2010416

1991
1995

1999
2007


1922:

Lewis Fry Richardson

18811953
Wikipedia


64,000


193040:


1950: ENIAC

ENIAC
Wikipedia

1955:

1959:

u(x, y)

d
BA

A
x

BA

AB
q

AB
q

q=

( y) dk

k:
x 0

q =

u
x

( y) dk

u
x

q=

( y) dk

u
x

t.


: t
y

q4

y+

:
Q

q1

q2

q3

x+


q1 =
q2 =
q3 =
q3 =

u
( y) dk
x
u
( y) dk
x
u
( y) dk
y
u
( y) dk
y

t
x

t
x+ x

t
y

t
y+ y

Q
Q=

q1

q2 +

= ( x)( y)d

u
k x x+

q3

q4

u
x x

k
+

u
y

y+ y

u
y

Q = c ( x)( y)d

u
t


k
u
c
=
t
x 0,

u
x x+ x

u
x x

u
y

k
+

y+ y

y 0

u
c
=
k
+
k
.
t
x
x
y
y

k:
u
c
=k
t

u u
+
x2
y 2

u
y

 u(x, y)

u
u
+
=
0
x2
y2

f(x, y)

u
u
+
x2
y2

=f

: g(x, y)

u(x, y)

2
2

u
u

k
+
=f
x2

y2

k = 1
f(x, y):

u(x, y) = g(x, y)
g(x, y):

x
y
m+1

(m = 3)

g14

g24

g34

g03

u13

u23

u33

g43

g02

u12

u22

u32

g42

g01

u11

u21

u31

g41

g10

g20

g30

h = 1/(m+1)

u
x i+1/2,j

u
x2

i,j

u
x i 1/2,j

1
u
x
u
x

i+1/2,j

i 1/2,j

ui+1,j ui,j
h
ui,j

ui
h

y
g14

g24

g34

g03

u13

u23

u33

g43

g02

u12

u22

u32

g42

g01

u11

u21

u31

g41

g10

g20

g30

1,j

u
x2

i,j

1
[u
i+1,j
2
h

2ui,j + ui

1,j ]

y
2

u
2
y

i,j

1
[u
i,j+1
2
h

2ui,j + ui,j

1]

 (i, j)

ui,j

ui

1,j

+ 4ui,j

ui+1,j

ui,j+1 = h fi,j
2

ui,j
1

1

1
Au = b
u = (u11 , u21 , u31 , u12 , u22 , u32 , u13 , u23 , u33 )
t

4
1

A=

1
4
1
1

1
4
1

1
4
1
1

1
1
4
1
1

1
1
4
1

1
4
1

1
1
4
1

1
4

h f11 + g10 + g01

h2 f21 + g20
2

h f31 + g30 + g41

2
h f12 + g02

2
.
h f22
b=

h2 f32 + g42
2

h f13 + g03 + g14

2
h f23 + g24
h2 f33 + g43 + g34
2

1
Au = b

u = t (u11 , u21 , u31 , u12 , u22 , u32 , u13 , u23 , u33 )

y
g14

g24

g34

g03

u13

u23

u33

g43

g02

u12

u22

u32

g42

g01

u11

u21

u31

g41

g10

g20

g30

y
2

u
u
+
=
0
x2
y2

g14

g24

g34

g03

u13

u23

u33

g43

g02

u12

u22

u32

g42

g01

u11

u21

u31

g41

g10

g20

g30

(High Performance Computing, HPC)

CP-PACS (19962005)

199611

Top 500
1
:

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200811Top
50032
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(Secure Socket Layer)

TWINS

https://twins.tsukuba.ac.jp/

: Wikipedia

Ultra

: Wikipedia

(Bob)

(Alice)

(Bob)

(Alice)

1976DieHellman

2
1
1

(Bob)

(Alice)

(Bob)

(Alice)

RSA
1977Rivest, Shamir, Adelman

3ACM

RSA

11

25 26 27

p, q, n
p, q:
n = p q
n
p = 3, q = 11,
n=3

11 = 33

L: p - 1 q - 1
(LCM)

L = LCM(2, 10) = 10

e: LL

L = 10 e = 3

d: e d 1 (mod 10)

e(=3) d 10
1

310
3 d = 10 b + 1
d, b

d = 7, b = 2

:
(n,
e)
=
(33,
3)

: (n, d) = (33, 7)

TSUKUBA

(33, 3)

: T 20
(n, e) e
n

: 20^3 = 8000

14 (mod 33)

: 14 N

33

20

8000

14

19

6859

28

(28)

21

9261

21

11

1331

11

21

9261

21

: N 14
(n, d) dn

: 14^7 = 105413504

20 (mod 33)

: 20 T

33

14

105413504

20

(28)

28

13492928512

19

21

1801088541

21

11

19487171

11

21

1801088541

21

2097152

TSUKUBA

N(28)UKUHA

TSUKUBA

M:
E:
M

E
M^e
(mod
n)

EMen

F: E
F E^d (mod n)
(M^e)^d (mod n)
M^(ed) (mod n)

FMedn

n, e, d
M

M^(ed) (mod n)

Medn
M

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