You are on page 1of 23

Domain Name Service

FRXUV#XUHFFQUVIU

DNS

r r

 &UpDWLRQ  %HUQDUG 7X\  0RGLILFDWLRQV  %HUQDUG 7X\  3/HFD

Page 1

Plan

*pQpUDOLWpV 'RPDLQ 1DPH 6\VWHP  OD WKpRULH HW  OD SUDWLTXH

Nommage des Ressources Rseau


r

/HV pTXLSHPHQWV FRPPXQLTXHQW JUkFH j OHXU DGUHVVH ,3 6HXOHV OHV DSSOLFDWLRQV XWLOLVHQW OHV QRPV GHV pTXLSHPHQWV SRXU FHUWDLQHV RQ SHXW XWLOLVHU OHV DGUHVVHV IWS WHOQHW SRXU G
DXWUHV OHV QRPV VRQW LQGLVSHQVDEOHV ZZZ $ XQH DGUHVVH ,3 SHXW FRUUHVSRQGUH XQ RX SOXVLHXUV QRPV DOLDV 8Q QRP GRLW rWUH XQLTXH DX PRQGH

Page 2

Les Correspondances Nom - Adresse IP

)LFKLHU HWFKRVWV ILFKLHU $6&,, PLVH j MRXU PDQXHOOH JHVWLRQ PDQXHOOH GHV UHVVRXUFHV QRQ ORFDOHV 1,6 <HOORZ 3DJHV ILFKLHU QGEP FUpp j SDUWLU GX ILFKLHU HWFKRVWV GX PDvWUH JHVWLRQ PDQXHOOH GHV UHVVRXUFHV QRQ ORFDOHV 'RPDLQ 1DPH 6\VWHP '16 HQVHPEOH GH ILFKLHUV $6&,, RUJDQLVDWLRQ KLpUDUFKLTXH HW PRQGLDOH GHV UHVVRXUFHV PpPRULVDWLRQ GHV LQIRUPDWLRQV UHFXHLOOLHV FDFKH

DNS : gnralits (1)


r

5)&    HW  /HV 2EMHFWLIV  (VSDFH GH 1RPV PRQGLDO FRKpUHQW LQGpSHQGDQW GHV SURWRFROHV HW GX V\VWqPH GH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ VRXVMDFHQWV *HVWLRQ GpFHQWUDOLVpH GHV LQIRUPDWLRQV GH OD EDVH GH GRQQpHV JOREDOH 8VDJH JpQpUDO LQGpSHQGDQW GHV W\SHV G
DSSOLFDWLRQV HW GX W\SH GH PDFKLQHV  GX PLFUR DX PDLQ IUDPH

Page 3

DNS : gnralits (2)


r

$YDQWDJHV  *HVWLRQ GpFHQWUDOLVpH  DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GHV VHXOHV UHVVRXUFHV ORFDOHV PDLV DFFqV j WRXWHV OHV UHVVRXUFHV GH O
,QWHUQHW 6\VWqPH GH FDFKH  PpPRULVHU OHV UpVROXWLRQV SUpFpGHQWHV  JDLQ GH WHPSV SDV GH VXUFKDUJH LQXWLOH GX UpVHDX '16  V\VWqPH ODUJHPHQW UpSDQGX ELHQ U{Gp HW VWDQGDUG

DNS : gnralits (3)


r

,QFRQYpQLHQWV  3UREOqPH GH FHUWLILFDWLRQ GH O


LQIRUPDWLRQ  OHV GRQQpHV FKDQJHQW OHQWHPHQW OHV FRXSOHV QRPV #,3 SULRULWp j O
DFFqV j O
LQIRUPDWLRQ VXU OHV PLVHV j MRXU HW OD JDUDQWLH GH FRKpUHQFH

Page 4

DNS : la thorie (1)


r

&RQVWLWXDQWV GX '16  /
(VSDFH GHV 1RPV GH GRPDLQHV HW OHV LQIRUPDWLRQV DIIpUHQWHV 5HVRXUFH 5HFRUGV RX 55 /HV 6HUYHXUV GH 1RPV /HV 5HVROYHUV

