CHNG TRNH TING ANH GIAO TIP THNG MI TI TRNG I HC KINH T TP.HCM: C S THC TIN, KHOA HC V CC XUT ThS.

. V nh Phc M u Chng trnh ting Anh giao tip thng mi (TAGTTM - English for Business Communication) c B mn Ting Anh Ban Ngoi ng (BMTA-BNN) a vo ging dy hn 2 nm. xy dng chng trnh ca mn hc ny, thy c gio BMTA dnh rt nhiu tm huyt v n lc hon thnh mt khi lng cng tc chuyn mn rt ln: t vic thu thp cc d liu khoa hc lm c s xy dng chng trnh n vic bin son cc ti liu ging dy; t vic thay i phng php ging dy n t chc li cch thc kim tra nh gi. Bi vit sau y gii thiu s lc v chng trnh ting Anh ny v im li nhng c s thc tin v khoa hc da trn chng trnh c xy dng. Thng qua bi vit ny chng ti cng xut mt s gii php v kin ngh i vi nh trng v cc n v lin quan nhm gip chng ti thc hin thnh cng chng trnh o to ny. Chin lc o to ca trng Trc nhng thay i ln trong i sng kinh t x hi, vic thay i chin lc v mc tiu o to cng c t ra nhm p ng nhng yu cu ngy cng cao v ngun nhn lc trong thi k mi. Thc hin ch trng ca B Gio dc v o to, trng i hc Kinh t TP.HCM tin hnh chun ha quy trnh o to ca nh trng, vi mc tiu t ra l cc mn hc, chng trnh hc cc Khoa, cc Ban chuyn mn phi c xy dng v xc nh chun o to i vi sinh vin tt nghip. Cc chun o to ny phi th hin nhng kin thc v k nng m sinh vin cn t c c th p ng mt cch tt nht vi cng vic v mi trng lm vic v c th tip tc hc tp, nghin cu nng cao trnh sau khi tt nghip. Trong bi cnh Vit Nam hi nhp kh ton din vi nn kinh t th gii, cc t chc, cng ty v doanh nghip a ra nhu cu tuyn dng ngun nhn lc khng ch gii v chuyn mn m cn phi c nng lc giao tip bng ting Anh trong cng vic thng

nht v trong mi trung lm vic quc t. Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca Ting Anh i vi vic o to ngun nhn lc trnh cao, nh trng t ra cho BMTA nhim v xy dng chng trnh ting Anh ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca x hi. ch n cui cng i vi chng trnh ting Anh l sinh vin phi t mt chun trnh ting Anh quc t c cc nh tuyn dng cng nhn gp phn nng cao cht lng v tnh cnh tranh ca sn phm do nh trng o to. Vic thay i chin lc o to ca nh trng theo hng chun ha, mc tiu t ra i vi tng mn hc trong chng trnh o to cng thay i theo hng tip cn vi nhu cu thc t ca x hi, v cng chnh l mt trong nhng c s thc tin BMTA-BNN nghin cu v thay mi hon ton chng trnh o to ca mnh ph hp vi yu cu m B v nh trng ra. Cng phi ni s quan tm ca lnh o nh trng i vi mn hc ting Anh cng chnh l ngun ng vin rt ln gip thy c gio BMTA n lc xy dng chng trnh trnh o to mi, ci tin ni dung v phng php ging dy. Nhng bt cp trong chng trnh ting Anh c Trc y, chng trnh ting Anh ti trng c chia thnh hai giai on: giai on i cng ton th sinh vin c hc chung mt chng trnh ting Anh Thng mi (Business English) v giai on chuyn ngnh (English for Specific Purposes - ESP): sinh vin c hc ting Anh theo ngnh hc ca mnh. BMTA xy dng c 11 chng trnh ting Anh chuyn ngnh nh: Ting Anh chuyn ngnh K ton, Ting Anh chuyn ngnh Ti chnh & Ngn hng, Ting Anh chuyn ngnh Qun tr kinh doanh, Ting Anh chuyn ngnh Ngoi thng, Ting Anh chuyn ngnh Kinh t hc Cc chng trnh ny c xy dng trn c s l thuyt ni dung (content-based syllabus) trong tp trung vo vic rn luyn k nng c hiu (reading comprehension) v t vng chuyn ngnh cho sinh vin. Khng th ph nhn cc yu t tch cc ca cc chng trnh ting Anh chuyn ngnh (ESP) l gip sinh vin rn luyn k nng c hiu v cung cp mt lng t vng chuyn ngnh nht nh to iu kin sinh vin c th o su kin thc chuyn mn ca mnh thng qua sch v, bo ch v cc ti liu c bng ting Anh. Nhng qua mt thi gian di a vo p dng, cc chng trnh ESP cng bc l mt s bt cp nh:

