DNI/PASSAPORT: ___________ COGNOMS: ______________________________

NOM:_______________

ADMINISTRACI DE SISTEMES OPERATIUS

EXAMEN FINAL, 15 de juny de 2010
L'examen s individual
Responeu en l'espai assignat
Poseu DNI, COGNOMS i NOM (per aquest ordre) al damunt d'aquest full
L'examen s sense llibres ni apunts
No es puntuaran les preguntes sense justificaci
Temps: 2:30h. (No es pot sortir abans de la primera mitja hora)
Les notes sortiran el dilluns 28 de juny i la revisi ser el dimecres 30 de juny
1. (1 punt) Explica dues funcions que tenim com a administradors Senior, Junior i Novell,
suposant que a la teva organitzaci totes tres figures hi sn representades.
a) Senior

b) Junior

c) Novell

2. (2 punts) Estem monitoritzant un sistema on s'estan fent proves experimentals i amb

una diferncia de 5 minuts veiem aix:
top11:52:57up19days,3:32,11users,loadaverage:0.29,0.07,0.02
Tasks:289total,2running,287sleeping,0stopped,0zombie
Cpu0:69.7%us,0.4%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,29.9%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu1:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu2:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu3:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu4:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu5:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu6:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu7:0.0%us,0.0%sy,0.0%ni,100.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
PIDUSERPRNIVIRTSHRS%CPU%MEMTIME+COMMAND
2392xavim20098m1528R12.51.60:17.38bzip2
3115root391900S0.00.0103:55.40kipmi0
5556root2008908392S0.00.015:29.45irqbalance
.....
... i 5 minuts desprs:
top11:57:51up19days,3:39,11users,loadaverage:5.33,2.25,0.90
Tasks:376total,9running,367sleeping,0stopped,0zombie
Cpu0:54.0%us,0.4%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,45.6%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu1:98.7%us,1.3%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu2:98.7%us,1.3%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu3:99.0%us,1.0%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu4:98.7%us,1.3%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu5:95.7%us,4.3%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu6:99.0%us,1.0%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Cpu7:98.7%us,1.3%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
PIDUSERPRNIVIRTSHRS%CPU%MEMTIME+COMMAND
2392xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:36.72bzip2
2402xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.25bzip2
2403xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.25bzip2
2404xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.25bzip2
2405xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.25bzip2
2406xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.25bzip2
2399xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.26bzip2
2400xavim200687m1552R12.521.21:19.25bzip2
1root2001064324S0.00.00:08.90init
2root15500S0.00.00:00.08kthreadd
3rootRT500S0.00.00:00.08migration/0
4root15500S0.00.00:04.42ksoftirqd/0
.....
a) Explica quina s la prova que s'est executant i com canvia la seva execuci en els 5 minuts
que han passat.

A continuaci fem un vmstat i veiem aix:

$vmstat1
procsmemoryswapiosystemcpu
rbswpdfreebuffcachesisobiboincsussyidwa
000938468884525035360055215106431695140
00085364788452503652006360230955791180
00083136388452503304005360243188491360
0006536338845250327643432336200950190620
000204873884525032761023444244322190800801811
0006378288452452724984451004502241777762715
000506748845230395087442935322038553421948
000452888845220597076203842342059587201970
0007872688452362540904521044602059611181873
00065525884523726241013461764042078809231571
0004862888452277473893241233932084627210376
b) Qu creus que pot estar passant?

c) Si aquesta situaci continua, quines accions prendries?

3. (3 punts) Xarxes
A) Una empresa es dedica a la venda on-line de productes naturals. Per ara tenen
aproximadament 500000 visites al dia. L'empresa t un total de 15 empleats, on cada un t
el seu propi PC connectat a la xarxa de l'empresa. Se'ns informa que l'empresa disposa de 3
servidors, i es volen installar els segents serveis: correu entrant, correu sortint,
resoluci de noms (DNS), servidor de disc, pgina web, Intranet, impressi, VPN i
autenticaci nica d'usuaris . Indica a dins les capses de la figura quin servei installaries a
cada servidor:

Internet

B) Quin protocol i quina aplicaci creus que seria el ms adient per a cada servei?:

Servei
Correu entrant
Correu sortint
Resoluci de noms
Servidor de disc
Pgines web
Intranet
Impressi
VPN
Autenticaci

Protocol

Servidor (Aplicaci)

C) Per motius de seguretat se'ns demana que installem un firewall a l'empresa. Indica on
l'installaries (si et cal et pots ajudar de la figura de la pregunta A) i quina poltica faries
servir per tal de garantir la seguretat de la xarxa.

D) Defineix els segents conceptes:

MUA:
MTA:
MSA:
DA:
AA:
E) A quin servei fan referncia els conceptes anteriors?

F) Se sap que el servei de correu electrnic s insegur, indica'n aqu els motius principals:

G) Quina poltica faries servir quan arriba un correu que cont SPAM?

H) Quina poltica faries servir si el missatge cont virus?

4. (2 punts) Backups
Volem fer backups d'un repositori de codi que t aquestes caracterstiques:
/svn/old-projects: 200 Gbytes de projectes antics, en els quals l'organitzaci noms es
compromet a solucionar problemes relacionats amb la seguretat. S'hi fan de l'ordre de
10 30 canvis a la setmana.
/svn/projects: 300 Gbytes de projectes actuals, alguns implantats en els clients i
funcionant i altres en desenvolupament.S'hi fan de l'ordre de 10000 canvis cada
setmana.
/svn/new-projects: 20 Gbytes de projectes que estan sent preparats amb els clients.
S'hi fan de l'ordre de 500 canvis cada setmana.
Dins de cada projecte hi haur espai per codi i documentaci relacionada.
A) Determineu la poltica de backups que fareu per cada directori, indicant, per a cadascun
cada quan fareu els backups totals i cada quan els incrementals i de quin tipus; en quin tipus
de dispositiu; cada quan treureu una cpia de seguretat a fora de l'organitzaci. Justifica les
respostes
/svn/old-projects:

/svn/projects:

/svn/new-projects:

B) Si pogussiu canviar l'organitzaci dels directoris de projectes, com els posareu? O b

creieu que ja est prou b i la deixareu igual?

5. (2 punts)
Tenim el segent directori que volem fer servir per compartir fitxers entre diferents usuaris:
$ ls -ltrd /shared
drwx------ 20 root

users

25696 2010-06-15 10:52

/shared

Hem creat un grup (shared_group), on posarem tots els usuaris que hagin de poder compartir
fitxers en aquest directori:
$ grep shared_group /etc/group
shared_group:x:10020:
A) Llista les comandes que encara hem d'executar perqu el directori sigui til per a compartir
fitxers a travs de pertnyer al grup shared_group. Explica cadascuna d'elles:

B) Quina umask han de tenir els usuaris per poder compartir fitxers cmodament (que els
puguin llegir i escriure per defecte)? Explica-ho:

C) Volem monitoritzar l's d'aquest directori (/shared). Explica quina informaci podries obtenir
de cadascuna de les segents comandes per a realitzar la monitoritzaci:
C.1) du

C.2) df

C.3) fuser

C.4) lsof