PHN II: QUY TRNH THIT K H TNG TC

I. II. III. IV.

Gii thiu chung c t yu cu v phn tch nhim v Thit k tng tc ngi dng my tnh Kim th tnh tin dng v nh gi h thng V. Qun l h thng tng tc
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CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG

1. Thit k l g ? 2. Th no l mt thit k tt v mt thit k ti ? 3. Cc nguyn tc cho tnh dng c (usability principles) 4. Quy trnh thit k phn mm 5. Thit k tng tc l g ? 6. Quy trnh thit k h tng tc 7. Cc m thc thit k (paradigms)
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1. Thit k l g
Design is achieving goals with constraints Goals:
Mc ch thit k to ra sn phm Sn phm cho i tng no Ti sao h li mun s dng n

Contraints

Trade-off

Phi s dng cc thit b g ? Cc chun m ta phi tun theo l g ? Gi thnh Thi gian pht trin nh hng n sc khe, an ton

La chn gia mc ch v cc rng buc lm tt nht nhim v t ra

2. Thit k ti c mt khp mi ni
Ngh rng vic thit k ti ch khi lm vic vi my tnh l khng ng. Hy ngh li ! Hu ht cc vn v tnh hu dng u ch bt ra khi bn i du lch n mt nc l. Hy tng tng bn i du lch n mt t nc v bn gp phi nhng iu sau.

Trong mt phng ngh H Lan

Thit k ti u ?

xut ci thin ?

Gim m thanh TV ca bn
Thit k ti u ?

xut ci thin ?

Robinet ? Vn theo chiu no y ?

Thit k ti u ?

xut ci thin ?

V d 1: Th thoi (voice mail)

Bn c mt chuyn cng tc v phi ngh trong khch sn. Tuy nhin bn va pht hin ra mnh qun in thoi di ng nh v phi dng in thoi ca khch sn thc hin cc trao i cng vic. Khch sn c mt h thng th thoi trong mi phng. xem bn c tin nhn, bn nhn vo mt phm v nghe ting chung. Nu c 3 ting Beep, Beep, Beep ngha l c tin nhn.

V d 1: Th thoi (voice mail)

nghe tin nhn, bn phi tun theo cc ch dn sau:
1. Nhn nt 491". Bn lm nh vy v h thng tr li: Cho mng bn n vi trung tm tin nhn ca khch sn Sunrise. Vui lng nhn s phng m bn mun li tin nhn." Bn nhn s phng v ch nghe lm th no thu li tin nhn nhng khng c thm ch dn no na. Bn nhn vo hng dn v thy: "2. Bm s phng ca bn, tip theo bm du #". Bn lm nh vy v h thng tr li: Bn vo hm thoi ca phng 106. nhn tin, vui lng g vo password
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V d 1: Th thoi (voice mail)

Bn khng bit password l g, bn ngh l s phng ca bn, nhng khi bn bm th khng c tn hiu g!!! Bn mun t b vic kim tra tin nhn v gi l tn. L tn gii thch v cch thc thu v nghe tin nhn: Qu khch phi nhp vo ng thi im s phng v s m rng ca in thoi. Tip theo , qu khch phi lm 6 thao tc truy nhp vo hp thoi v 5 thao tc nhn thoi. Qu bc, bn i ra v mua mt chic in thoi mi

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u l vn ca h thng th thoi?
Lm cho ngi s dng mun tc in ln v qu nhiu thao tc Ngi s dng cm thy m h, nghi ng v cc thao tc m mnh thc hin Khng hiu qu phi thc hin nhiu thao tc mt thi gian KH S DNG Khng th thc hin mt cch hin nhin: h thng cung cp thng tin ri rc khng y .

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Hy k mt s v d v thit k ti

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V d 2: Marble answering machine

Do Durrell Bipshop cu sinh vin cao hc trng Royal College of Art in London thit k L mt v d u tin v thit k tng tc trong n c s kt ni hai th gii vt l v th gii S

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V d 2: Marble answering machine

Cc tin nhn c lu tr

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V d 2: Marble answering machine

Ngi dng c th ty la chn tin nhn nghe theo th t bt k

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Ngi dng phn loi cc tin nhn gi ti h.

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Ngi dng gi li ngi li li nhn

Marble answering machine c g tt ?

