Tnh chuyn nghip ca ngh dch thut

1. Nhu cu dch thut Vit Nam ngy cng pht trin, t nc ngy cng i mi, quan h quc t m rng khng ngng, nhu cu v ngoi ng gia tng v mt iu ng mng l s ngi thng tho ngoi ng tng ln ng k nh s quan tm, u t ca Nh nc, ca cc c quan, doanh nghip v c nhn cho vic ging dy v hc tp ngoi ng, trong nc cng nh du hc nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, iu khng lm gim i vai tr ca cng tc dch thut, ngc li, s lng vn bn, ti liu, tin tc cn chuyn dch ngy mt nhiu. Cc phng tin thng tin i chng nh pht thanh, truyn hnh, bo ch cn chuyn dch thng tin t ting nc ngoi sang ting Vit truyn ti ti qung i cng chng. Cc hp ng, vn kin d n, d liu cn c dch trong cc giao dch hnh chnh, thng mi, hp tc quc t cng tng mnh. Cc tc phm in nh nc ngoi cn c thuyt minh hoc ph ting Vit. Phn mm my tnh cn c Vit ho, to thun tin cho ngi s dng. Cc lp o to, tp hun do chuyn gia nc ngoi ging dy cn c phin dch nhiu ngi tham gia hc tp hn. C th k ra v vn yu cu dch thut khc. R rng nhu cu dch thut hin nay ang ngy cng a dng, gia tng v tng mnh. 2. Thc trng Vy thc trng cng tc dch thut nhng nm gn y ra sao? Theo hiu bit cha y ca chng ti, s lng cn b c th m nhn cng vic phin/bin dch vi cht lng cao hin nay khng nhiu. Th h nhng dch gi lng danh, c rt nhiu bn dch cc tc phm tiu biu ca vn hc Nga, Php, Anh, c, Trung Quc, v.v. nh c Hiu, Thi B Tn, Thu Ton ch m trn u ngn tay, a s kh cao tui v khng th lm cng tc phin dch vn d kh cng thng v i hi s nhanh nhy. Th h th hai chuyn su vo cng tc phin dch hn l bin dch, nhng a phn hin ang gi nhng chc v quan trng trong B Ngoi giao, V Hp tc quc t cc b hoc cc trng i hc nn cng khng c nhiu thi gian tham gia cng vic ny. Th h th ba nh chng ti hin ang ging dy ti cc trng i hc vi s lng sinh vin kh ln, khi lng cng vic nng n nn cng khng c nhiu ngi c iu kin thng xuyn tham gia phin/bin dch. Ch yu cng vic phin dch hin nay do th h th t gm sinh vin ngoi ng mi ra trng t nm m nhim. Cn cng tc bin dch k c dch cc tc phm vn hc, c mt s lng ng o nhng ngi bit ngoi ng thc hin. Cng sc ca h tht l to ln, lng sn phm h to ra tht khng l. Du vy, nhn tng th, c th ni cng tc dch thut, c phin dch (dch ni) v bin dch (dch vit) nc ta cho n nay vn cha tr thnh mt ngh mang tnh chuyn nghip. Vic thiu chuyn nghip ho dn ti nhiu hu qu ng bun, thm ch nghim trng. Bo u t mt ln c ng bi B trng cu phin dch k li trng hp phin dch dch on ni v cng ti Proctor and Gambles l chng ti kinh doanh y nh nh bc, mc d ch Gambles y n gin ch l tn cng ti chng lin quan g ti c bc c. Ln khc, mt ngn ng lp trnh c tn Java c phin dch chuyn thnh chng ti th nghim phn mm ny Java (Indonesia). Li na, trong khi c gng th hin th hin s tc gin ca din gi i vi mt hin tng bc xc, phin dch thm c t bloody vo li dch, mt t cc k bt lch s trong mt khung cnh trang trng.

