Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HTML
HTML
...
Tim Berners-Lee
HYPERTEXT PROJECT
1989
1990
1991 CERN
""
.
Hyperlinks = HyperText
(URL)
http://www.cs.uoi.gr/index.html
ftp://www.cs.uoi.gr/pub
.
.
Client-Server
(server)
"" (client)
server /
Internet
(server software)
Client-Server
client server
.
client-server
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
WEB BROWSERS
browser
Browsers
Netscape
Internet Explorer
Amaya
HotJava ...
HTML: WEB
.
.
BROWSER.
.
.
HTML
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> </TITLE>
<!-- 1998. . . -->
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> </H1>
HTML
. <P>
.
</BODY>
</HTML>
E (tags) HTLM
HTML
.
, ..: <H1> . </H1>
H <1>
,
.
H </1>
.
HTML
.
. HTML,
<P> </P>
( ).
<P> ... </P>
<P> .
HTML
/
.
HTML
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: <!-- -->
.
.
E & E
Browsers
.
,
.
.
HTML.
&
HTML ,
,
.
<TITLE> I </TITLE>
.
<Hn> </Hn>
(n = 1,2,,6)
ALIGN
<H1 ALIGN = CENTER> </H1>
"" .
:
ALIGN = LEFT
( )
ALIGN = CENTER ()
ALIGN = RIGHT
( )
ALIGN = LEFT
<P>
</P>
ALIGN
</P>
() .
(links)
H HTML
.
.
: <A> </A>
.
Anchor ()
...
, : grades, :
<A HREF = "grades"> </>
Browser
.
""
( "")
grades (
).
...
""
,
path, :
servers
server , :
<A HREF = "http://www.uoi.gr/grades"> B </>
URL.
(Universal Resource Locator)
:
xxxx://host.domain/path/filename
xxxx : http , gopher news,
WWW servers, Gopher servers, Usenet servers.
Email
:
<A HREF="MAILTO:iel@cs.uoi.gr"> </A>
Email
iel@cs.uoi.gr
:
.
. . zoo
lion
zoo lion
: < ="leon">lion </A>
:
<A HREF="zoo#leon"> </A>
.
: Fortran
:
:
Apples
Oranges
:
1. Apples
2. Oranges
3. Grapes
: <OL> <LI>
(OL = Ordered List)
<OL>
<LI> Apples <LI> Oranges <LI> Grapes
</OL>
-
<OL> .
<OL TYPE = 1>
<OL TYPE = >
<OL TYPE = a>
-
:
<OL TYPE=A> <LI> Apples <LI> Oranges> </OL>
.
. Apples
B. Oranges
:
<OL TYPE=> <LI> Apples <LI> Oranges> </OL>
. Apples
. Oranges
. . .
-
H START
<OL>
.
VALUE
<L>
. :
<OL START=3> <LI> Apples <LI> Oranges
<LI VALUE=7> Grapes <LI> Bananas </OL>
-
-
3. Apples
4. Oranges
7. Grapes
8. Bananas
<OL START=3>
<OL START=3 TYPE=A> :
C. Apples
D. Oranges
G. Grapes
H. Bananas
<OL START=3>
<OL START=3 TYPE=i> :
iii. Apples
iv. Oranges
vii. Grapes
viii. Bananas
:
<DL> </DL> (Definition List)
<DT>
(Definition Term)
<DD>
(Definition Data)
<DL>
<DT> Fortran
<DD>
.
<DT> C
<DD>
.
</DL>
:
Fortran
.
C
.
" " .
<PRE> </PRE> (preformatted)
"" ( tabs )
. :
<PRE>
PROGRAM FARCEL
WRITE(*,*)'TEMPERATURE IN FAHRENHEIT ? '
READ(*,*) FAR
CELCIU = (FAR-32)*5./9.
WRITE(*,*) ' FAHRENHEIT', ' CELCIUS '
WRITE(*,*) FAR,CELCIU
END
</PRE>
E
<B> </B>
(bold) .
<I> </I>
(Italic) .
<CODE></CODE>
<SUP> </SUP>
<SUB> </SUB>
<U> </U>
<BIG> </BIG>
<SMALL></SMALL>
<B> B. Jones </B>
B. Jones
<BIG> B. Jones </BIG>
B. Jones
<I> B. Jones </I>
B. Jones
<CODE> B. Jones </CODE>
B. Jones
<B><U> B. Jones</U> </B>
B. Jones
, ...
<CENTER> </ CENTER >
.
<BR>
<HR>
a
.
= CENTER = RIGHT
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<HR NOSHADE>
HTML
HTML
GIF
JPEG
(scanners),
.
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gif jpeg.
,
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H <IMG>
.
globe.gif <IMG>:
<IMG SRC = "globe.gif">
WIDTH HEIGHT:
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200 100 pixels.
