TNG QUAN H THNG TRM GC

1. Kin trc h thng GSM.....................................................................................2

1.1. Gii thiu.................................................................................................................3
1.2. H thng chuyn mch (SS).....................................................................................3
1.3. H thng trm gc (BSS).........................................................................................3
1.4. H thng vn hnh v h tr (OSS).........................................................................4

2. Kin trc h thng trm gc...............................................................................4

2.1. BSC v TRC ...........................................................................................................4
2.2. TRC..........................................................................................................................5
2.3. B iu khin trm gc (BSC).................................................................................6
2.3.1. Qun l mng v tuyn......................................................................................6
2.3.2. Qun l RBS......................................................................................................6
2.3.3. X l TRC..........................................................................................................6
2.3.4. Qun l mng truyn dn..................................................................................6
2.3.5. X l cc kt ni MS..........................................................................................7
2.4. Trm gc v tuyn (RBS)........................................................................................8

3. Cc giao din BSS...............................................................................................9

3.1. Giao din A..............................................................................................................9
3.2. Giao din A-TER...................................................................................................10
3.3. Giao din A-bis......................................................................................................11
3.4. Giao din v tuyn.................................................................................................11
3.4.1. Bng tn..........................................................................................................12
3.4.2. Cc knh trong giao tip v tuyn...................................................................12
3.4.3. X l bo hiu.................................................................................................14
3.4.4. iu chnh (Equalizer)....................................................................................16
3.4.5. Mt m ha.....................................................................................................16
3.4.6. lch knh truyn.........................................................................................17
3.4.7. Nhy tn..........................................................................................................17
3.5. Phn tp anten........................................................................................................18
3.6. T chc cm..........................................................................................................19
3.6.1. Cm thng (NB Normal Burst)......................................................................20
3.6.2. Cm hiu chnh tn s (FB Frequency Correction Burst)...............................20
3.6.3. Cm ng b (SB Synchronization Burst).......................................................20
3.6.4. Cm truy xut (AB Access Burst)...................................................................20
3.6.5. Cm gi...........................................................................................................21

3.7. Mi quan h gia cm v khung............................................................................21

4. Mng truyn dn...............................................................................................22

4.1. Cu hnh ca mng.................................................................................................23
Mng chui, mng sao v mng cy.........................................................................23
Mng vng................................................................................................................23
Mng mesh................................................................................................................23
4.2. MINI DXC.............................................................................................................23
Xy dng mng ........................................................................................................24
5.3. DXX.......................................................................................................................26
Tng quan.................................................................................................................26
Xy dng mng.........................................................................................................26
5.4. MINI-LINK............................................................................................................27
Tng quan.................................................................................................................27
Xy dng mng.........................................................................................................28

1. Kin trc h thng GSM

1.1. Gii thiu

H thng GSM ca Ericsson l mt h thng in thoi di ng gm 3 bng tn 900,
1800, 1900. Mng GSM chia lm 3 phn chnh: h thng chuyn mch (SS), h thng
trm gc (BSS), h thng h tr v vn hnh (OSS).

