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(Notes for chapter 1 (Language and power

CLS = critical language study aims to make it clear for people (especially ordinary
people) that the language(language practices and convections) they encounter every day
whether in news papers, books spoken language in TV and home embodies unequal
relations of power that people are not aware of. The exercise of power that encoded in
language is aimed to shape and influence people perception and way of thinking to
.serve particular interests and goals of specific people
)
( convections ( )


.


Chapter 1
In this chapter, Fairclough criticizes the way sociolinguistics study language and the*
patterns of unequal relations of power. He says that they focus on describing the types
of language use including the patterns of social inequality without giving explanation
why these patterns are used and how. He says that the CLS is important to liberate
.people from exploitation that they are often not aware of
sociolinguistics Fairclough
.

.
CLS
.
:concerning Ideology *
Ideology is a set of ideas that serves particular material interests and goals of
.(particular people in society (power holders
These ideas which is also called " commonsense assumptions" (ideologies) areembodied in the language we use every day. Therefore the CLS aims to enable people
.to be aware of these assumptions in order to resist them

.( )
" commonsense"
.)(
CLS
Also Fairclough says that there are two types of power: coercive power which involves the use of force or violence .while consensual power (it is important to


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understand this consensual power in this book) involves the manufacturing of consent
.((this phrase is important
: Fairclough - .
)
) (
. (
Fairclough says that our societies involves constant conflict and struggle between _
social groups because power is exercised by specific people over others by consensual
means or ways NOT COERSIVE power. That is they do not force people explicitly to
do the things that serve their material goals, but rather power holders persuade ordinary
people implicitly or indirectly to do things that serve power holders' interests in
society by the function of ideologies. For example to make them think in specific way
that serve their aims. You can find this in elections. Politicians say things in a way that
persuade people to think in a certain way about them , persuade them that they are
.working for the good of public and then they will vote for them
Fairclough

. COERSIVE



.
. .


.
Therefore, Fairlough sees language as the main tool of exercising power in modern
society in which people do things or think of specific way by the use of consensual
.means of language not by force or violence just like in the past
Fairlough


.
Commonsense means that is something becomes taken for granted, or ordinary thing *
.that we do not notice that we are doing because we used to
Commonsense

Language convections means language rules or the grammar and vocabulary that are
.used in specific way to serve a specific point of view


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convections
.

In this chapter it is important to understand to understand the difference between CLS

and other approaches of language like sociolinguistics Halliday and Holmes: you will
find more about them in the first article of the media text ,linguistics (the structuralism
which you all read about in article one of the medial text _ the first model ), pragmatics,
.cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence
CLS
: sociolinguistics

structuralism)
( _
.
It is important to understand the concept MEMBERS RESOURCES, LANGUE,
PAROLE