S dng cc vt th quen thuc (hn bi) v ch ra c bao nhiu tin nhn n (s vin bi) Ngi dng cm thy thch th khi s dng (cm gic nh mt tr chi) Ch cn mt thao tc thc hin nhim v chnh Thit k n gin nhng rt lch lm t chc nng nhng bt k ai cng c th thc hin nghe bt k tin nhn no Tuy nhin: khng th s dng khch sn ? V cc vin bi c th b ly / gi lm k nim Ch khi thit k: cho ai, lm g, s dng u

3. Tnh dng c

Mt thit k tt cn m bo tnh dng c

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Nguyn tc ca tnh dng c

[Nielson-1993]
Tnh hiu qu Tnh d hc Tnh d nh Tnh d on li p ng tnh ch quan

3 tiu ch chnh:
Tnh d hc (Learnability) Tnh mm do (Flexibility) Tnh vng chc (Robustness)

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D hc
Cho php ngi dng mi thiu kinh nghim
C th s dng V s dng t hiu qu ti a

Th hin cc tnh cht sau

Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh d on tng hp khi qut nht qun

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Tnh d on
Da vo tri thc bit xc nh cc tng tc mi v d bo kt qu V d 1: V d 2: trong thit k

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D hc
Tnh tng hp
Tnh d on ch tp trung vo kh nng xc nh cc ng tc tip theo da vo ci qua Tnh tng hp cho php hnh thnh m hnh v hnh vi ca h thng t mt chui cc tng tc trc

Tnh thn thin

c o bi s tng h gia tri thc ang tn ti v tri thc cn c thc hin tng tc c hiu qu V d: trong cng ngh son tho vn bn, co s tng t gia bn phm ca my ch v my tnh

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D hc
Tnh khi qut
Tnh khi qut l tnh cht cho php ngi dng m rng tri thc t mt ng dng c th sang mt tnh hung tng t d bo m hnh tng tc hon thin hn V d: Trong mt gi ha: hnh vung l hnh ch nht c rng buc; trong h thng window, thao tc ctdn p dng cho mi i tng Tnh nht qun hnh vi tng t trong cc tnh hung tng t

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Mm do
i thoi ch ng a lung Di tr nhim v Thay th C nhn ha

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Mm do
i thoi ch ng:
Kiu i thoi u tin h thng
H thng ch ng mi i thoi Ngi dng n thun p ng cc yu cu V d: cc hp thoi ngn cm ND a thng tin trc tip vo

Kiu i thoi u tin ngi dng

ND hon ton ch ng i thoi Tuy nhin vic ch ng s lm mt vt ca cc nhim v m ngi dng ch ng ngh m cha c hon thnh

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Mm do
a lung
Mt lung l mt phn ca i thoi c lin quan n mt nhim v no a lung cho php h tr nhiu hn mt nhim v ti mt thi im C hai c trng ca a lung
Nhiu knh c th cho php thc hin mt nhim v
M ca s = nhn kp chut trn mt biu tng; dng phm nng; ni hy m ca s

Mt biu din n c th to bng cch trn cc knh

H thng cnh bo = ca s cnh bo + sound (bipbip)

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Mm do
Di tr nhim v
Chuyn iu khin thc hin nhim v gia ngi dng v h thng V d:
Kim tra li chnh t ca vn bn iu khin bay trong bung li

Thay th
Tp cc gi tr tng ng c th thay th cho nhau ty theo ng dng V d: trong la chn v kch thc: cm, inch, point

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Mm do
C nhn ha
Tnh thay i t ng m h thng mun thc hin da vo tri thc ca n v ngi dng V d: ngi dng c th thay i nh nn, tn, phm nng m mnh thch / hay s dng

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Vng chc
Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh quan st (Observability) khi phc (Recoverability) p ng (Responsiveness) tng hp nhim v (Task conformance)

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Vng chc
Tnh quan st (Observability)
Cho php ngi dng nh gi c trng thi bn trong ca h thng nh biu din cm nhn c trn giao tip

Tnh khi phc (Recoverability)

Ngi dng gy li v mun sa li Tnh khi phc l kh nng t ti ch mong mun sau khi nhn ra mt s li trong cc tng tc trc
Khi phc kiu tin: Chp nhn trng thi hin ti, m phn t trng thi tin v trng thi ch Khi phc kiu li: th b i nh hng ca cc tng tc trc v