1.2. H thng chuyn mch (SS)

MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center) cc MSC trong mng GSM da trn cng
ngh AXE, bao gm nhiu module. MSC thc hin chc nng chuyn mch, iu khin
cc cuc gi n v i cc h thng khc. N cng c cc chc nng nh: qun l cc
ph thu bao, giao tip mng, bo hiu knh chung,
GMSC (Gateway MSC) c dng kt ni 2 mng vi nhau.
HLR (Home Location Register) thanh ghi nh v thng tr l mt c s d liu lu
tr v qun l cc thng tin ca thu bao di ng, nh l lch s dch v thu bao, thng
tin v tr v tnh trng hot ng.
VLR (Visistor Location Register) thanh ghi nh v tm tr l c s d liu cha cc
thng tin thu bao tm thi nh v tr hin ti ca thu bao, trng thi ca thu bao
VLR lun c tch hp vi MSC. Khi mt MS i vo mt vng MSC mi, VLR m
c kt ni vi MSC s yu cu d liu v MS t HLR. Sau nu MS thc hin
mt cuc gi, lc VLR c nhng thng tin cn thit cho vic thit lp cuc gi m
khng cn phi tha hip vi HLR.
AUC (Authentication Center) trung tm nhn thc. AUC kt hp vi HLR cung cp
cho VLR nhn thc mt MS c quyn truy xut vo mng hay khng.
EIR (Equipment Identity Register) thanh ghi nhn dng thit b. EIR l c s d liu
cha thng tin v nhn dng thit b di ng. AUC v EIR c th l tng node ring hoc
c kt hp thnh node AUC/EIR.
DTI (Data Transmission Interworking Unit) cha c phn cng v phn mm, cung
cp cc kt ni n cc mng khc nhau truyn d liu. Thng qua DTI, user c th
thay i gia thoi v d liu trong cng mt cuc gi.
ILR (Interworking Location Register) ch c trong mng GSM 1900. Nh ILR bn
c th roam trong c 2 mng l AMPS v GSM 1900.
Cc thnh phn khc: MXE (Message Center), MIN (Mobile Intelligence Node),
BGW (Billing Gateway), SOG (Service Order Gateway).

1.3. H thng trm gc (BSS)

Cc chc nng lin quan n v tuyn c thc hin BSS. BSS cha cc thnh
phn.
TRC (Transcoder Controller) cung cp kh nng thch ng tc dnh cho BSS. Tc
bit ca knh truyn s gim t 64kbit/s xung cn 16kbit/s. iu ny s tit kim cc
ng kt ni gia MSC n BSC.
BSC (Base Station Controller) qun l tt c cc chc nng lin quan n v tuyn
ca mng GSM. N l mt b chuyn mch dung lng cao cung cp cc chc nng nh
chuyn giao MS, cp knh v tuyn v thu thp cc thng tin cu hnh cell. Nhiu BSC
c iu khin bi mt MSC.

RBS (Radio Base Station) x l cc giao tip v tuyn n MS. Mt RBS c th

phc v 1, 2 hoc 3 cell. Nhiu RBS c iu khin bi mt BSC. Ericsson c 2 dng
RBS l RBS 200 v RBS 2000.

1.4. H thng vn hnh v h tr (OSS)

OSS l s ci tin t OMC ca Ericsson. OSS c 2 chc nng: l trung tm qun l
mng NMC (Network Management Center) v cc trung tm vn hnh v bo dng
OMC (Operation and Maintenance Centers).

2. Kin trc h thng trm gc

2.1. BSC v TRC
BSC/TRC: BSC v TRC c kt hp trn cng AXE. K thut ny thch hp cho
mng dung ln va v ln. Mi node c th x l ln n 1,020 b thu pht (TRX), v h
tr 15 BSC u xa.
BSC v TRC ng c lp nhau: k thut ny dnh cho dung lng thp v va.

2.2. TRC

Hai chc nng chnh ca TRC l chuyn m v thc hin thch ng tc .

Chuyn m: bin i t m PCM sang m thoi GSM. Chc nng ny cng c
thc hin c MS v BSS.
Thch ng tc : chuyn i tc 64kbit/s thnh 16kbit/s MSC/VLR truyn
n BSC.
Trong h thng GSM ca Ericsson, TRC cha c n v chuyn m v thch ng tc
nn c gi l TRAU (Transcoder and Rate Adaption Unit).
Cc n v chc nng ca TRC

GS (Group Switch) chuyn mch nhm

ETC (Exchange Terminal Circuit) mch kt cui tng i
CP (Central Processor) b x l trung tm
ST-7 (Signaling Terminal #7) kt cui bo hiu s 7
RP (Regional Processor) b x l b phn
SP (Support Procesor) b x l h tr

SRS (SubRate Switch)

