

ytb =
0,337 + 0,02
y1 + yW
=
=0,1785
2
2
+ Nhiet o trung bnh oan chng : ttb =

=92,425oC
Suy ra : ytb =0,772 (Kg/m3).
Xac nh xtb :
Nong o phan mol trung bnh : xtb =
84,85 + 100
t F + tW
=
2
2
0,15 + 0,0019
x F + xW
=
=
2
2
0,076
Suy ra : x'tb =
46.x'tb
=17,36% .
46.x'tb +(1 x'tb ).18
ttb = 92,425oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)-trang

9], ta co :
Khoi lng rieng cua nc : N = 963(Kg/m3)
Khoi lng rieng cua ru : R = 720,365(Kg/m3)
1
x'
1 x'tb
=953,52 (Kg/m3)
Suy ra :xtb = tb +
' N
'R
953,52
Suy ra : ' gh = 0,05.
=1,757 (m/s)
0,772
e tranh tao bot ta chon toc o hi trung bnh i trong

thap :
' h = 0,8. ' gh = 0,8.1,757 = 1,405 (m/s)
Vay :ng knh oan cat :
Dchng= 0,0188.
992,0114
= 0,569 (m).
0,772.1,405
22
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Ket luan : hai ng knh oan cat va oan chng khong

chenh lech nhau qua ln nen ta chon ng knh cua toan
thap la : Dt = 0,700 (m).
Khi o toc o lam viec thc :
+ Phan cat : lv =
0,01882 .g tb
+ Phan chng :lv =
Dt . ytb
2
0,0188 2 .g ' tb
Dt . ' ytb
2
0,01882 .1588,63
=
= 0,957 (m/s).
0, 2 .1,197
=
0,0188 2 .992,0114
= 0,927 (m/s).
0,7 2 .0,772
II . MAM LO TR LC CUA MAM :

1 . Cau tao mam lo :
Chon : + ng knh lo : dl = 5 (mm).
+ Tong dien tch lo bang 9% dien tch mam.
+ Khoang cach gia hai tam lo bang 2,5 lan ng
knh lo (bo tr lo theo tam giac eu ).
+ Ty le be day mam va ng knh lo la 6/10 .
+ Dien tch danh cho ong chay chuyen la 20% dien
tch mam .
So lo tren 1 mam :
9%.S mm
D
N=
= 0,09. t
S lo
dl
0,7
= 0,09.
~1764 lo.
0,005
2 . o giam ap cua pha kh qua mot mam :
o giam ap tong cong cua pha kh (tnh bang mm.chat

long ) la tong cac o giam ap cua pha kh qua mam
kho va cac o giam ap do pha long :
htl = hk + hl + hR
(mm.chat long)
Vi : + hk :o giam ap qua mam kho (mm.chat long).
+ hl : o giam ap do chieu cao lp chat long
tren mam(mm.chat long).
+hR : o giam ap do sc cang be mat (mm.chat
long).
Trong thap mam xuyen lo ,gradien chieu cao mc chat
long tren mam la khong ang ke nen co the bo
qua .
a . o giam ap qua mam kho :
o giam ap cua pha kh qua mam kho c tnh da
tren c s ton that ap suat do dong chay ot thu , ot
m va do ma sat khi pha kh chuyen ong qua lo.
23

vo 2
hk = 2
Co
G
.
2.g .
L
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

uo 2
= 51,0. 2
C
G
.

L
(mm.chat long)
Vi : + uo :van toc pha hi qua lo (m/s).

+ G : khoi lng rieng cua pha hi (Kg/m3).
+ L : khoi lng rieng cua pha long (Kg/m3).
+ Co :he so orifice ,phu thuoc vao ty so tong
dien tch lo vi dien tch mam va ty so gia be
day mam vi ng knh lo.
S lo =0,09 va mm =0,6 .Tra tai lieu tham
Ta co :
S mm
dl
khao [1 trang 111] : Co = 0,74

oi vi mam phan cat :
lv 0,957
=
= 10,64 (m/s).
9% 0,09
+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi : G = ytb = 1,197
(Kg/m3).
+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 821,25
(Kg/m3).
Suy ra o giam ap qua mam kho phan cat :
10,64 2 1,197
.
hk = 51,0.
=15,67 (mm.chat long).
2
0
,
74
821,25
+ Van toc pha hi qua lo : uo =
oi vi mam phan chng :
' lv 0,927
=
=10,3 (m/s).
9%
0,09
+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi : G = ytb = 0,772
(Kg/m3).
+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 953,52
(Kg/m3).
Suy ra o giam ap qua mam kho phan chng :
10,3 2 0,772
.
h' k = 51,0.
= 8 (mm.chat long).
2
0,74 953,52
b . o giam ap do chieu cao mc chat long tren
mam :
Phng phap n gian e c tnh o giam ap cua pha
hi qua mam do lp chat long tren mam hl la t chieu
cao g chay tran hw , chieu cao tnh toan cua lp chat
long tren g chay tran how va he so hieu chnh theo kinh
nghiem :
+ Van toc pha hi qua lo : uo =
24
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
hl = .( hw + how )
, (mm.chat long)
Chon : + He so hieu chnh : = 0,6
+ Chieu cao g chay tran : hw = 50 (mm)
Chieu cao tnh toan cua lp chat long tren g chay
tran c tnh t phng trnh Francis vi g chay tran
phang :
how
q
= 43,4. L
Lw
, (mm.chat long)
Vi : + qL : lu lng cua chat long (m3/ph).

+ Lw :chieu dai hieu dung cua g chay tran (m).
Xac nh Lw :
Dien tch danh cho ong chay chuyen la 20% dien tch
mam , nen ta co phng trnh sau :
.n o
sin n o = 0,2.
o
180
Vi : no :goc tam chan bi chieu dai oan Lw .

Dung phng phap lap ta c : no = 93o1222
Suy ra : Lw = Dt . sin(no/2) = 436(mm) = 0,436 (m).
Xac nh qL :
* Phan cat : q L =
R.D.M D 2,9497 .11,8.41.8

=
= 0,0295 (m3/ph).
60. xtb
60.821,25
2
Suy ra : how
0,0295 3
= 43,4.
= 7.211 (mm).
0
,
436
Vay :o giam ap do chieu cao mc chat long tren

mam phan cat la:
hl = 0,6.(50+7.211) = 34,33 (mm.chat long).
* Phan chng : q ' L =
G '1 .M tbG ' 96,998.18,268

=
= 0,031 (m3/ph).
60. ' xtb
60.953,52
2
Suy ra : h' ow
0,031 3
= 43,4.
= 7,444 (mm).
0,436
Vay :o giam ap do chieu cao mc chat long tren

mam phan chng :
hl = 0,6.(50+7,444) = 34,466 (mm.chat long).
c . o giam ap do sc cang be mat :
o giam ap do sc cang be mat c xac nh theo
bieu thc :
hR = 625,54.
, (mm.chat long)
L .d l
25
Vi : + : sc cang be mat cua chat long (dyn/cm).

+ L : khoi lng rieng cua pha long (Kg/m3).
Phan cat :
* Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 821,25
(Kg/m3).
* ttb = 81,675oC ,tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co :
+ Sc cang be mat cua nc : N = 62,138 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cang be mat cua ru : R = 17,075 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cang be mat cua chat long phan cat :
.
= N R = 13,394 (dyn/cm).
N +R
Vay : o giam ap do sc cang be mat phan cat
la :
h R = 625,54.
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
13,394
= 2,039 (mm.chat long).
821,25.0,005
Phan chng :
* Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 953,52
(Kg/m3).
* ttb = 92,425oC ,tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta
co :
+ Sc cang be mat cua nc : N = 60,149 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cang be mat cua ru : R = 16,108 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cang be mat cua chat long phan
chng :
' . '
' = N R = 12,705 (dyn/cm).
' N + ' R
Vay : o giam ap do sc cang be mat phan
chng la :
h' R = 625,54.
12,705
953,52.0,005
Tom lai : o giam ap tong cong cua pha kh qua mot

mam :
+ Phan cat : htl = 15,67+34,33+2,039 = 52,039 (mm.chat
long).
hay htl = 52,039.10-3 . 9,81 . 821,25 = 419,25 (N/m2).
+ Phan chng : htl = 8+34,466+1,667 = 44,133 (mm.chat
long).
hay htl = 44,133 .10-3 . 9,81 . 953,52 = 412,82
(N/m2).
26
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Suy ra :Tong tr lc cua toan thap hay o giam ap

tong cong cua toan thap la :(xem o giam ap tong
cong cua pha kh qua mam nhap lieu bang o giam ap
tong cong cua pha kh qua mot mam phan chng )
htl = 42. htl + 11. htl = 42 . 419,25+11 . 412,82 =
22149,52(N/m2).
3 . Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong :

Chon khoang cach gia hai mam la hmam =300 (mm).
Bo qua s tao bot trong ong chay chuyen, chieu cao mc
chat long trong ong chay chuyen cua mam xuyen lo c
xac nh theo bieu thc :
hd = hw + how + htl + hd
, (mm.chat long)
Vi : hd : ton that thuy lc do dong long chay t ong
chay chuyen vao mam, c xac nh theo bieu thc
sau :
QL
hd ' = 0,128.
100.S d
, (mm.chat long)
trong o : + QL : lu lng cua chat long (m3/h).