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Vng chc
Tnh p ng
o vn tc giao tip gia ngi dng v my tnh Thi gian p ng l thi gian cn thit thay i trng thi Mong mun: p ng tc th, tuy nhin h thng phi c thng bo nhn c yu cu v ang x l

Tnh tng hp nhim v

H thng khi thit k m bo p ng y cc yu cu trong c t Tuy nhin h thng nn c kh nng cho php ngi dng nh ngha cc nhim v mi

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4. Cc m thc ca tnh dng c

M thc phn chia thi gian (Time Sharing) Cc thit b hin th quan st Cc cng c lp trnh My tnh c nhn H thng Windows v giao din WIMP Cnh tr iu khin trc tip Ngn ng ngc vi hnh ng Siu vn bn a th thc WEB Giao tip da vo tc t
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Ti sao cn nghin cu cc m thc ?

Lin quan n vic thit k cc h thng tng tc
Cc h thng phi c thit k th no m bo tnh dng c Tnh dng c c nh gi nh th no ? C o c hay khng ?

Cc h tng tc c thit k thnh cng cho php cung cp m thc cho vic pht trin cc h tng tc trong tng lai Xy dng cc h tng tc tin dng hn cc h tng tc v ang tn ti Tho lun v cc vn lin quan nhm ci tin thit k cc h tng tc
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V nh
Sinh vin v t c sch Tng tc ngi my Nh xut bn KHKT ca thy Lng Mnh B Trong mi m thc nh gi
u im Nhc im S tin b ca m thc sau so vi m thc trc

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4.1. X l theo l
Giai on: 1950s 1960s X l theo l: tp lnh c lu trn ba hay bng giy sau np vo my tnh Nhc im:
Ti mt thi im, ch chy mt chng trnh ca mt ngi s dng Kh s dng, vng, cng knh, khng d bo c

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4.2. Phn chia thi gian (time sharing)

Xut hin vo nhng nm 1960s
IBM 360, SDS 940, PDP-10

Cho php chia s ti nguyn tnh ton cho nhiu ngi s dng (Multi-users)
C ch lp lch cho php cc nhim v s c thi hnh Lu v chuyn i trng thi ngi s dng v trng thi chng trnh ca h Gn time slots cho mi cng vic: Job1: 0-5; Job 2: 510; Job 3: 10-15

u im: so vi x l theo l (batch processing)

Gia tng lng thng tin gia ngi dng v my tnh Cho php ngi dng tch cc hn v c tng tc kp thi
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4.3. Thit b hin th quan st (VDU)

Giai on: gia nhng nm 1950s c ng dng u tin trong qun s Chng trnh Sketchpad (Ivan Sutherland, 1962)
Ln u tin cho php biu din thng tin dng nh ln trn thit b Cho php ngi dng s dng my tnh to mt cch nhanh chng cc m hnh trc quan, tinh vi trn mn hnh hin th

ngha:
My tnh c s dng m rng kh nng ca con ngi thng qua vic hin th v iu khin cc biu din khc nhau ca cng mt thng tin tng sng to trong lch s pht trin my tnh
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The first sketchpad [Ivan Sutherland,1962]

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http://mugtug.com/sketchpad/

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4.4. Cc b cng c lp trnh

Douglas Engelbarts Augmenting Human Intellect, 1962
The secret to producing computing equipment that aids human problem-solving ability is providing the right toolkit

Engelbart v cc ng s xut cn pht trin mt b cng c lp trnh lm c s cho vic pht trin cc h thng phc tp hn u im:
Cc thnh phn nh khi c thit k tt v c hiu mt cch thu o s cho php to ra cc cng c ln hn Mt khi b cng c ln hn c hiu r, n s cho php to ra cc b cng c ln hn na v c th tip tc
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4.5. M thc iu khin trc tip

Nguyn l:
Tnh nhn thy c ca i tng quan tm: Gia tng hot ng vi phn hi nhanh chng ca mi hnh ng Khuyn khch ngi dng khm ph m khng phi cc hu qu nng n Mi hnh ng c c php chnh xc Thay th ngn ng dng lnh bi vic iu khin trc tip cc i tng nhn thy c

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V d
Giao din: ko th mt file vo thng rc thay v s dng lnh rm ? (V sao li tt hn) Mt s lnh vc ng dng ca iu khin trc tip
Tr chi Hin th, M phng Hin thc o (C ch, gng tay) v.v