TRAU n v chuyn m v thch ng tc

2.3. B iu khin trm gc (BSC)

Cc chc nng ca BSC:
- Qun l mng v tuyn
- Qun l RBS
- iu khin TRC
- Qun l mng truyn dn
- Vn hnh v bo tr trong BSC
- X l cc kt ni ca MS
2.3.1. Qun l mng v tuyn
Qun l d liu mng v tuyn
D liu cell (s nhn dng cell, th t knh BCCH, cng sut ng ra ln nht, nh
nht trong cell, cc loi RBS).
D liu thng tin h thng.
D liu v v tr
D liu chia s ti cell v d nh cc thng s chuyn giao trc khi cell b nghn.
Xc nh lu lng v s kin (s cuc gi c tin hnh, nghn, mc lu lng
dnh cho mt cell, mc lu lng dnh cho mt MS, s lng chuyn giao, s lng kt
ni khng c thc hin...)
Xc nh knh ri: RBS thu thp cc thng s t MS v cht lng v tnh trng ca
tn hiu. Nhng thng s ny sau c dng trong sut qu trnh cp knh, m mt
knh vi nhiu thp s c cp cho mt cuc gi.
2.3.2. Qun l RBS
Cu hnh RBS: Cp tn s v nh mc cng sut cho mi cell.
X l phn mm RBS: iu khin vic ti cc chng trnh phn mm.
Bo dng thit b RBS: Cc li c RBS c ghi li v theo di lin tc.
2.3.3. X l TRC
Mc d cc thit b TRAU t TRC, nhng BSC mi l thnh phn iu phi ti
nguyn ca TRAU dnh cho mt cuc gi.
Trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi, BSC s iu khin TRC xc nh thit b TRA
n cuc gi. Nu mt TRA sn sng, TRC s xc nhn v tr ca thit b TRA. Thit b
TRA c xem l di quyn iu khin ca BSC trong sut cuc gi.
2.3.4. Qun l mng truyn dn
BSC ng vai tr qun tr, gim st, kim tra, xc nh li ca cc kt ni n RBS.
BSC cu hnh, phn phi v gim st cc mch 64kbits/s ca cc kt ni PCM n RBS.
N cng iu khin trc tip mt thit b chuyn mch u xa trong RBS, cho php ti u
ha cc mch 64kbits/s.
2.3.5. Vn hnh v bo tr trong BSC

Bo tr TRH: vic qun tr, gim st v kim tra cc b x l thu pht TRH
(Transceiver Handler) c thc hin trong BSC.
iu khin ti x l trong BSC: Trong trng hp nu ti x l qu nhiu cuc gi
th yu cu thi gian thc s khng c m bo. trnh iu ny, mt s cuc gi
buc phi b t chi. Cn cc cuc gi c chp nhn th s c cung cp y
cc dch v m khng b nh hng trong trng hp qu ti.
2.3.5. X l cc kt ni MS
Thit lp cuc gi
- Tm gi: BSC gi cc bn tin tm gi n cc RBS trong LA c m t. Tt c
MS trong LA ny s nhn c bn tin ny tm gi nhng ch c MS b gi mi
phc p thng bo ny.
- Thit lp bo hiu: trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi, vic kt ni MS c truyn
trn knh SDCCH.
- Cp knh lu lng: sau khi cp knh SDCCH, th tc thit lp cuc gi tip tc
vi vic cp mt knh lu lng TCH. BSC chc nng gim st knh v tuyn
c thng bo rng MS xin c cp mt knh v tuyn, mt knh s c cp
cho MS. Nu tt c cc knh TCH trong cell u b chim gi, mt knh TCH ca
cell k cn s c dng.
Trong sut cuc gi
- iu khin cng sut MS v RBS: BSC tnh ton cng sut ng ra thch hp ca
MS v BTS da trn cc thng s nhn c t ng hng ln v ng
hng xung. Vic iu khin cng sut sau s c gi n BTS v MS sau
mi 480ms duy tr cht lng kt ni.
- nh v tr: chc nng nh v tr tnh ton lin tc kt ni v tuyn n MS, sau
nu cn c th ngh MS chuyn giao n cell khc. Vic quyt nh ny da
trn kt qu o c t MS v BTS.
- Chuyn giao: Nu chc nng nh v tr yu cu chuyn giao th BSC sau s
quyt nh cell c chuyn giao v bt u th tc chuyn giao.
- Nhy tn: gm 2 loi
o Nhy bng c bn: c thc hin gia cc khe thi gian trong mt knh
tn s.
o Nhy synthesizer: nhy tn trn 2 knh tn s khc nhau.
Mc ch ca nhy tn:
- Ci thin cht lng thoi.
- Gim nhiu ng knh cho tt c cc kt ni trong mng.

