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Total Quality Project Management: INSE 6230
Total Quality Project Management: INSE 6230
INSE 6230
Lecture 1: Introduction to Project Management
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Introduction
Many organizations today have a new or renewed interest in project management. Computer hardware, software, networks, and the use of interdisciplinary and global work teams have radically changed the work environment. The U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, or one-quarter its gross domestic product, and the world as a whole spends nearly $10 trillion of its $40.7 trillion gross product on projects of all kinds.*
*PMI, The PMI Project Management Fact Book, Second Edition, 2001.
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*The Standish Group, The CHAOS Report (www.standishgroup.com) (1995). Another reference is Johnson, Jim, CHAOS: The Dollar Drain of IT Project Failures, Application Development Trends (January 1995).
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What Is a Project?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.* Operations is work done to sustain the business. A project ends when its objectives have been reached, or the project has been terminated. Projects can be large or small and take a short or long time to complete.
*PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (2004), p. 5.
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Examples of IT Projects
A help desk or technical worker replaces laptops for a small department.
A small software development team adds a new feature to an internal software application. A college campus upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless Internet access.
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Examples of IT Projects
A cross-functional task force in a company decides what software to purchase and how it will be implemented. A television network develops a system to allow viewers to vote for contestants and provide other feedback on programs. A government group develops a system to track child immunizations.
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Project Attributes
A project:
Has a unique purpose. Is temporary. Is developed using progressive elaboration. Requires resources, often from various areas. Should have a primary customer or sponsor.
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Involves uncertainty.
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*PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (2004), p. 8.
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Project Stakeholders
Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities. Stakeholders include:
Project sponsor Project manager Project team Support staff Customers Users Suppliers Opponents to the project
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*The Standish Group, Latest Standish Group CHAOS Report Shows Project Success Rates Have Improved by 50% (March 25, 2003).
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*Northwest Center for Emerging Technologies, Building a Foundation for Tomorrow: Skills Standards for Information Technology, Belleview, WA, 1999.
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Leadership and professionalism are crucial. Know what your sponsor expects from the project, and learn from your mistakes. Trust your team and delegate decisions. Know the business. Stand up for yourself.
Be a team player. Stay organized and dont be overly emotional. Work on projects and for people you believe in. Think outside the box. There is some luck involved in project management, and you should always aim high.
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Ineffective Project Managers Sets bad example Not self-assured Lacks technical expertise Poor communicator Poor motivator
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Application development
Project management
Database management
Networking
Cosgrove, Lorraine, January 2004 IT Staffing Update, CIO Research Reports (February 3, 2004).
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Industrialization
Late 1800s
Conversion from agrarian to industrial organizations Evolving management concepts
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Time Period F M A M J
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Computerization
1980s Hardware/software proliferation made PM tools accessible to smaller firms Technological sophistication added complexity to projects Demand for better, faster, cheaper Downsizing to leaner, quicker, more responsive organizations Clients want it On time, on budget
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Each box is a project task from the WBS. Arrows show dependencies between tasks. The bolded tasks are on the critical path. If any task on the critical path takes longer to complete than planned, the whole project will slip unless something is done.
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The number of people earning PMP certification is increasing quickly. PMI and other organizations are offering new certification programs.
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27,052
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
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High-end tools: Also called enterprise project management software; often licensed on a per-user basis; VPMi Enterprise Online (www.vcsonline.com).
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Summary: PM Framework
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Summary
As the number and complexity of projects continue to grow, it is becoming even more important to practice good project management. A project has several attributes, such as being unique, temporary and developed incrementally. A framework for project management includes project stakeholders, the nine knowledge areas, tools and techniques, and creating project portfolios to ensure enterprise success. Successful project managers must possess and develop many skills and lead their teams by example. The project management profession continues to mature as more people become certified and more tools are created.
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