+ Sd : tiet dien gia ong chay chuyen va mam,
khi o :
Sd = 0,8 . Smam = 0,8 . .0,352 = 0,3079 (m2)
Phan cat : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0,0295 = 1,77 (m3/h).
2
1,77

Suy ra : hd ' = 0,128.
100.0,3079
Vay : chieu cao mc chat long trong ong chay chuyen

cua mam xuyen lo phan cat :
hd =50+7,211+52,039+0,00042 =109,25 (mm.chat
long).
Kiem tra : hd = 109,25 <
hmm 300
=
= 150 (mm) : am bao khi
2
2
hoat ong cac mam phan cat se khong b ngap lut.

Phan chng : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0,031 = 1,86 (m3/h).
2
1,86
= 0,000467 (mm.chat long).

Suy ra : h' d ' = 0,128.
100.0,3079
Vay : chieu cao mc chat long trong ong chay chuyen

cua mam xuyen lo phan chng :
hd =50+7,444+44,133+0,000467 = 101,57 (mm.chat
long).
27
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Kiem tra : hd = 101,57 <
hmm 300
=
= 150 (mm) : am bao khi
2
2
hoat ong cac mam phan chng se khong b ngap

lut.
Vay : khi hoat ong am bao thap se khong b ngap
lut.
Chieu cao cua than thap :Hthan =Ntt .(hmam+ mam ) + 0,8
=53.(0,30+0,003) +0,8 = 16,859(m).
Chieu cao cua ay va nap : H = Hn =ht +hg
=0,175+0,04=0,2150(m).
(Xem phan (III.2) : ay va Nap thiet b ).
Chieu cao cua thap : H = Hthan + H + Hn = 17,074(m).
III . TNH TOAN C KH CUA THAP :

1 . Be day than thap :
V thap chng cat hoat ong ap suat thng nen ta
thiet ke than hnh tru bang phng phap han giap moi
(phng phap ho quang ). Than thap c ghep vi nhau
bang cac moi ghep bch.
e am bao chat lng cua san pham va kha nang
an mon cua etylic oi vi thiet b, ta chon vat lieu che
tao than thap la thep khong g ma X18H10T.
Ap suat tnh toan :
Thap lam viec ap suat kh quyen, nen ta chon ap
suat tnh toan :
Ptt =Pcl + htl
, (N/mm2)
Vi : Pcl : ap suat thuy tnh do chat long ay
(N/mm2).
Chon ap suat tnh toan sao cho thap hoat ong ieu
kien nguy hiem nhat ma van an toan nen :
821,25 + 953,52
+ ' xtb
Pcl = x .g.H = xtb
.g.H=
. 9,81 . 17,071
2
=148607,269 (N/m ).
Suy ra : Ptt = 148607,269 + 22149,52 = 170756,789(N/m2)
~0,171(N/mm2).
Nhiet o tnh toan :
Chon nhiet o tnh toan : ttt = tay = 100oC .
Tra tai lieu tham khao [5], ng suat tieu chuan oi vi
thep X18H10T :
[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
oi vi ru he so hieu chnh : = 1
2
28
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Vay : ng suat cho phep : [] = .[]* = 142 (N/mm2).

Xac nh be day than chu ap suat trong :
Ta chon phng phap che tao than la phng phap han
ho quang ien bang tay nen he so ben moi han : h =
0,9
[ ] . = 142 .0,9
Xet ty so :
=747,37 > 25,do o, be day
h
Ptt
0,171
tnh toan cua than c tnh theo cong thc sau :

S 't =
Dt .Ptt
700.0,171
=
= 0,468 (mm).
2.[ ]. h 2.142.0,9
Suy ra : be day thc cua than : St = St + C

,(mm).
Trong o : C :he so bo sung be day, C = Ca + Cb + Cc +
Co
Vi : + Ca : he so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc, phu
thuoc vao toc o an mon cua chat long. Chon
toc o an mon cua ru la 0,1 (mm/nam),thiet
b hoat ong trong 20 nam, do o Ca = 2 mm.
+Cb : he so bo sung do bao mon c hoc, chon Cb
= 0.
+Cc : he so bo sung do sai lech khi che tao, chon
Cc = 0.
+Co : he so bo sung qui tron, chon Co =0,532 (mm).
Suy ra : C = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0,532 = 2,532 (mm).
Vay : St = 0,468 + 2,532 = 3 (mm).
* Kiem tra cong thc tnh toan vi St = 3 (mm) :
St Ca 3 2
=
= 0,001 < 0,1 : ung.
Dt
700
* Kiem tra ap suat tnh toan cho phep :

(
)
[ Ptt ] = 2.[ ]. h . S t C a = 2.142.0,9.( 3 2) =0,3646 > Ptt : ung.
Dt + ( S t C a )
700 + ( 3 2 )
Vay : Be day thc cua than la St = 3 (mm).
2 . ay va nap thiet b :
Chon ay va nap co dang la ellipise tieu chuan, co g

bang thep X18H10T.
29
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Nhan thay: cong thc tnh toan be day than, ay va nap

chu ap suat trong la nh nhau. Nen chon be day cua ay va
nap la S = Sn = 3 (mm).
Cac kch thc cua ay va nap ellipise tieu chuan, co g(tai
lieu tham khao [4(tap 2)]:
+ ng knh trong: Dt = 700 (mm).
+ ht =175 (mm).
+ Chieu cao g: hg = h = 40 (mm).
+Dien tch be mat trong: Say = 0,62m2).
3 . Bch ghep than, ay va nap :
Mat bch la bo phan quan trong dung e noi cac phan

cua thiet b cung nh noi cac bo phan khac vi thiet b.
Cac loai mat bch thng s dung:
+ Bch lien: la bo phan noi lien vi thiet b (han, uc
va ren). Loai bch nay chu yeu dung thiet b lam viec
vi ap suat thap va ap suat trung bnh.
+ Bch t do: chu yeu dung noi ong dan lam viec
nhiet o cao, e noi cac bo bang kim loai mau va hp
kim cua chung, ac biet la khi can lam mat bch bang
vat lieu ben hn thiet b.
+ Bch ren: chu yeu dung cho thiet b lam viec ap
suat cao.
Chon bch c ghep than, ay va nap lam bang thep
X18H10T, cau tao cua bch la bch lien khong co.
30
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)- trang 417], ng vi Dt

=700(mm) va ap suat tnh toan Ptt = 0,171 (N/mm2) ta chon
bch co cac thong so sau :
Dt
Db
D1
Bu long
db
Z
(ca
i)
24
20
(mm)
700
830
780
750
20
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)- trang 170], chon so mam
gia hai mat bch la 4 mam.Vay, so bch ghep than-ay-nap la
(15.2) bch.
o kn cua moi ghep bch chu yeu do vat em quyet nh.
em lam bang cac vat lieu mem hn so vi vat lieu bch. Khi
xiet bu long, em b bien dang va ien ay len cac cho go
ghe tren be mat cua bch. Vay, e am bao o kn cho thiet b
ta chon em la day amiang, co be day la 3(mm).
4 . ng knh cac ong dan Bch ghep cac

ong dan :
Bch c lam bang thep CT3 , cau tao cua bch la bch
lien khong co.
a . V tr nhap lieu :
Suat lng nhap lieu: GF = 1500 (Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long nhap lieu, tra tai lieu
tham khao [4 (tap 1)]
tF = 84,85oC va x F = 31,08% : F = 920 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng chat long nhap lieu i vao thap: QF =
GF
=
F
1,63 (m3/h).
31
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Chon van toc chat long nhap lieu (t chay t bon cao
v vao mam nhap lieu): vF = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ong nhap lieu: dF =
4.Q F
4.1,63
=
= 0,054
3600 . .v F
3600 . .0,2
(m).
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong nhap lieu: dF = 0,060 (m).

Tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)], chon chieu dai oan ong
noi e ghep mat bch: lF = 100 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan nhap lieu:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu long
db
60
120
67
(mm)
150
100
12
12
Z
(ca
i)
4
b . Ong hi nh thap:
Suat lng hi nh thap: gd = 1948,13 (Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua hi nh thap c tnh theo
cong thc (xac nh
tD = 78,5oC va yD = 0,856):
h =
[ 46. y D + (1 y D ).18].273
22,4.( t D + 273)
= 1,453 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng hi ra khoi thap: Qh =
gd
= 1340,76 (m3/h).
h
Chon van toc hi nh thap: vh = 30 (m/s).

ng knh ong dan hi: dh =
4.Qh
4.1340,76
=
= 0,126 (m).
3600 . .v h
3600 . .30
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan hi: dh = 0,15 (m).

Tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2)], chon chieu dai oan ong
noi e ghep mat bch: lh = 120 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan hi nh
thap:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu long
db
150
225
159
(mm)
260
202
16
16
Z
(ca
i)
8
c . Ong hoan lu:

Suat lng hoan lu: Ghl =D.MD.R=11,8 . 41,8 . 2,9497 =
1454,91 (Kg/h).
32
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long hoan lu, tra tai lieu
tham khao [4 (tap 1)]
tD = 86,5oC va x D = 93,5% : hl = 771,55 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng chat long hoan lu: Qhl =
Ghl
= 1,886 (m3/h).
hl
Chon van toc chat long hoan lu (t chay t bo phan

tach long ngng tu vao thap): vhl = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ong hoan lu: dhl =
4.Qhl
4.1,886
=
= 0,058
3600 . .vhl
3600 . .0,2
(m).
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong hoan lu: dhl = 0,060 (m).
noi e ghep mat bch: lhl = 100 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan hoan lu:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu long
db
60
120
67
(mm)
150
100
12
12
Z
(ca
i)
4
d . Ong dan chat long ay thap:

Suat lng chat long vao noi un:
G1 = 96,998.MG= 96,998 .18,268 =1771,96 (Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long chat long vao noi un,
tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 1)] tW = 100oC va
x1=0,0096: L = 922 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng chat long vao noi un: QL =
G '1
= 1,92 (m3/h).
L
Chon van toc chat long vao noi un (chat long t

chay vao noi un):
vL = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ong dan chat long: dL=
4.Q L
4.1,92
=
3600 . .v L
3600. .0,2
=0,058(m).
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan: dL = 0,060 (m).
noi e ghep mat bch: lL = 100 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan chat long
ay thap:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu long
33
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

db
60
120
67
(mm)
150
100
12
12
Z
(ca
i)
4
e. Ong dan chat long t noi un (san pham

ay):
Suat lng san pham ay: GW = W.MW = 55,767 . 18,053=
1006,76(Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua san pham ay, tra tai lieu tham
khao [4 (tap 1)]
tW= 100oC va xW=0,0019: W = 957,726 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng san pham ay: QW =
GW
= 1,051 (m3/h).
W
Chon van toc san pham ay (chat long t chay): vW =

0,12 (m/s).
ng knh ong dan san pham ay: dW=
4.QW
4.1,051
=
=0,056(m).
3600 . .vW
3600. .0,12
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan: dW = 0,060 (m).

noi e ghep mat bch: lW = 100 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan san pham ay:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu long
db
60
120
67
(mm)
150
100
12
12
Z
(ca
i)
4
f. Tai treo va chan :

Tnh trong lng cua toan thap:
Khoi lng cua mot bch ghep than: (thep X18H10T:
X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
2
m1 = . D 2 Dt .h. X 18 H 10T = .( 0,83 2 0,7 2 )0,02.7900 = 18,144(Kg).
4
Khoi lng cua mot mam: (thep X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900

(Kg/m3)).
2
m2 = .Dt . mm .0,8.0,9. X 18 H 10T = .0,72.0,03.072.7900 =6,567
4
(Kg)
Khoi lng cua than thap:
34
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
.(D2ng D2t).Hthan . X18H10T = .( 0,706 2 0,7 2 ).17,071.7900

4
4
= 893,54 (Kg)
Khoi lng cua ay (nap) thap:
m4 = Say . ay . X18H10T = 0,62 0,003 . 7900 = 14,694 (Kg)
Khoi lng cua toan thap: m =
30.m1+53.m2+m3+2.m4=1815.3 (Kg)
Suy ra trong lng cua toan thap: P = m.g = 17808,05 (N)
Chan thap:
Chon chan : thap c tren bon chan. Tai trong
P 17808,05
cho phep tren mot chan: Gc = =
=
4
4
0,445.104 (N).
e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: Gc =
0,5.104 (N).
m3 =
Truc thie
t b
Theo a
y
thie
t b
Cac kch thc cua chan : (tnh bang mm)

L
160
B
110
B1
135
B2
195
H
240
H
145
s
10
l
55
d
23
Tai treo:
Chon tai treo: tai treo c gan tren than thap e gi
cho thap khoi b dao ong trong ieu kien ngoai canh. Ta
chon bon tai treo, tai trong cho phep tren mot tai treo la Gt
= 0,445.104 (N).
e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: Gt =
0,5.104 (N).
Chon tam lot tai treo khi ghep vao than co kch thc
sau:
35
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
+ Chieu dai tam lot: H = 260 (mm).

+ Chieu rong tam lot: B = 140 (mm).
+Be day tam lot la 6 (mm).
Cac kch thc cua tai treo: (tnh bang mm)

L
100
B
75
B1
85
H
155
S
6
l
40
a
15
d
18
36
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
CHNG IV: TNH TOAN THIET B

TRUYEN NHIET- THIET B PHU.
I . CAC THIET B TRUYEN NHIET:
Can bang nhiet lng cho toan thap chng cat:

QF + Q = QW + QD + Qnt + Qm
(IV.1)
Trong o:
Qnt : nhiet lng ngng tu do hi san pham nh
ngng tu thanh long. Chon hi san pham nh ngng
tu hoan toan thanh long.
Qnt = D.(R+1).MD . rD
, (KJ/h).
Xac nh rD (an nhiet hoa hi cua san pham
nh):
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], tD = 78,5oC ta
co:
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc: rN = 2346,253 (KJ/kg).
An nhiet hoa hi cua ru: rR = 848,084 (KJ/kg).
Suy ra: rD = rR . x D +(1- x D ).rN = 848,084.0,935+(10,935).2346,253
= 945,465 (KJ/kg).
Vay: Qnt =11,8 .(2,9497+1) .41,8 .945,465=1841890,133
(KJ/h).
QF : nhiet lng do hon hp ru nhap lieu mang
vao thap.
QF = GF .HF =GF .cF .(tF to )
,(KJ/h).
o
Chon nhiet o chuan: to = 20 C.
t F + t o 84,85 + 20
=
= 52,425 oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4
2
2
(tap 1)], ta co nhiet dung rieng cua ru: cR =2882,25

(J/kg.o).
Suy ra: cF = x F .cR +(1- x F ).4186
=31,08%.2882,25+(1-31,08%).4186 =
3780,79(J/kg.o).
Vay: QF = 1500.3780,79.(84,85-20) = 367776,35 (KJ/h).
QW : nhiet lng do san pham ay mang ra t noi
un.
QW = GW .HW =W .MW.cW .(tW to )
,(KJ/h).
o
Chon nhiet o chuan: to = 20 C.
37
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Do san pham ay cha nhieu nc nen nhiet

dung rieng cua san pham ay co the tnh gan
ung theo cong thc sau:
cW = (1- xW ).4186=(1- 0,0048).4186= 4165,9
(J/kg.o).
Vay: QW = 55,767. 18,052 .4165,9 .(10020)=335526,05(KJ/h).
QD : nhiet lng do san pham nh mang ra t bo
phan tach hoan lu.
QD = GD .HD =D.MD .cD .(tD to )
,(KJ/h).
Chon nhiet o chuan: to = 20oC.
t D + t o 78,5 + 20
=
= 49,25 oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4
2
2
(tap 1)], ta co nhiet dung rieng cua ru: cR =2830,25

(J/kg.o).
Suy ra: cD = x D .cR +(1- x D ).4186
=0,935.2830,25+(1-0,935).4186 =
2918,373(J/kg.o).
Vay: T (IV.1), ta c:
QF = 11,8 .41,8 .2918,373 .(78,5-20) =
84208,33(KJ/h).
Qm : nhiet lng ton that ra moi trng xung quanh.

Chon: Qm = 0,05.Q
Vay: nhiet lng can cung cap cho noi un ay
thap:
1
.(QW + QD + Qnt QF )
0,95
1
=
(335526,05+84208,33+1841890,1330,95
Q =
367776,35)
= 1993524,382 (KJ/h) = 553,756 (KW).
Chon: + Nhiet o nguyen lieu ban au: tF = 28oC.
+ Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi lam nguoi: tD =
35oC.
+ Nhiet o san pham ay sau khi trao oi nhiet
vi nguyen lieu ban au: tW = 60oC.
1 . Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh:

Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH at nam ngang.
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch
thc ong: 25x2, chieu dai ong la L = 1,5 (m).
38
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Chon nc lam lanh i trong ong vi nhiet o au: t1 =

28oC, nhiet o cuoi: t2 = 40oC.
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua nc lam lanh c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbN =
t1 + t 2
=34oC:
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
a . Suat lng nc can dung e ngng tu san
pham nh:
GN =
Qnt
1841890 ,133
=
= 10,189 (Kg/s).
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600.4.181.( 40 28)
b . Xac nh be mat truyen nhiet :

Be mat truyen nhiet c xac nh theo phng trnh
truyen nhiet:
Ftb =
,(m2)
(IV.2).
Vi: + K : he so truyen nhiet.