DNS : la thorie (2)


r r

/
HVSDFH GHV 1RPV HVW DUERUHVFHQW  8)6 ,O HVW GLYLVp HQ QLYHDX[ GH GRPDLQHV  5RRW 7RS /HYHO 'RPDLQ FRP PLO QHW HGX IU XN GH  6HFRQGDU\ /HYHO GRPDLQ  $ FKDTXH 1RHXG RX )HXLOOH GH O
DUERUHVFHQFH  HVW DVVRFLp XQ HQVHPEOH GH 5HVVRXUFHV HW XQ 1RP  FDUDFWqUHV PD[LPXP ([ ('8 -866,(8 )5 &156 /H QRP GH GRPDLQH G
XQ QRHXG  VXLWH GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQHV HQ UHPRQWDQW GX QRHXG YHUV OD UDFLQH 5RRW OHV QRPV GH GRPDLQH GH FHWWH VXLWH VRQW VpSDUpV SDU XQ ([ HGX -XVVLHXIU IU FQUVIU

Page 5

DNS : la thorie (3)


r

r r

/H QRPPDJH SHXW DXVVL rWUH UHODWLI FHOD VXSSRVH TXH O


25,*,1( VRLW FRQQXH ([ VKLYDMXVVLHX HVW XQ QRP UHODWLI DX GX GRPDLQH )5 RQ GLW TXH )5 HVW O
RULJLQH FRXUDQWH XQ QRP GH GRPDLQH UHODWLI RX DEVROX HVW OLPLWp j  FDUDFWqUHV XQ GRPDLQH HVW LGHQWLILp SDU XQ 1RP GH GRPDLQH F
HVW OD VRXV DUERUHVFHQFH TXL D SRXU RULJLQH FH QRP GH GRPDLQH 8Q GRPDLQH LQFOXV GDQV XQ DXWUH HVW XQ VRXV GRPDLQH ([ SUHSDLPL WHGX HVW VRXV GRPDLQH GH  DLPLWHGX PLWHGX HGX

DNS : la thorie (4)


r

4XHO 1RP GH 'RPDLQH FKRLVLU " 5)&   FDUDFWqUHV PD[ FRQVHLOOp   FDUDFWqUHV PD[ $= D]   GRLW FRPPHQFHU SDU XQH OHWWUH OH JpUDQW GX GRPDLQH HQJOREDQW OH Y{WUH GRLW DVVXUHU O
XQLFLWp GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQH O
85(& SRXU XQ VRXVGRPDLQH GH &156)5 OH $)1,& SRXU XQ VRXVGRPDLQH GH )5 

Page 6

LEspace des Noms


""
(Root)

USA .com .edu .mil .gov .arpa .org .net

Autres Pays .fr .uk .de .nl .au .jp

.mit

.ddn

.nordu

.edf

.urec

.ac

lcs

nic

nic

.der

.vjf

soleil

isis

compta

DNS : administration (1)


r

/
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQH HVW KLpUDUFKLVpH  /H 1,& 1HWZRUN ,QIRUPDWLRQ &HQWHU DX[ (WDWV 8QLV HVW UHVSRQVDEOH GH OD FFRUGLQDWLRQ PRQGLDOH  $8725,7( HW GpFHQWUDOLVpH  /H 1,& D GRQQp GpOpJDWLRQ j 5,3(1&& SRXU OD JHVWLRQ GHV 1RPV GH 'RPDLQH HQ (XURSH  5,3(1&& D DXWRULWp SRXU O
(XURSH 5,3(1&& D GRQQp GpOpJDWLRQ D O$)1,& SRXU OD JHVWLRQ GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQH HQ )UDQFH  OH $)1,& $VVRFLDWLRQ )UDQoDLVH SRXU OH QRPPDJH LQWHUQHW HQ FRRSpUDWLRQ  KWWSZZZQLFIU D DXWRULWp HQ )UDQFH 

Page 7

DNS : administration (2)


r

/ $)1,& HQUHJLVWUH WRXV OHV QRPV GH VRXV GRPDLQH GX GRPDLQH )5 DYHF XQ JpUDQW SRXU FKDTXH GRPDLQH GpOpJDWLRQ G
DXWRULWp  HGIIU HVW JpUp SDU OD 'LUHFWLRQ GH O
(') XUHFIU HW FQUVIU VRQW JpUpV SDU O
85(& 