2.4. Trm gc v tuyn (RBS)

DXU (Distribution Switch Unit) n v chuyn mch phn phi cung cp kt ni n

giao din A-bis v c dng kt ni cho cc khe thi gian n b thu pht. DXU
cng cung cp tham s ng h chun i vi hot ng ca RBS.
TRU (Transceiver Unit) n v thu pht .
CDU (Combining and Distribution Unit) n v phn phi v kt hp chu trch
nhim kt hp cc tn hiu t cc b thu pht v kt hp tn hiu nhn c n cc b
thu pht.
ECU (Energy Control Unit) gim st v iu khin thit b cng sut (PSU) v lm
mt trong cabinet.
PSU (Power Supply Unit) n v cp ngun.

3. Cc giao din BSS

3.1. Giao din A

Giao din A cung cp 2 loi thng tin l bo hiu v lu lng gia MSC v BSS.
Thoi c chuyn m TRC, bo hiu s 7 n BSC qua TRC hoc i trn mt ng
lin kt ring.

3.2. Giao din A-TER

Giao din ny kt ni TRC v BSC. TRC thoi c chuyn m t 64kbit/s thnh
16kbit/s (13kbit/s thng tin thoi v 3kbit/s thng tin bo hiu trong bng).

3.3. Giao din A-bis

Giao din A-bis truyn thng tin lu lng v bo hiu gia BSC v BTS. Giao thc
c s dng truyn cc bn tin bo hiu l giao thc truy cp lin kt trn knh D
hay cn gi l LAPD.

LAPD cung cp cc loi tn hiu:

- LAPD khng tp trung khng m bo s truyn thnh cng thng tin ny n
ngi nhn.
- LAPD tp trung c th dnh cho tt c cc cell, nhng ch nn dng trong trng
hp c 3 TRU hoc nhiu hn (i vi cell c 1 n 2 TRU, a hp LAPD cung
cp vic truyn A-bis hiu sut nht). Vi LAPD tp trung, mi TRU cn 2,25
khe thi gian. V vy c th c ti 13 TRU trn ng PCM 2M (E1).
- a hp LAPD c dng cho tt c cc cell nh c t 1-2 TRU.

3.4. Giao din v tuyn

Giao din ny dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA)
truyn nhn thng tin lu lng v bo hiu gia BTS v MS.

3.4.1. Bng tn
Uplink
Downlin
k

GSM 900
GSM 1800
GSM 1900
890 915 MHz 1710 1785 MHz 1850 1910 MHz
935 960 MHz 1805 1880 MHz 1930 1990 MHz

Tc bit l 270kbps.
Khong cch gia 2 tn s trong cng mt knh 45MHz (GSM 900), 95MHz (GSM
1800) v 80 MHz (GSM 1900).
rng knh l 200 kHz.
Phng thc iu ch c dng l GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying).
3.4.2. Cc knh trong giao tip v tuyn
Knh vt l c dng mang thng tin gia MS v BTS. Cc loi thng tin khc
nhau trn knh vt l c phn chia thnh cc knh logic.
Knh logic chia thnh 2 loi tng qut: knh lu lng (traffic channel) v knh iu
khin (control channel). Cc loi knh ny li chia thnh cc knh khc nhau nh s :