+ tlog : nhiet o trung bnh logarit.
Xac nh tlog :
Chon kieu truyen nhiet ngc chieu, nen:
t log =
Qnt
K .t log
(78,5 28) (78,5 40)

= 44.229 o
78,5 28
( K).
Ln
78,5 40
Xac nh he so truyen nhiet K:

He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
R
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.3).
Vi: + N : he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong

(W/m2.oK).
+ R : he so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu (W/m2.oK).
+ rt : nhiet tr cua thanh ong va lp cau.
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:
Chon van toc nc i trong ong: vN = 0,75 (m/s).
So ong trong mot ng nc:
39

n=
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
GN
4
10,189
4
.
=
.
~ 39 (ong).
2
N .d tr .v N 994,4 .0,021 2 .0,75
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
0,75.0,021.994,4
Re N = N . tr N =
= 21247 ,86 > 104 : che o
N
0,7371 .10 3
chay roi, cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt co
dang:
Nu N = 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReN va
ty le chieu dai ong vi ng knh
ong:ReN=21247,86 va
L
1,5
=
> 50 ,nen l =1.
d tr 0,021
+ PrN : chuan so Prandlt cua nc 34oC, nen PrN

= 5.
+ Prw : chuan so Prandlt cua nc nhiet o
trung bnh cua vach.
Suy ra: Nu N =
181,707
Prw
0, 25
He so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:

Nu N . N 181,707.0,6242 5401,024
=
=
N =
0, 25
0 , 25
d
tr
Pr N
.0,021
Pr N
Nhiet tai pha nc lam lanh:

q N = N .(t w2 t tbN ) =
5401,024
Pr N
0 , 25
(t w 2 34) (W/m2)
(IV.4).
Vi tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc

(trong ong).
* Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:
qt =
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong o:
+ tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi ru
(ngoai ong).
t
+ rt = + rc
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 2 (mm).
40
17,5 (W/moK).
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t =
Nhiet tr trung bnh cua lp ban trong ong

vi nc sach:
rc = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/3181,818 (m2.oK/W).
Vay: qt = 3181,818.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.5)
* He so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu:
3
2
rR . R . R
A
R = 0,725.4
=
R .(t D t w1 ).d ng (78,5 t w1 ) 0, 25
rR . R . R
R .d ng
3
at: A= 0,725.4
vi [rR]=[J/kg].
An nhiet ngng tu: rR = rD = 945,465 (KJ/

;kg).
Nhiet tai ngoai thanh ong:
qR = R.(78,5-tw1) = A.(78,5-tw1)0,75
(IV.6).
T (IV.4), (IV.5), (IV.6) ta dung phng phap lap e xac
nh tw1, tw2 :
Chon: tw1 = 53,7oC :
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua ru ngng tu c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbD =
t D +t w1 78,5 + 53,7
=
= 66,1 oC:
2
2
+ Khoi lng rieng: R = 767,68 (Kg/m3).

+ o nht ong lc: R = 0,6018.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: R = 0,2073 (W/moK).
Khi o: A = 3090,099
T (IV.6): qR = 3090,099.(78,5-53,7)0,75 = 34340,859 (W/m2).
Xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang ke: qt = qR
=34340,859 (W/m2).
qt
=42,907oC
3181,818
53,7 + 42,907
= 48,304 oC
=
2
T (IV.5), ta co: tw2 = tw1Suy ra: ttbw =
t w1 + t w 2
2
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], Prw = 3,672

T (IV.4): qN =
5401,024
.( 42,907 34) = 34752,167 (W/m2).
3,672 0, 25
Kiem tra sai so:
41
qN q R
qR
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
34752,167 34340,859
34340,859
=1,2% < 5% : thoa.
Vay: tw1 = 53,7oC va tw2 = 42,907oC.

5401,024
= 3901,669 (W/m2.oC).
3,672 0, 25
3090,099
R =
= 1384,712 (W/m2.oC).
(78,5 53,7) 0, 25
1
K=
= 773,540
1
1
1
T (IV.3):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
3901,669 3181,818 1384,712
N =
Khi o:
T (IV.2), be mat truyen nhiet trung bnh:

Ftb =
1841890 ,133.1000
= 14,9545 (m2).
3600 .773,540.44,229
Suy ra chieu dai ong truyen nhiet :

L=
14,9545
= 5,3
0,025 + 0,021
(m).
.39.
2
So vi L = 2 (m) th so ng nc la
L' 5,3
=
~ 3 (ng
L
2
nc).
Khi o so ong tang len 3 lan: n=39.3 =117 (ong)
* Kiem tra he so cap nhiet cua ru khi co ke en
s anh hng cua s sap sep, bo tr ong. Chon cach
xep ong thang hang, bo tr theo dang luc giac eu,vay
vi 117 ong th ta sep c 9 hang.
So ong trung bnh trong 1 hang:
117
= 13 , tra tai lieu
9
tham khao II, ta co tb = 0,58.

Vay : Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh la thiet b
truyen nhiet vo ong gom n=117(ong), dai L=2 (m).
Ong c bo tr theo hnh luc giac eu. Nen ta co
so ong tren ng cheo hnh luc giac: b = 13(ong). Chon
bc ngang gia hai ong: t = 1,4.dng = 1,4.0,025 = 0,035 (m).
ng knh vo thiet b: Dv = t.(b-1)+4.dng = 0,035(131)+4.0,025
= 0,52(m).
2 . Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh:

Chon thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh la thiet b
truyen nhiet ong long ong. Ong truyen nhiet c lam
42
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
bang thep X18H10T, kch thc ong trong: 16x1,6 ; kch thc
ong ngoai: 25x2,5.
Chon: + Nc lam lanh i trong ong 16x1,6 (ong trong)
vi nhiet o au: t1 = 28oC, nhiet o cuoi: t2 = 40oC.
+ San pham nh i trong ong 25x2,5 (ong ngoai)
vi nhiet o au:tD = 78,5oC, nhiet o cuoi: tD = 35oC.
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua nc lam lanh c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbN =
t1 + t 2
=34oC:
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbD =
t D +t ' D 78,5 + 35
=
= 56,75 oC:
2
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cD= 3014,63 (J/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: D = 775,95 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: D = 0,6988.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: D = 0,2029 (W/moK).
a . Suat lng nc can dung e lam mat san
pham nh:
Suat lng san pham nh:
GD = D.MD = 11,8.41,8 = 493,24 (Kg/h) = 0,137 (Kg/s).
Lng nhiet can tai:
Qt = GD.cD.(tD-tD) = 0,137.3014,63.(78,5-35) =17967 (J/s) =
17,967 (KJ/s).
Suat lng nc can dung:
GN =
QD
17,967
=
= 0,358 (Kg/s).
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4.181.( 40 28)

truyen nhiet:
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.7).

Xac nh tlog :
43
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

t log =
(78,5 40) (35 28)

= 18,478 o
78,5 40
( K).
Ln
35 28

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.8).
Vi: + N : he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong

(W/m2.oK).
+ D : he so cap nhiet cua san pham nh
2 o
(W/m . K).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham nh
ong ngoai:
Van toc cua san pham nh i trong ong ngoai:
vD =
(m).
GD
4
0,173
4
.
=
.
= 1,9722 (m/s).
2
2
2
D .( D tr d ng ). 775,95 .(0,02 0,016 2 )
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,02- 0,016 = 0,004

Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
1,9722 .0,004.775,95
Re D = D. td D =
= 8759,75 > 2320 : che o
D
0,6988 .10 3
qua o, cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt co
dang:
Nu D = C. l . PrD
0 , 43
.(
PrD 0, 25
)
Prw1
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc ty le chieu dai
ong vi ng knh ong1, chon l =1.
+ C : he so phu thuoc vao chuan so Reynolds, ReD
= 8759,75 nen
C = 7,252.
+ PrD : chuan so Prandlt cua san pham nh
.c
0,6988 .10 3.3014,63
56,75oC, nen PrD = D D =
= 10,383.
D
0,2029
+ Prw1 : chuan so Prandlt cua san pham nh
nhiet o trung bnh cua vach.
44
Suy ra: Nu D =
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
35,610
Prw1
0, 25
He so cap nhiet cua san pham nh trong ong

ngoai:
Nu D . D 35,610.0,2029 1806,339
=
=
D = d
0 , 25
0 , 25
td
Prw1
.0,004
Prw1
Nhiet tai pha san pham nh:

q D = D .(t tbD t w1 ) =
1806,339
Prw1
0 , 25
(56,75 t w1 ) (W/m2)
(IV.9).
Vi tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san

pham nh (ngoai ong nho).
qt =
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong o:
+ tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc (trong
ong nho).
t
+ rt = + r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 1,6 (mm).
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 17,5
o
(W/m K).
Nhiet tr trung bnh cua lp ban trong ong vi
nc sach:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhiet tr lp cau pha san pham nh: r2 =
1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2034,884 (m2.oK/W).
Vay: qt = 2034,884.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.10).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong nho:
Van toc nc i trong ong:
vN =
GN
4
0,358
4
.
=
.
= 2,797 (m/s).
2
N .d tr 994,4 .0,0128 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
2,797.0,0128.994,4
Re N = N . tr N =
= 60373,6 > 104 : che o
N
0,7371.10 3
dang:
45

