Mch xoay chiu

Dng 1. Bi tp cch to ra dng in xoay chiu:

Bi 1: Mt khung dy c din tch S = 60cm2 quay u vi vn tc 20 vng trong mt giy.
Khung t trong t trng u B = 2.10-2T. Trc quay ca khung vung gc vi cc ng cm
ng t, lc t = 0 php tuyn khung dy c hng ca .
a. Vit biu thc t thng xuyn qua khung dy.
b. Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong khung dy.
Hng dn:
a. Chu k:
1 1
0,05
20
o
T
n
= = = (s).
Tn s gc: 2 2 .20 40
o
n e t t t = = = (rad/s).

2 4 5
1.2.10 .60.10 12.10
o
NBS

u = = = (Wb)
Vy
5
12.10 cos 40 t t

u= (Wb)
b.
5 2
40 .12.10 1, 5.10
o o
E e t

= u = = (V)
Vy
2
1,5.10 sin 40 E t t

= (V) Hay
2
cos
2
1,5.10 40 E t
t
t

| |
|
\ .
= (V)
Bi 2: Mt khung dy dn gm N = 100 vng qun ni tip, din tch mi vng dy l S =
60cm2. Khung dy quay u vi tn s 20 vng/s, trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B =
2.10-2T. Trc quay ca khung vung gc vi .
a. Lp biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi.
b. V th biu din sut in ng cm ng tc thi theo thi gian.
Hng dn:
a. Chu k:
1 1
0,05
20
o
T
n
= = = s.
Tn s gc: 2 2 20 40
o
n e t t t = = = (rad/s)
Bin ca sut in ng:
E
o
= eNBS = 40t .100.2.10
-2
.60.10
-4
~1,5V
Chn gc thi gian lc
( )
, 0 n B =

0 = .
Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi:
sin 1, 5sin 40
o
e E t t e t = = (V)
Hay cos 1,5cos 40
2
o
e E t t
t
e t
| |
= =
|
\ .
(V).
b. th biu din e theo t l ng hnh
sin:
- Qua gc ta O.
- C chu k T = 0,05s
- Bin E
o
= 1,5V.
Bi 3: Mt khung dy dn c N = 100 vng dy qun ni tip, mi vng c din tch S = 50cm
2
.
Khung dy c t trong t trng u B = 0,5T. Lc t = 0, vect php tuyn ca khung dy
hp vi B

gc
3
t
= . Cho khung dy quay u quanh trc A (trc A i qua tm v song song
vi mt cnh ca khung) vung gc vi B

vi tn s 20 vng/s. Chng t rng trong khung

xut hin sut in ng cm ng e v tm biu thc ca e theo t.
Hng dn:
Khung dy quay u quanh trc A vung gc vi cm ng t B

th gc hp bi vect php
tuyn n

ca khung dy v B

thay i t thng qua khung dy bin thin Theo nh lut

cm ng in t, trong khung dy xut hin sut in ng cm ng.
Tn s gc: 2 2 .20 40
o
n e t t t = = = (rad/s)
Bin ca sut in ng :

4
40 .100.0,5.50.10 31, 42
o
E NBS e t

= = ~ (V)
Chn gc thi gian lc
( )
,
3
n B
t
=


Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi:
31, 42sin 40
3
e t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(V) Hay 31, 42cos 40
6
e t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(V)
Bi 4: Khung dy gm N = 250 vng quay u trong t trng u c cm ng t B = 2.10
-2
T.
Vect cm ng t B

vung gc vi trc quay ca khung. Din tch ca mi vng dy l S =

400cm
2
. Bin ca sut in ng cm ng trong khung l 4
o
E t = (V) 12, 56 ~ (V). Chn
gc thi gian (t = 0) lc php tuyn ca khung song song v cng chiu vi B

.
a. Vit biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng e theo t.
b. Xc nh gi tr ca sut in ng cm ng thi im
1
40
t = s.
c. Xc nh thi im sut in ng cm ng c gi tr 6, 28
2
o
E
e = = V.
Hng dn:
a. Tn s gc :
2 4
4
20
250.2.10 .400.10
o
E
NBS
t
e t

= = = (rad/s)
Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi:
12,56sin20 e t t = (V) hay 12,56cos 20
2
e t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(V).
b. Ti
1
40
t = s th
1
12,56sin 20 . 12,56
40
e t
| |
= =
|
\ .
V
c. 6, 28
2
o
E
e = = V 6, 28 12,56sin 20 t t =
sin20 0, 5 sin
6
t
t
t = =

2
6
20
5
2
6
k
t
k
t
t
t
t
t

1
( )
120 10
1
( )
24 10
k
s
t
k
s

Bi 5: Mt con lc n gm mt dy kim loi nh c u trn I c nh, u di treo qu cu
nh C bng kim loi. Chiu di ca dy l l = 1m.
a. Ko C ra khi v tr cn bng gc 0,1
o
o = rad ri bung cho C dao ng t do. Lp biu
thc tnh gc o hp bi dy treo v phng thng ng theo thi gian t.
b. Con lc dao ng trong t trng u c B

vung gc vi mt phng dao ng ca con lc.

Cho B = 0,5T, chng t gia I v C c mt hiu in th u. Lp biu thc ca u theo thi gian t.
Hng dn:
a. Tn s gc:
9,8
1
g
l
e t = = ~ (rad/s)
Phng trnh dao ng ca con lc c dng: ( ) sin
o
t o o e = +
Chn gc thi gian t = 0 lc con lc lch khi v tr cn bng gc 0,1
o
o = rad.
ti t = 0 th
o
o o =
sin
o o
o o = sin 1
2
t
= = rad
Vy 0,1sin
2
t
t
o t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(rad).
b. Con lc dao ng trong t trng u c B

vung gc vi mt phng dao ng ca con lc

din tch S ca mt phng dao ng qut bi con lc thay i theo thi gian t t thng
qua din tch S bin thin trong con lc xut hin sut in ng cm ng, suy ra gia hai
u I v C ca con lc c mt hiu in th u.
Do vect php tuyn n

ca mt phng dao ng qut bi con lc trng B

( )
, 0 n B = =

.
V mch IC h nn biu thc ca u theo t c dng : sin
o
u e E t e = =
Vi
2
2
o
l
S
o
= ( Din tch hnh qut)

2
0,1.1
.1.0, 5. 0, 079
2 2
o
o
l
E NBS NB
o
e e t = = = = (V)
Vy 0,079sin u e t t = = (V).