(i)

cc chng trnh da ch yu vo ti liu ging dy nc ngoi, phn ln u l cc ti liu c xut bn cch nay kh lu nn cc ch hc v t vng c gii thiu cho sinh vin khng mang tnh cp nht. Hn na, mt s ngnh khng tm c ti liu ging dy thch hp (TD: Ton kinh t, Thng k) nn sinh vin phi hc chung chng trnh ting Anh cc chuyn ngnh khc. Do vy, nhu cu ca hc vin (learners needs) khng c p ng dn n vic dy v hc ngoi ng kh c th t c cc mc tiu nh mong i;

(ii)

phng php ging dy c p dng ch yu l phng php ng php-dch (grammar-translation), rt t cc hot ng giao tip c thc hin trn lp. ging c ting Anh chuyn ngnh t nhiu i hi ging vin phi c kin thc chuyn ngnh nn mt s ging vin gp rt nhiu kh khn v lng tng trong vic x l cc bi ging;

(iii)

vic kim tra nh gi ch tp trung vo k nng c hiu v t vng khin a s sinh vin khng quan tm n vic rn luyn cc k nng ngn ng khc. Gia cc chuyn ngnh kh c s thng nht trong cch nh gi do vy khng to ra s cng bng trong kt qu nh gi i vi sinh vin: mt s chuyn ngnh sinh vin d t im cao v ngc li mt mt s chuyn ngnh khc t l sinh vin thi li rt ln;

(iv)

vic qun l chuyn mn ca Ban ch nhim i vi tt c cc chuyn ngnh v tin , ni dung ging dy cng nh cng tc kim tra nh gi kh c th bao qut v thc hin tt.

Cng vi vic thay i chin lc o to ca nh trng vic phn tch v thy c nhng bt cp trong chng trnh o to trc y gip Ban ch nhim v cc thy c gio trong BMTA t quyt tm thay mi chng trnh o to ca mnh em li hiu qu thit thc cho vic dy v hc ting Anh ti trng. Xu hng mi trong vic dy v hc ngoi ng Vic p dng chng trnh ting Anh giao tip thng mi vi mc ch pht trin nng lc giao tip l ph hp vi xu th dy v hc ngoi ng hin nay. Theo Leech (1989), t vi thp k gn y, vic ging dy v tip thu ngn ng th hai hoc ngoi ng trn th gii c chuyn hng t ng ngha hc (semantics) sang ng dng hc (pragmatics). Ng ngha hc xem ngn ng nh mt h thng p dng cc quy tc ng 7

php mang tnh quy c cn ng dng hc xem ngn ng nh qu trnh trung gian, l h thng cc nguyn tc khng mang tnh quy c c chi phi bi mc ch giao tip. Ni cch khc, hc ngoi ng theo quan nim truyn thng tp trung vo vic nm vng cc h thng v quy tc ng php trong khi xu th ging dy v hc ngoi ng hin nay l hng n cc vn nh ng cnh, giao tip, v s tng tc gia ngi ni v ngi nghe, l qu trnh giao tip vi x hi v th gii. Mt ci cch ang din ra trong cc chng trnh dy ngoi ng l vic to ra mt mi trng hc tp mang tnh vn ha x hi, to ra cc hot ng tnh hung trong i hi ngi hc phi s dng ngoi ng giao tip v thc hin cc yu cu m tnh hung t ra. Phng php ny em n cho ngi hc s thch th v thng qua cc k nng ngn ng c pht trin. Theo kin ca cc chuyn gia, cc nh gio dc hc, cht lng v hiu qu ca vic dy v hc ngoi ng ni chung v ting Anh ni ring nc ta cn rt thp l do mc tiu, ni dung, phng php o to, phng php kim tra nh gi cn nhiu bt cp v cha c nhng ci tin theo xu th ging dy ngoi ng m th gii hin ang p dng. Ngi hc ch hc c ngoi ng ch khng s dng c ngoi ng. Kt qu kho st c V Gio dc i hc (B GD&T) thng k t bo co v tnh hnh ging dy ting Anh ca 59 trng i hc khng chuyn ng trong c nc a ra s liu 51,7%1 sinh vin tt nghip khng p ng c yu cu v k nng ting Anh. Cc kho st do Cng ty IIG (i din cho Vin Kho th Hoa k ti Vit Nam) thc hin i vi cc doanh nghip u nhn c kt qu cho thy kh nng s dng ting Anh ca sinh vin tt nghip trong cc tnh hung thc t rt hn ch v khng p ng c yu cu ca i a s n v s dng lao ng2. R rng, nu chng ta tip tc o to ngoi ng theo kiu truyn thng th mt mt chng ta s khng p ng c cc nhu cu ca x hi v ngun nhn lc; mt mt chng ta s gy lng ph ln v thi gian, cng sc v tin bc.