Nu N = 0,021. l . Re N
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
Pr N 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReN va ty
le chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong:ReN= 60373,6
chon l =1.
+ PrN : chuan so Prandlt cua nc 34oC, nen PrN
= 5.
+ Prw2 : chuan so Prandlt cua nc nhiet o
trung bnh cua vach.
Suy ra: Nu N =
193,204
Prw 2
0 , 25
He so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:

Nu N . N 193,204.0,6242 9421,714
=
=
N =
0 , 25
0, 25
d
tr
Prw 2
.0,0128
Prw 2
Nhiet tai pha nc lam lanh:

q N = N .(t w2 t tbN ) =
9421,714
Prw 2
0 , 25
(t w 2 34) (W/m2)
(IV.11).
Chon: tw1 = 42,65oC :

Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra
tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o
tw1=42,65oC:
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cR= 2841,64 (J/kg.o).
+ o nht ong lc: R = 0,9049.10-3 (N.s/m2).
R .c R 0,9049 .10 3.2841,64
=
= 13,081
Khi o xem:Prw1 ~
R
0,1966
T (IV.9): qD =
1806,339
.(56,75 42,65) = 13392,391 (W/m2).
13,0810, 25
Xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang ke: qt = qD

=13392,391 (W/m2).
qt
=36,069oC
2034,884
42,65 + 36,069
= 39,360 oC
=
2
t w1 + t w 2
2
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], Prw2 = 4,386

T (IV.11): qN =
9421,714
.(36,069 34) = 13470,483 (W/m2).
4,386 0, 25
46
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Kiem tra sai so:

qN q D
qD
13470,483 13392,391
13392,391
=0,58% < 5% : thoa.
Vay: tw1 = 42,65oC va tw2 = 36,069oC.

9421,714
= 6510,625 (W/m2.oC).
4,386 0, 25
1806,339
D =
= 949,815 (W/m2.oC).
13,0810, 25
1
K=
= 588,977
1
1
1
T (IV.8):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
6510,625 2034,884 949,815
Khi o:
N =

Ftb =
17,967.1000
= 1,65 (m2).
588,977.18,478

L
1,65
= 36,489
0,016 + 0,0128
(m).
.
2
Chon: L = 40(m),(d tr khoang 15%).

Kiem tra:
L
40
=
= 3125 > 50 th l = 1: thoa.
d tr 0,0128
Vay: thiet b lam mat san pham nh la thiet b

truyen nhiet ong long ong vi chieu dai ong truyen
nhiet L = 40(m), chia thanh 10 day, moi day dai 4 (m).
3 . Noi un gia nhiet san pham ay:
Chon noi un gia nhiet san pham ay la noi un Kettle,

ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong 25x2.
Chon hi ot la hi nc 2 at, i trong ong 25x2. Tra tai
lieu tham khao [4(tap1)], ta co:
+ Nhiet o soi: tsN = 119,6oC.
+ An nhiet ngng tu: rN = 2208 (KJ/kg).
San pham ay trc khi vao noi un co nhiet o la t1
= 99oC (do x1=0,0096 ), nhiet o ra la tW = 100oC.
a . Suat lng hi nc can dung :
Lng nhiet can tai cung cap cho ay thap: Q = 553,756
(KW).
Suat lng hi nc can dung:
47
GhN =
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Qd 553,756
=
= 0,25 (Kg/s).
rN
2208

truyen nhiet:
Ftb =
,(m2)
(IV.12).

Xac nh tlog :
t log =
Qd
K .t log
(119,6 99) (119,6 100)

= 20,096 o
119,6 99
( K).
Ln
119,6 100

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.13).
Vi: + N : he so cap nhiet cua hi nc (W/m2.oK).

+ D : he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay
2 o
(W/m . K).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi nc:
He so cap nhiet cua hi nc c xac nh theo
cong thc:
rN
N = 0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
73,415. A
=
(119,6 t w1 ) 0, 25
0 , 25
2208 .1000
= 0,725. A.
(119,6 t w1 ).0,021
0 , 25
Vi: + tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi

nc(trong ong).
+ A : he so phu thuoc vao tnh chat vat ly
nc theo nhiet o, c tra tai lieu tham khao
[2].
Nhiet tai pha hi:
q N = N .(t sN t w1 ) = 73,415. A.(119,6 t w1 ) 0, 75 (W/m2) (IV.14).
48

qt =
t w1 t w 2
rt
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
, (W/m2).
Trong o:
+ tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san
pham ay (ngoai ong).
t
+ rt = + r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 2 (mm).
(W/moK).
nc sach: r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhiet tr lp cau pha san pham ay: r2
=1/500(m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Vay: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.15).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay:
He so cap nhiet cua san pham ay c xac
nh theo cong thc (che o soi sui bot va xem san
pham ay nh la nc):
D =
4186,8
.39.p0,5.(tw2 100)2,33
3600
Vi: + p: ap suat e at nhiet o soi cua san

pham ay, khi o
p = 1 at = 105 (N/m2).
Suy ra: D = 14343,143(tw2 100)2,33
Nhiet tai pha san pham ay:
q D = D .(t w 2 100) = 14343,143(t w 2 100) 3,33 (W/m2) (IV.16).
Chon: tw1 = 116,655oC :
Khi o, nhiet o trung bnh
119,6 + 116,655
= 118,128oC
2
ta tra c
A = 187,1574
T (IV.14): qN =73,415.187,1574.(119,6-116,655)0,75
= 30889,133(W/m2).
Xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang ke: qt = qN
=30889,133 (W/m2).
T (IV.15), ta co: tw2 = tw1-
qt
=100,769oC
1944,444
49
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
T (IV.16): qD =14343,143.(100,769100)3,33=31708,196(W/m2).
Kiem tra sai so:
=
qN q D
qD
30889,133 31708,196
30889,133
=2,65% < 5% : thoa.
Vay: tw1 = 116,655oC va tw2 = 100,769oC.

Khi o:
N =
73,415.187,1574
= 10488,670 (W/m2.oC).
(119,6 116,655) 0, 25
D = 14343,143.(100,769 100) 3,33 = 24986,758 (W/m2.oC).

1
K=
= 1539,295
1
1
1
T (IV.13):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
10488,670 1944,444 24986,758
553,756.1000
Ftb =
= 17,9 (m2).
1539,295.20,096
Chon so ong truyen nhiet: n = 91 (ong).
Chieu dai ong truyen nhiet:
17,9
=
= 2,723
0,025 + 0,021
L
(m).
.91.
2
Chon: L = 2,8(m),(d tr khoang 10%).
Vay: noi un gia nhiet san pham ay la thiet b truyen
nhiet vo - ong vi so ong n = 91, chieu dai ong truyen
nhiet L = 2,8(m).
Ong c bo tr theo hnh luc giac eu. Nen ta co so
ong tren ng cheo hnh luc giac: b = 9(ong). Chon
bc ngang gia hai ong: t = 1,4.dng = 1,4.0,025 = 0,035 (m).
ng knh vo thiet b: Dv = t.(b-1)+4.dng = 0,035(91)+4.0,025
= 0,380(m).
4 . Thiet b trao oi nhiet gia nhap lieu va

san pham ay:
Chon thiet b thiet b trao oi nhiet gia nhap lieu va

san pham ay la thiet b truyen nhiet ong long ong.
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong trong: 25x2 ; kch thc ong ngoai: 38x2.
Dong nhap lieu i trong ong 25x2 (ong trong) vi nhiet
o au: tF = 28oC.
50
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
San pham ay i trong ong 38x2 (ong ngoai)vi nhiet

o au: tW = 100oC, nhiet o cuoi: tW = 60oC.
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham ay c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbW =
t 'W +tW
=80oC:
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cW = 4,195 (KJ/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: W = 971,8 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: W = 0,355.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: W = 0,675 (W/moK).
a . Nhiet o dong nhap lieu sau khi trao oi nhiet
vi san pham ay:
Suat lng san pham ay:
GW = W.MW = 55,767.18,053 = 1006,76 (Kg/h).
Lng nhiet can tai:
Qt =
1006,76
GW
.cW.(tW-tW) =
.4,195.(100-60)= 46,926
3600
3600
(KW).
28oC, ta xem nhiet dung rieng cua san pham nh

la hang so, hay nhiet dung rieng cua ru cR = 2,595
(KJ/kg.o).
Suy ra: cF = cR . x F +(1- x F ).4,18 = 2,595.0,3108+(10,3108).4,18
= 3,687 (KJ/kg.o).
Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi trao oi nhiet vi
san pham ay:
Qt
+ t'F =
tF = c F .G F
46,926
+ 28
1500
= 58,55oC.
3,687.
3600
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra

tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung
bnh ttbF =
t" F +t ' F 58,55 + 28

=
= 43,275 oC:
2
2
+ Khoi lng rieng: F = 954,37 (Kg/m3).