Dng 2: Vit biu thc ca u v i
Bi 1:Mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr thun R = 40O, mt cun thun cm c h s t
cm
0,8
L
t
= H v mt t in c in dung
4
2.10
C
t

= F mc ni tip. Bit rng dng in
qua mch c dng 3cos100 i t t = (A).
a. Tnh cm khng ca cun cm, dung khng ca t in v tng tr ton mch.
b. Vit biu thc in p tc thi gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm, gia hai u t
in, gia hai u mch in.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng:
0,8
100 . 80
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O
Dung khng:
4
1 1
50
2.10
100 .
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
Tng tr: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
40 80 50 50
L C
Z R Z Z = + = + = O
b. - V u
R
cng pha vi i nn : cos100
R oR
u U t t =
vi U
oR
= I
o
R = 3.40 = 120V
Vy 120cos100 u t t = (V).
- V u
L
nhanh pha hn i gc
2
t
nn: cos 100
2
L oL
u U t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .

Vi U
oL
= I
o
Z
L
= 3.80 = 240V
Vy 240cos 100
2
L
u t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(V).
- V u
C
chm pha hn i gc
2
t
nn: cos 100
2
C oC
u U t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .

Vi U
oC
= I
o
Z
C
= 3.50 = 150V
Vy 150cos 100
2
C
u t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(V).
p dng cng thc:
80 50 3
tan
40 4
L C
Z Z
R

= = =
37
o
~
37
0, 2
180
t
t = ~ (rad).
biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai u mch in:
( ) cos 100
o
u U t t = +
Vi U
o
= I
o
Z = 3.50 = 150V
Vy ( ) 150cos 100 0, 2 u t t t = + (V).
Bi 2: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr thun R = 80O, mt cun dy thun
cm c t cm L = 64mH v mt t in c in dung 40 C F = mc ni tip.
a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch. Bit tn s ca dng in f = 50Hz.
b. on mch c t vo in p xoay chiu c biu thc 282cos314 u t = (V). Lp biu
thc cng tc thi ca dng in trong on mch.
Hng dn:
a. Tn s gc: 2 2 .50 100 f e t t t = = = rad/s
Cm khng:
3
100 .64.10 20
L
Z L e t

= = ~ O
Dung khng:
6
1 1
80
100 .40.10
C
Z
C e t

= = ~ O
Tng tr: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
80 20 80 100
L C
Z R Z Z = + = + = O
b. Cng dng in cc i:

282
2,82
100
o
o
U
I
Z
= = = A
lch pha ca hiu in th so vi cng dng in:

20 80 3
tan
80 4
L C
Z Z
R

= = = 37
o
~

37
37
180
o
i u
t
= = = = rad
Vy
37
2,82cos 314
180
i t
t | |
= +
|
\ .
(A)
Bi 3:Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit
1
10
L
t
= H,
3
10
4
C
t

= F
v n ghi (40V- 40W). t vo 2 im A v N mt hiu in
th 120 2 cos100
AN
u t t = (V). Cc dng c o khng lm
nh hng n mch in.
a. Tm s ch ca cc dng c o.
b. Vit biu thc cng dng in v in p ton mch.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng:
1
100 . 10
10
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O
Dung khng:
3
1 1
40
10
100 .
4
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
in tr ca bng n:
2 2
m
m
40
40
40

U
R
P
= = = O
Tng tr on mch AN:
2 2 2 2
40 40 40 2

AN C
Z R Z = + = + = O
S ch ca vn k:
120 2
120
2 2
oAN
AN
U
U = = = V
S ch ca ampe k:
120 3
2,12
40 2 2
AN
A
AN
U
I I
Z
= = = = ~ A
b. Biu thc cng dng in c dng:
( ) cos 100
o i
i I t t = + (A)
Ta c :
40
tan 1
40

C
AN
Z
R

= = =
4
AN
t
= rad


4
i uAN AN AN
t
= = = rad

3
2 . 2 3
2
o
I I = = = A
Vy 3cos 100
4
i t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(A).
Biu thc hiu in th gia hai im A, B c dng:
( ) cos 100
AB o u
u U t t = + (V)
Tng tr ca on mch AB:

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
40 10 40 50

AB L C
Z R Z Z = + = + = O
3.50 150
o o AB
U I Z = = = V
Ta c:
10 40 3
tan
40 4

L C
AB
Z Z
R

= = =
37
180
AB
t
= rad

37
4 180 20
u i AB
t t t
= + = = rad
Vy 150cos 100
20
AB
u t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(V)
Bi 4:S mch in c dng nh hnh v, in tr R = 40O,
cun thun cm
3
10
L
t
= H, t in
3
10
7
C
t

= F. in p
120cos100
AF
u t t = (V). Hy lp biu thc ca:
a. Cng dng in qua mch.
b. in p hai u mch AB.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng:
3
100 . 30
10
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O
Dung khng:
3
1 1
70
10
100 .
7
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
Tng tr ca on mch AF:
2 2 2 2
40 30 50
AF L
Z R Z = + = + = O

120
2, 4
50
oAF
o
AF
U
I
Z
= = = A
Gc lch pha
AF
:
30 37
tan 0, 75
40 180
L
AF AF
Z
R
t
= = = ~ rad
Ta c:
37
0
180
i uAF AF AF AF
t
= = = = rad
Vy
37
2, 4cos 100
180
i t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(A)
b. Tng tr ca ton mch: ( )
2
2
40 30 70 40 2 Z = + = O
2, 4.40 2 96 2
o o
U I Z = = = V
Ta c:
30 70
tan 1
40 4
L C
AB AB
Z Z
R
t


= = = = rad

37 41
4 180 90
u AB i
t t t
= + = = rad
Vy
41
96 2 cos 100
90
u t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(V)
Bi 5: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, R = 100O, L l t cm ca cun dy thun
cm,
4
10
3
C
t

= F, R
A
~0. in p
50 2cos100
AB
u t t = (V). Khi K ng hay khi K m, s
ch ca ampe k khng i.
a. Tnh t cm L ca cun dy v s ch khng i ca ampe k.
b. Lp biu thc ca cng dng in tc thi trong mch khi K ng v khi K m.
Hng dn:
a. Theo bi, in p v s ch ampe k khng i khi K ng hay khi K m nn tng
tr Z khi K m v khi K ng bng nhau
( )
2
2 2 2
m d L C C
Z Z R Z Z R Z = + = +
( )
2
2
L C C
Z Z Z =