Bo co ca V Gio dc i hc (B GD&T) ti Hi tho o to ting Anh trong cc trng i hc khng chuyn ng t chc vo ngy 5/12/2008. 2 Bo co ca Cng ty IIG ti Hi tho va nu.

Phng php ging dy tch cc Vic i mi mc tiu chng trnh o to theo hng pht trin cc k nng giao tip cng lm thay i phng php ging dy ca ging vin ng thi gip sinh vin c phng php hc ch ng v tch cc hn. Chng trnh TAGTTM c thit k rt ph hp vi phng php ging dy tin tin ang c p dng rng ri hin nay: task-based learning - phng php dy v hc thng qua vic thc hin bi tp c th v c ni dung lin quan n ch hc. Vi phng php ny, phn ln gi hc trn lp c dnh cho cc hot ng thc hnh nh tho lun, trnh by, t v tr li cu hi. Cc bi tp thc hnh c thc hin theo cp (pair work) v nhm (group work) gip sinh vin t tin hn, cng nhau bn bc tm ra nhng tng hay v cch gii quyt tt nht cc bi tp, v c bit sinh vin c iu kin hc hi ln nhau t vng v cch din t. Cc kin thc ng php c bn ch c ging vin ging dy ngn gn trn lp hoc gii thiu gio trnh ti liu sinh vin tham kho, t hc v lm cc bi tp thc hnh ngoi gi ln lp. Vi mi trng v cch hc nh vy, ngi hc buc phi thc hin tch cc nhim v (task) c giao dui hnh thc l cc bi tp tnh hung t c th pht trin cc k nng giao tip. Ngoi vic p dng mt phng php ging dy tch cc, vic tuyn truyn v gip sinh vin hiu r v chin lc hc (learning strategies) cng l mt nhim v quan trng ca cc ging vin trong qu trnh ging dy ca mnh. Mun t kt qu cao trong hc tp ngi hc khng ch c ng c hc tp ng n v thi hc tp tch cc m cn phi c chin lc c hiu qu. Theo OMally v Chamot (1989), chin lc hc l cc hot ng tr tu gip t kt qu cao trong hc tp bao gm vic ln k hoch hc tp, theo di v nh gi cng vic thc hin. Trong hc ngoi ng, chin lc hc c p dng cho cc bi tp v cng vic t n gin n phc tp nh hc t vng mi, cch s dng t in n phng php hiu cc bi c kh hoc tng tc vi bn cng nhm, cng cp hay cng lp trong cc hot ng giao tip trn lp. Vi chng trnh TAGTTM, chin lc hc mn ting Anh c chng ti a vo gii thiu trong ti liu ging dy v ph bin n tt c cc lp sinh vin. Theo , chng ti hng dn sinh vin xy dng ring cho mnh mt phng php hc tp hay chin lc hc c hiu qu c trn lp ln thi gian t hc. Trn lp vi s hng dn ca gio vin, cc bn sinh vin cn tham gia tch cc cc bi tp thc hnh cc k nng. Lun tm mi

