Chng II: QU TRNH REFORMING XC TC

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. MC CH LCH S PHT TRIN NGUYN LIU SN PHM CHT XC TC CC PHN NG CA QU TRNH C CH PHN NG NG HC QU TRNH CC IU KIN TIN HNH QU TRNH S CNG NGH

I- MC CH
Bin i thnh phn HC cc phn on nh ca du m, ch yu l cc P v N c t 6 10 nguyn t C (thng l 7, 8, 9) thnh cc HC thm c s C tng ng

V tr ca phn xng RC trong nh my lc du

III- NGUYN LIU

sn xut ra cc HC thm c t 6 10 C (thng l 7, 8, 9), qu trnh RC cn cc loi nguyn liu cha cc P hoc N c s C tng ng. Thnh phn nguyn liu : Gm 2 loi nguyn liu : loi P : c P = 6070%, N =15 25%, A = 10 15% . loi N : c P = 2030%, N = 60 70%, A = 8 15% . c bit khng c olfine thu cc loi hydrocarbon thm ring l, ta chn cc phn on xng c gii hn si hp nh sau : sn xut Benzne : dng phn on xng c gii hn nhit si : 62 85oC ; sn xut Tolune : dng phn on xng c gii hn nhit si : 85 120oC ; sn xut Xylne : dng phn on xng c gii hn nhit si : 120 140oC

IV- SN PHM
Kh giu H2 : 2 4% m, mt phn c s dng cho tun hon li qu trnh, cn phn ln c a ra khi h thng s dng cho qu trnh lm sch sn phm v cho qu trnh hydrocracking ; Kh t C1 - C2 : 1 4% m lm nhin liu t Phn on C3 - C4 : 5 14% m sn xut GPL : hiu sut thu C4 max khi s dng cht xc tc Pt/ Aluminosilicat ; hiu sut thu C4 min khi s dng cht xc tc Pt/ Al2O3, ng thi gim ppH. Xng Reformat : 80 90% khi lng, c : RON = 98 100 ; S = RON - MON = 10 ; Giu hydrocarbon aromatic ( 60%)

V- CHT XC TC
Tt c cc cht xc tc c s dng hin nay u l dn xut ca cht xc tc Pt trn cht mang alumine c chlore ho do hng UOP p dng t nm 1949 ; Gi thnh tng i t : 35 F/kg so vi 2 F/kg zolithe xc tc cho qu trnh FCC ; Gm 2 loi cht xc tc : Cht xc tc Pt trn cht mang alumine Cht xc tc 2 chc kim loi (bimtallique)

Chu k ti sinh v tui th ca cht xc tc

i vi cng ngh ti sinh bn lin tc : chu k ti sinh khong 6 15 thng, trung bnh l 1 nm. Tui th ca cht xc tc khong 5 7 nm ; i vi cng ngh ti sinh lin tc : chu k ti sinh khong 2 10 ngy, trung bnh cht xc tc c ti sinh khong 100 ln/ nm. Tui th ca cht xc tc khong 2 4 nm, ngn hn do b mi mn v ph hu trong cc tng xc tc di ng.

Cc cht ng c xc tc
Nc Nit Lu hunh Cc kim loi Pb, As, Hg, Si

VI- CC PHN NG CA QU TRNH

Cc phn ng chnh Cc phn ng ph

Bng 2 : Nhit ca cc phn ng ch yu ca qu trnh reforming xc tc

Loi phn ng Phn ng kh hydro cc P Phn ng kh hydro cc N Phn ng kh hydro v khp vng cc P Phn ng isomer ha cc nP Phn ng isomer ha cc N Nhit phn ng, kJ/mol + 125 + 210 + 250 -10 -15

VII- C CH PHN NG
Phn ng Kh hydro P, N Kh hydro v khp vng Isomer ha Hydrocracking Alkyle ha Cc ho C ch 1 chc 1 chc v 2 chc 2 chc 2 chc 1 chc 1 chc v 2 chc Tm ng Pt Pt Pt + cht mang acide Pt + cht mang acide Pt + cht mang acide cht mang acide Pt hoc cht mang acide Pt + cht mang acide

Hnh 2 : Cc hng phn ng chnh chuyn ha thnh aromatic

Hnh 3: Cc qu trnh chuyn ha ch yu ca cc paraffine xy ra trn b mt CXT

VIII- NG HC QU TRNH
Qua bng 2, qu trnh RC nhn chung thu nhit mnh nn xy ra thun li iu kin nhit cao. V vy, cn phi cung cp nhit cn thit cho qu trnh bng cch chia thnh 3 hoc 4 tng xc tc lin tip c cc l t xen k. Vic chn 3 hoc 4 tng xc tc lin tip hoc 3, 4 thit b phn ng lin tip ph thuc vo bn cht ca nguyn liu : 3 i vi nguyn liu thuc loi P 4 i vi nguyn liu thuc loi N

IX- CC IU KIN TIN HNH QU TRNH

T = 490 525 oC ; P = 12 25 bar nu l tng XT c nh ; = 3 10 bar nu l tng XT di ng. T l H2/HC = 5 7 nu l tng XT c nh = 1,5 4 nu l tng XT di ng Vn tc truyn nguyn liu : PPH (t nguyn liu / t xc tc / h) = 1 3 h-1

X- CNG NGH CA QU TRNH

Cc cng ngh khc nhau ch yu dng TBPW : dc trc hay xuyn tm tng XT c nh hay di ng ; Trc y, qu trnh cn vn hnh P cao (> 50 bar) th P do TBPW xem nh khng nh hng ng k. Do vy, trong nhng nm ny thng s dng TBPW dc trc vi cu to n gin v gi thnh r. n nm 1960, khi xut hin CXT 2 chc kim loi (bimtallique) v gim P vn hnh cn 10 bar th P do TBPW tr nn ng k TBPW dng xuyn tm tr thnh mt s la chn duy nht vi P nh hn nhiu so vi dng dc trc

Hin nay qu trnh RC gm 2 cng ngh chnh : Cng ngh ti sinh bn lin tc vi tng xc tc c nh (semi-rgnratif) : lm vic bn lin tc ; cht xc tc c ti sinh vi chu k t 6 15 thng khi hm lng cc bm trn b mt cht xc tc ln (15 20%); Cng ngh ti sinh lin tc vi tng xc tc di ng (rgnratif) : lm vic lin tc ; chu k ti sinh cht xc tc t 2 10 ngy : cht xc tc lm vic i qua ln lt cc thit b phn ng ni tip nhau, sau cht xc tc c ti sinh v quay li thit b phn ng u tin.

XI- S cng ngh

Gm 3 khu vc chnh : Khu vc x l nguyn liu Khu vc phn ng Khu vc n nh sn phm