Ti liu hng dn thc hnh: in cng nghip

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BI 2
KHOI DNG T V NHP MY
2.1. Tm tt l thuyt
2.1.1 Sinh vin cn xem li cc phn l thuyt sau dy trong phn l
thuyt Din Cng Nghip
Mach din, mach diu khin, mach dng luc, cng tc to, bao v qu tai
(Over Load Relay OLR) v khoi dng tu.
2.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic cua mch dng khoi dng t don (hnh 2.1)
Dng cu dao v cu chi d khoi dng truc tip dng co khng dng b don
gian nhung c nhiu nguy him khi dng co c cng sut lon. Khi dng ngt cu
dao h quang c th sinh ra rt manh lm nguy him nguoi thao tc. Khi dng co
dang hoat dng, dt ngt mt din th dng co ngung hoat dng nhung khi c din
lai dng co s tu chay lai gy nguy him cho dng co v my duoc truyn dng.
So d mach dng luc v mach diu khin nhu hnh 2.1. Mach dng luc
gm c cu dao 3 pha S - cu ch F, 3 tip dim chnh thuong mo cua cng-tc-to
M
L1
L2
N
L3
S
K
OLR
CC
Hnh 2.1: Mach dng luc
OFF ON
K
OLR
220 VAC
K
Hnh 2.2: Mach diu khin dng co bng khoi dng tu don
L1
N
Ti liu hng dn thc hnh: in cng nghip
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K, 3 phn tu dt nng cua ro-le bao v qu tai OLR. Mach diu khin ly din p
dy cua mach dng luc 3 pha (c th ly din p pha hay din p mt chiu ty theo
din p dinh muc cua cun dy cng-tc-to K). Mach diu khin gm c nt bm
thuong dng OFF, nt bm thuong mo ON, tip dim phu thuong mo cua cng-tc-
to K, cun dy cua cng-tc-to K, tip dim thuong dng cua ro-le bao v qu tai
OLR. Tt ca cc kh cu duoc ni voi nhau theo hnh 2.1.
Khi chua dng cu dao S, ton mach bn duoi khng hoat dng cho d c
bm nt ON hay khng. Khi dng cu dao S th mach bn duoi moi c th hoat
dng duoc. Bm nt ON, tip dim thuong mo cua nt ON dng lai, cun dy cng-
tc-to K duoc ni voi din p v ht cc tip dim thuong mo chnh v phu dng
lai. Do tip dim thuong mo phu dng lai nn khi bung tay ra khoi nt ON lm
tip dim thuong mo cua nt ON lai mo ra, nhung do tip dim thuong mo phu cua
cng-tc-to K dng nn cun dy cua cng-tc-to K vn duoc duy tr din p v vn
ht cc tip dim do d tip dim thuong mo phu ny cua cng-tc-to cn goi l
tip dim tu giu. Do 3 tip dim chnh cua cng-tc-to K trn mach dng luc dng
nn dng co duoc cung cp din 3 pha v hoat dng.
Khi dng co bi qu tai, dng din trn mach dng luc tng ln, t nht c
mt trong 3 phn tu dt nng cua ro-le bao v qu tai OLR dt trn mach dng luc
bi nng ln v cong vnh lm ngt tip dim thuong dng cua ro-le bao v qu tai
OLR lm cho cun dy cua cng-tc-to mt din p v nha cc tip dim thuong
mo dang bi ht ra lm dng co bi ngung cung cp din.
Khi dng co dang hoat dng, bm nt OFF, tip dim thuong dng cua nt
OFF mo ra, cun dy cua cng-tc-to K mt din p lm nha cc tip dim thuong
mo chnh v phu dang bi ht ra lm dng co bi ngung cung cp din.
* Uu dim: Khi dng co dang hoat dng, din luoi mt dt ngt, dng co
ngung lm vic. Khi din luoi c lai dng co khng hoat dng tro lai. Mun dng
co hoat dng tro lai ta phai bm nt ON. Diu ny s gip cho dng co v cc my
mc duoc truyn dng an ton hon. Bao v qu tai nhanh v tin cy hon cu ch.
Khng nguy him cho nguoi thao tc v cc tip dim cua cng-tc-to dng ngt
nhanh v duoc dp h quang tt. Hoat dng tin cy v bn.