2
0
L C C L C
L C C L
Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z Z
= =

= =

(Loi
)
Ta c:
4
1 1
173
10
100 .
3
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
2 2.173 346
L C
Z Z = = = O

346
1,1
100
L
Z
L
e t
= = ~ H
S ch ampe k bng cng dng in hiu dng khi K ng:

2 2 2 2
50
0, 25
100 173
A d
d
C
U U
I I
Z
R Z
= = = =
+ +
A
b. Biu thc cng dng in:
- Khi K ng:
lch pha :
173
tan 3
100
C
d
Z
R

= = =
3
d
t
= rad
Pha ban u ca dng in:
3
d
i u d d
t
= = =
Vy 0, 25 2 cos 100
3
d
i t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(A).
- Khi K m:
lch pha:
346 173
tan 3
100
L C
m
Z Z
R

= = =
3
m
t
=
Pha ban u ca dng in:
3
m
i u m m
t
= = =
Vy 0, 25 2 cos 100
3
m
i t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(A).
Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh v :
U
AN
=150V ,U
MB
=200V. lch pha U
AM
v U
MB
l t / 2
N

L
R

C


A
B

M


Dng in tc thi trong mch l : i=I
0
cos 100tt (A) , cun dy thun cm.Hy vit biu thc
U
AB

Hng dn:
Ta c : V U U U U U U
C AN C AN
150
2
R
2
R
= + = + = (1)
V U U U U U U
L MB L MB
200
2
R
2
R
= + = + = (2)
V U
AN
v U
MB
lch pha nhau t / 2 nn 1
.
.
1 .
R R
2 1
= =
U U
U U
tg tg
C L
hay U
2
R
= U
L
.U
C
(3)
T (1),(2),(3) ta c U
L
=160V , U
C
= 90V , V U 120
R
=
V U U U U
C L AB
139 ) (
2 2
R
= + =
s rad
U
U U
tg
C L
/ 53 , 0
12
7
R
= =

=
vy u
AB
= 139\2 cos(100tt +0,53) V

Bi 7: Cho mch in khng phn nhnh gm R = 100\3 O, cun dy thun cm L v t in C
=10
-4
/2t (F). t vo 2 u mch in mt hiu in th
u = 100\2cos 100t t. Bit hiu in th U
LC
= 50V ,dng in nhanh pha hn hiu in th.Hy
tnh L v vit biu thc cng dng in i trong mch
Hng dn:
Ta c e= 100t rad/s ,U = 100V, O = = 200
1
C
Z
C
e

Hiu in th 2 u in tr thun l: V U U U
LC
3 50
2 2
R
= =
cng dng in A
U
I 5 , 0
R
R
= = v O = = 100
I
U
Z
LC
LC

V dng in nhanh pha hn hiu in th,m trn gin Frexnen,dng in c bi din
trn trc honh vy hiu in th c biu din di trc honh ngha l Z
L
< Z
C
. Do
Z
C
-Z
L
=100OZ
L
=Z
C
-100 =100O suy ra H
Z
L
L
318 , 0 = =
e

lch pha gia u v i :
6
3
1 t
=

=
R
Z Z
tg
C L

vy 0, 5 2 os(100 )( )
6
i c t A
t
t = +
Dng 3: Bi ton bin lun.
Bi 1:(Bin lun theo R). Cho mch in RLC ni tip c L,C khng i mc vo ngun in
xoay chiu c U v e khng i, R bin thin, khi in tr nhn cc gi tr R
1
v R
2
th gc lch
gia in p ton mch v dng in trong mch l
1
,
2
ng thi cng sut tiu th trong
mch ln lt l l P
1
v P
2

a. Chng minh rng: P
1
= P
2
R
1
.R
2
= (Z
L
Z
C
)
2
: ,
1
, +,
2
, = t/2
b. Tm R P t gi tr cc i tnh gi tr cc i . Tnh cos v I
Hng dn:
a. Ta c P = I
2
R =
R
Z Z
R
U
R
Z Z R
U
Z
U
C L C L
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
) ( ) (
cos

+
=
+
= (*)
Khi P
1
= P
2
ta c
1
2
1
2
) (
R
Z Z
R
U
C L

+
=
2
2
2
2
) (
R
Z Z
R
U
C L

+


1
2
1
) (
R
Z Z
R
C L

+ =
2
2
2
) (
R
Z Z
R
C L

+ R
1
R
2
=
2
2
) (
R
Z Z
C L

-
1
2
) (
R
Z Z
C L


R
1
R
2
= (Z
L
Z
C
)
2
(
1
1
2
1
R R
) R
1
.R
2
= (Z
L
Z
C
)
2
(1)
,Z
L
Z
C
,/R
1
= R
2
/ ,Z
L
Z
C
, ,tan
1
, = 1/,tan
2
, ,
1
, +,
2
, = t/2 (2)
b. T (*) ta c P max khi
R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
+ min
M theo BT Csi ta c:
R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
+ > 2 ,Z
L
Z
C
,
Du bng xy ra khi R =
R
Z Z
C L
2
) (
R = ,Z
L
Z
C
, (3)
Khi P
max
= U
2
/2R = U
2
/2,Z
L
Z
C
, (4)
V Cos R/ Z
AB
= 1/\2, I = U/R \2
Bi 2: Cho mch in RLC ni tip bit L = 2/t (H) C = 125.10
-6
/t F , R bin thin: u
AB

=
150cos(100tt).
a. Khi P = 90W Tnh R
b. Tm R cng sut tiu th c gi tr cc i , tnh gi tr cc i
Hng dn:
a.Ta c: L Z
L
. e = = 200O ,
C
Z
C
.
1
=
= = 80O
Mt khc P = I
2
R =
R
Z Z
R
U
R
Z Z R
U
Z
U
C L C L
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
) ( ) (
cos