<IMG SRC = "globe.gif" WIDTH = 50%, HEIGHT = 60%>
50% 60%
.
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-
univ.gif
www.uoi.gr :
<A HREF="http://www.uoi.gr">
<IMG SRC="univ.gif ">
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: stone.gif
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color = #RRGGBB RR, GG, BB
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J = 1,2,,7
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J=+3, x=-2 ( )
.
BASEFONT
<basefont size =J color = "#rrggbb" >
J = 1,2,,7
(default)
.
<HEAD> </HEAD>
.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>The Bradys</CAPTION>
<TR>
<TD> Marcia </TD>
<TD> Carol </TD>
<TD> Greg </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> Jan </TD>
<TD> Alice </TD>
<TD> Peter </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> Cindy </TD>
<TD> Mike </TD>
<TD>Bobby </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
The Bradys
Marcia Carol Greg
Jan
Alice Peter
Cindy Mike Bobby
<TABLE>
</TABLE>
<CAPTION>
</CAPTION>
<TR> Table
Row
</TR>
<TD> Table
Data
</TD>
<TH>...</> <TD>
The Bradys
Agnes
Wilma
George
Gwen
Skippy
Alvin
Harry
Melvin
Joe
<TABLE BORDER="3" CELLSPACING="1"
CELLPADDING="1">
BORDER="3"
CELLSPACING="1"
CELLPADDING="1">
<TD ALIGN = "center"> Agnes </TD>
.
: "left", "center", "right"
1999-2000
Partial Subtotals 2001
Tax
TOTAL
<html><head><title>Strange</title></head>
<body>
<table bgcolor="lightblue" border="3">
<tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" >
<b>1999-2000</b></td> <th rowspan="3"
bgcolor="yellow">2001</th> </tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="red" rowspan="2"
valign="middle">Tax</td>
<td>Partial</td> <td> Subtotals </td></tr>
<tr> <td bgcolor="green" align="center"
colspan="2">TOTAL</td> </tr>
</table> </body> </html>
E
<html> <head> <title> Photos in Table </title></head>
<body bgcolor="silver"> <H1> Many Photos </H1>
<table border="0" bgcolor="black" cellspacing="0" >
<tr align=center >
<td> <IMG src="photos\dgp.jpg",HEIGHT=200> </td>
<td> <IMG src="photos\arly.jpg", HEIGHT=200> </td>
</tr>
<tr align=center>
<td><IMG src="photos\nikolop04.jpg" height=200></td>
<td><IMG src="photos\support.jpg" height=200></td>
</tr> </table> </body> </html>
Many Photos
(frames)
etscape
Internet Explorer
HTML 4.0 .
.
<>
TARGET = " "
new,
.
HREF="grades.html"
.
<html> <head> </head> <body>
<h1> HI there </h1>
You can see your
<a href ="grades.html" target="new"> grades here</a>
</body></html>
grades.html
:
<html><head></head>
<body>
HI there
<UL>
<li>Math 19
You can see your grades here
<li>Phys 18
<li>Comp 16
<li>Lite 19
</UL>
</body></html>
HI there
You can see your grades here
Math 19
Phys 18
Comp 16
Lite 19
BASE
<BASE TARGET= "_" >
<HEAD> </HEAD>
.
,
TARGET .
<html><head><base target="profs"></head>
<body>
<UL>
<li> <a href=math.txt>Math 19 </a>
<li> <a href=phys.txt>Phys 18 </a>
<li> <a href=comp.txt>Comp 16 </a>
<li> <a href=lite.txt>Lite 19 </a>
</UL>
</body></html>
math.txt
phys.txt
comp.txt
lite.txt
FRAMESET &
FRAME
FRAMESET
,
.
FRAME
.
FRAMESET
<frameset COLS="110,30%,*">
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. 110 pixels,
30% ,
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110 pixels,
30% ,
520
( )
.
.
FRAME
( )
FRAME
.
<html> <head> <frameset cols="30%,*">
<frame src="grades.html">
<frame src="tex8.gif" name="new">
</frameset></head></html>
.
30%
70% .
grades.html
SRC:
<frame SRC="grades.html">
tex8.gif
SRC:
<frame SRC="tex8.gif" name="new">
name="new",
new.
TARGET
<>
grades.html
<html><head><base target="new"></head>
<body>
<UL>
<li><a href="math.txt"> Math 19</a>
<li><a href="phys.txt"> Phys 18</a>
<li><a href="comp.txt"> Comp 16</a>
<li><a href="lite.txt"> Lite 19</a>
</UL>
</body></html>
Math 19
Phys 18
Comp 16
Lite 19
Math 19
Phys 18
Comp 16
Lite 19
Math 19
Phys 18
Comp 16
Lite 19
Math 19
Phys 18
Comp 16
Lite 19
Math 19
Phys 18
Comp 16
Lite 19
<FRAME SROLLING = option>
<META>
<HEAD></HEAD>
" " (MA)
, ,
Browser
<> .