c hi c th giao tip vi thy c v bn b bng ting Anh to phn ng nhanh nhy. Ngoi gi ln lp sinh vin cn hnh thnh thi quen hc u, hc thng xuyn. Mi ngy sinh vin cn t ra cho mnh mt khong thi gian nht nh (t 30 pht n 1 ting) hc ting Anh v duy tr lch hc nh vy u n v thng xuyn. Sinh vin cng phi cn thng xuyn n li v cng c cc bi hc thng qua h thng bi tp thc hnh c hng dn (guided independent practice) v chun b trc cc bi hc sp ti. C th ni chng trnh TAGTTM thay i nhn thc ca ging vin v sinh vin v cch dy v hc ngoi ng. Thay v phi ghi chp nhiu nh trc y, sinh vin vo lp c nghe, ni v thc hnh cc k nng ting Anh nhiu hn, ng thi xy dng mt chin lc hc tp hiu qu, tch cc v ch ng. Gio vin cng thay i phng php ging dy truyn thng, t dy dch, dy ng php n l sang dy s dng ting Anh trong cc tnh hung giao tip. H thng gio trnh ti liu phc v chng trnh Gio trnh chnh c s dng cho chng trnh ting TAGTTM l b sch Market Leader Elementary & Pre-intermediate Business English - New Edition (David Cotton, David Falvey & Simon Kent; NXB: Pearson Longman 2007). B gio trnh ny c chung ti la chn v n bm st c mc tiu chng trnh o to theo hng giao tip m chng ti t ra. C th ni vic chn gio trnh l mt yu t quan trng quyt nh s thnh cng hay tht bi ca mt chng trnh ging dy ngoi ng. y l b gio trnh hin c nhiu c s o to s dng v c cc chuyn gia ngn ng v cc ging vin nh gi rt cao. B gio trnh ny vi cc ch giao tip trong mi trng kinh doanh, cc hot ng ca cng ty v v cc cng vic thng nht ti vn phng lm vic c thit k trn ngun ng liu xc thc (authenticity) t ngun t vng thng mi rt thng dng. Cc bi tp trong gio trnh phi c thit k to ra mt mi trng ngi hc s dng ting Anh tch cc v hng th. Cc bi c c trch t thi bo ni ting Financial Times vi nhng kin thc v t vng kinh k-thng mi c cp nht mi nht. Phn nghe c trch t cc cuc phng vn, cc cuc hp ca cng ty v c bit phn Case Study gip sinh vn dng c 4 k nng ngn ng vo cc tnh hung thc ti km vi gio trnh cn c cc ti liu h tr rt phong ph nh sch bi tp, a CD audio, CD video Ngoi nhng u im va k, chng ti la chn gio trnh ny l

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v cc ch rt ph hp vi cc ngnh hc ca sinh vin kinh t - sinh vin cng c tip cn v lm quen vi cc thut ng kinh t -thng mi trong c nhiu thut ng chuyn ngnh m sinh vin ang hc. Ngoi b gio trnh chnh, ging vin BMTA cng bin son thm cc gio trnh ph tr (supplementary materials) nhm gip sinh vin tng cng kin thc v k nng ting Anh cng nh hng dn v to iu kin cho sinh vin t hc ngoi nhng gi ln lp. Gio trnh gm 4 tp sch tng ng vi 4 hc phn, mi tp sch bao gm 2 phn chnh: (i) Bi tp thc hnh k nng (Further Skill Work): gip sinh vin pht trin thm k nng ngn ng v c s dng trn lp hc; v (ii) Bi tp t thc hnh c hng dn (Guided Independent Practice) cung cp cc bi tp nh hng sinh t hc, t rn luyn v pht trin cc k nng ngn ng theo ch ca tng bi hc trong gio trnh chnh. Phng php kim tra nh gi Phng php kim tra nh gi cng c ci tin ph hp vi nhng thay i trong chng trnh ting Anh mi. Thay v trc y vic kim tra nh gi ch c tin hnh mt ln vo cui hc phn v tp trung vo k nng c hiu v t vng th nay phng php c thc hin ton din hn v kim tra c 4 k nng ngn ng. Ngoi ra, BMTA cng xy dng tiu ch nh gi v chun kin thc k nng cn t c sau khi kt thc tng hc phn. Phng php nh gi gm 2 phn chnh: (i) nh gi qu trnh: chim 30% im hc phn bao gm: im kim tra gia k (mid-term test), im tham gia cc hot ng trn lp v thi hc tp ca sinh vin v (ii) Bi thi cui hc phn (final test) chim 70% im hc phn. Cc ging vin ph trch lp c quyn ch ng thc hin phn nh gi qu trnh. bui ging u tin ca hc phn, ging vin phi cng b cng khai phng php nh gi qu trnh ca mnh. Phn kim tra gia k c BMTA qui nh l phn thi ni (speaking) v ging vin c th la chn hnh thc, ni dung v thi im t chc kim tra cho tng lp m mnh ph trch