+
=
+
=

R
R
2
2
) 80 200 (
150

+
= 90
R
R
2
120
+ = 250 R = 160 O hoc 90O
Kt lun Vi R = 160 O hoc 90O cng sut tiu th trn mch bng 90W
b. p dng (3) v (4) ta c Pmax khi R =120O v P
max
= 93,75W
Bi 3. Cho mch in RLC ni tip, bit Z
L
Z
C
= 60O U = 120V e khng i R bin thin
a. Tnh P
max
(s: 120W)
b. Khi R nhn 2 gi tr gp 9/16 ln nhau th cng sut mch nh nhau. Tnh cc gi tr
(s: 45 & 80O )
Bi 4, Cho mch in RLC ni tip, bit U = 120V L = 0,2/t H, C e khng i R bin thin
a. Khi R nhn 2 gi tr 18O v 32O th mch cng cng sut tiu th. Tnh Z
C

b. Tm R P t gi tr cc i (s: a. 44O , b. 24O )

Bi 5( Cng hng) Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
Bit R = 50O,
1
L
t
= H. t vo hai u on mch mt
in p xoay chiu 220 2 cos100 u t t = (V). Bit t in C c th thay i c.
a. nh C in p ng pha vi cng dng in.
b. Vit biu thc dng in qua mch.
Bi gii:
a. u v i ng pha: 0 = th trong mch xy ra hin tng cng hng in.
Z
L
= Z
C

1
L
C
e
e
=

( )
4
2
2
1 1 10
1
100 .
C
L e t
t
t

= = = F
b. Do trong mch xy ra cng hng in nn Z
min
= R

min
220 2
4, 4 2
50
o o
o
U U
I
Z R
= = = = (A)
Pha ban u ca dng in: 0 0 0
i u
= = =
Vy 4, 4 2cos100 i t t = (A).

Bi 6: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit R =
200O,
2
L
t
= H,
4
10
C
t

= F. t vo hai u mch in
mt hiu in th xoay chiu 100cos100 u t t = (V).
a. Tnh s ch ca ampe k.
b. Khi R, L, C khng i s ch ca ampe k ln nht, th tn s dng in phi bng bao
nhiu? Tnh s ch ampe k lc . (Bit rng dy ni v dng c o khng lm nh hng n
mch in).
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng:
2
100 . 200
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O
Dung khng:
4
1 1
100
10
100 .
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
Tng tr ca mch:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
200 200 100 100 5
L C
Z R Z Z = + = + = O
Ta c :
100 1
100 5 5
o
o
U
I
Z
= = = (A)
S ch ca ampe k :
1
0, 32
2 5. 2
o
A
I
I I = = = = (A)
b. Ta c:
( )
2
2
L C
U
I
R Z Z
=
+

s ch ca ampe k cc i I
Amax
th Z
min
0
L C
Z Z =

L C
Z Z = (cng hng in)

1
2 .
2 .
f L
f C
t
t
=

4
1 1
35, 35
2
2 10
2 .
f
LC t
t
t t

= = = Hz
S ch ampe k cc i: I
Amax
=
max
min
100
0,35
2.200
U U
I
Z R
= = = = (A)
Bi 7:Trong mt on mch xoay chiu RLC ni tip, h s t cm ca cun dy l L = 0,1H ; t
in c in dung C = 1F, tn s dng in l f = 50Hz.
a. Hi dng in trong on mch sm pha hay tr pha so vi in p hai u on mch ?
b. Cn phi thay t in ni trn bi mt t in c in dung C bng bao nhiu trn on
mch xy ra hin tng cng hng in?
Bi 18:Cho mch in xoay chiu c
120 2 cos100
AB
u t t = (V) n nh. in tr R =
24O, cun thun cm
1
5
L
t
= H, t in
2
1
10
2
C
t

= F,
vn k c in tr rt ln.
a. Tm tng tr ca mch v s ch ca vn k.
b. Ghp thm vi t in C
1
mt t in c in dung C
2
sao cho vn k c s ch ln nht. Hy
cho bit cch ghp v tnh C
2
. Tm s ch ca vn k lc .
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng :
1
100 . 20
5
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O
Dung khng :
1
2
1
1 1
2
10
100 .
2
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
Tng tr mch: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
24 20 2 30
L C
Z R Z Z = + = + = O
S ch ca vn k:
120
. .20 80
30
AB
V L L L
U
U U IZ Z
Z
= = = = = V.
b. Ta c:
V L L
U U IZ = =
Z
L
l hng s, U
Vmax
th I
max
Z
Ct
= Z
L
= 20O >
1
C
Z
phi ghp t in C
2
ni tip vi t in C
1


1 2
C C C
Z Z Z = +
2 1
20 2 18
C C C
Z Z Z = = = O
in dung
2
2
2
1 1 10
100 .18 18
C
C
Z e t t

= = = F
S ch ca vn k lc ny l:

max max max
120.20
. 100
24
AB
V L L L
U
U U I Z Z
R
= = = = = V
Bi 9:Mch in nh hnh. in p hai u A v B n nh c biu thc
100 2 cos100 u t t = (V). Cun cm c t cm
2,5
L
t
= , in tr thun R
o
= R = 100O, t in c in
dung C
o
. Ngi ta o c h s cng sut ca mch in l cos 0,8 = .
a. Bit in p u sm pha hn dng in i trong mch. Xc nh C
o
.
b. cng sut tiu th t cc i, ngi ta mc thm mt t in c in dung C
1
vi t in
C
o
c b t in c in dung C thch hp. Xc nh cch mc v gi tr ca C
1
.
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng:
2, 5
100 . 250
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O
Theo bi: cos 0,8 =

( ) ( )
2
2
0,8
o
o
o L C
R R
R R Z Z
+
=
+ +

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
0,64
o
o o L C
R R R R Z Z
(
+ = + +
(


( )
( )
2
2
0,36 0, 64
o
o L C
R R Z Z + =

( ) 0, 75
o
L C o
Z Z R R = +
V in p u sm pha hn dng in i nn Z
L
> Z
Co

( ) 0,75
o
L C o
Z Z R R = +
( ) ( ) 0, 75 250 0, 75 100 100 100
o
C L o
Z Z R R = + = + = O

4
1 1 10
100 .100
o
o
C
C
Z e t t

= = = (F)
b. V P = I
2
(R+R
o
) nn P
max
th I
max

L C
Z Z = ( cng hng in)
250
C L
Z Z = = O , Z
Co
= 100O
Ta c Z
C
> Z
Co
C < C
o
C
1
mc ni tip vi C
o


1
1 1 1
o
C C C
= +

1 o
C C C
Z Z Z = +
1
250 100 150
o
C C C
Z Z Z = = = O

1
3
1
1 1 10
100 .150 15
C
C
Z e t t

= = = (F)
Dng 4: XC NH CC I LNG IN KHI BIT HAI ON
MCH C IN P CNG PHA, VUNG PHA.
Bi 1: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh.
R
1
= 4O,
2
1
10
8
C F
t