/H JpUDQW GX GRPDLQH ;IU HVW UHVSRQVDEOH GH OD GpOpJDWLRQ GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQHV GH OD IRUPH <;IU GH OD GpVLJQDWLRQ G
XQ DGPLQLVWUDWHXU GX GRPDLQH <;IU

DNS : administration (3)


r

,O IDXW FRQWDFWHU O$)1,& KWWSZZZQLFIU 3RXU IDLUH HQUHJLVWUHU XQ QRP GH GRPDLQH VRXV IU 3RXU IDLUH RXYULU OD ]RQH FRUUHVSRQGDQWH &RQWDFWHU OH *,3 5HQDWHU GQVVYS#UHQDWHUIU RX ZZZUHQDWHUIU SRXU OHV HQWLWpV UHOHYDQW GH OD FRPPXQDXWp (QVHLJQHPHQW  5HFKHUFKH ,O IDXW FRQWDFWHU O
85(& GQVPDVWHU#XUHFFQUVIU RX ZZZXUHFFQUVIU 3RXU IDLUH HQUHJLVWUHU XQ QRP GH GRPDLQH VRXV FQUVIU 3RXU IDLUH RXYULU OD ]RQH ;FQUVIU

Page 8

DNS : la thorie (6)


r

,O Q
\ D SDV GH FRUUHVSRQGDQFH V\VWpPDWLTXH HQWUH XQ QRP GH GRPDLQH HW XQH DGUHVVH GH UpVHDX ,3 /H QRP HVW XQH QRWLRQ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH /H GRPDLQH FQUVGLUIU UHJURXSH  VLWHV j 3DULV HW  VLWH j 7RXORXVH

r r

,O \ D XQH KLpUDUFKLH GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQHV FRQWUDLUHPHQW DX[ DGUHVVHV GH UpVHDX[

DNS : la thorie (7)


/
HVSDFH GHV 1RPV HW OHV UHTXrWHV LQYHUVHV
r

UpDOLVHU OD FRUUHVSRQGDQFH #,3 ! QRP QRP GH PDFKLQH RX GH UpVHDX OH SVHXGRGRPDLQH LQDGGUDUSD HW GHV SRLQWHXUV UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ GH O
HVSDFH GHV DGUHVVHV VRXV IRUPH GH GRPDLQHV  H[  HW 

Page 9

Le pseudo domaine in-addr.arpa.

$USD ,QDGGU      


PTR

)U -XVVLHX 6KLYD 8UHF 7HWK\V

DNS : la thorie (8)


/HV 5HVRXUFH 5HFRUGV 55V
r

8Q QRP GH 'RPDLQH LGHQWLILH XQ QRHXG GH O


DUEUH GHV 1RPV  QRHXG ! XQ HQVHPEOH G
LQIRUPDWLRQV 5HVVRXUFHV &HW HQVHPEOH HVW GpFULW SDU GHV 55V ,O SHXW \ DYRLU SOXVLHXUV 55V OHXU RUGUH HVW LQGLIIpUHQW

Page 10

Sructure dun RR

3URSULpWDLUH 1RP GH 'RPDLQH LPSOLFLWH

77/

&/$66(

7<3( $ 375 62$ 16 0; &1$0( +,1)2 :.6 

5'$7$ I U`Q@8G6TT@ #,3  ELWV 1RPB'RP 1RPBKRVW 1RPBKRVW 1RPBKRVW 7H[WH 6HUYLFHV

1E HQWLHU VHFRQGHV

,1 &+

GXUpH GH YLH GDQV OH FDFKH

DNS : la thorie (10)


r

([HPSOHV GH 5HVRXUFH 5HFRUGV  3URSULpWDLUH ,6,('8 9(1(5$,6,('8 &ODVVH ,1 7\SH 0; $ $  5'$7$ 9(1(5$,6,('8  

Page 11

Alias et noms canoniques

3URSULpWDLUH /DIRULDLESIU .OHLRLESIU WHWK\VXUHFIU QVXUHFIU IWSXUHFIU ,1

&ODVVH 7\SH $ &1$0( $ &1$0( &1$0(

5'$7$  /DIRULDLESIU  WHWK\VXUHFIU WHWK\VXUHFIU

DNS : la thorie (12)