4.6. Giao tip da vo tc t

V d
Tc t th tn lm nhim v lc th Tc t web d tm cc trang web Excel: tc t tnh tng ca cc s

u im
C th thay th cc hot ng ca ngi dng thc hin mt s nhim v

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5. Quy trnh thit k phn mm

Cc m hnh vng i ca phn mm
M hnh thc nc M hnh vng i phn mm ca Bohem M hnh vng i hnh sao

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5.1. M hnh thc nc

Requiremen t Specificatio n
Architectur al Design Detailed Design Coding and Testing Integration and Testing Operation and Maintenanc46

5.2. M hnh Boherm

Requirement Specification

System Design

Coding

Testing

Operation and Maintenance 47

5.3. M hnh hnh sao

6. Thit k tng tc
nh ngha: Designing interactive products to support people in their everyday and working lives.

Thit k tng tc cng lm vic

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7. Quy trnh thit k h tng tc

Whats wanted Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles

Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 51 Helps

7.1. Ngi dng mun g

Whats wanted ? Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles

Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 52 Helps

7.1. Ngi dng mun g

Requirements Whats wanted ? Cc phng php thc hin
Phng vn Videotaping Tm kim v tra cu ti liu v vn lin quan Quan st trc tip

7.2. Phn tch

Whats wanted ? Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles

Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 54 Helps

7.2. Phn tch

Phn tch: Cc kt qu thu nhn c t pha xc nh nhu cu s c sp xp theo cch thc no a ra cc vn chnh v trao i vi cc khu sau ca qu trnh thit k Cc phng php:
Xy dng kch bn Phn tch tc nhim

7.3. Thit k
Whats wanted ? Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles

Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 56 Helps

7.3. Thit k
Thit k:
Mc d tt c quy trnh l thit k Tuy nhin: y l khu trng yu ca qu trnh

Cc phng php thit k da trn:

Lut tng tc Nguyn l thit k Guidelines

7.4. To mu th
Whats wanted Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles

Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 58 Helps

7.4. To mu th
Vng lp v thit k mu th:
Con ngi l phc tp Chng ta khng ch i c th c mt thit k hon ho ngay ln u tin V th cn phi nh gi xem sn phm mu t c nh th no v ch no c th ci thin c

Cc phng php da trn:

K thut nh gi Thu nhn thng tin phn hi t ngi dng th

7.5. Ci t v trin khai

Whats wanted Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles

Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 60 Helps

7.5. Ci t v trin khai

Ci t v khai thc:
Sau khi hi lng vi vic thit k chng ta i vo ci t v trin khai sn phm

Cc cng vic cn thc hin

Writing Codes Making harwares Writing documents, manuals

Tng kt
SV nm bt c
Thit k l g Thit k tt/ti Cc nguyn l ca tnh dng c Cc m thc tng tc Quy trnh pht trin phn mm Thit k tng tc

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CHNG II: C T YU CU NGI DNG V PHN TCH NHIM V

I. c t yu cu ngi dng
1. 2. 3. 4. Khi nim c t chc nng c t d liu c t tnh dng c

II. Phn tch nhim v

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1. Khi nim
c t yu cu ngi dng: Qu trnh xc nh cc yu cu ca ngi dng i vi h thng m ta mun pht trin Khch hng:
Cung cp mt m t v yu cu ca mnh, ci m h mong mun h thng cung cp trong thut ng ca h

Bn m t cn chung chung v cn phi xc nh

Nhng ci khng cn thit Nhng ci khng th thc hin c hay khng chc chn thc hin c Nhng ci cn thiu, nhp nhng hay mu thun

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1. Khi nim
K thut s dng
Phng vn Quan st Phn tch ti liu

Kt qu ca c t yu cu:
Biu din bi ton vi h thng hin ti Biu din cc yu cu ca h thng mi

Cc kiu c t yu cu:
c t chc nng c t d liu c t tnh dng c (HCI)
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2. c t chc nng
L c t ci m h thng (con ngi, my tnh, ) phi lm
Vic quyt nh hnh ng no s c thc hin bi con ngi hay bi my tnh s c thc hin pha phn tch nhim v

c t chc nng bao gm c t cc rng buc m chc nng khi thc hin phi tnh n
Vic c t thng c chia thnh nhiu module c phn cp d iu khin v cho php x l ring bit: i t mc tru tng n mc c th

