Thng tin quang v SDH

Gv. Ng Th Phng Chung

Chng 4: Cc h thng thng tin quang si

Phn loi h thng thng tin quang si H thng thng tin quang IM/DD H thng thng tin quang Coherent H thng thng tin quang Siliton

05/21/12

N HT

4.1.Phn loi h thng thng tin quang si

Phn loi Kin trc cc h thng

05/21/12

N HT

4.1.1.Phn loi

Dng tn hiu iu ch

Phng thc iu ch v gii iu ch

S (digital) s dng ch yu Tng t (analog) t gp

iu ch trc tip cng tn hiu trc tip (h thng IM/DD : Intensity Modulation/ Direct Detection). H thng thng tin quang kt hp (coherent) :

Phng php ghp knh quang

Homodyne Heterodyne

Tc v c ly truyn dn

Bc sng Thi gian

05/21/12

N HT

Mng ng trc: 140Mb/s, 480Mb/s, 2400Mb/s. Mng cc b (LAN : Local Area Network) : c ly ngn, dung lng v tc thp 8Mb/s, 34Mb/s.
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4.1.2.Kin trc cc h thng

Tuyn im ni im (point to point):

ng dng thc t vi c ly thay i Khi c ly thng tin ln ( > 20 100km ) c cc trm lp b li s tiu hao ca nng lng nh sng

Khong lp ph thuc vo bc sng cng tc ch cng tc v loi si quang. Bc sng 0,85 mtch B.L t (1Gb/s).km Bc sng 1,55 m tch B.L t (1000Gb/s).km

05/21/12

N HT

C th thay th cc trm lp bng cc trm K quang

C p quang TX RX TX RX TX RX

TX Tr m K TG Tr m K TG

RX

05/21/12

N HT

Cc mng phn phi v qung b

Mng kiu Bus

u im

Mi trng truyn dn hon ton th ng D dng to c cc nhnh trn ng cp m khng gy ra xo trn cu hnh cng nh gin on vic khai thc mng. Truyn 2 hng trn cc nhnh kh thc hin. Tch ghp cc tn hiu vo ra ng truyn dn chnh khng thun li nh cp ng.

Hn ch

05/21/12

N HT

05/21/12

N HT

Phn t tch ghp quang

Cc phn t ghp (coupler) tch cc c chc nng bin i tn hiu quang thu c t Bus thnh tn hiu in trc khi tin hnh x l tn hiu (V d: ghp thm lung s vo lung tn hiu chung,). Cc b ghp th ng khng thc hin qu trnh bin i in quang, n ch s dng c tnh quang ly ra 1 phn nng lng t Bus chnh a n cc thu bao.

05/21/12

N HT

Coupler Bus si quang tch cc

X l t/ h

TB C

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N HT

10

u im:

Mi thit b u c th ng vai tr nh mt trm lp. c th iu tit cc thit b u cui vi s lng khng gii hn v tn hiu c khi phc v gi tr ban u ti mi nt mng. S dng lm trm lp cn tu thuc tng trng hp c th v tin cy

Gi thit c mt trm no trn Bus n si b hng th ton b lu lng s b ngng li, Cu hnh Bus a si hoc cu hnh ng vng gim s c trn.

05/21/12

N HT

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Cu hnh bus a si

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N HT

12

Cu hnh ng vng

Thit b tch cc nh cc chuyn mch in quang. Cc b ghp si th ng

X l t/ h

TB C

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N HT

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Coupler Bus si quang tch cc

S dng tng thit b u cui ly ra phn tn hiu quang t Bus hoc a thm tn hiu quang vo Bus Cc b ghp c dng ch T,

tn hiu quang b suy hao khi r ra cc nhnh suy hao trn lm hn ch kch c mng

05/21/12

N HT

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1 b ghp (4 ca) 2 b ghp (trnh qu ti b thu quang)

05/21/12

N HT

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Mng kiu sao:

tt c cc trm u ni v mt im chnh gi l nt trung tm (Hub).