iu khin tt c c to nc ngoi ln v din gi lc chng hiu mnh ni g m h li c phn ng khc hn vi cc i biu Vit Nam nh vy. y mi ch l mt vi trng hp in hnh v phin dch m chng ti bit. Nhng sai st, nhm ln trong bin dch cn nhiu hn th. Mt s li thoi trong nhiu b phim c ngi bin dch bp mo, thm ch cn chnh ngc li 180 . Chng hn, We cant get through (trong tnh hung phi hiu l Khng xong ri) c chuyn thnh Chng ta khng th xuyn qua; We cant come to terms (Khng th thng nht)c chuyn thnh Chng ta khng th n k hc c. Nhng sai st ny li nhng hu qu rt ln, nht l i vi phng tin thng tin i chng nh truyn hnh, bo ch. Chng ta u hiu tc ng ca nhng phng tin ny n cng chng mnh n nhng no. R rt nht c th k n cu trc b ng kiu nh Chng trnh ny c ti tr bi Pond v m, Cun sch ny c vit bi Hemingway. Tip l kiu cu Ngi chi th hai tham gia chng trnh l ch Thanh Thu. Theo suy ngh ca chng ti, nhng kiu cu trc l lm, ngoi lai ny tr nn rt ph bin trong ngn ng hng ngy hin nay l do chng xut hin qu nhiu qua ngn t ca nhng MC trong nhiu chng trnh truyn hnh c cng chng a thch, nht l cc chng trnh tr chi ca VTV3(1). Do vy, vic s dng ngn t trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng ni chung v cng tc bin dch trong cc sn phm bo in, bo ni, bo hnh ni ring cn phi cc k cn trng, i hi cht lng v tnh chuyn nghip cao. 3. Nguyn nhn Nguyn nhn ca thc trng trn l do u? Trc ht, l do s thiu ht kin thc v k nng ca ngi tham gia cng tc dch thut. Ngi lm cng tc dch thut cn nhiu loi kin thc: ngn ng, vn ho, kin thc ph thng hay kin thc nn (general or background knowledge) v kin thc chuyn mn. H cn phi thng tho, c vn t vng phong ph, hiu bit thu o nhng vn ngn ng hc ca c hai ngn ng, hiu bit nhng tng ng v khc bit gia hai ngn ng khng nhng ch v ng php m cn v ng ngha v ng dng. Nhng hiu bit gn cht vi tri thc vn ho v t nc, con ngi, li sng, thi quen, phong tc tp qun ca hai cng ng ngn ng. n lt chng, tri thc vn ho li phi da trn mt nn tng tri thc bch khoa vng chc v lin tc c cp nht. Cui cng, mi mt chuyn ngnh c nhng thut ng, cch din t ring, phong cch ring, i hi ngi lm cng tc dch thut phi hiu c ch t l ngha, ni hm ca chng, du rng khng th su nh mt nh chuyn mn. Tic thay, vic o to ngoi ng chuyn ngnh ti nay vn cha t hiu qu cao, c v pha gio vin ln hc vin, nh inh Vn c v Kiu Chu nhn nh Cho n nay chng ta cha c mt chin lc o to i ng ngoi ng chuyn ngnh. Tuyt i b phn gio vin ca cc b mn ngoi ng khi dy chuyn ngnh u t hc v t tm li. Tnh du kch v phi chuyn nghip chnh l y.(2) iu ny dn ti nhiu thch thc i vi cng tc dch thut; nh chuyn mn gii th kh nng thnh tho ngoi ng li thp, ngi gii ngoi ng li thiu kin thc chuyn mn, v mt s ngi hi c hai phm cht ny mc thun thc tht qu t i. Bng chng c th thy nh embedded systems c cc chuyn gia tin hc dch l h thng nhng, environmentally friendly technology c cc nh mi trng dch l cng ngh thn mi trng. D nhin dch nh th c th vn kh chp, song nu h c kin thc ngn ng tt hn th la chn cch din t trong sng, d hiu hn. Song ngc li,