Quan trng: thu thp cc yu cu khng th thc hin c v ch c t cc yu cu ny mt ln

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Cng c c t chc nng

S lung d liu (Data Flow Diagram - DFD) My vi trng thi hu hn Ngn ng t nhin c cu trc

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3. c t d liu
L biu din lung d liu, ng ngha, cu trc chnh ca d liu p ng yu cu ca ngi dng c t d liu khc vi c t chc nng: n ch tp trung vo cu trc d liu c t d liu c lit k nh cc k thut
Quan st Phn tch ti liu Phng vn

Quan trng: cn phi hiu v nh ngha mt cch chnh xc cc phn t d liu

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Cng c c t d liu
Lu thc th lin kt - Entity Relationship Diagram- ERD

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4. c t tnh dng c
Trong vic xy dng mt h thng thng tin ta mi ch quan tm n hai loi c t:
c t chc nng c t d liu

Trong giao tip ngi dng - my tnh, cn c t thm tnh dng c:

Vic c t tnh dng c c tin hnh ng thi vi c t chc nng v c t d liu vi cng mt k thut (quan st, phng vn, phn tch ti liu). Vic c t tnh dng c c lin quan n nh gi quy trnh thit k

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Khung tnh dng c ISO 9241-11

Cc mc tiu d kin

Ngi dng

Mc ch

Nhim v
Thit b Mi trng
Bi cnh s dng Kt qu tng tc

(Effectiveness)

Hiu qu

Nng sut
(Efficiency)

(Satisfaction)

Tha mn

Sn phm

Php o tnh tin dng

CHNG II: C T YU CU NGI DNG V PHN TCH NHIM V

I. c t yu cu ngi dng II. Phn tch nhim v III. Khi nim

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1. Khi nim
Phn tch nhim v: Qu trnh phn tch cch thc ngi dng thc hin cng vic t c mc ch ca mnh. Phn tch tp trung vo cc hnh ng ca:
Ngi dng (actions) i tng m ngi dng tc ng vo (objects) Hiu bit m ngi dng cn c (knowledge)

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2. Vai tr
Task Analysis: l qu trnh tm hiu
Cch thc con ngi hiu cng vic hay ci ch cn thc hin Cc i tng m ngi dng s thao tc trn Nhng tri thc m ngi dng cn c thc thi nhim v nhm t c mc ch mong mun

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V d v phn tch nhim v Ht bi

Mc ch: Ht bi trong nh Cc cng vic cn lm:
Ly my ht bi Lp cc ph tng cn thit Thc hin ht bi

Mt s cc iu kin
Khi hp rc y: tho b rc v lp li Khi ht xong: tho cc ph tng v ct my

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V d v phn tch nhim v Ht bi

Tri thc cn c
S dng my ht bi nh th no Vic tho lp cc chi tit ra sao Trnh t ht cc phng nh th no

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3. Thut ng
Mc ch (Goal)
Trng thi ca h thng m ngi dng mun hon thnh Mt ch c th c thc hin bi mt s cng c, phng php, tc nhn, k thut, thit b c th lm thay i trng thi ca h thng V d: mc ch l vit th th c th dng cc phng tin nh bt, giy, my son tho vn bn, v.v

Nhim v (Task)
L ci ngi dng cn lm thc hin mc ch ra

Hnh ng (Action)
L mt nhim v m bn thn n khng bao hm vic gii quyt vn hay l mt thnh phn ca cu trc iu khin
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V d: Vit th
Task
Goals Vit 1 l th

Vit

In

...... .

...... .

Phng php, cng c, k thut

...... .

........

Nhim v c phn r

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CHNG III: THIT K TNG TC NGI DNG MY TNH

I. c trng II. Mc tiu thit k

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Quy trnh thit k h tng tc

Whats wanted ?
Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guidelines Principles Precise Specification

Design
Dialogs Notations

Prototype
Evaluation Heuristics

Implement and deploy

Architectures Documentations 80 Helps

I. c trng ca qu trnh thit k tng tc

Ngi dng thng xuyn can thip trong qu trnh thit k v pht trin sn phm mu. Cc yu mc tiu ca tnh dng c phi c nh ngha r rng, thng nht t khi bt u ca d n Vic lp cc bc trong qu trnh thit k iu khng th trnh khi

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II. Mc tiu ca thit k tng tc

Thit k m bo tnh dng c (Usability goals)
effective to use (effectiveness) efficient to use (efficiency) safe to use (safety) have good utility (utility) easy to learn (learnability) easy to remember how to use (memorability)

