PHN TCH TC NG CA THU N TH TRNG T AI TRONG IU KIN NN KINH T NG V NN KINH T M

MC TIU CA BI: lm r tc ng ca thu ti th trng t ai trong nn kinh t ng v M. Xem xt tc ng ca thu nh hng nh th no n ngi mua, bn, chnh ph v phc li x hi. thay i nh th no khi c thu nh vo t ai.

I. Tng quan v thu bt ng sn.

1) Thu bt ng sn
Thu l cng c quan trng ca nh nuc dng to ngun thu cho ngn sch,n nh kinh tv m v m bo cng bng x hi. Trong cc loi thu th thu ti sn ngy cng c Chnh ph quan tm bi loi thu ny c s thu n nh, bn vng v c th chim t trng cao trong tng s thu ngn schnh nuc. Trong s cc sc thu v ti sn,thu BS l mt loi thu c tm quan trng trong nn kinh t v c tc ng nhiu mt i vi kinh t chnh tr x hi. Thu bt ng sn c hnh thnh l mt b phn khng th thiu trong h thng thu ca mi quc gia.Ty theo cthcatngnc,thuthuvo btngsncthhinnhiuscthukhcnhau,thuhngnmhocthu mt ln. Cc scthu ph bin cp dng gm:Thu ca cinh trn gi tr ti snrng ca cnhn.Thu nh vo t. Thu nh vo nh Thu bt ng sn Thu ng k ti sn Thu tha k, qu tng.Thu nh vo thu nhp t bt ng sn.

2) c im ca thu btng sn
Ngoinhngcimchungcathunh:lthutrcthu,khngmang tnhhontrtrctip,tnhbtbuc,tnhphplThubtngsncnhng im ni bt sau: c

Thubtngsndatrnnguyntcnhthutheolich.Nhng ngichnglichtnhncsphinpthucao.Nh,tv cccngtrnhkintrckhccbotn,phttrinvsinhlilnh c tha hng nhiu li ch t ccdch v cng canh nc. ThuBSlmtloithutisn,cxemnhmtkhonthubsung ca thu nh vothu nhp. ThuBSlloithungkthngdthudongicBSthng muncngkhaingk cnhncbovquynshuhay quyn s dng hp phpca mnh.

II. nh hng ca thu n th trng t ai.

Trong th trng t ai chia lm 2 TH l: vng cha c th ha v vng th ha.

1. Th trng t ai khi th ha.

Cung S c nh, ng cung thng dng.

a) Xt trong nn kinh t ng.

Trong th trng t ai khi cha th ha vn ch lu ng trong nc

P SSr

Pn=P0 t P1 K0K1

Eo E1 D D

S l ng cung trc thu Sr l ng cung sau thu

Khi c thu nh vo t ai , do ng cung (S) khng i . SSr. ngi mua phi suy ngh n vic chu thu nhiu hn sau khi mua t. lm cu gim, im cn bng th trng lc ny gim xung t E0E1 Sn xut chu ton b ton b thu sut.

b) Trong nn kinh t m
Vn lun chuyn hon ho qua cc nc vi nhau. - Trong nn kinh t m t ai coi nh 1 loi vn. hay l hin tng vn ha trong th trng t ai. L qu trnh cc dng trch nhim thu c phn nh vo gi tr ca 1 loi ti sn. s tham gia ca cc nh mua t t nc ngoi.
P S

P0 E0 P1 E1 D K D

song song l nhu cu v t gim ca ngi tiu dng trong nc gim. Lc ny do tc ng ca ca th trng vn ca nc ngoi vo th trng t ai trong nc ( s tham gia ca cc nh u t t nc ngoi tham gia vao th trng ), dng vn ny chy vo lm cn bng li th trng n im E0. Vic nh thu vo th trng t ai c th dn n s thay i t gi gia vnd/usd.

Khi anh thu lm t gi gim . Ngi tiu dung ngoi nc tham gia v th trng t ai . lm ng cu tng ( D D). y gi mua t li v tr ban u. Trn danh ngha ngi mua t s chu ton b thu. Nhng do vic chnh lnh gi em li ngi mua t nc ngoi chiu t thu hn ngi mua trong nc.Ngi sn xut khng phi chu thu.Trong khi o vic t gia thay i ty thuc vo chnh sch th ni hay c nh t gia m chnh ph cng b thit khi c thu.Nu chnh ph duy tr t gi c nh vic nh thu l khng hiu qu v ton b thu thu c s b vic duy ch t gi khu tr.Ngc li vic t gi th ni s anh hng n thu nhp quc dn gim i.

2. Vung cha th ha. a. th trng ng

Vi thu nh vo th trng t ai khi cha th ha, t ai c ng cung cu nh hng ha thng thng : Vic ai chu thu nhiu hn cn ph thuc vo co gin ca ng cung S ng cung cng t co gin th ngi sn xut l ngi chu thu nhiu hn ng cung co gin nhiu hn th ngi tiu dng chu thu nhiu hn.

P S S

E Pm

Po

Pb O K1 K0 Thu ngi sx phi chu Ttd= (Pm-P0)*k`1 Tsx = (Po-Pb)*K1 T = Tsx + Ttd b. th trng m P
Pf S

D K

Pm

P0

Pb D D

K2

K1

K0

Khi th trng trng thi cha th ha : Khi c thu cung gim. im cn bin dch chuyn t AB T gi tng: dng vn chy ra bn ngoi. Cu t ai gim, cn bng th trng gim BC th dng li. Nu chnh ph mun gi t gi c nh, ngn dng vn chy ra bn ngoi , bn USD. Thu ngi tiu dung phi chu Ttd = (Pm-P0)*K2 Thu ngi sn xut phi chu Tsx= (Pf-P0)*K2

Nh nc phi chu T = (Tsx+Ttd) bng s tin dng duy tr t gi. Cn nu t gi th ni: Ngi mua trong nc s c li Ngi mua nc ngoi tham gia vo chu thu khi mua t nhiu hn ngi mua trong nc,. Ngi sn xut vn chu mt khon th ty thc vo vic nh gi VN,USD trn mnh t trc khi c thu. Thu nhp quc dn gim