= , R
2
= 100O ,
1
L
t
= H ,
50 f = O. Tm in dung C
2
, bit rng in p u
AE

v u
EB
ng pha.
Bi gii:

AE
u i AE
= ;
EB
EB u i
=
V u
AE
v u
EB
ng pha nn
AE EB
u u
=
AE EB
=
tan tan
AE EB
=

1 2
1 2
C L C
Z Z Z
R R

=
2 1
2
1
C L C
R
Z Z Z
R
= +

2
100
100 8 300
4
C
Z = + = O

2
4
2
1 1 10
2 . 2 50.300 3
C
C
f Z t t t

= = = (F)
Bi 2:Cho mch in nh hnh v. U
AN
= 150V, U
MB
=
200V, u
AN
v u
MB
vung pha vi nhau, cng dng in
tc thi trong mch c biu thc cos100
o
i I t t = (A). Bit
cun dy l thun cm. Hy vit biu thc u
AB
.
Bi gii:
Ta c:
2 2
150
AN R C
U U U = + = V (1)

2 2
200
MB R L
U U U = + = V (2)
V u
AN
v u
MB
vung pha nhau nn:

2 2
MB AN MB AN
t t
= = + (Vi 0
MB
> , 0
AN
< )
tan tan cot
2
MB AN AN
t

| |
= + =
|
\ .

1
tan tan .tan 1
tan
MB MB AN
AN

= =
2
. 1 .
L C
R L C
R R
U U
U U U
U U
= = (3)
T (1), (2) v (3), ta suy ra :
U
L
= 160V
,
U
C
= 90V, U
R
= 120V
Ta c : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
120 160 90 139
AB R L C
U U U U = + = + = V
160 90 7
tan 0,53
120 12
L C
R
U U
U


= = = = rad
Vy ( ) 139 2 cos 100 0, 53
AB
u t t = + (V)
Bi 3: Hai cun dy (R
1
, L
1
) v (R
2
, L
2
) mc ni tip vo mng xoay chiu. Tm mi lin h gia
R
1
, L
1
, R
2
, L
2
tng tr on mch Z = Z
1
+ Z
2
vi Z
1
v Z
2
l tng tr ca mi cun dy.
Bi gii:
Ta c: Z = Z
1
+ Z
2
I
o
Z = IZ
1
+ I
o
Z
2

U
o
= U
o1
+ U
o2

c th cng bin in p, cc thnh phn u
1
v u
2
phi ng pha.
V ( )
1 o1 1
cos u U t e = + (V)
( )
2 o2 2
cos u U t e = + (V)
( )
1 2
cos
o
u u u U t e = + = +
M U
o
= U
o1
+ U
o2

1 2
= =

1 2
tan tan =
1 2
1 2
L L
Z Z
R R
=
1 2
1 2
L L
R R
e e
=

1 1
2 2
L R
L R
=
Bi 4: Cho vo mch in hnh bn mt dng in xoay
chiu c cng cos100
o
i I t t = (A). Khi u
MB
v u
AN

vung pha nhau, v 100 2 cos 100
3
MB
u t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(V).
Hy vit biu thc u
AN
v tm h s cng sut ca mch MN.
Bi gii:
Do pha ban u ca i bng 0 nn 0
3 3
MB
MB u i
t t
= = = rad
Da vo gin vec-t, ta c cc gi tr hiu dng ca U
L
, U
R
, U
C
l:
U
R
= U
MB
cos
MB
100cos 50
3
t
= (V)
tan 50tan 50 3
3
L R MB
U U
t
= = = (V)
V u
MB
v u
AN
vung pha nhau nn
2 6
MB AN AN
t t
= = rad
tan .tan 1
MB AN
=
. 1
L C
R R
U U
U U

=
2 2
50 50
50 3 3
R
C
L
U
U
U
= = = (V)

O
L
U

MB
U

MN
U

R
U

AN
U

C
U

MB

MN

Ta c:
50 100 2
100
cos 3 3
cos
6
R
AN oAN
AN
U
U U
t

= = = =
| |

|
\ .
(V)
Vy biu thc
2
100 cos 100
3 6
AN
u t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(V).
H s cng sut ton mch:

( )
2 2
2
2
50 3
cos
7
50
50 50 3
3
R R
R L C
R U U
Z U
U U U
= = = = =
+ | |
+
|
\ .

Dng 5: CNG SUT CA ON MCH R, L, C MC NI TIP
Bi 1in p hai u mt on mch l 120 2 cos 100
4
u t
t
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(V), v cng dng
in qua mch l 3 2 cos 100
12
i t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(A). Tnh cng sut on mch.
Bi gii:
Ta c :
120 2
120
2 2
o
U
U = = = (V)

2
o
I
I =
3 2
3
2
= = (A)
lch pha:
4 12 3
u i
t t t
= = = rad
Vy cng sut ca on mch l:
cos 120.3.cos 180
3
P UI
t

| |
= = =
|
\ .
(W).
Bi 2Cho mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy thun cm, c L
= 0,159H. T in c in dung
4
10
C
t

= F. in tr R =
50O. in p hai u on mch c biu thc
100 2 cos 2
AB
u ft t = (V). Tn s dng in thay i. Tm f cng sut ca mch t cc
i v tnh gi tr cc i .
Bi gii:
Cng sut ca mch:
2
2
cos
U
P UI R
Z
= =
V U khng i, R khng i nn P
max
khi Z
min

Ta c ( )
2
2
L C
Z R Z Z = + , nn Z
min
khi Z
L
= Z
C
, tc l trong mch c cng
hng in:
2
1 LC e =
2 2
4 1 f LC t =
Tn s
4
1 1
70, 7
2
10
2 0,519.
f
LC t
t
t

= = = (Hz).
Cng sut cc i ca mch:

2 2 2 2
max 2 2
min
100
200
50
U U U
P R R
Z R R
= = = = = (W).
Bi 3Cho mch nh trn hnh v ca bi 2. T in c in dung
4
10
C
t