$OLDV HW QRPV FDQRQLTXHV 
r

8Q QRP GH 'RPDLQH QH GRLW MDPDLV SRLQWHU VXU XQ DOLDV PDLV VXU XQ 1RP FDQRQLTXH ([ LQDGGUDUSD ,1 375

/DIRULDLESIU

Page 12

DNS : la thorie (13)


r

3DUDPqWUHV GX 62$ 5)&   s Serial s Refresh s Retry s Expire s Minimum

No de version Intervalle entre 2 polling des serveurs 2daires Intervalle si polling infructueux Dure de l'autorit sur la zone Dure de vie (TTL) des RR dans un cache

([HPSOH (((
!

(!

0Wrv 0Srsru%u 0Sr u

%

"% %#' '%#

0@vr&w 0Hvv w

DNS : Les ZONES (1)

(VSDFH GHV 1RPV GH 'RPDLQH HVW GpFRXSp HQ =21(6 DGPLQLVWUDWLYHV 8QH =RQH HVW VRXV O
DXWRULWp G
XQ 1DPH 6HUYHU 16 8Q 1DPH 6HUYHU SHXW DYRLU DXWRULWp VXU SOXVLHXUV =RQHV

Page 13

DNS : les ZONES (2)


'pILQLWLRQV  r XQH =21( HVW GpOLPLWpH SDU OHV SDUWLHV FRQWLJHV GH O
DUEUH GHV QRPV GH GRPDLQH VXU OHVTXHOOHV XQ 16 SRVVqGH XQH LQIRUPDWLRQ FRPSOqWH
r

F
HVW OH VRXVDUEUH JpUp SDU XQH HQWLWp DGPLQLVWUDWLYH SDUWLFXOLqUH /
DXWRULWp VXU FH VRXVDUEUH FHWWH =RQH OXL D pWp GpOpJXpH OD GpOpJDWLRQ HVW WRWDOH  SHXW FKDQJHU O
RUJDQLVDWLRQ GX VRXVDUEUH GRQW LO D OD FKDUJH VDQV SUpDYLV SHXW GpOpJXHU XQH SDUWLH GH OD =RQH j XQH DXWUH HQWLWp  VRXV ]RQH

DNS : les ZONES (3)

/H QRP GH OD =RQH 1RP GX QRHXG VRPPLWDO QRHXG VRPPLWDO QRHXG OH SOXV pOHYp GH OD VRXVDUERUHVFHQFH FRXSXUH HQWUH  ]RQHV  Q
LPSRUWH R HQWUH  QRHXGV DGMDFHQWV GH O
DUEUH WRXV OHV QRHXGV G
XQH ]RQH GRLYHQW rWUH UHOLpV HQWUH HX[ ! IUDJPHQWDWLRQ GH OD EDVH GH GRQQpH JpQpUDOH ! SOXV JUDQGH IDFLOLWp G
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ ! PDLV 

Page 14

DNS : les ZONES (4)


=RQH 5RRW =RQH )5 )5 =RQH ,15,$ ,15,$ =RQH ,%3 ,%3 =RQH 85(& 85(&

&RUWRQ

/D\RQ

(FROH'RF 0$6, /DIRULD -XSLWHU +HUPHV .OHLR

7HWK\V 3KRHEH

DNS : les ZONES (5)


&UpDWLRQ G
XQH QRXYHOOH =RQH 5)& 
r

REWHQLU OD GpOpJDWLRQ GH FHWWH QRXYHOOH ]RQH DXSUqV GX JpUDQW GH OD ]RQHPqUH ]RQHPqUH  ]RQH TXL LQFOXW OD QRXYHOOH ]RQH HU QLYHDX 2IIULU XQ VHUYLFH GH QRPV UHGRQGDQW EDFNXS pORLJQp $MRXWHU OHV LQIRUPDWLRQV DG KRF GDQV OD ]RQHPqUH JOXH GDWD