nu nhng thut ng nh trn c a cho nhng ngi ch bit ngoi ng m khng hiu bit v tin hc hay mi trng th cha chc tm c mt thut ng ph hp. Ngoi nhng thiu ht v kin thc, nhiu ngi lm phin dch hin nay cn thiu k nng. H khng hiu ht nhng i hi ca cng tc phin dch nn khng ch tm o luyn nhng k nng cn thit ca ngh ny, chng hn nh k nng ghi nh thng tin, ti to li tng ngi ni mi truyn t, k nng din thuyt trc cng chng (public speaking), v.v. y l hai nguyn nhn chnh dn ti tnh trng trn. Mt iu cn ni na l cch nhn nhn ca cng chng ni chung v ngi s dng phin/bin dch ni ring. C th ni cng vic phin/bin dch c bn cho n nay vn cha c coi l mt ngh thc s, mt cng vic c tnh chuyn nghip cao. a s ngi ta vn quan nim rng h ai thng tho ngoi ng l c th lm phin/bin dch c m khng hiu ht nhng i hi ca n. l mt quan nim sai lm. Khng phi ai bit ngoi ng l c th lm c phin/bin dch. Nhiu gio vin ngoi ng ging dy rt c uy tn, c trnh cao, c iu kin i hc nc ngoi v, song khi phi m nhn cng vic phin/bin dch vn gp kh khn, lng tng hay ni nm na l dch gy. Ngay c gio vin ging dy mn dch nhiu trng/khoa ngoi ng khng phi ai cng c th lm phin dch tt. Ngh ging dy ngoi ng ni chung v ging dy mn dch ni ring, ngh phin dch v ngh bin dch l nhng ngh c lin quan, tc ng n nhau rt ln, nhng khng phi ng nht m l nhng ngh ring bit. 4. Nhu cu o to v chun ho Qua nhng tho lun trn y, chng ti thit ngh vi t cch l mt ngh chuyn nghip, nhng ngi lm cng tc phin/bin dch cn c o to mt cch chuyn nghip, bi bn v cn phi chun ho. gn ht thp k u tin ca th k 21, th k ca kinh t tri thc, ca hng lot cc tiu chun nh ISO, GMP m cc nh sn xut, doanh nghip mi lnh vc kinh t, gio dc, y dc, v.v. phi m bo v tun th nu mun cung cp cho ngi s dng nhng sn phm, dch v c cht lng tn ti v pht trin trong th gii ton cu ho, cnh tranh mnh m hin nay. Ngh phin dch v ngh bin dch cng cn phi c nhng tiu chun chuyn nghip nh vy. Th na, ngi/c quan s dng phin/bin dch cng cn nhn thc r iu ny m bo cht lng ca cng vic. Cht lng ca mi hot ng, dch v, sn phm phi c s m bo, tun th ca c pha ngi sn xut/cung cp ln ngi s dng. Nu ngi s dng cn coi nh cht lng, t tho mn theo quan im min c c l c, bt lun tt xu, th cn c sn phm/dch v km, gy tc hi khng ch ngay trc mt m cn lu di v sau. Sn phm ca bin/phin dch cng khng phi l ngoi l. Nu tnh trng nghip d t nhng nm 60, 70 ca th k trc trong cng tc ny vn tip din th chng khc g hng ho sn phm ca chng ta vn ch theo kiu t sn t tiu, cht lng thp ch khng th xut khu, xm nhp th trng quc t c. Ni tm li, bi vit ny th hin mong mun cao nht ca chng ti l (i) chuyn nghip ho ngh bin/phin dch bng nhng tiu chun chuyn nghip, qua o to chuyn nghip; v (ii) ngi/c quan s dng bin/phin dch cn nhn thc v nh gi ng n tm quan trng ca ngh ny cng nh nhng i hi chuyn nghip ca n m bo cht lng..