* Nhuc dim: Cu tao phuc tap, tn tin hon so voi khoi dng bng cu
dao truc tip. Ung dung: Su dung rng ri trong san xut.
Nu khng c tip dim tu giu K gn song song voi nt ON th khi bung
tay ra khoi nt ON mach din s bi ho nn cun dy K khng c din nn nha cc
tip dim chnh ra lm dng co ngung hoat dng (hnh 2.2)
2.1.3. Nguyn l lm vic cua mch nhp my (hnh 2.4)
Trong thuc t san xut, nhiu khu san xut c khi chi cn mo v tt dng
co ngay, c khi cho dng co chay nhu o mach hnh 1.2. D dp ung nhu cu trn
cn c mach din thoa mn mo my v nhp my nhu hnh 2.4. So d mach diu
khin nhu hnh 2.4. Dng ngt mach d dng co chay bnh thuong nhu hnh 1.2.
Ti liu hng dn thc hnh: in cng nghip
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Khi dng co ngung hoat dng. Mun nhp my (Jogging) th nhn nt
Jogging. Cun dy K c din, cc tip dim chnh dng lai. Dng co duoc cung cp
din. Bung nt Jogging ra cun dy K mt din, nha cc tip dim chnh K ra,
dng co ngung hoat dng.
2.1.4. Nguyn l lm vic cua mch din diu khin dng co ti hai v| tr
Hnh 2.3: Mach khoi dng dng co bng khoi dng tu khng c tip dim tu giu
OFF
ON
K
OLR
24 V AC
ON
K
OLR
24 V AC
JOG
K
Hnh 2.4: Mach din diu khin nhp nhy dng co
OFF
N
OFF1
ON1
K1
OLR
220 VAC
K1
Hnh 2.5: Mach diu khin dng co tai hai vi tr
L1
OFF2
ON1
Ti liu hng dn thc hnh: in cng nghip
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Ti v| tr 1: An nt ON1, cun ht cng tc to K s c din v tu duy tr
boi tip dim tu giu K, tip dim dng luc s dng lai lm cho dng co hoat dng.
Mun tc my ta chi cn n nt OFF1.
Ti v| tr 2: An nt ON2, cun ht cng tc to K s c din v tu duy tr
boi tip dim tu giu K, tip dim dng luc s dng lai lm cho dng co hoat dng.
Mun tc my ta chi cn n nt OFF2.
2.2. M ta thit b|
Ngun din 380/220V d cung cp cho dng co. Ngun din 24 V AC d
cung cp cho mach diu khin. Cc nt bm ON, OFF, JOG. Cng tc to, ro le
nhit. Tt ca cc thit bi duoc gn dy du trn bang din th nghim.
Thc hnh
1. Ni mach din dng khoi dng tu hnh 2.1 v 2.2 (diu khin v dng luc)
d khoi dng dng co khng dng b.
2. Ni mach din hnh 2.1 v hnh 2.3 (diu khin v dng luc) d diu khin
dng co bn khoi dng tu don khng c tip dim tu giu.
3. Ni mach din hnh 2.1 v 2.4 (diu khin v dng luc) d khoi dng nhp
my dng co khng dng b.
4. Ni mach din hnh 2.1 v 2.5 (diu khin v dng luc) d diu khin dng
co tai hai vi tr 1 v 2.
* Dnh cho sinh vin chuyn ngnh din
5. Sinh vin hy thit k mach din (dng luc v diu khin) diu khin 2
dng co M1 v M2 chay theo nguyn l lm vic sau: Khi n nt ON1 th dng co
M1 lm vic, khi dng co M1 lm vic d c n nt ON2 th dng co M2 vn
khng hoat dng v nguoc lai.
6. Sinh vin hy thit k mach din (dng luc v diu khin) diu khin dng
co dua trn nhung thit bi hin c trn bang th nghim cua bi:
1 b ngun 3 pha
1 b ngun 1 pha
2 b nt n
2 dng co
1 ro le thoi gian
2 khoi dng tu
1 CB 3 pha
1 CB 1 pha
1 ro le trung gian
Cu hoi
1. Mach diu khin khng tu giu duoc do du? Cch khc phuc?
2. Khi mach diu khin hoat dng, dng co khng hoat dng duoc do du? Cch
khc phuc?