Update on IEC 61000-3-6: Harmonic Emission Limits for Customers Connected to MV, HV, and EHV

Mark McGranaghan mmcgranaghan@eprisolutions.com 865-218-8029

International Harmonic Standards

Customer/System Limits:
IEC 61000-2-2 (Compatibility Levels) IEEE 519-1992 (revision under development) IEC 61000-3-6 (revision being reviewed by national committees) G5/4 (UK)

Equipment Limits:
IEC 61000-3-2 (Formerly IEC 555-2) up to 16 amps IEC 61000-3-12 16-75 amps

How to Measure Harmonics:

IEC 61000-4-7
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Basic Philosophy of IEEE 519

The customer is responsible for limiting harmonic currents injected onto the power system. The utility is responsible for maintaining quality of voltage waveform.

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IEC Approach

Limit harmonic currents for individual equipment (type testing). IEC 61000-3-2 for equipment up to 16 amps. IEC 61000-3-12 for equipment up to 75 amps (recommendation only). Procedure for evaluating customers supplied at medium voltage and high voltage (61000-3-6).

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IEC 61000-3-6 Stage 2 Limits

Based on compatibility levels and apportioning the limits among all consumers.
User 1Emission User 2 Emission User 3 Emission . . . User m Emission Emission margin available for new users

Total assigned emission (Users 1,2,...,m) Local Emission Compatibility Level

Transferred emission margin st ill available

Total Emission Margin Available

Transferred emission from ot her syst em st ages

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IEC 61000-2-2 Compatibility Levels

Harmonic Voltage COMPATIBILITY LEVELS (IEC 1000-2-2)

Odd harmonics non-multiple of 3 Harmonic Order h 5 7 11 13 17 h 49 Harmonic Voltage % 6 5 3,5 3 Odd harmonics multiple of 3 Harmonic Order h 3 9 15 21 21< h 45 Harmonic Voltage % 5 1,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 Even harmonics Harmonic Order h 2 4 6 8 10 h 50 Harmonic Voltage % 2 1 0,5 0,5

2,27

17 0,27 h

0,25

10 + 0,25 h

NOTE: The corresponding compatibility level for the total harmonic distortion is THD = 8%.

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Compatibility Levels for Short Term Harmonics

For very short term effects of harmonics, the compatibility levels for individual harmonic components of the voltages shown in Table 1 should be multiplied by a factor khvs

0 ,7 k hvs = 1,3 + (h 5 ) 45
For very short-term effects, the compatibility level for THD is 11%.

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Harmonic Limits for Customers are Derived from Planning Levels

Planning Levels for THD: THDMV=6.5% THDHV-EHV=3%

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Comparing actual harmonic levels with the planning levels

The 95% weekly value of Uh,sh (r.m.s. value of individual harmonics over "short" 10 min periods) should not exceed the planning level. The greatest 99 % probability daily value of Uh,vs (r.m.s. value of individual harmonic components over "very short" 3 s periods) should not exceed the planning levels time the multiplying factor khvs given previously with reference to very short time effects of harmonics.

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Three stage evaluation

Stage 1 Simplified assessment Stage 2 Emission limits based on actual network conditions Stage 3 Acceptance of higher emission levels on an exceptional basis

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Stage 1 Simplified Assessment

Small Agreed Power

Si 0,2 % S sc
Small portion of harmonic sources

S Dwi 0,1 % S sc
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Stage 2 Sharing Emission Limits

HV or MV upstream system MV

(LhUS) ThUM (LhMV) GhMV+L GhMV SMV

LV SLV FML coincidence factor between MVLV distorting lods

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IEC 61000-3-6 Stage 2 Limits

Based on compatibility levels and apportioning the limits among all consumers.
User 1Emission User 2 Emission User 3 Emission . . . User m Emission Emission margin available for new users

Total assigned emission (Users 1,2,...,m) Local Emission Compatibility Level

Transferred emission margin st ill available

Total Emission Margin Available

Transferred emission from ot her syst em st ages

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General summation law for assumed combination of harmonic sources

Uh =

Uhi i

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In Equation Form

Global emission at MV including LV loads

GhMV +LV = L (ThUM LhUS ) hMV

Portion of Global emission that can be apportioned to MV loads

G hMV =

S MV

S MV L (ThUML hUS ) + S LV .FML hMV

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Emission Limit for Individual Customer

Loads not in simultaneous use:

EUhi = GhMV

Si 1 S MV FMV

Loads assumed to be in simultaneous use:

EUhi = GhMV +LV

Si St

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The overall procedure

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Wait a minute, how does the customer use voltage distortion limits?
Im p e d a n c e ( )

H a rm o n ic n u m b e r

11 kV worst case impedance curve Up to h = 8: Zh = 2 h x1 Above h = 8: Zh = h x1

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Hamburg measurements 5th harmonic levels

Voltage u5, 95%-values 7 6 harm. voltage in % Un 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 number of mesasurements

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Measurement duration 1 week each, evaluation according to European standard EN 50160 All measurement points situatied in different LV networks in Hamburg

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Harmonic filter at Carolina Power & Light substation

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Harmonic filters at ESB (Ireland) substations

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What next?

Trends are harmonic levels increasing? Limits

Equipment limits Customer system limits Relative responsibility of utility and customer where is the most economical place to solve problems?

How to determine the source location using the measurements

This is necessary to implement economic penalties

How can we use harmonic measurements for intelligent applications?

Capacitor problems Equipment problems, system resonance Control charts

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