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Bi thi cui hc phn cng c thit k khoa hc, kim tra c kin thc v k nng m sinh vin c hc trong hc phn. phn thi ny, BMTA mnh dn a vo phn kim tra k nng nghe hiu. Vic t chc nh gi k nng nghe (cn m bo cc yu t k thut nh thu bng a, my mc thit b) cho gn 100 lp sinh vin l mt cng vic ht sc phc tp i hi c s phi hp gia BM, ging vin v cc n v c lin quan. Tuy vy, qua 2 nm thc hin, mi cng vic t chc u tt p, khng c s c ng tic no xy ra. TOEIC - chun nh gi nng lc ting Anh cho sinh vin tt nghip Nh trnh by trn, vi vic chun ha chng trnh o to, Ban Gim hiu nh trng ch o BNN - BMTA xy dng chun u ra ting Anh cho sinh vin tt nghip v xem nh l du chng nhn trnh ngun nhn lc do trng o to . Chun ngoi ng ph bin c nhiu nc trn th gii v B Gio dc & o to ang p dng l Khung nng lc ngoi ng chung do Hi ng Kho th ngn ng Chu u xy dng (Common European Framework of Reference - CEFR). Chun ny lit k 6 trnh t A1 n C2 gip ngi hc xc nh trnh ngoi ng ca mnh c s dng nh th no v xut s gi hc cn thit t cc trnh tng ng3. TOEIC l mt trong s cc chng ch quc t c la chn cho vic xy dng chun v n p ng c chun CEFR4. Ngoi ra cn k n chi ph hp l ca bi thi TOEIC v mc ph dng ca chng ch ny trn th trng lao ng vi hng ngn cng ty ang ly TOEIC l mt trong nhng tiu chun tuyn dng. Theo ETS, bi thi TOEIC l mt bi thi nh hng giao tip c pht trin da trn nhim v v tnh hung v ni dung ca bi thi c thu thp t ti liu thc t nh: bo ch, th t kinh doanh, memo, bo co, bin bn hp v t nhng tnh hung giao tip cc cuc hi thoi ti vn phng, ti khch sn, sn bay, nh ga, nh hng Do vy, vic hc chng trnh TAGTTM vi cc ch v tnh hung giao tip cng tng thch vi cc ch trn v s gip sinh vin rt nhiu trong vic nng cao nng lc ting Anh v c kin thc v k nng nht nh chun b cho k thi TOEIC.

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Tham kho ti: http://www.cambridgeesol.org/exams/exams-info/cefr.html Tham kho ti http://www.ea.etsglobal.org/uploads/tx_etsquicklinks/TOEIC_L_R_can-do_table_01.pdf

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 xc nh thang chun cho sinh vin tt nghip nh trng v BNN phi hp vi cng ty IIG Vit Nam thc hin n: nh gi v xy dng tiu chun v trnh s dng ting Anh cho sinh vin trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM bng chng trnh TOEIC. v im chun cng b p dng cho sinh vin K.34 l kt qu ca n ny. Nhm to iu kin gip sinh vin t chun TOEIC, BMTA tham mu vi Ban Gim hiu v l trnh ging dy v nhng gii php thc hin, ng thi cng tp trung bin son ti liu gio trnh trong a vo cc bi tp gip sinh vin lm quen v thc hnh cc k nng cho dng thc thi ny. Vic xy dng chun trnh ngoi ng ng vai tr quan trng v c tnh quyt nh trong vic kim tra nh gi cng nh xy dng chng trnh, gio trnh ti liu cho qu trnh dy v hc ngoi ng. i vi sinh vin, vic p dng chun TOEIC va to ng lc v mc tiu c th trong vic hc tp mn hc ting Anh, va gip cc sinh vin tt nghip c th mnh trong vic cnh tranh cc v tr cng tc tt v c nhiu c hi thng tin trong ngh nghip. Nhng xut cho chng trnh ting Anh theo nh hng TOEIC trin khai thnh cng chng trnh ting Anh theo nh hng TOEIC, nh trng cn phi hp vi BNN-BMTA tp trung gii quyt nhng nhim v sau y: (i) Nhn lc, i ng ging vin lun l yu t then cht gip thc hin thnh cng chng trnh. Do vy, nh trng cn c s quan tm v u t nhiu hn na trong cng tc o to v bi dng ging vin ting Anh. To iu kin ti a cc ging vin hc tp nng cao trnh , c bit c th s dng ngun kinh ph c ti tr t cc d n gio dc (TRIG) m trng tham gia c ging vin i o to v bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn mn ti cc quc gia s dng ting Anh. (ii) R sot v ci tin chng trnh v phng php ging dy ting Anh theo nh hng TOEIC. Bin san cc gio trnh v ti liu ging dy mi nhm gip sinh vin tng cng cc k nng ting Anh v chun b tt cho k thi TOEIC. (iii) Trong iu kin nh trng p dng qui trnh o to theo h thng tn ch dn n vic ct gim thi lng ging dy trn lp hc th vic khuyn khch v y mnh vic t hc ca sinh vin l mt gii php. BMTA-BNN cn c s

