Bi 1.

i s Boole
p n cc cu hi v bi kim tra
Trc nghim in khuyt
1.1. M Gray l m khng trng s nn khng thch hp trong tnh ton s hc.
1.2. Mt hm Boole c th c biu din bi nhiu biu thc Boole c v rt khc nhau.
1.3. Mi hm Boole cho trc u c th c biu din bi: tng ca cc tch Boole m
mi tch thnh phn c gi tr 1 hoc tch ca cc tng Boole m mi tng thnh phn c
gi tr 0
1.4 Trong trng hp hm Boole c mt s t hp ca cc bin khng tham gia vo vic qui
nh gi tr hm. C th t do to mt hm Boole hon chnh bng cch rng buc t hp
bin vi gi tr hm chn ty . Cc gi tr ca hm i vi nhng t hp ny c gi l
cc iu kin khng cn quan tm.
1.5 . Trnh t in vo cc c v bng ng t m Hnh A.1.2.

Hnh A.1.2: ng ln trn bng Karnaugh ch r trt t in cc gi tr ca .

Bi tp v s nh phn
1.6. Mi mt v tr thuc mt qu c th chn hoc ho m hoc ho dng (2 cch
chn). Do phi c tt c 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 64 qu.
1.7. V tp mch in th ch c 3 cch u t 3 cng tc:
3 cng tc u ni tip.
3 cng tc u song song.
2 cng tc u song song v u ni tip vi cng tc cn li.
C tt c 2 2 2 = 8 trng thi cho mi cch u
Ch : Cc trng thi ca ba cng tc u vi nhau l s phn t ca tp hp

, s trng thi v

tp mch in l hon ton khc nhau.

1.8. B i trng hp c bn LED u mu xanh: c tt c 2 2 2 2 - 1 = 15 li.

1.9. 28 = 256 a ch.

1.10. C tt c 104 = 10000 s thp phn c bn digit (thuc h c 10). m ha nh
phn ng nhng s ny (m con s ln nht l (9999)10 ), cn dng m bit sao cho:
2m = 104

4
m=
= 14 (K hiu [ x ] ch phn nguyn ca x )
log 2

Nu khng mun tnh bng php tnh loga rc ri th c th c lng rng:

Dng 13 bit c th m ha ti a 213 = 8192 s thp phn, m ha cc s k tip nht
thit phi b sung thm mt bit.
1.11. a) Bng 4 bit ch c th to c 24 = 16 tn gi. Nhng dng 16 tn gi
16 i tng th c th c 16! 2, 09 1013 (hn 20000 t).
b) Bng s chnh hp chp 10 ca 16 tn gi

16!
2, 9 1010
(16 - 10)!

1.12. T chc tho lun, gio vin chia lp lm bn nhm mi nhm bnh vc mt
loi m, nhng trc khi tho lun gio vin nn gi cho cc nhm v cc c trng vn
c ca m BCD nh:
Hu dng khi nhp d liu vo my tnh (ng vo), tin khi dng phiu c l.

Phiu c l

Phung ph bit, do ch dng c 10 t hp trong s 16 t hp ca 4 bit.

M 0000 c th ng ngha vi khng c tn hiu.
Cc nhm s phi nu bt cc c trng m m BCD khng c, t rt ra cng
dng ca cc m; c th l:
M qu ba c th phn bit s (0)10 vi khng c tn hiu. Mc khc s b-9 ca
mt s c th trc tip suy ra bng cch ly phn b ca tng bit (chng hn xem
(1)10 = (0100)2 v (8)10 = (1011) 2 ); rt tin khi tr c nh.

 M 7421 chn th t t trn xung mi m trch t m nh phn t nhin, sao cho

khng c t hp bn bit c nhiu hn hai con s 1.
M Gray ch c mt bit thay i gia hai s thp phn lin tip. D pht hin li
(ngoi tr khi chuyn t (9)10 sang (0)10 )
M khong cch n v c c trng nh m Gray, nhng khng c m 0000, v
chuyn t (9)10 sang (0)10 cng ch khc nhau mt bit.

1.13. M Gray c th c suy t m BCD nh sau: Thay trong t-m ca BCD mi

con s ng bn phi bit 1 bng con s b vi n. Th d di y

1.14. a m ha nh phn:
a (ii) m Gray c v t li, nhng vn cn mt kh nng gy li khi chuyn t
s thp phn 9 (1101) v s thp phn 0 (0000), lc ny c tt c ba chi qut i
v tr.
a (iii) m khong cch n v khc phc khuyt im ca a (ii). Nhn xt a
(iii) c phn gii ch l 10 ch khng phi l 16 nh hai a trc.

