Toosi, Mitra. 2002. A Century of Change: US Labor Force from 1950 to 2050 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Labor force has changed greatly since the 1950s The pace of female employment in the workforce accelerated greatly in the 1950s Truman had desegregated the army Baby Boom generation, and Eisenhower was building inter-state highways Toosi predicts that the pace of change will decelerate, but will also continue, especially in aspects such as race, gender, ethnicity, etc. 6. Labor force participation rate will decline

Halaby, Where Job Values Come from: Family and Schooling Background, Cognitive Ability, and Gender 1. The rewards in higher risk jobs are, on average, but not consistently greater than regular jobs 2. Affective attitudes are a poor guide to behavior. Brewster & Rindfuss 1. What does child-bearing have to do with female labor force patterns? a. Children increase womens labor force participation b. Children are inconvenient with employment c. Children are biologically and socially associated with child-bearing d. Since the 20th Century, labor force participation for mothers and married women have increased dramatically all over the world. e. Total Fertility rate is a good measure with female labor force participation rate in any country. f. Total Fertility Rate is the age-specific fertility rate in relation to other women in the cohort. g. Actual Future Fertility h. Intended Future Fertility i. Expected Labor force participation Borjas 1. Immigration 2. Cohorts a. Age (Time since Birth) b. Period (Time since creation) c. Cohort (Time since significant life event) 3. Immigration is fundamentally defined by public policy (law) 4. The circumstances under which different groups immigrate is a result of national policy and are completely different.

Bowles, Gintis, & Osborne

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Institutionalist perspective of labor vs. Marxist perspective of labor Parental education and schooling are not very good indicators of income level Success in the labor market is somehow transferred from parents to children This transference occurs outside assets, economic status, and etc. Cognitive/learning ability is not tightly linked with earnings. Leon Walras & Schumpeter a. Equilibrium in the market b. Creative destruction c. Well-socialized workers d. Documentation e. Standardization f. Time-Preference I. Expressed as an interest rate II. Discomfort rate 7. What youre learning in school is not necessarily what youre being paid for.