<META> ...
<META NAME="XXX" CONTENT="YYY">
XXX :
description
keywords
generator
copyright
expires
author
YYY
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Graphics">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Paint,Brush">
""
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="NotePad">
<META NAME="copyright" CONTENT="IBM2000">
copyright
<META NAME="expires" CONTENT="11 May 2000">
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="Homer">
<META>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="XX" CONTENT="YY">
expires
Wed, 26 Feb 1977 08:21:37 GMT
pragma
no-cache
refresh
2; URL= http://www.cs.uoi.gr/
set-cookie
cookievalue=2; path=/
window-target _top
content-type
text/html; charset=iso-8859-7
<META HTTP-EQUIV="expires"
CONTENT="Wed, 26 Feb 1977 08:21:37 GMT">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="pragma"
CONTENT="no-cache">
Browser
.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh"
CONTENT="2; URL= http://www.cs.uoi.gr/ ">
2 sec "" URL
<META HTTP-EQUIV="window-target"
CONTENT="_top">
.
frames ""
.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type"
CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-7 ">
Browser
file1.html, :
<META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh"
CONTENT="1; URL= file2.html ">
file2.html, :
<META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh"
CONTENT="1; URL= file3.html ">
... ...
. . .
present
: index.html index.htm
/ Solaris
:
public_html 755
. . .
present
public_html
755
login :
csst0188,
:
www.cs.uoi.gr/~csst0188/present/
Netscape Navigator 4.0
Arena
Amaya
. . .
<STYLE> </STYLE>
<head> </head>
<HEAD> <TITLE> CSS Example </TITLE>
<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
H1 {font-size: 32pt; color: red}
H2 {font-size: 24pt; color: blue}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<STYLE>
HTML.
<2>
TAG {_1: ; _2: ; }
TAG HTML , :
1
BODY
P
P {text-indent: 3em ; color: red; font-size:
18pt }
(<P></P>),
3
.
.
18 .
Classes
.
.
:
H1.norm { color: #0000FF; font-size: 24pt
}
H1.enh
1.
norm
enh
:
<H1 class = norm> </H1>
<H1 class = enh > VI </H1>
,
HTML. :
.norm { color: #0000FF; font-size:
24pt }
.enh { color: #FF2288; font-size:
} :
32pt
ID
(ID selector).
#pib {color: black; font-size: 40pt }
:
<h1 id=pib > </h1>
<p id=pib > </p>
Contextual selectors
:
P EM { background: yellow }
: !!!
:
<P> <EM> </EM> </P>
<html><head>
<style>
P EM { background: yellow }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1> </h1>
<p>
This is an <em> emphasized piece of text </em>
and it is treated specially
</p>
Isn't it great ?
<P> <em> INDEED </em> !!! </p>
</body></html>
INDEED !!!
Grouping
. .:
H1, H2, H3 {color: red;
font-family:sans-serif}
<1>, <2> <3>
sans-serif.
Pseudo-classes
: Anchor pseudo-classes
A:link {color: red}
A:active { color: blue; font-size: 125% }
A:visited {color: green; font-size: 85% }
:
125%
85%
-
:
P:first-line {font-variant: small-caps;
font-weight: bold}
P:first-letter {font-size: 300% ; float: left}
.
Font
Color & Background
Text
Box
FONT
Font-Family
Font-Style
Font-Variant
Font-Weight
Font-Size
Font
Font-Family
Font-family: Name1, Name2, , Generic1, Generic2,
Name1, Name2
Generic1,
Generic1, :
serif
Times
sans-serif
Arial
cursive
Zapf-Chancery
fantasy
Western
monospace
Courier
Font-Style
Font-Style: XXX
: XXX :
normal
italic
oblique
H1 { font-style: oblique }
P { font-style: normal }
Font-Variant
Font-Variant: XXX
: XXX :
normal
small-caps
H1 { font-variant:small-caps }
Font-Weight
Font-Weight: XXX
: XXX :
normal
bold bolder lighter
100 200 900
H1 { font-weight: 800 }
P { font-weight: 300 }
Font-Size
Font-Size: XXX
: XXX :
xx-small x-small small medium large xlarge xx-large
larger smaller
A pt in (points/inches)
%
P { font-size: 90% }
Font
Font: XXX
: XXX :
font-style font-variant font-weight
font-size/line-height
P { font: italic bold 12pt/14pt Times, serif }
...
Word Wide Web (WWW).
:
http://www.w3.org/
http://netspace.students.brown.edu/users/dwb/www-authoring.html
http://www.wnetc.com/technical/html.html
http://oneworld.wa.com/htmldev/devpage/dev-page1.html
Y HTML,
( ) ( )
.