= F. in tr R =
100O. in p hai u on mch c biu thc 2 cos100 u U t t = (V). Cun dy c t
cm L thay i. iu chnh L = L
o
th cng sut ca mch cc i v bng 484W.
a. Hy tnh L
o
v U.
b. Vit biu thc cng dng in trong mch.
Bi gii:
a. Ta c:
2
o
I
I = , cos
R
Z
=
Suy ra cng sut ca mch:
2
2
cos
U
P UI R
Z
= =
V U khng i, R khng i nn P
max
khi Z
min

Ta c ( )
2
2
L C
Z R Z Z = + , nn Z
min
khi Z
L
= Z
C
, tc l trong mch c cng hng in:
2
1
o
L C e =
( )
4 2
2
1 1 1
10
100 .
o
L
C e t
t
t

= = = (H)
Cng sut cc i ca mch:
2
max
U
P
R
=

max
. 484.100 220 U P R = = = (V)
b. V xy ra hin tng cng hng in nn i v u ng pha
i
= 0
Ta c:
220 2
3,11
100
o
o
U
I
R
= = = (A)
Vy biu thc 3,11cos100 i t t = (A).
Bi 4:Cho mch in xoay chiu ni tip R, L, C. Cun dy c
1
L
t
= H, t in c in dung C
thay i c. in p gia hai u on mch 200cos100 u t t = (V). Bit rng khi C =
0,159.10
-4
F th cng dng in i trong mch nhanh pha hn in p u gia hai u on
mch mt gc
4
t
.
a. Tm biu thc gi tr tc thi ca i.
b. Tm cng sut P trong mch. Khi cho in dung C tng dn th cng sut P thay i th no?
Bi gii:
a. Ta c:
1
100 . 100
L
Z L e t
t
= = = (O)

4
1 1
200
100 .0,159.10
C
Z
C e t

= = ~ (V)
V u nhanh pha hn i mt gc
4
t
nn
4
i
t
=
0
4 4
u i
t t
= = = rad
tan tan
4
L C
Z Z
R
t

| |
= =
|
\ .

C L
R Z Z =
200 100 100 R = = O
Tng tr: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
100 100 200 100 2
L C
Z R Z Z = + = + = O

200
2
100 2
o
o
U
I
Z
= = = (A)
Vy biu thc 2 cos 100
4
i t
t
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
(A)
b. Cng sut P = RI
2
= 100.1
2
= 100W

2 2
2
2 2
2
.
1
L
U U R
P RI R
Z
R Z
C e
= = =
| |
+
|
\ .

o hm P theo C:
2
2
2
2
2
2 1
.
'
1
L
L
RU Z
C C
P
R Z
C
e e
e
| |

|
\ .
=
(
| |
+
(
|
\ .
(



2
'
2
2 1
0 0
L
RU
P Z
C C e e
| |
= =
|
\ .


( )
4
2
2
1 1
0, 318.10
1
.
100
C
L e
t
t

= = = F

2
max
200
U
P
R
= = W
Bng bin thin:



th P theo C:



Vy: khi C tng t 0 0,318.10
-4
F th P tng t 0 200W.
Khi C tng t 0,318.10
-4
F th P gim t 200W 100W.
Bi 5:Cho mch in nh hnh. in p
80cos100
AB
u t t = (V), r = 15O,
1
5
L
t
= H.
a. iu chnh gi tr ca bin tr sao cho dng
in hiu dng trong mch l 2A. Tnh gi tr ca bin tr v in p hiu dng gia hai
u cun dy.
b. iu chnh bin tr R:
- Tnh R cho cng sut tiu th trn mch cc i. Tnh P
max
.
- Tnh R cho cng sut tiu th trn R cc i. Tnh P
Rmax
.
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng:
1
100 . 20
5
L
Z L e t
t
= = = O

80
2 2
o
U
U = = (V)
Tng tr
80
20 2
2 2
U
Z
I
= = = O
( )
2
2
20 2
L
R r Z + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
15 20 20 2 15 20 R R + + = + =
20 15 5 R = = O
in p hiu dng hai u cun dy:
U
cun dy
= I.Z
cun dy
2 2 2 2
2 15 20 50
L
I r Z = + = + = (V)
b. - Cng sut tiu th trn ton mch:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
L
L
U R r U
P I R r
Z
R r Z
R r
R r
+
= + = =
+ +
+ +
+

P
max
khi ( )
2
L
Z
R r
R r
(
+ +
(
+

min
p dng bt ng thc C-si vi hai s khng m:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
L L
Z Z
R r R r
R r R r
+ + > +
+ +
(hng s)
Nn ( )
2
L
Z
R r
R r
(
+ +
(
+

min (du = xy ra) khi
2
L
Z
R r
R r
+ =
+

20 15 5
L L
R r Z R Z r + = = = = O

( ) ( )
2 2
max
80
80
2 2.2. 5 15
U
P
R r
= = =
+ +
W
- Cng sut tiu th trn R:
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
. .
2
2
R
L L
L
U R U R U
P I R
r Z R Rr r Z
R r Z
R r
R
= = = =
+ + + +
+ +
+ +

P
Rmax
khi
2 2
L
r Z
R
r
( +
+
(

min
Tng t, p dng bt ng thc C-si vi hai s khng m:

2 2
L
r Z
R
R
+
=
2 2 2 2
15 20 25
L
R r Z = + = + = O

( )
max
2 2
80
40
2 2.2.(25 15)
R
U
P
R r
= = =
+ +
W
Dng 6: XC NH GI TR CC I CA IN P HIU DNG
KHI THAY I L, HOC C, HOC f.
6.1. Phng php gii chung:
Tm L U
Lmax
:
Phng php dng cng c o hm:
Lp biu thc di dng
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
L
L L
L C
C C
L L
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = =
+
+ +

U
Lmax
th y
min
.
Dng cng c o hm kho st trc tip hm s:

( )
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C C
L L
y R Z Z
Z Z
= + +
Phng php dng tam thc bc hai:
Lp biu thc di dng

( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
L
L L
L C
C C
L L
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = =
+
+ +

t
( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 1
C C
L L
y R Z Z ax bx
Z Z
= + + = + +
Vi
1
L
x
Z
= ,
2 2
C
a R Z = + , 2
C
b Z =

( )
2 2 2 2
4 4 4
C C
Z R Z R A = + =
U
Lmax
khi y
min
. Tam thc bc hai y t cc tiu khi
2
b
x
a
= (v a > 0) hay
2 2
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+
= ,
2
min 2 2
4
C
R
y
a R Z
A
= =
+
.