+ o nht ong lc: F = 1,06.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: F = 0,5184 (W/moK).
truyen nhiet:
51
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.17).

Xac nh tlog :
t log =
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
(100 58,55) (60 28)

= 36,52 o
100 58,55
( K).
Ln
60 28

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
W
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.18).
Vi: + F : he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu

(W/m2.oK).
+ W : he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay
2 o
(W/m . K).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu
ong trong:
Van toc dong nhap lieu i trong ong:
vF =
GF
4
1500
4
.
=
.
= 1,26 (m/s).
2
3600. F .d tr 3600.954,37 .0,0212
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
1,26.0,021.954,37
Re F = F tr F =
= 23832,72 > 104 : che o
3
F
1,06.10
dang:
Nu F = 0,021. l . Re F
0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReF va ty
le chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong:ReF=
23832,72,chon l =1.
+ PrF : chuan so Prandlt cua dong nhap lieu
43,275oC, nen
52
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
F .c F 1,06.10 3.3687
=
PrF =
= 7,539.
F
0,5184
+ Prw2 : chuan so Prandlt cua dong nhap lieu
nhiet o trung bnh cua vach.
195,346
Suy ra: Nu F =
0 , 25
Prw2
He so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu trong ong:
Nu F . F 195,346.0,5184 4822,267
=
=
N = d
0, 25
0 , 25
Prw 2 .0,021
Prw 2
tr
Nhiet tai pha dong nhap lieu:
4822,267
q F = F .(t w 2 t tbF ) =
(t w 2 43,275) (W/m2) (IV.19).
0 , 25
Prw 2
Vi: tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi dong
nhap lieu (trong ong nho).
t t
qt = w1 w 2 , (W/m2).
rt
Trong o:
+ tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san
pham ay (trong ong nho).
t
+ rt = + r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 2(mm).

(W/moK).

nc sach:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Vay: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.20).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay
ngoai ong nho:
Van toc nc i trong ong ngoai:
vW =
GW
4
1006,76
4
.
=
.
2
2
2
3600. W .( D tr d ng ) 3600 .971,8 .(0,034 0,025 2 )
= 0,69(m/s).
53
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,034- 0,025 =

0,009 (m).
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
0,69.0,009.971,8
Re W = W td W =
= 16289,9 > 104 : che o
W
0,355.10 3
dang:
NuW = 0,021. l . Re W
0 ,8
PrW
0 , 43
.(
PrW 0, 25
)
Prw1
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReW va ty
le chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong:ReW=16289,9
,chon l =1.
+ PrW : chuan so Prandlt cua san pham ay
80oC, xem san pham gan nh la nc nen PrW =
2,21.
Suy ra: NuW =
70,114
Prw1
0 , 25
He so cap nhiet cua san pham ay trong ong

ngoai:
NuW .W
70,114.0,675 5258,569
=
=
W =
0 , 25
0 , 25
d
td
Prw1
.0,009
Prw1
Nhiet tai pha san pham ay:

qW = W .(t tbD t w1 ) =
5258,569
Prw1
0 , 25
(80 t w1 ) (W/m2)
(IV.21).
Chon: tw1 = 72,1oC :

Khi o xem:Prw1 ~ 2,487 (tra tw1).
T (IV.21): qW =
5258,569
.(80 72,1) = 33080,779 (W/m2).
2,487 0, 25
Xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang ke: qt = qW

=33080,779 (W/m2).
qt
=55,087oC
1944,444
72,1 + 55,087
= 63,594 oC
=
2
t w1 + t w 2
2
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua dong nhap lieu c tra

tai lieu tham khao
[4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbw = 63,594 oC:
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cR = 3,947 (KJ/kg.o).
54
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
+ o nht ong lc: R = 0,6987.10-3 (N.s/m2).

c .
3947.0,6987.10 3
Khi o: Prw2 = R R =
= 5,033
R
0,5479
T (IV.19): qF =
4822,267
.(55,087 43,275) = 33174,028 (W/m2).
0 , 25
5,033
Kiem tra sai so:

=
qW q F
qW
33080,779 33174,028
33080,779
=0,282% < 5%: thoa.
Vay: tw1 = 72,1oC va tw2 = 55,087oC.

5258,569
= 4187,440 (W/m2.oC).
2,487 0, 25
4822,267
F =
= 3219,529 (W/m2.oC).
5,033 0, 25
1
K=
= 940,145
1
1
1
T (IV.18):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
3219,529 1944,444 4187,440
W =
Khi o:

Ftb =
46,926.1000
= 1,367 (m2).
940,145.35,119

L
1,367
= 18,9
0,025 + 0,021
(m).
.
2

Kiem tra:
L
20
=
= 952,38 > 50 th l = 1: thoa.
d tr 0,021
Vay: thiet b trao oi nhiet gia dong nhap lieu la

thiet b truyen nhiet ong long ong vi chieu dai ong
truyen nhiet L = 20(m), chia thanh 10 day, moi day dai 2
(m).
5 . Thiet gia nhiet nhap lieu :

Chon thiet b gia nhiet nhap lieu la thiet b truyen
nhiet ong long ong. Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang
thep X18H10T, kch thc ong trong:25x2; kch thc ong
ngoai: 38x2.
Dong nhap lieu i trong ong 25x2 (ong trong) vi nhiet
o au: tF =58,55oC ,nhiet o cuoi: tF =84,85oC.
55
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Chon hi ot la hi nc 1 at, i trong ong 38x2(ong

ngoai). Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co:
+ Nhiet o soi: tsN = 100oC.
+ An nhiet ngng tu: rN = 2260 (KJ/kg).
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua dong nhap lieu c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbF =
t " F +t F
=71,7oC:
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cF = 3,968 (KJ/kg.o).

+ o nht ong lc: F = 0,5786.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: F = 0,5652 (W/moK).
a . Suat lng hi nc can dung :
Lng nhiet can tai cung cap cho dong nhap lieu:
Qc =
1500
GF
.cF.(tF tF) =
.3,968.(84,85 58,55)=43,48
3600
3600
(KW).
Suat lng hi nc can dung:
GhN =
Qc 43,48
=
= 0,0192 (Kg/s).
rN
2260

truyen nhiet:
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
(IV.22).

Xac nh tlog :
t log =
,(m2)
(100 58,55) (100 84,85)

= 23,832 o
100 58,55
( K).
Ln
100 84,85

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
N
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.23).
Vi: + F : he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu

(W/m2.oK).
56
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
+ N : he so cap nhiet cua hi nc (W/m2.oK).

* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu trong
ong nho:
Van toc dong nhap lieu i trong ong ngoai:
vF =
GF
4
1500
4
.
=
.
= 1,2825 (m/s).
2
3600. F .d ng 3600.937,58 .0,021 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
1,2825 .0,009.937,58
Re F = F td F =
= 4366261 > 104 : che o
F
0,5786 .10 3
dang:
Nu F = 0,021. l . Re F
0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReW va ty
le chieu dai ong vi ng knh
ong:ReF=4366262,chon l =1.
+ PrF : chuan so Prandlt cua dong nhap lieu
74,033oC, nen
c .
3968 .0,5786.10 3
PrF = F F =
= 4,062
F
0,5652
Suy ra: Nu F =
249,521
0 , 25
Prw 2
He so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu trong ong

nho:
Nu F . F 249,521.0,5652 6715,679
=
=
F = d
0 , 25
0 , 25
td
Prw 2
.0,009
Prw 2
Nhiet tai pha dong nhap lieu:

q F = F .(t w 2 t tbF ) =
6715,679
Prw 2
0 , 25
(t w 2 71,7) (W/m2)
(IV.24).
Vi tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi dong

nhap lieu (trong ong nho).
qt =
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong o:
57
(W/moK).
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
+ tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi nc

(ngoai ong nho).
t
+ rt = + r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 2(mm).

nc sach:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Vay: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.25).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi nc trong ong
nho:
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,034- 0,025 = 0,009
(m)
He so cap nhiet cua hi nc c xac nh theo
cong thc:
rN
N= 0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d td
91,265. A
=
(100 t w1 ) 0, 25
0 , 25
2260.1000
= 0,725. A.
(100 t w1 ).0,009
0 , 25
Vi: + A : he so phu thuoc vao tnh chat vat ly

nc theo nhiet o, c tra tai lieu tham khao
[2].
Nhiet tai pha hi nc:
q N = N .(t sN t w1 ) = 91,265. A.(100 t w1 ) 0,75 (W/m2) (IV.26).
Chon: tw1 = 97,15oC :
Khi o, nhiet o trung bnh
100 + 97,15
= 98,575oC ta tra
2
c A = 178,36
T (IV.26): qN =91,265.178,36.(100 97,15)0,75
= 35705,52(W/m2).
Xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang ke: qt = qW
=35705,52 (W/m2).
T (IV.25), ta co: tw2 = tw1-
qt
=78,79oC
1944,444
58
Suy ra: ttbw =
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
97,15 + 78,79
t w1 + t w 2
= 88,06 oC
=
2
2
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua dong nhap lieu c tra

tai lieu tham khao
[4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbw = 88,06 oC:
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cR = 4,0204 (KJ/kg.o).
+ o nht ong lc: R = 0,4517.10-3 (N.s/m2).
c .
4,0204.0,4517.10 3
Khi o: Prw2 = R R =
= 3,088
R
0,588
T (IV.24): qF =
6715,679
.(78,79 71,7) = 35903,98 (W/m2).
3,088 0, 25
Kiem tra sai so:

qN q F
qN
35705,52 35903,98
35903,98
=0,56% < 5%: thoa.
Vay: tw1 = 97,15oC va tw2 = 78,79oC.

