UMTS Channels: Logical channels DCCH CCCH DTCH CTCH BCCH PCCH

RAB: Service provided by AS to NAS, to facilitate transfer of User Plane information between UE and CN Radio Bearer: Service provided by L2 for the transfer of both UP and CP message between UE and UTRAN SRB: Service provided to transfer Control Information between UE and RNC Message sequence diagrams for: CS PS Handover Concepts: - Including Message Sequence Diagrams 1. Soft and Softer HOs [e1(a), e1(b), e1(c), e1(d), e1(f), e1(e)] 2. Hard HO 3. Inter RAT HOs Reasons for CM Methods of compressed mode [SF/2, Puncturing, Higher Layer Scheduling HLS] PROTOCOLS: Protocol stacks 1. 2. 3. 4. CS Signalling CS User plane PS Signalling PS User plane

RANAP: [25.413] Control plane protocol used between UTRAN and CN (MSC/SGSN) i.e. Iu interface. Resides both in RNC and CN 1. Transport of signalling information between UE and CN i.e. NAS signalling [DT- IDT, UL DT & DL DT messages] 2. Relocation [SRNC Relocation Required CN Relocation Request DRNC] 3. Paging 4. RAB Management (RAB setup and release/Release of Iu Resources) NBAP: [25.433] Signalling protocol used for message exchange between RNC and nodeB. Mainly used by RNC to control the NodeB. D-NBAP: Controls Radio links to specific UEs (identified by UE context IDs) 1. Manages RLs i.e. Setting & closing down links or reconfiguring them

2. Management of Radio measurements to facilitate SHOs and Relocations 3. Provides functionality needed for soft handovers and Save & Restore Network Configuration relocation. 4. Power control functions to allow RNC to adjust power level of NodeB on DL channels C-NBAP: Controls the overall functionality of NodeB. i.e. the signalling messages from RNC are used to control the nodeB itself. 1. Management/configuration of common transport channels e.g. FACH, PCH, PICH, RACH & PRACH 2. Configuration of cell (s) supported by NodeB 3. Configuration of System Information Broadcast by the cells of NodeB 4. Management of Radio measurements on the cells common channel RNSAP: [25.423] 3GPP protocol responsible for communication between RNCs. Its carried on the IuR interface, either ATM or IP It includes all functions of the NBAP protocol associated with links in dedicated mode (D-NBAP) See D-NBAP functions above:

RRC: [25.331] Air interface protocol which handles the control plane signalling of L3 between UE and UTRAN. It includes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Functions of Connection establishment and release Broadcast of system information RB establishment, reconfiguration and release RRC connection mobility procedures e.g. Location updates, HOs Paging notification and release OLPC - Open loop power control

Network Elements: - NSN Reference: RNC: [2 major functional areas] 1. RRM channel allocation, release, power control and HO control 2. Telecommunication management a. User Plane (UP) processing for CNs CS & PS domains b. Traffic channel allocation in Iub Interface c. Security functions e.g. integrity checking & ciphering d. Indication of blockage of channels between RNC & MSC Alarms to NetAct e. ATM switching and multiplexing f. ATM transmission on SDH/PDH g. IP based transmission on Ethernet CRNC: RNC controlling one BS (One that terminates Iub towards BTS)

1. Load and congestion control of its cells 2. Admission control SRNC & DRNC come into picture if UE is using resources from more than one RNS SRNC: Terminates Iu link for both UP and CP to/from CN

1. Terminates RRC signalling 2. Basic RRM HO decisions & OLPC 3. L2 processing of data to & from radio interface

NB: Not always but SRNC can be the CRNC DRNC: Any RNC other than SRNC w/c controls cells used by UE

1. Routes data temporarily between Iub and Iur interfaces 2. L2 processing ONLY IF UE is using common/shared transport channels NB: C-S-D/RNC can be in the same unit just logical interfaces ?????

BTS: 1. Radio interface L1 processing channel coding, interleaving, rate adaptation & spreading 2. Basic RRM Inner-LPC 3. Transmission Power of BTS determines the foot print of the cell o o o Ultra site macrocellular (GSM, EDGE & WCDMA) Metro site macro/micro cellular Flexi WCDMA BTS NSNs 3G macro BTS (for both outdoor & indoor stacked together)

Distributed site system RF modules and system modules are separated by no more than 15KM. Single mode optical fibre & SM transceivers are used on both sides. AXC: Requirement for all RANs to implement ATM cross connect??? 1. ATM Cross Connect device implemented in the BTS (not in Flexi BTS) mainly to handle ATM transmission on BTS side ultra site WCDMA BTS 2. Can also be equipped with IP/Ethernet interface to provide BTS with capability to transport the Iub interface on Dual Iub or IP Iub interface 3. Has different interfaces to transport: 3G ATM Iub, Dual Iub or IP Iub based traffic over existing networks 4. Various interfaces of AXC support all different transmission media wireline, optical fibre, Ethernet lines and microwave radio 5. Modular design so Iub transmission capacity (upto 1.2gb/s for ATM or air interface traffic limit for ETH) can be increased by adding AXC txn Interface units [IFUH & AXCF] NB: No need for extra investment in ATM or ETH BTS cell site equipment since existing traditional SDH or new ETH txn is available

SIBs. System Information Blocks [System Information Block Type x] SIB1: Contains NAS system information as well as UE timers and counters to be used in idle mode and in connected mode. SIB2: Contains the URA identity. SIB3: Contains parameters for cell selection and re-selection. SIB4: Contains parameters for cell selection and re-selection to be used in connected mode. SIB5: Contains parameters for the configuration of the common physical channels in the cell. SIB6: Contains parameters for the configuration of the common and shared physical channels to be used in connected mode. SIB7: Contains the fast changing parameters UL interference and Dynamic persistence level SIB8: Contains static CPCH information to be used in the cell. SIB9: Contains CPCH information to be used in the cell. SIB10: Contains information to be used by UEs having their DCH controlled by a DRAC procedure. SIB11: Contains measurement control information to be used in the cell. SIB12: Contains measurement control information to be used in connected mode.

SIB13: Contains ANSI-41 system information. SIB14: Only for TDD SIB15: Contains information useful for UE-based or UE-assisted positioning methods. SIB16: Contains radio bearer, transport channel and physical channel parameters to be stored by UE in idle and connected mode for use during handover to UTRAN. SIB17: Only for TDD

Pilot pollution: Type of interference in CDMA systems caused when a pilot code from a distance cell or BS is strong enough to create an interference problem. CPICH / PILOT CODE: Unmodulated Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signal continuously monitored by each BS. It allows mobiles to acquire timing of forward channel. Serves as phase reference for demodulation and allows the mobiles to search the best (strongest) BS for acquisition and handoff Definition RSCP, RSSI and Ec/Io [www.umtsarchitecture.com/definition-rscp-rssi-ecio/] RSCP: The Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) is the collected RF energy after the correlation / descrambling process, usually given in dBm. Only this code power is of interest for the following receiver stages when judging on the quality of the reception. Ec/Io: This is the ratio of the received energy per chip (= code bit) and the interference level, usually given in dB. In case no true interference is present, the interference level is equal to the noise level. Because of the system gain (see 1), the interference level can be higher than the wanted signal level. Therefore, at the coverage border, the value of Ec/I0 is usually negative. RSSI: The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is a value that takes into account both RSCP and Ec/I0. It is usually given in dBm and can be calculated as follows: RSSI [dBm] = RSCP [dBm] Ec/I0 [dB]