HUB

HUB HUB n

HUB HUB kp HUB

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N HT

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Hub n

T nt trung tm truyn tn hiu trc tip n cc thu bao. Cho php truyn dung lng ln, thit b mng khng phc tp v chng tch vi nhau, thun tin cho bo dng v khai thc. Hiu qu s dng cp khng cao v khng tn dng c hiu qu bng tn. Cho php tng hiu qu s dng cp v 1 nhnh c th s dng cho nhiu thu bao nn dng trong mng in thoi tn hiu s chuyn mch ti Hub l chuyn mch in.
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Hub kp

05/21/12

N HT

Mng LAN (Local Area Network)

T chc mng LAN theo kiu Bus hoc Ring Cc b ti to, trm lp
k Ph t .....

T i ph t

1 2

05/21/12

N HT

Thu

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4.2.H thng thng tin quang IM/DD

nh ngha

iu ch v tch sng quang trc tip, khng thng qua qu trnh bin i tn s quang

S khi ca thit b u cui quang H thng thng tin quang truyn tn hiu s bng rng thu trc tip

05/21/12

N HT

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S khi ca thit b u cui quang

S i quang

S.quang

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N HT

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Khi tch ghp knh:

Thc hin tch/ghp knh tn hiu s PCM, TDM vi cc cp ghp khc nhau SDH, PDH Thay i m ca t.h u ra khi ghp knh thnh m ph hp vi mi trng truyn (mBnB, CMI,) To ra t.h ln ph hp (dng ln, p thp) iu ch cng cng sut ngun quang

Bin i m:

Khi kch thch:

Ngun quang: LD, LED Thu quang: PIN, APD Khuch i quang:

K t.h v san bng nng cao t s S/N Gii m t.h, a v t.h s

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N HT

Khi quyt nh:

05/21/12

H thng thng tin quang truyn tn hiu s bng rng thu trc tip

LD X o trn

S i quang

05/21/12

N HT

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CCITT/bin:

Xo trn:

Bin i m ng dy thnh t.h nh phn X l tn hiu bng gc. Bt 1 c xung nh sng, Bt 0 khng c xung Hoc ngc li Chc nng ngc M ho, xo trn

M ho:

Gii m, gii xo trn:

Cc b tin K trong mi trng quang:

05/21/12

N HT

Yu cu: S/N nh nht, Tp m nhit nh, Bng tn v h s khuch i ln Cc phn t s dng: JFET, MosFET, MFSFET
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4.3.H thng thng tin quang Coherent

Khi nim v phn loi H thng Homodyne H thng Heterodyne Cc b iu ch ngoi

05/21/12

N HT

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4.3.1.Khi nim v phn loi

Khi nim:

Tn hiu quang thu c s c trn mt cch kt hp vi mt sng mang quang khc trc khi a vo b tch quang

S
K

As t i

Lo

05/21/12

N HT

25

Phn loi

Tn hiu quang thu c Dao ng ni LO

ES = AS .e

i ( 0 t +S )

ELO = ALO .e
S LO

i ( LO t +LO )

B tch quang phn ng sinh ra dng in t l vi cng trng E + E 2 Gi cng sut quang ti b tch quang l P, ta c
2 PS = k .AS2 , PLO = k .ALO , IF = 0 LO

P ( t ) = PS + PLO + 2. PS .PLO .cos ( 0 LO ) .t + S LO

05/21/12

vIF = IF tn s trung tn 2. H thng Homodyne IF = 0 H thng Heterodyne IF 0

N HT

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4.3.2.H thng Homodyne

c im

Tn s

IF = 0 0 = LO

Dng in trn li ra b tch quang t l vi cng sut nh sng ti: I ( t ) = R.P ( t ) = R ( PS + PLO ) + 2.R. PS .PLO cos ( S LO ) 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 43

Thng thng

PLO >> PS PS + PLO PLO

Tn hiu Homodyne : I ( t ) = 2.R. P .P .cos ( ) p S LO S LO Nu kho pha S = LO I p ( t ) = 2.R. PS .PLO