Hnh 1.9

Hnh 1.10

1.15. Kt qu bin i cc s nh phn di y thnh m Gray

1001102 = (110101) Gray

10101001102 = (1111110101) Gray

1010012 = (111101) Gray

1100102 = (101011) Gray

1.16. Kt qu bin i cc s thp phn di y thnh m BCD.

73910 = 0111 0011 1001

2510 = 0010 0101

9224110 = 1001 0010 0010 0100 0001

1.17. Kt qu bin i cc s dng BCD thnh dng thp phn.

1000 1001 = (89 )10

0100 0111 0110 = ( 476 )10

0011 1000 0101 0001 = ( 3851)10

Hm Boole
1.18. 12 hm Boole bc-2 cn li khc vi bn hm AND, OR, NAND, NOR
Bin

Gi tr ng ra Q

Hm

f1

f2

f3

f4

f5

f6

f7

f8

f9

f10

f 00

f11

Tn gi cc hm cho bi bng di y
f1 : Nu x th y (Ko t x n y)
f3 : Nu y th x (Ko t y n x)
f5 : Bin y

f 7 : Hoc loi tr (Tng modulo, EXOR)

f9 : Hng 0
f2 : Cm theo y
f 4 : Cm theo x
f6 : Ph nh y
f8 : Tng ng (XOR)
f10 : Hng 1
n

1.19. Chng minh C tt c 2(2 ) hm Boole bc-n khc nhau.

p dng nh l v m s nh x S nh x c th c t tp hp m phn t vo tp
hp n phn t l nm .
S hm Boole bc-n khc nhau bng ng s nh x c th c t tp hp
Tp hp

vo .

c 2n phn t t suy ra kt qu.

- i s Boole

1.20. Cng vi tnh giao hon, kt hp, phn b, di y l by qui lut ca i s

Boole, (d nhin khng ch c by nhiu)
a) A + A = 1
b) A + A = A
c) A + 1 = 1
d) AA = A
e) A A = 0
f)

A + AB = A

g) A + A B = A + B
Cc biu thc di y c trc tip thu gn t:
DF + DF C = DF

f)

NEM + MEN = EMN

b)

1 + ONE = 1

c)

DAY + TODAY = DAY

f)

MAN + NAM = AMN

b)

YES YES = 0

e)

TE + TE = TE

b)

L AN H + N A H = N H A

f)

BON + BON = 1

a)

S + STV Q = S

f)

f)

CD + C = C + D

g)

AK + K = K

1.21. Cng vi tnh giao hon, kt hp, phn b, di y l hai qui lut quan trng
ca i s Boole
f)

A + AB = A

g) A + A B = A + B
Cc biu thc di y c trc tip thu gn t:

TOP + O = O

f)

AB C + C = C

f)

C + CF = C + F

g)

R SW + R = R

f)

AB C + A

Khng c

A B C + AB

Khng c

R + RS = R + S

f)

J K LM + J K

Khng

ABC + AB = AB + C

g)

R S W +W R = W R

f)

1 khi x = y
0 khi x y

1.22. Tho lun v cch biu din biu thc hm Boole f(x,y) =

Tho lun : nn hay khng nn lp bng s tht ?.

Tho lun : cn phi c kt lun : c v s biu thc biu din hm ,

do nht thit phi xt n mc tiu biu din.

1.23. Trong cc biu thc Boole di y, hy ch ra biu thc no l tng ca cc

tch (SOP), biu thc no l tch cc tng (POS).

( B + C + D )( A + B )

POS

AB C + A BC

SOP

( X + Y + Z )(Y + Z )( X + Y )

POS

M N O +M NO +M N O

SOP

( X + Y + Z )( X + Y )

Khng

ABC + AB C

SOP

1.24. i) Phn tch biu thc thnh 10 ct, so snh hai ct 9 v 10.
1

10

ab

ab

a+b

a+b

( a + b)( a + b)

ab + ab

ii) Biu thc c chng minh bng phng php tng t nh i).
1.26. Hm EXOR cng modulo 2 ba bin Q = g (a, b, c) = a b c
Q = g ( a, b, c) = a b c = ab c + a b c + a b c + abc

c im: Ng ra trng thi 1 khi c mt s l ng vo trng thi 1

1.27. Bng Karnaugh ca hm g ch c tm , bn an cho nhau c gi tr 1
(hnh 1.11) , do khng th kt nhm c.

Hnh 1.11