Page 15

DNS : Les Serveurs de Noms (1)


r

1DPH 6HUYHUV 16 2ULJLQH  %,1' %HUNOH\ ,QWHUQHW 1DPH 'DHPRQ %DVp VXU OH PRGH FOLHQWVHUYHXU 8WLOLVH XQH FRQQH[LRQ 7&3 SRUW  SRXU OH VHUYHXU 8QL[  LQ 1DPHG :LQGRZV 17 06 QDPH VHUYHU UpSRQG DX[ UHTXrWHV GHV FOLHQWV UpVRXG OHV FRUUHVSRQGDQFHV  1RP ! # ,3 #,3 ! 1RP 

DNS : Les Serveurs de Noms (2)


r

)RQFWLRQV  5pSRQGUH DX[ UHTXrWHV UHoXHV FRQFHUQDQW GHV UHVVRXUFHV GH VD VHV ]RQH V (YHQWXHOOHPHQW UpSRQGUH j GHV UHTXrWHV FRQFHUQDQW G
DXWUHV ]RQHV FDFKHG GDWD ,O FRQQDLW  OHV #,3 HW OHV QRPV GHV UHVVRXUFHV GH VD ]RQH OHV #,3 GHV 16 GHV ]RQHV LQFOXVHV VRXV]RQHV OHV #,3 GHV 16 GH OD ]RQH 5RRW TXL FRQQDLVVHQW O
#,3 GHV 16 GHV VRXV]RQHV DGMDFHQWHV  ('8 1(7 &20 )5 8. 1/ 

Page 16

DNS : Les Serveurs de Noms (3)


5pVROXWLRQV GHV UHTXrWHV 
r

PRGH LWpUDWLI PLQLPDO HW REOLJDWRLUH  ! 5pSRQVH ^ 'DWD _ (UUHXU _ 3RLQWHXU ` PRGH UpFXUVLI IDFXOWDWLI SUpFLVp SDU OH IODJ 5$5'  ! 5pSRQVH ^ 'DWD _ (UUHXU `

DNS : Les Serveurs de Noms (4)


r

/RUVTX
XQ VHUYHXU UHoRLW XQH UHTXrWH  LO UpSRQG DX FOLHQW VL  LO D O
LQIRUPDWLRQ GDQV VHV WDEOHV RX GDQV VRQ FDFKH VLQRQ LO FRQVWUXLW XQH GHV UHTXrWHV SRXU OHV 16 VXFFHVVLIV HQ FRPPHQFDQW SDU FHX[ GH OD ]RQH 5RRW  HW VRLW WUDQVPHW OD UpSRQVH j O
DXWHXU GH OD UHTXrWH PRGH UpFXUVLI VRLW WUDQVPHW O
# ,3 GX 16 j LQWHUURJHU O
DXWHXU GH OD UHTXrWHGHYUD LQWHUURJHU FH QRXYHDX VHUYHXU PRGH LWpUDWLI 6XU FKDTXH PDFKLQH XQ FDFKH PpPRULVH WRXWHV OHV UpVROXWLRQV SUpFpGHQWHV

Page 17

DNS : les serveurs de noms (5)


r

5HGRQGDQFH GHV VHUYHXUV 8Q VHUYHXU DSSHOp SULPDLUH  %DVH G


LQIRUPDWLRQV G
XQ GRPDLQH &HWWH EDVH HVW PLVH j MRXU PDQXHOOHPHQW VHXOH DXWRULWp VXU OHV LQIRUPDWLRQV GX GRPDLQH 'HV VHUYHXUV VHFRQGDLUHV FRSLH DYHF PLVH j MRXU DXWRPDWLTXH GH OD EDVH G
LQIRUPDWLRQV GX VHUYHXU SULPDLUH VROOLFLWDWLRQ j LQWHUYDOOH UpJXOLHU GX VHUYHXU SULPDLUH VWRFNHQW GDQV OHXU FDFKH

DNS : les serveurs de noms (6)


r

5HPDUTXHV ,O IDXW ELHQ FKRLVLU VRQ VHUYHXU SULPDLUH HW VHV VHUYHXUV VHFRQGDLUHV 3HQVHU DX  HQ ILQ GHV QRPV TXL GpVLJQHQW XQ GRPDLQH DEVROX $WWHQWLRQ j PRGLILHU OH QXPpUR GH YHUVLRQ GDQV OHV WDEOHV j FKDTXH PLVH j MRXU

