1 Cho 2,56 gam ng phn ng hon ton vi 25,2 gam dung dch HNO3 60% thu c dung dch

A. Bit
. rng nu thm 210ml dung dch KOH 1M vo A ri c cn v nung sn phm thu c ti khi lng
khng i th c 20,76 gam cht rn. Nng % ca mui Cu(NO3)2 v HNO3 cn d trong dung
dch A l
A 25,44% v 36,55%
B. 67,34% v 25,45%
.
C 36,44% v 23,44%
D. 28,66% v 28,81%
.
Li gii:
Ta c nCu(NO3)2 = 0,04 mol => cho KOH c kt ta Cu(OH)2 = 0,04 mol
Nung th c mCuO = 0,04.80 = 3,2 gam
Cht rn c KNO2 (x mol) v KOH d (0,21 x) v CuO (3,2 gam)
(nung khi lng khng i vy mui nitrat b nhit phn).
85x + 56.0,21 56x + 3,2 =20,76 => x = 0,2 mol
Vy nHNO3d + 2.n Cu(NO3)2 = nKNO2 (bo ton N) => nHNO3 d =0,12 mol
n HNO3p/ = nHNO3 ban u nHNO3 d = 0,12 mol
gi chung cho kh thu c l NxOy ( a mol)
c ax = 0,12 0,04.2 = 0,04 mol(bo ton N)
v 5ax -2ay = 0,04.2 = 0,08 (bo ton e ) => ay = 0,06 => m kh = 0,04.14 + 0,06.16 = 1,52 gam
C% ddCu(NO3)2 = 0,04.188 : (2,56 + 25,2 1,52).100% = 28,66%.
V C% ddHNO3 = 0,12.63 : (2,56 + 25,2 1,52).100% = 28,81%
Cu 2: Cho hn hp kh X gm 3 hirocacbon X1, X2, X3 thuc 3 dy ng ng v hn hp kh Y gm
O2, O3 (t khi Y i vi hiro bng 19). Trn X vi Y theo t l th tch
VX : VY = 1,5 : 3,2 ri t chy hn hp thu c, sau phn ng ch c CO2 v hi nc vi t l th
tch tng ng l 1,3 : 1,2. T khi ca hn hp X so v H2 l
A
16.
14.
B. 10.
C. 12.
D.
.
Li gii
C nO2 = 5 mol th nO3 = 3 mol => nY = 8 mol => nX = 1,5.8:3,2 = 3,75 mol
Chn nCO2 =1,3a v nH2O = 1,2a => 2,6a + 1,2a = 5.2 + 3.3 => a = 5 mol
=> n CO2 = 6,5 mol v n H2O = 6 mol
MtbX = (6,5.12 + 6.2) : 3,75 = 24 => t khi so vi l 12
Cu 3:Cho 5,528 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu (nFe : nCu = 18,6) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,352
mol HNO3 thu c dung dch Y v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Tin hnh in phn dung dch
Y vi in cc tr, cng dng in I = 3,6345 ampe trong thi gian t giy thy khi lng cactt
tng 0,88 gam (gi thit kim loi sinh ra bm ht vo catt).Gi tr ca t l
A
1252.
B. 2602.
C. 2337.
D. 797.
.
: Li gii
nFe = 0,093 mol; nCu =0,005 mol; s mol e nhn = . nHNO3 = 0,264 mol
d thy sau phn ng dung dch c Fe3+ (x mol); Fe2+ (y mol); Cu2+ (0,005 mol)
c 3x + 2y = 0,264 0,005.2 v x + y =0,093 => x = 0,068 mol; y =0,025 mol
c nFe bm vo catot = (0,88 0,005.64) : 56 = 0,01 mol

vy n e nhn = nFe3+ + 2nCu2+ + 2nFe = 0,068 + 0,005.2 + 0,01.2 = 0,098 mol

3,6345.t = 0,098.96500 => t = 2602 s
Cu 4: Cho 3 cht hu c n chc c cng cng thc phn t C3H8O tc dng vi
CuO d(nhit ) thu c hn hp sn phm.Cho hn hp sn phm tc dng vi
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam Ag . Nu un nng hn hp 3 cht trn vi H2SO4 c
140 0C th thu c 34,5 gam hn hp 4 ete v 4,5 gam nc.Thnh phn phn trm
khi lng ancol bc 2 c trong hn hp l
A. 46,15%
B. 30,77%
C. 61,53%
D. 15,38%
Li gii
Hn hp thu c 4 ete => ban u c CH3CH(OH)CH3 (propan-2-ol);
CH3CH2CH2OH (propan-1-ol); CH3OC2H5 (etylmetyl ete)
C nC2H5CH2OH = 21,6: 108 : 2 = 0,1 mol
C npropan-2-ol + npropan-1-ol = 2nH2O = 0,5 mol => npropan-2-ol = 0,4 mol
C mete to t 2 ancol = mancol mH2O = 0,5.60 4,5 = 25,5 gam
C metylmetyl ete + mete to t 2 ancol = 34,5 gam => metylmetyl ete = 34,5 25,5 = 9 gam
%m propan-2-ol = 0,4.60 : (0,5.60 + 9).100% = 61,54%
Trong 4 bi ton trn bi 1 t duy kh cao. Ch Cu + HNO3 khng to NH4NO3
Mc d bn nh Phong gii nhng do t c thi gian nn t gip bn. chc bn hc ngy cng tt
ha