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II. Mc tiu ca thit k tng tc

Thit k ph hp vi kinh nghim ngi dng (User experience goals)
satisfying enjoyable fun entertaining helpful motivating aesthetically pleasing supportive of creativity rewarding emotionally fulfilling
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CHNG III: THIT K TNG TC NGI DNG MY TNH

I. Gii thiu chung II. Thit k lp III. Mu th

84

Thit k lp trong quy trnh thit k tng tc

Whats wanted ?
Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guidelines Principles Precise Specification

Design
Dialogs Notations

Prototype
Evaluation Heuristics

Implement and deploy

Architectures Documentations 85 Helps

Ti sao cn thit k lp ?
c t yu cu ngi dng thng him khi y Qu trnh c t yu cu thng din ra giai on u nn phi c hiu chnh trong lc thit k m bo cc c trng ca thit k phi
Xy dng Vi ngi dng thc Kim th nh gi Thit k cn phi c hiu chnh sa cc li pht hin c trong lc kim th

III. Mu th
Mu th: L s bt chc hay m phng mt s chc nng c trng ch khng phi ca mt h thng y (h thng c th cha tn ti) C 3 k thut mu th:
Tung ra (Throw away) Gia tng (Incremental) Tin ha (Evolutionary)

1. Mu th tung ra
c t s b Xy dng mu th nh gi mu th

Khng p ng

c t cui cng

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2. Mu th gia tng
Xc nh cc thnh phn

Xc nh yu cu Thit k kin trc Thit k chi tit

Ci t Tch hp

Khng Cung cp bn hin thi

H thng y

C
Cung cp h thng

Khai thc v bo tr
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3. Mu th kiu tin ha
Xc nh yu cu Thit k kin trc
Thit k chi tit

Xy dng mu th
Ci t
Tch hp

nh gi mu th

Khai thc v bo tr

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4. u im ca cc mu th
Lm mn c t Lm mn thit k Cho php so snh nh gi cc thit k Chng minh cho mt s tng C th p dng cho cc i tng: ngi dng, nh thit k, ...

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5. Hn ch ca cc mu th
Thi gian: Xy dng mu th cng cn c thi gian. Mu th kiu tung ra s lng ph v thi gian v tin bc. K hoch: Ngi qun l d n khng c kinh nghim lp mt k hoch hp l v chi ph cho qu trnh thit k. c trng phi chc nng: cc c trng phi chc nng nh tnh an ton, tin cy cn phi c m bo trong qu trnh thit k.

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CHNG IV: KIM TH V NH GI H TNG TC

I. M u
I. Khi nim II. Cc m thc nh gi

II. K hoch kim th III. nh gi h thng

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I. M u

Is the product any good ? Conduct tests with the real users

Lm sao bit h thng c chp nhn ?

Kim th cc chc nng hay nh gi tnh dng c ca h thng

Kim th (Testing):
Kim th chc nng ca h thng Xc nh v sa li m ngun, li logic, v.v. Cc k quan trng

nh gi (Evaluation): kim th tnh dng c ca h thng bit ngi dng c t c mc ch theo cc tiu ch sau hay khng:
Hiu qu Nng sut Hiu dng An ton Tha mn

1. Khi nim
nh gi l thu thp d liu kim tra v tnh dng c ca thit k nh gi khng phi l mt giai on trong thit k nh gi l nhim v trung tm ca vng i thit k v din ra trong sut vng i ca HCI Do khng th thc hin cc kim th thc nghim trong sut qu trnh thit k v th ta phi dng cc k thut phn tch / phi hnh thc

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2. Cc m thc nh gi
Quick and dirty: tranh lun khng chnh thc vi ngi dng vo bt c lc no, dng cc mu th. Ly phn hi t ngi dng hoc ngi t vn xc nhn rng tng ca nhm pht trin vn trng vi nhu cu ca ngi dng v c ngi dng a thch. Field studies: n ch ngi dng v phng vn, hay quan st ngi dng s dng giao din Ngi dng thng lm g Cng ngh nh hng n h nh th no

Usability testing: quan st ngi dng v ghi li hiu sut ca cc i tng ngi dng in hnh khi thc hin cc nhim v in hnh theo cc cu hnh ci t sn Gii thch ti sao ngi dng li lm nhng hnh ng (tnh hiu sut thi gian, xc nh li) Khuyn khch ngi dng cho kin (phng vn, bng cu hi)

Predictive: khng cn s c mt ca ngi dng (tin hnh bn pha pht trin) S dng hiu bit ca cc chuyn gia v cc i tng ngi dng in hnh d on cc vn v tnh dng c (heuristic evaluation). C th s dng cc cch tip cn thun ty l thuyt.

