Lecture 19 Wall Footings

All structural load-bearing walls must bear on footings. These footings in turn distribute the loads to the soil. If the loading on the soil exceeds the soil bearing capacity, undesirable settlement will occur, resulting in cracked walls, uneven floors, or potentially structural failure in extreme overloading.

Lecture 19 Page 1 of 10

Wall Footing Requirements: 1) Must distribute the loads evenly to the soil. 2) Bottom of footing must be deeper than the frost penetration or else frost heave will occur. 3) Must be well-drained to prevent wash-out. 4) Must bear on undisturbed (or engineered) soil.

Lecture 19 Page 2 of 10

Typical Allowable Soil Bearing Values per IBC Table 1804.2

Soil Type: Bedrock Sedimentary and foliated rock Sandy gravel and/or gravel
Allowable Soil Bearing (qa)*:

12,000 PSF 4,000 PSF 3,000 PSF Sand, silty sand, clayey sand, silty gravel, clayey gravel 2,000 PSF Clay, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey silt, silt, sandy silt 1,500 PSF Organics, peat, top soil NOT Recommended for use as footing bearing * = An increase of one-third is permitted when using alternate load combinations in IBC Section 1605.3.2 that include wind or earthquake loads.

Example
GIVEN: An 8 wide load-bearing poured-in-place concrete wall is to bear on a wall footing with the following: Service dead load on wall (incl. wall weight) = 8000 PLF Service live load on wall = 6000 PLF Allowable soil bearing = qa = 3000 PSF Depth to frost = 3-0 below finished grade Soil unit weight = 110 PCF Concrete fc = 3000 PSI Main steel tension reinforcing = #5 grade 60 bars Longitudinal shrinkage/temperature bars = #4 grade 60 bars Concrete cover = 3 per ACI

REQUIRED: Design the wall footing, including dimensions, and bar requirements. Step 1 Determine preliminary thickness of footing: Preliminary footing thickness 1(Wall width) 1(8) 12 TRY Preliminary footing thickness = 12

Lecture 19 Page 3 of 10

Step 2 Determine effective soil bearing, qe: qe = effective soil bearing = reduced soil bearing capacity resulting from weight of footing and weight of soil above footing (overburden) = (Allowable soil bearing) (weight of footing) (weight of soil) = qa (ftg. wt.) (soil wt.) Soil overburden Finished grade 2-0
Depth to frost = 3-0

1-0

qe qe = qa (ftg. wt.) (soil wt.) = 3000 PSF (1-0 thick(150 lb/ft3)) + ((2-0 thick(110 lb/ft3)) = 3000 PSF 150 PSF 220 PSF qe = 2630 PSF

Lecture 19 Page 4 of 10

Step 3 Determine required width of footing, wf: Ptotal = SERVICE LOADS =PDL + PLL = 8000 PLF + 6000 PLF = 14,000 PLF

qe = 2630 PSF Footing width = wf

Footing width = wf =

Ptotal qe

wf =

14000 PLF 2630 PSF

wf = 5.32 feet USE footing width = 5-6

Lecture 19 Page 5 of 10

Step 4 Determine soil bearing pressure for strength design, qu: qu = Factored soil bearing pressure acting on footing = 1.2( PDL ) + 1.6( PLL ) wf 1.2(8000 PLF ) + 1.6(6000 PLF ) 5.50 ft

qu = 3490 PSF Step 5 Determine minimum depth of footing, dmin based on shear:

Footing thickness

#5 bar d = footing thickness concrete cover (Bar dia.) 5 = 12 3 " 8 = 8.69

w f Wall _ Width d Vu = qu 2 2 2
8" 8.69" 5.5' 12" / ft 12" / ft = 3490 PSF 2 2 2

Vu = 7170 Lbs.

Lecture 19 Page 6 of 10

dmin = Minimum depth to reinforcement based on shear =

Vu (0.85)2 f ' c (12" )

7170 Lbs. (0.85)2 3000 PSI (12" )

dmin = 6.4 < 8.69 OK Step 6 Determine factored soil pressure moment, Mu at face of wall:

Footing overhang = 2.42

0.67

Point A

qu = 3490 PSF Isolate footing overhang and treat as if it were a cantilevered beam Footing width = 5.5 ft.

MA = Moment at point A

Point A

Footing _ overhang = qu(Footing overhang) 2

2.42' = 3490 PSF(2.42) 2

MA = 10,219 FT-LB

Overhang

Lecture 19 Page 7 of 10

Step 7 Determine required tension steel, As in footing: Recalling from Lecture 4 Design Aid Table 1:

Concrete fc = 3000 PSI, Grade 60 bars

Mu (10219 Ft Lb)(12" / ft ) = 2 bd 0.9(12" )(8.69" ) 2

= 150.4 PSI Use min = 0.0033 since As = bd = (0.0033)(12)(8.69) As = 0.34 in2 per 1-0 length of footing
Mu = 150.4 PSI < 190.3 PSI bd 2

Lecture 19 Page 8 of 10

Step 8 Determine spacing of #5 tension bars:

A _ per _ bar Spacing = 12" s As
0.31in 2 _ per _#5 _ bar = 12" 0.34in 2

= 10.9 Use #5 bars spacing = 10 o.c. Step 9 Determine longitudinal shrinkage/temperature bars:

h = 12

Footing width b = 5.5 ft.

As temp = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(5.5 x 12/ft)(12) = 1.43 in2 Number of bars =

As As _ per _ bar

1.43in 2 0.20in 2 _ per _#4 _ bar

= 7.15 bars Use 8 - #4 longitudinal temperature/shrinkage bars

Lecture 19 Page 9 of 10

Step 10 Draw Summary Sketch: 8 poured-in-place conc. wall centered over footing (dowel bars not shown)

Finished grade sloped away from bldg. Formed Keyway 8 - #4 longitudinal bars

3-0 minimum

12

3 conc. cover all around

NOTES:
1) 2) 3) 4) Conc. fc = 3000 PSI. All bars grade 60 Wall reinf. & dowels not shown Allow. Soil bearing = 3000 PSF

#5 bars @ 10 o.c. 5-6

Footing to bear on undisturbed soil

Lecture 19 Page 10 of 10