max
min
L
U
U
y
=
2 2
max
C
L
U R Z
U
R
+
=
Phng php gin Fre-nen:

T gin Fre-nen, ta c:
R L C
U U U U = + +


t
1 R C
U U U = +

, vi
2 2
1 1 C
U IZ I R Z = = + .
p dng nh l hm s sin, ta c:

sin
sin sin sin
L
L
U U U
U
|
| o o
= =
I

C
U

L
U

R
U

1
U

|
o

V U khng i v
2 2
1
sin
R
C
U R
const
U
R Z
o = = =
+
nn U
L
= U
Lmax
khi
sin | t cc i hay sin | = 1.
Khi
2 2
max
C
L
U R Z
U
R
+
=
Khi sin | = 1
2
t
| = , ta c:

2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1
cos
C C C
L
L L C C
U U Z Z Z R Z
Z
U U Z Z Z Z
o
+
= = = = =
Ch : Nu tm in p cc i hai u cun dy c in tr thun r th lp biu
thc
d
U
U
y
= v dng o hm, lp bng bin thin tm y
min
, U
dmax
v gi tr
ca L.
Tm C U
Cmax
:
Lp biu thc di dng:

( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C
C C
L C
L L
C C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = =
+
+ +

Tng t nh trn, dng ba phng php: o hm, tam thc bc hai, v gin
Fre-nen gii.
Ta c kt qu:
2 2
max
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+
= v
2 2
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+
=
Ch : Nu tm in p cc i hai u on mch nh gm R ni tip C th lp
biu thc
RC
U
U
y
= v dng o hm, lp bng bin thin tm y
min
.
Xc nh gi tr cc i U
Lmax
, v U
Cmax
khi tn s f thay i:
Lp biu thc:
2
2
2
2 2 4 2 2
1 1 1
1
. 2 1
L
L L
UZ U U
U IZ
y
L
R
R L
L C C L
C
e
e e
e
= = = =
| |
| |
+ +
+ |
|
\ .
\ .

t
2 2
1
a
L C
= ,
2
2
2 1 L
b R
C L
| |
=
|
\ .
, 1 c = ,
2
1
x
e
=
2
y ax bx c = + +
Lp biu thc:
2
2 2 4 2 2 2
2
2
1
1
C C
U U U
U IZ
y
L
L C C R
C R L
C
C
e e
e e
e
= = = =
| |
| |
+ +
+ |
|
\ .
\ .

t
2 2
a L C = ,
2 2
2L
b C R
C
| |
=
|
\ .
, 1 c = ,
2
x e =
2
y ax bx c = + +
Dng tam thc bc hai ca n ph x tm gi tr cc tiu ca y, cui cng c
chung kt qu:

max max
2 2
2
4
L C
LU
U U
R LC R C
= =

2
1 2
2
oL
L
C
R
C
e =

,
2
2
1
2
oC
L
R
C
L
e

= (vi iu kin
2
2
L
R
C
> )
Cc trng hp linh hot s dng cc cng thc hoc v gin Fre-nen gii
ton.
6.2. Bi tp v xc nh gi tr cc i U
max
khi thay i L, hoc C, hoc f.
Bi 1Cho mch in nh hnh v. in p gia hai u AB n
nh c biu thc 200cos100 u t t = (V). Cun dy thun
cm khng c t cm L thay i c, in tr R = 100O,
t in c in dung
4
10
C
t

= (F). Xc nh L sao cho in p

o c gia hai im M v B t gi tr cc i, tnh h s cng sut ca mch in khi .
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Phng php o hm
Dung khng:
4
1 1
100
10
100 .
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
AB L AB AB
MB L
L C
C C
L L
U Z U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = =
+
+ +

t
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 2 . 1
C C C C
L L
y R Z Z R Z x Z x
Z Z
= + + = + + (vi
1
L
x
Z
= )
U
MBmax
khi y
min
.
Kho st hm s y:
Ta c:
( )
2 2
' 2 2
C C
y R Z x Z = +

( )
2 2
2 2
' 0 2 2 0
C
C C
C
Z
y R Z x Z x
R Z
= + = =
+

Bng bin thin:

y
min
khi
2 2
C
C
Z
x
R Z
=
+
hay
2 2
1
C
L C
Z
Z R Z
=
+


2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+ +
= = = O

200 2
100
L
Z
L
e t t
= = = H
H s cng sut:

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
100 2
cos
2
100 200 100
L C
R
R Z Z
= = =
+ +

Cch 2: Phng php dng tam thc bc hai
Dung khng:
4
1 1
100
10
100 .
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
AB L AB AB
MB L
L C
C C
L L
U Z U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = =
+
+ +

t
( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 1
C C
L L
y R Z Z ax bx
Z Z
= + + = + +
Vi
1
L
x
Z
= ;
2 2
C
a R Z = + ; 2
C
b Z =
U
MBmax
khi y
min

V
2 2
C
a R Z = + > 0 nn tam thc bc hai t cc tiu khi
2
b
x
a
=
hay
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
2
C C
L C C
Z Z
Z R Z R Z

= =
+ +


2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+ +
= = = O

200 2
100
L
Z
L
e t t
= = = H
H s cng sut:

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
100 2
cos
2
100 200 100
L C
R
R Z Z
= = =
+ +




Cch 3: Phng php dng gin Fre-nen.
Dung khng:
4
1 1
100
10
100 .
C
Z
C e
t
t

= = = O

R C L
U U U U = + +


t
1 R C
U U U = +


Ta c:
1
100
tan 1
100
C C C
R
U IZ Z
U IR R
= = = = =

1
4
t
= rad
V
1
2
t
o + =
1
2
t
o =

2 4 4
t t t
o = = rad
Xt tam gic OPQ v t
1
| = + .
Theo nh l hm s sin, ta c:
sin sin
L
U U
o |
= sin
sin
L
U
U |
o
=
V U v sino khng i nn U
Lmax
khi sin| cc i hay sin| = 1
2
t
| =
V
1
| = +
1
2 4 4
t t t
| = = = rad.
H s cng sut:
2
cos cos
4 2
t
= =
I