Cc m thc nh gi
Quick and dirty

Field studies

Quan st ngi dng

Experiences

Hi kin ngi dng Hi kin chuyn gia

User testings

Kim th hiu nng ngi dng

M hnh ha hiu nng thc hin cc nhim v ca ngi dng

Usability testing

Predictive

II. K hoch kim th

Mc ch kim th t vn / mc tiu kim th H s cc i tng tham gia (cc tiu ch cho php tham gia hay khng vo k hoch kim th) Phng php / k thut kim th Danh sch cc cng vic cn lm Mi trng v phng tin kim th Vai tr ca cc i tng tham gia thc nghim (monitor, coach etc.) Cc bin php nh gi c p dng (qualitative vs. quantitative, subjective vs. objective) Ni dung v cch trnh by bo co cho cc i tng khc nhau

III. nh gi h thng
nh gi m bo 3 nhim v chnh
Khng nh tnh m rng ca cc chc nng
H thng phi c kh nng p ng cc nhim v t ra mt cch d dng nh gi kh nng s dng ca h thng so vi nhu cu ca ngi dng

Khng nh tnh hiu qu trong giao tip i vi ngi dng

o m s nh hng ca h thng i vi ngi dng Tnh d hc, d dng, d nh, v.v.

Xc nh mt s vn c bit ny sinh trong qu trnh s dng

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Phn loi
Phn chia theo iu kin mi trng ni tin hnh nh gi
nh gi trong phng th nghim nh gi thc a

Phn chia theo thi gian, vng i ca qu trnh thit k

nh gi thit k nh gi ci t

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1. nh gi trong phng th nghim

Din ra trong phng th nghim Dng trong qu trnh thit k Ngi nh gi mun thc hin mt s khng nh m khng cn n ngi dng Ngi dng cng c th tham gia vo qu trnh nh gi nu mun

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nh gi trong phng th nghim

iu kin khch quan Thiu ng cnh, iu kin khng t nhin, khng c tht Giao tip khng t nhin Cn thit khi mi trng thc a khng cho php (trm v tr, ni nguy him) Mun pht hin mt s vn , mt s th tc t dng hoc so snh cc thit k khc nhau th y l cch thc tt nht

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2. nh gi ti ch
c tin hnh vi s tham gia ca ngi dng Din ra trong giai on thit k hay ci t c din ra trong mi trng ngi dng nhm nh gi h thng trong hot ng v trng thi ca ngi dng C nhiu yu t b nh hng: ting n, chuyn ng, ngi qua li, v.v. gy mt tp trung Bn cht t nhin, cho php quan st c s tng tc ca h thng v ngi dng, ci m ta khng quan st c trong PTN Do c s hin din ca ngi nh gi m ngi dng c th mt tp trung, khng t nhin
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3. nh gi thit k
Vic nh gi thc hin ngay trong qu trnh thit k Nhng nh gi u tin v h thng nn c thc hin trc khi h thng c ci t Nu trong giai on ny, nh nh gi li s c pht hin sm trnh nhng nh hng ng tic, gim chi ph chnh sa

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4. nh gi ci t
nh gi c s hin din ca ngi dng v h thng c ci t C th s dng cc k thut
nh gi thc nghim K thut quan st K thut hi p

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PHN II: QUY TRNH THIT K H TNG TC

I. II. III. IV.

Gii thiu chung c t yu cu v phn tch nhim v Thit k tng tc ngi dng my tnh Kim th tnh dng c v nh gi h thng V. Qun l h thng tng tc
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Khai thc v bo tr
Khai thc: gip ngi dng lm vic vi h thng c xy dng Bo tr:
Cc nhim v nhm gi cho h thng hot ng lin tc, bt k cc thao tc no nhm ci thin h thng, thay i, thm vo do ngi dng yu cu Cc li pht hin c s c lu li ci thin h thng trong tng lai Cc phn hi t pha ngi dng v cc chc nng v phi chc nng c ghi nhn

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