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hp tc ca nh trng v cc n v c lin quan nh Phng Cng ngh thng tin, Phng QLT & CTSV thit k cc trang web hc trc tuyn cng nh bin son cc gio trnh ti liu cho loi hnh hc tp ny. (iv) Cn c s lin thng hn na v cng tc chuyn mn gia BNN-BMTA v Trung tm Ngoi ng Kinh t-thng mi ca trng thc hin tt l trnh t chun TOEIC m BMTA xut vi nh trng. (v) Tng cng cc hot ng t vn phng php hc tp i vi mn hc ting Anh nhm gip sinh vin nhng phng php ph hp vt qua cc kh khn trong hc tp cng nh pht trin cc kin thc v k nng ting Anh. (vi) Tip tc t chc kim tra nng lc ting Anh u vo v phn loi lp theo trnh ting Anh. c s nh gi ton din qu trnh hc ting Anh ti trng cn tm ngun kinh ph c th t chc kim nng lc ting Anh u vo bng bi thi TOEIC. (vii) Duy tr v nng cp hot ng ca cc cu lc b ting Anh vi s h tr chuyn mn ca cc ging vin. To ra cc mi trng ting Anh sinh vin c iu kin thc tp ngoi nhng gi ln lp. T chc thng xuyn cc cuc thi hc thut bng ting Anh to cho sinh vin s hng th hc tp mn hc ny. (viii) Cn c nhng qui nh v cch t chc lp hc ting Anh: lp hc theo trnh , s s lp gii hn. Phng hc cn c trang b cc thit b hin i, bn gh d dng thay i to iu kin cho ging vin t chc cc hot ng giao tip, cc hot ng nhm trong cc gi thc hnh. (ix) Xy dng cc phng thc hnh ngn ng vi cc trang thit b hin i nh my tnh, mng Internet, cc phn mm hc ting Anh v cc ngun ng liu hc tp khc. T chc cc kha hc ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong ging dy ngoi ng cho ging vin. Vic tn dng ti a cng ngh thng tin s mang n nhng hiu qu thit thc trong qu trnh dy v hc ngoi ng. Li kt Trong thi gian sp ti, vi nhng thay i trong t chc o to c bit l vic p dng trit h thng tn ch, chng trnh o to ting Anh ti trng nht nh s phi c nhng ci tin v thay i ph hp. Tuy vy, nhng iu c trnh by trong bi vit ny cho thy chng trnh ting Anh ti HKT TP.HCM c c s thc tin v khoa hc gip sinh vin c nhng tin b nht nh trong vic hc ting Anh. Tuy cn phi tip

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tc ci tin v ni dung, chng trnh, phng php nh gi cng nh nng cp c s vt cht v iu kin hc tp, nhng vi vic p dng chng trnh hc theo xu hng ging dy ngoi ng mi v vic xc lp mt chun trnh nh gi nng lc ting Anh ca sinh vin s to cho cc ging vin v sinh vin c s hng khi v mt mc tiu phn u r rng trong vic dy v hc ting Anh ti trng. TI LIU THAM KHO 1. BMTA 2008. Gii thiu ti liu mn hc ting Anh giao tip thng mi, 2. Chen Chao-ming 2008. T ng ngha hc n ng dng hc: hc ting Anh da theo TOEIC v nhng gi . K yu o to ting Anh trong cc trng khng chuyn ng, H ni 12/2008. 3. Leech, G 1989. Principles of Pragmatics. London; New York: Lonman 4. OMalley,J and A.Chamot 1989. Learning Strategies in second language acquisition. New York: Cambridge University Press 5. Willis. J. 1996. A Framework for Task-Based Learning. Longman 6. http://www.cambridgeesol.org/exams/exams-info/cefr.html 7. http://www.ea.etsglobal.org/uploads/tx_etsquicklinks/TOEIC_L_R_cando_table_01.pdf

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