91,265.178,36
= 12868,909 (W/m2.oC).
(100 97,15) 0, 25
6715,679
F =
= 5066,063 (W/m2.oC).
3,088 0, 25
1
K=
= 1266,810
1
1
1
T (IV.23):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
5066,063 1944,444 12868,909
Khi o:
N =

Ftb =
43,48.1000
= 1,314 (m2).
1266,81.26,13

L
1,314
= 18,18
0,025 + 0,021
(m).
.
2

Kiem tra:
L
20
=
= 952,38 > 50 th l = 1: thoa.
d tr 0,021
Vay: thiet b gia nhiet dong nhap lieu la thiet b

truyen nhiet ong long ong vi chieu dai ong truyen
nhiet L = 20(m), chia thanh 10 day, moi day dai 2 (m).
II . TNH TOAN BM NHAP LIEU:

1 . Tnh chieu cao bon cao v:
59
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Chon ng knh ong dan nguyen lieu (nhap lieu): d = 50

(mm), o nham cua ong =0,1(mm).
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbF =
t F + t'F
= 56,425 oC:
2

+ o nht ong lc: F = 0,7978.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Van toc cua dong nhap lieu trong ong dan:
vF =
QF
4
1500
4
.
=
.
= 0,217 (m/s).
2
3600. F .d
3600.947,513 .0,05 2
a . Ton that ng ong dan:

l1
vF 2
h1 = 1 . + 1 .
d1
2.g
(m).
Vi: + 1 : he so ma sat trong ng ong.

+ l1 : chieu dai ng ong dan, chon l1 = 20(m).
+ d1 : ng knh ong dan, d1 = d = 0,05(m).
+ 1 : tong he so ton that cuc bo.
+ vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan, vF =
0,149(m/s).
* Xac nh 1 :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu trong ong:
v .d .
0,217.0,05.947,513
Re 1 = F 1 F =
= 13253,3
F
0,7978 .10 3
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co:
8
d 7
50
+ Chuan so Reynolds ti han: Regh1= 6. 1 = 6.

0,1
=7289,343
+ Chuan so Reynolds khi bat au xuat hien vung
nham:
9
d 8
50 8
Ren1= 220. 1 = 220. =23,9.104.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chay qua o, khi
o (tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)]):
0 , 25
100
= 0,0345
1= 0,1.1,46. +
d1
Re 1
* Xac nh 1:
60
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
He so ton that cua dong nhap lieu qua:

+ 10 cho uon cong: u1=10.1,1 = 11.
+ 3 van (van cau): v1= 3.10 = 30.
+ 1 lan ot thu: t1 = 0,5.
+ 1 lan ot m: m1 = 1.
+ 1 lu lng ke: l1 = 0 (khong ang ke).
Suy ra: 1 = u1 + v1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 42,5.
Vay:Ton that ng ong dan: h1= 0,0345 .
20
0,217 2
+ 42,5 .
0,05
2.9,81
=0,135(m).
b . Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b trao oi
nhiet:
v2 2
l2
h2 = 2 . + 2 .
d2
2.g
(m).

+ l2 : chieu dai ng ong dan, l2 = 20(m).
+ d2 : ng knh ong dan, d2 = 0,021(m).
+ v2 : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan, v2
= 1,26(m/s).
* Xac nh 2 :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu:(xem lai muc
IV.I.4)
Re2= 32320,9
8
7
d
21

0,1
=2704,68.
nham:
9
8
d
21 8
Ren2= 220. 2 = 220. =90140,38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Re2 < Ren2: khu vc chay qua o, khi
0 , 25
100
= 0,0334
2= 0,1.1,46. +
d2
Re 2
* Xac nh 2:
61
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

+ 9 cho ong cong quay ngc: q2=9.2,2 = 19,8.
+ 1 cho uon cong: u2= 1,1.
+ 1 lan co hep: c2 = 0,385.
+ 1 lan m rong: m2
0,0212
= 1
0,05 2
= 0,6783 .
Suy ra: 2 = u2 + q2 + c2+ m 2 =21,963.

Vay:Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b trao oi
20
1,26 2
+ 21,963 .
nhiet: h2= 0,0334 .
=4,217(m).
0,021
2.9,81
c . Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b gia

nhiet nhap lieu:
v2
l
h3 = 3 . 3 + 3 . 3
d3
2.g
(m).

+ l3 : chieu dai ng ong dan, l3 = 20(m).
+ d3 : ng knh ong dan, d3 = 0,021(m).
+ v3 : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan, v3
= 1,2825(m/s).
* Xac nh 3 :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu:(xem lai muc
IV.I.5)
Re3= 32898,059
8
21
d 7

0,1
=2704,68.
nham:
9
d 8
21 8
Ren3= 220. 3 = 220. =90140,38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh3 < Re3 < Ren3: khu vc chay qua o, khi
0 , 25
100
= 0,0319
3= 0,1.1,46. +
d3
Re 3
* Xac nh 3:
62
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

+ 9 cho ong cong quay ngc: q3=9.2,2 = 19,8.
+ 1 cho uon cong: u3= 1,1.
+ 1 lan co hep: c2 = 0,385.
+ 1 lan m rong: m2
0,0212
= 1
0,05 2
= 0,6783 .
Suy ra: 3 = u3 + q3 + c3+ m 3 =21,963.

Vay:Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b gia
20
1,2825 2
+ 21,963 .
nhiet: h3= 0,0319.
=4,388(m).
0,021
2.9,81
Chon : + Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong

bon cao v.
+ Mat cat (2-2) la mat cat tai v tr nhap lieu
thap.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
2
P P v v1
hay z1 = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
Vi: + z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, hay

xem nh la chieu cao bon cao v Hcv = z1.
+ z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, hay
xem nh la chieu cao t v tr nhap lieu ti mat at:
z2 = hchan + hnap + (Nchng+1) .(h + mam )
= 0,145 + 0,215 + 11.(0,3 + 0,003) = 3,693 (m).
+ P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at.
+ P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2).
Xem P=P2 P1 =Ncat .htl = 42 . 419,25 = 17608,5 (N/m2).
+ v1 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1), xem v1 = 0(m/s).
+ v1 : van toc tai v tr nhap lieu, v1 = vF = 0,217 (m/s).
+ hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 + h3 = 0,135 + 4,217 + 4,388 = 8,74(m).
2
Vay: Chieu cao bon cao v: Hcv
P P v v1
= z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
17608,5
0,217 2 0
+
=3,693 +
+ 8,74
947,513.9,81
2.9,81
Chon Hcv = 15(m).
= 14,274(m).
63
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
2 . Chon bm:
Lu lng nhap lieu: VF =
GF
1500
=
= 1,539 (m3/h).
F 947,513
Chon bm co nang suat la Qb = 1,7 (m3/h).ng knh ong

hut, ong ay bang nhau va bang 21(mm),ngha la chon
ong 25x2.
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh tF =
28 oC:
+ o nht ong lc: F = 1,772.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong hut va ay:
vh = v d =
4.Qb
3600. .d h
4.1,7
= 1,363(m/s).
3600 . ,0,0212
Tong tr lc trong ong hut va ong ay:

hhd
lh + ld
vh 2
.
+
=
h
d .
d
h
2.g
Vi: + lh : chieu dai ong hut, chon lh = 2,5 (m).

+ ld : chieu dai ong ay, chon ld = 15,5 (m).
+ h : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut.
+ d : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay.
+ : he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay.
* Xac nh :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu:
v h .d h . F 1,363.0,021.964,2
=
Re=
=15574,65.
F
1,772.10 3
8
7
d
21
+ Chuan so Reynolds ti han: Regh= 6. h = 6.