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N HT

05/21/12

So snh vi h thng IM/DD

05/21/12

N HT

Dng tch quang IM/DD: I IM / DD = R. PS ( t) Tn hiu thu c i vi h thng Homodyne c ci thin bi h s (tnh theo cng sut) l 4.PLO PS thng rt ln. 2 Ip ( t) 4.PLO = PS I IM / DD C th iu ch bin hoc iu ch pha. Nhc im: nu khng iu ch pha th LO phi kho theo S cos ( S LO ) = const nn tn ti vng kho pha quang phc tp.
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4.3.3.H thng Heterodyne

Tn s trung tn vIF = 1GHz Dng tch sng trn li ra b tch quang: Tn hiu Heterodyne:
I ac ( t ) = 2.R. PS ( t ) .PLO cos ( IF t + S LO )

I ( t ) = R. P ( t ) + P + 2. R. P ( t) . P .cos( IF t + S LO) LO S LO S

05/21/12

N HT

H thng Heterodyne cho php iu ch bin , tn s v pha. c t s S/N rt ln so vi h thng IM/DD.

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c im:

Khng cn mch vng kho pha quang v c th iu khin hiu ( S LO ) = const nh cos dng cc laser bn dn c rng ng ph hp cho c ngun pht ln dao ng ni. T s (S/N) gim 3 dB so vi h thng Homodyne do trung bnh bnh phng hm cos bng 0,5.

05/21/12

N HT

Tng t s S/N nn h thng coherent s tng nhy thu t (15-20) dB so vi thu trc tip do c th tng c c ly gia 2 trm lp, tng tc trong cc tuyn thng tin ng trc v tng s knh trong mng ni ht hoc mng thu bao.
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 nh y thu (dBm)

Thu trc tip

-40
Thu C oherent

-60

-80

Tc (Mb/s)

05/21/12

N HT

10

10

10

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Khong l (Km) p

400
Thu trc tip

300 200 100

C oherent

IM/ DD

Tc (G b/ s)

05/21/12

N HT

0,01

0,1

10

32

S khi ca HTTT quang Coherent

1 4 2 3 5 9 10

11

05/21/12

N HT

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4.3.4.Cc b iu ch ngoi

iu ch pha:

Thay i pha ca nh sng bng hiu ng tuyn tnh quang in. Hiu ng: chit sut in mi (n) b thay i bi tc ng ca in trng E bin i t vo vt liu in mi mt cch tuyn tnh. Tn hiu iu ch c a vo in cc mch quang tch hp v do lm thay i chit sut ca phn t dn sng.

05/21/12

N HT

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N HT

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Thi gian lan truyn tnh theo cng thc:

t = n. L c

Pha nh sng thay i mt lng:

05/21/12

N HT

: h s hiu sut (<1) hin th s chng ln gia trng iu ch v trng dn quang. S bin i pha t l thun vi s bin i chit sut v l hm tuyn tnh vi in p V. c trng bi tch V.L to nn s lch pha radian ca sng nh sng khi iu ch.
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V = . .n.R. .L d

iu ch cng

C 2 phng php:

Ghp chuyn mch nh hng (Switched Directional Coupler) Theo nguyn l giao thoa quang hc (Interferometric Modulations).

05/21/12

N HT

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Ghp chuyn mch nh hng

Cng sut quang li ra (c chia) ph thuc vo hiu sut ghp v chit sut phn x ca vt liu dn sng. iu khin bng phng php thay i cng in trng E thay i chit sut, c th thay i tng quan cng sut 2 li ra. S dng nh 1 chuyn mch quang vi tng quan t l thay i: 0 100% .

05/21/12

N HT

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N HT

V2

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Theo nguyn l giao thoa quang hc

05/21/12

N HT

Thit b giao thoa quang hc March-Zehinder Cu hnh gm 2 phn t iu pha xp theo s y ko ti thiu ho in p t vo 2 cc mch tch hp. Nu nh sng ti b r nhnh ch Y l cng pha th cng sut li ra l cc i, v nh sng ti b r nhnh l ngc pha th in p ra l cc tiu. su iu ch l khong 99% khi in p t vo v s suy hao tng ng vi b iu ch pha.
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N HT

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iu ch tn s

C th thc hin bng cch thay i di hc cng hng quang i vi laser bn dn.

05/21/12

N HT

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4.4.H thng thng tin quang Soliton

05/21/12

N HT

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