Page 18

Les Requtes et les rponses (1)


r

OHV IRUPDWV VRQW VWDQGDUGLVpV  8'3 3RUW   RFWHWV PD[LPXP (17(7(  RFWHWV 6 6 6 6

(QWrWH ! 2SFRGH  W\SH GH UHTXrWH 6  4QDPH 4W\SH 4FODVV 6  55V UpSRQGDQW j OD UHTXrWH UHoXH 6  55V SRLQWDQW YHUV G
DXWUHV 16 6  55V HQ SULPH

4QDPH 1RP FDQRQLTXH 4W\SH $ 375 0; 62$  4FODVV ,1 &+

DNS : Les Requtes (2)


([HPSOH  5HTXrWH ,%3)5 0; "
r

6 4QDPH ,%3)5 4W\SH 0; 4FODVV ,1 6 6 HW 6 YLGHV

Page 19

DNS : Les Requtes (3)


5pSRQVH  r 6 G UHTXrWH
r

6 ,%3)5 6 YLGH

0;



3DVFDOLESIU

6 3DVFDOLESIU



DNS : Les Requtes (4)


5HPDUTXH  3RXU OD UpVROXWLRQ #,3 ! 1RP GH 0DFKLQH RQ Q
XWLOLVH SDV XQ IRUPDW GH UHTXrWH LQYHUVH PDLV OH SVHXGRGRPDLQH ,1$''5$53$ 5)& 

Page 20

DNS : Les "Resolvers" (1)


r

)RQFWLRQV  &RUUHVSRQGDQFH 1RP ! #,3 ! 55V GH W\SH $ &RUUHVSRQGDQFH #,3 ! 1RP ! 55V GH W\SH 375 #,3 [\]W ! UHTXrWH W]\[,1$''5$53$ 5HFKHUFKH GH WRXWH LQIRUPDWLRQ GDQV OD EDVH GH GRQQpHV GH O
HVSDFH GHV 1RPV XWLOLVDWLRQ GX FDFKH 2EMHFWLIV   UpGXLUH OHV GpODLV HW OD FKDUJH GX UpVHDX  UpGXLUH OH WUDYDLO GHV 16

DNS : Les "Resolvers" (2)


r

/H 5HVROYHU HVW XQH LQWHUIDFH 

16

$SSOLFDWLRQV 3DUWLH /2&$/(

5(62/9(5

16 3DUWLH ',67$17(

Page 21

DNS : Mise en Oeuvre (1)


/HV W\SHV GH 6HUYHXUV GH 1RPV 
r

3DV GH VHUYHXU GX WRXW PDLV XQ 5HVROYHU SDV GH UpVROXWLRQ GHV QRPV GHV UHVVRXUFHV ORFDOHV UpVROXWLRQ GHV QRPV GHV UHVVRXUFHV GLVWDQWHV 6HUYHXU VHFRQGDLUH O
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GHV UHVVRXUFHV ORFDOHV HVW DVVXUpH SDU XQ WLHUV 6HUYHXU SULPDLUH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GHV UHVVRXUFHV ORFDOHV DXWRULWp VXU FHV LQIRUPDWLRQV 6HUYHXU FDFKH PpPRULVH OHV UHTXrWHV SUpFpGHQWHV DXFXQH WDEOH ORFDOH 6HUYHXU IRUZDUGLQJ HQULFKL OH FDFKH G
XQ RX SOXVLHXUV DXWUH V 16

DNS : Mise en Oeuvre (2)


/HV )LFKLHUV j FRQILJXUHU 
r r

HWFQDPHGERRW YHUVLRQ ELQG   RX HWFQDPHGFRQI YHUVLRQ %LQG !  HWFUHVROYFRQI 5pSHUWRLUH URRWQV 5pSHUWRLUH UHVRXUFHV 5pSHUWRLUH UHYHUVH 5pSHUWRLUH ORFDOKRVW

r r

5pSHUWRLUH  GpILQL GDQV HWFQDPHGERRW

r r

Page 22

DNS : Mise en Oeuvre (3)


3RXU WHVWHU XQ 16  QVORRNXS QVORRNXS UHVVRXUFH QVORRNXS !" QVORRNXS W\SH P[ UHVVRXUFH KRVWV

Page 23

You might also like