0,1
=2704,68.
nham:
d
Ren= 220. h

21 8
= 220. =90140,38.
0,1
Suy ra: Regh < Re < Ren: khu vc chay qua o, khi o
(tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)]):
64
100
= 0,1.1,46. +
d h Re
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

0 , 25
= 0,034
* Xac nh h:
He so ton that cuc bo trong ong hut qua:
+ 1 van cau: vh= 10.
+ 1 lan vao mieng thu nho: t = 5.
Suy ra: h = vh =10.
* Xac nh d:
He so ton that cuc bo trong ong ay qua:
+ 1 van cau: vd= 10.
+ 2 lan uon goc: u =2.1,1 = 2,2.
Suy ra: h = vd + u =12,2.
Vay:Ton that trong ong hut va ong ay:
hhd = 0,034.
2,5 + 15,5
1,363 2
+ 10 + 12,2 .
=4,86(m).
0,021
2.9,81
Chon : + Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong

bon cha nguyen lieu.
+ Mat cat (2-2) la mat thoang chat long trong
bon cao v.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
z1 +
2
2
P1
P2
v
v
+ 1 + Hb= z2 +
+ 2 +hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
Vi: + z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at.

+ z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at.
+ v1,v2 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1) va(2-2), xem
v1=v2= 0(m/s).
+ hf1-2 =hhd: tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en
(2-2).
+ Hb : cot ap cua bm.
Suy ra: Hb = (z2 z1) + hhd = Hcv + hhd = 15 +4,86
=19,86(m.chat long)
Chon hieu suat cua bm: b = 0,8.
Cong suat thc te cua bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g 1,7.19,86.964,2.9,81
=
3600 . b
3600.0,8
= 110,08(W) = 0,148 (hp).
65
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Tom lai: e am bao thap hoat ong lien tuc ta chon

2 bm li tam loai XM v Qb = 1,7 (m3/h) va ru la
chat khong oc hai.
66
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
CHNG V : GIA THANH THIET

B.
I . TNH S BO GIA THANH CUA THIET B:
Lng thep X18H10T can dung:

G1 = 30m1+53.m2+ m3+ 2.m4 = 30.18,144 +53.6,567 +
893,54 + 2.14,694 = 1815,3 (Kg).
Lng thep CT3 can dung:
G2 = Gbch ghep ong dan
= (2.4. .(0,1502-0,0602).0,012 + 2.1. . (0,262-0,1502) .

4
0,016). 7850
= 29,633 (Kg).
So lng bulong can mua:

n = 15.24 + 4.6 = 384 (bulong).
The tch vat lieu cach nhiet can dung:

V = .(Dt + St ). a .H = .(0,7 + 0,003).0,02.14,5 = 0,754(m3).
Chieu dai ong dan:

* Ong 25mm: L1= Lb +LTBTN +LTBGN +Lnoi un +LTBnt +LTBln
= 18+ 20 + 20 + 91.2,8 + 117.2 + 20.2
~587(m).
* Ong (31-50)mm: L2= Ldan + LTBGN +LTBTN +l1 = 40 +20 +20
+20
= 100(m)
* Ong 100mm: chon ong dan hi nh va ay
thap: L3 = 10(m).
Knh quan sat: ng knh la:100(mm), day 5(mm).
S = 2. 0,12 = 0,0157(m2).
4
Bo phan noi cong ong:

Nhng cho quay ngc ong ta dung 2 bo phan noi
ong cong 90o.
* Noi ong 25mm: 11.2 + 1 + 2.2 = 27 (cai).
* Noi ong (31-50)mm: 10 + 11.2 + 1 = 33 (cai).
Vay: so tien mua vat t che tao thiet b la
113292834 (ong).
Tien gia cong che tao thiet b(gia cong phc tap, o
chnh xac cao) bang 500% tien vat t: 500%.113292834 =
566464170 (ong).
67
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Tom lai: Chi ph au t: 679757004(ong). Tong chi phi

au t (bao gom chi ph phat sinh) c chon la 700
(trieu ong).
Thanh
tien
Vat lieu
So lng
n ga
Thep X18H10T
1815,3 (kg)
50000 (/kg)
90765000
Thep CT3
29,633 (kg)
384
(bulong)
296330
1152000
0,745 (m3)
10000 (/kg)
3000
(/bulong)
4000000
(/m3)
Ong dan 25mm

Ong dan (3150)mm
587 (m)
15000 (/m)
8805000
100 (m)
20000 (/m)
2000000
Ong dan 100mm

Bo phan noi
25mm
Bo phan noi (3150)mm
10 (m)
400000
27 (cai)
Bm
2.0,148 (hp)
Ap ke t ong
Nhiet ke ien tr
t ghi
Lu lng ke
(<50mm)
Knh quan sat day
5mm
1 (cai)
40000 (/m)
30000
(/cai)
50000
(/cai)
700000
(/hp)
600000
(/cai)
Bulong
Vat lieu cach
nhiet
33 (cai)
5 (cai)
2 (cai)
6.0,0157
(m2)
Van thep 25mm

Van thep (3150)mm
5 (cai)
Racco noi ong
8 (cai)
8 (cai)
Tong cong
200000 (cai)
1000000
(/cai)
120000
(/m2)
20000
(/cai)
30000
(/cai)
30000
(/cai)
3016000
810000
1650000
89600
600000
1000000
2000000
11304
100000
240000
240000
113292834
II . KET LUAN:
68
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
Sau ba thang nghien cu, em a tm hieu va hoc tap

c cac van e:
+ Thiet ke c thap chng cat Etanol Nc tng oi
hoan chnh khi biet trc nang suat, nong o nhap lieu
va nong o, o thu hoi cua san pham nh.
+ Tnh toan tng oi chi tiet qua trnh lam viec cua
thiet bva kha nang chu ben cua thiet b ve tnh an
mon c hoc va hoa hoc, cung nh ieu kien lam viec cua
thiet b.
+ S bo tnh c chi ph au t ban au cho thap chng
cat.
ac tnh ky thuat cua thiet b chng cat a thiet ke
ng vi cac thong so a cho ban au:
+ T so hoan lu thch hp: R = 2,9497.
+ So mam chng cat thc te: 53 mam.
+ ng knh thap chng cat: 700 mm.
+ ng knh lo tren mam: 5 mm.
+ Be day mam: 3 mm.
+ So lo tren mot mam: 1764 lo.
+ Tr lc cua toan thap: 22149,52 N/m2.
+ Khoang cach gia hai mam: 300 mm.
+ Chieu cao thap: 17,071 m.
+ Than ay nap lam bang thep X18H10T, co be
day: 3 mm.
+ Bch ghep than ay nap lam bang thep X18H10T,
loai bch lien khong co.
+ Bch ghep ong dan lam bang thep CT3, loai bch lien
khong co.
+ ng knh ong dan chat long: 60 mm.
+ ng knh ong dan hi: 150 mm.
u va nhc iem cua thap chng cat mam xuyen lo
c tom tat phan au (chng I, muc I.2).
69
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
70
GVHD : Le Xuan Hai
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] . Vo Van Ban, Vu Ba Minh Qua trnh va thiet b
cong nghe hoa hoc, truyen khoi(tap 3) Trng ai Hoc
Bach Khoa TP.HCM.
[2] . Pham Van Bon, Vu Ba Minh, Hoang Minh Nam Qua
trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa hoc, V du va bai tap(tap
10) - Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa TP.HCM.
[3] . Pham Van Bon, Nguyen nh Tho - Qua trnh va thiet
b cong nghe hoa hoc, Qua trnh va thiet b truyen
nhiet(tap 5) Nha xuat ban ai Hoc Quoc Gia TP.HCM.
[4] . So tay qua trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa chat
(tap 1, 2) Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat.
[5] . Ho Le Vien Thiet ke va tnh toan cac chi tiet
thiet b hoa chat Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat
Ha Noi 1978.
[6] . Tap the giang vien Bo Mon C Lu Chat Giao
Trnh C Lu Chat Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa TP.HCM.
71

Xuyen Lo

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AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

3 . Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong :

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

Mot trong nhng nganh co s ong gop to ln en

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

CHNG I : TONG QUAN.

Chng cat la qua trnh phan tach hon hp long (hoac

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

* Chng cat hon hp hai cau t (dung thiet b hoat

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

2 . Thiet b chng cat:

Trong san xuat thng s dung rat nhieu loai thap

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

Nhan xet: thap mam xuyen lo la trang thai trung

II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU :

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

* Phan ng tren nhom hydroxyl:

* Phan ng hydro va oxy hoa:

ng dung: etanol co nhieu ng dung hn metanol, no

+ Thuoc sung khong

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

S o tom tat v tr cua etanol trong cac nganh

3 . Hon hp Etanol Nc:

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

III. CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ETANOL NC:

Etanol la mot chat long tan vo han trong H2O, nhiet o

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

* Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe:

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

CHNG II : CAN BANG VAT

Nang suat nhap lieu : GF = 1500 (Kg/h) .

Nong o nhap lieu : xF = 15%mol etanol.

Nong o san pham nh : xD = 85%mol etanol .

II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM NH

Can bang vat chat cho toan thap :

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong nhap lieu :

* Phan mol san pham nh : xD =0,85 (phan mol

Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham

III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP:

T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai

Vay : t so hoan lu toi thieu : Rmin = 2,269

2. T so hoan lu thch hp:

Khi R tang, so mam se giam nhng ng knh thap

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : Le Xuan Hai

Tong chi ph bao gom : chi ph co nh va chi ph ieu