C
U

L
U

R
U

1
U

o
1

O
P
Q
Mt khc, ta c: tan 1
L C
Z Z
R

= = 100 100 200
L C
Z Z R = + = + = O

200 2
100
L
Z
L
e t t
= = = H

Bi 2 Mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy thun cm c t cm
L = 0,318H, R = 100O, t C l t xoay. in p t vo hai u
on mch c biu thc 200 2 cos100 u t t = (V).
a. Tm C in p gia hai u bn t t gi tr cc i, tnh gi tr cc i .
b. Tm C in p hai u MB t cc i, tnh gi tr cc i .
Bi gii:
a. Tnh C U
Cmax
.
Cm khng : 100 .0,318 100
L
Z L e t = = = O
Cch 1: Phng php o hm:
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C
C C
L C
L L
C C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = = =
+
+ +

t
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 2 . 1
L L L L
C C
y R Z Z R Z x x Z
Z Z
= + + = + + (vi
1
C
x
Z
= )
U
Cmax
khi y
min
.
Kho st hm s:
( )
2 2 2
2 . 1
L L
y R Z x x Z = + +

( )
2 2
' 2 2
L L
y R Z x Z = +
' 0 y =
( )
2 2
2 2 0
L L
R Z x Z + =
2 2
L
L
Z
x
R Z
=
+

Bng bin thin:





2 2
L
L
Z
x
R Z
=
+
y
min
khi
hay
2 2
1
L
C L
Z
Z R Z
=
+


2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+ +
= = = O

5
1 1 5.10
100 .200
C
C
Z e t t

= = = F

2 2 2 2
max
200 100 100
200 2
100
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+ +
= = = (V)
Cch 2: Phng php dng tam thc bc hai.
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C
C C
L C
L L
C C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z
= = = =
+
+ +

t
( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 1
L L
C C
y R Z Z ax bx
Z Z
= + + = + +
(vi
1
C
x
Z
= ;
2 2
L
a R Z = + ; 2
L
b Z = )
U
Cmax
khi y
min
. V hm s y c h s gc a > 0, nn y t cc tiu khi

2
b
x
a
= hay
2 2
1
L
C L
Z
Z R Z
=
+


2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+ +
= = = O

4
1 1 10
100 .200 2
C
C
Z e t t

= = = (F).
2 2 2 2
max
200 100 100
200 2
100
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+ +
= = =
V
Cch 3: Phng php dng gin Fre-nen.
Ta c:
L R C
U U U U = + +


p dng nh l hm s sin, ta c:

sin sin
C
U U
o |
= sin
sin
C
U
U |
o
=

V U v
2 2
1
sin
R
L
U R
U
R Z
o = =
+
khng i nn U
Cmax
khi sin| cc
i hay sin| = 1.
Khi sin 1
2
t
| | = =
I

C
U

1
U

L
U

R
U

|
o
O
P
Q
1 1
1 1
cos
L L
C C
U U Z Z
U U Z Z
o = = =
2 2 2 2 2
1
100 100
200
100
L
C
L L
Z R Z
Z
Z Z
+ +
= = = = O
5
1 1 5.10
100 .200
C
C
Z e t t

= = = F

2 2 2 2
max
200 100 100
200 2
100
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+ +
= = = (V)
b. Tm C U
Mbmax
. U
MBmax
= ?
Lp biu thc:
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
1
MB
MB MB
L L C C L L C
C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
R Z
= = = =
+ +
+
+

t
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1
L L C L L
C
Z Z Z Z Z x
y
R Z R x

= + = +
+ +
(vi x = Z
C
)
U
MBmax
khi y
min
.
Kho st hm s y:
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2 .
'
L L
Z x x Z R
y
R x

=
+


2 2
' 0 0
L
y x xZ R = = (*)
Gii phng trnh (*)
2 2
4
2
L L
C
Z Z R
x Z
+ +
= = (x ly gi tr dng).

( )
2 2 2
100 100 4.100
50 1 5 162
2
C
Z
+ +
= = + = O
Lp bng bin thin:

in dung
4
1 1
0,197.10
100 .162
C
C
Z e t

= = = F
Thay
2 2
4
2
L L
C
Z Z R
x Z
+ +
= = vo biu thc y
( )
2 2
min 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 4
4 2 2 4
4 L L L
L L
R R
y
R Z Z Z R
Z R Z
= =
+ + +
+ +

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
max
min
4 200 100 100 4.100
324
2 2.100
L L
MB
U Z Z R
U
U
R y
+ + + +
= = = = (V)
Bi 3Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. t vo hai u on
mch AB mt in p 100 3cos
AB
u t e = (V) (e thay i c).
Khi
1
e e = th U
R
= 100V ; 50 2
C
U = V ; P = 50 6 W. Cho
1
L
t
= H v U
L
> U
C
. Tnh U
L
v chng t l gi tr cc i ca U
L
.
Bi gii:
Ta c: ( )
2
2 2
R L C
U U U U = +
Thay cc gi tr ca U, U
R
, U
C
ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
50 6 100 50 2 100 2
L L
U U = + = (V)
Cng sut tiu th ton mch:
cos P UI UI = = (v 0 = )
50 6
1
50 6
P
I
U
= = = A

100
100
1
R
U
R
I
= = = O

100 2
100 2
1
L
L
U
Z
I
= = = O
1
100 2
100 2
1
L
Z
L
e t
t
= = = rad/s

50 2
50 2
1
C
C
U
Z
I
= = = O
4
1
1 1 10
100 2.50 2
C
C
Z e t t

= = = F
Ta c:

2
2
2
2 2 4 2 2
1 1
1
2 1
L L
U L U U
U IZ
y
L
R
R L
L C C L
C
e
e
e e
e
= = = =
| |
| |
+ +
+ |
|
\ .
\ .

t
2 2
2 2 4 2 2
1 1
2 1 1
L
y R ax bx
L C C L e e
| |
= + + = + +
|
\ .

Vi
2
1
x
e
= ;
2 2
1
a
L C
= ;
2
2
1
2
L
b R
C L
| |
=
|
\ .

U
Lmax
khi y
min
. Tam thc bc hai y t cc tiu khi
2
b
x
a
= (v a > 0).

2 4
4 3
1 4
4 b ac R
L L C
| |
A = =
|
\ .

( )
2
2 2
min 2
4
4 4
R
y LC R C
a L
A
= =
max
2 2 2
4 4
min
2
1
2.50 6.
2
4
1 10 10
100 4. . .100
L
U UL
U
y
R LC C R
t
t t t

= = =

| |

|
\ .

100 2 = (V)
Vy
max
100 2
L L
U U = = (V).

Su Tm v bin son chc cc bn thnh cng