Cc knh iu khin
Knh iu khin mang thng tin bo hiu c dng bi MS xc nh RBS, t
ng b vi RBS, v nhn thng tin c yu cu thc hin cuc gi. Knh iu khin
c chia lm 3 nhm: nhm knh iu khin qung b, nhm knh iu khin chung, v
nhm knh iu khin dnh ring.
Nhm knh qung b (BCH Broadcast Channel)
Tt c knh qung b c truyn im a im trn ng xung.
Knh hiu chnh tn s (FCCH Frequency Correction CHannel) mang thng tin
hiu chnh tn s cho cc MS.
Knh ng b (SCH Synchronization CHannel) cha m xc inh trm gc (BSIC)
v th t khung TDMA ng b MS n cu trc khung ca BTS khc.
Knh iu khin qung b (BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel) qung b cc
thng tin chung v cell n tt c MS.
Nhm knh iu khin chung (CCCH Common Control Channels)
Tt c cc knh iu khin chung c truyn im im.
Knh truy xut ngu nhin (RACH Random Access CHannel) c MS s dng
yu cu cu truy xut vo h thng. Thng tin RACH c truyn trn ng ln.
Knh tm gi (PCH Paging CHannel) knh ny c s dng cho ng xung
tm trm di ng khi thu bao b gi.
Knh cho php truy xut (AGCH Access Grant CHannel) knh ny c s dng
cho ng xung ch nh mt knh SDCCH cho MS.
Nhm knh iu khin dnh ring (DCCH Dedicated Control CHannels)

Cc knh iu khin dnh ring c truyn im im trn c ng ln v ng

xung.
Knh iu khin dnh ring chun (SDCCH Stand alone Dedicated Control
CHannel) mang thng tin bo hiu trong sut qu trnh thit lp trc khi n nh knh
TCH.
Knh iu khin kt hp chm (SACCH Slow Associated Control CHannel) truyn
d liu iu khin cuc gi v cc bn bo co o lng.
Knh iu khin kt hp nhanh (FACCH Fast Associated Control CHannel) mang
thng tin bo hiu khn cp.
Knh iu khin kt hp l nh th no? Kt hp vi ci g?
Knh lu lng (TCH)
Cc knh lu lng mang thng tin thoi hoc d liu. C 2 loi knh lu lng:
knh lu lng ton tc v knh lu lng bn tc.
Knh lu lng ton tc x l thoi hoc d liu c m ha. Thng tin TCH
c truyn tc 33,8 kbps.

Knh lu lng bn tc, mi MS ch s dng mt na khe thi gian. V vy 2 MS c

th dng cng mt knh vt l, dn n dung lng knh tng ln gp i.

3.4.3. X l bo hiu
M ha thoi
Thoi c m ha PCM i vo TRC hoc BSC/TRC qua giao din A trn ng
64kbps. 8 knh thoi to thnh tc bit 512 kbps qua giao din v tuyn. Thit b
TRAU trong TRC hoc BSC/TRC chia tn hiu thoi c m ha thnh tng on c
chiu di 20ms. Cc on ny s c a vo b m ha thoi. B m ha thoi s phn
tch cc on v thc hin vic gim tc bit. Ng ra l tn hiu thoi c m ha tc
13kbps vi cht lng thoi chp nhn c. Tn hiu bo hiu trong bng 3kbps
c cng vi tn hiu 13kbps thnh tn hiu 16kbps.

M ha knh
M ha knh c dng pht hin v sa li trong qu trnh truyn tn hiu.
M ha knh c thc hin trong TRU dnh cho tn hiu hng xung v trong
thit b di ng cho tn hiu hng ln. C 2 loi m ha knh c dng l: m knh v
m xon.
B m ha thoi chia tn hiu thoi cc on c chiu di 20ms, mi on 20ms cha
260 bit thng tin. 260 bit c chia thnh cc loi bit:
- 50 bit rt quan trng.
- 132 bit quan trng.
- 78 bit khng quan trng.
3 bit chn l CRC c cng vi khi 50 bit (50 bit ny c m ha khi). 53 bit
ny cng vi 132 bit quan trng v 4 bit ui tip tc c m ha xon thnh 378 bit
(tc 1:2). Nhng bit cn li th khng c m ha.

Ghp xen
Cc bit li thng xy ra thnh tng cm do hin tng fading. M ha knh ch hiu
qu nht khi pht hin v sa cc li ngu nhin n l. Qu trnh ghp xen s gii quyt
vn ny bng cch chia khi bn tin cn gi thnh cc cm ngn ri hon v cm ny
vi cc cm ca khi bn tin khc. iu ny s gii quyt cc vn gy ra bi cc cm
nhiu. Trong GSM, ghp xen thc hin theo 2 bc:
Bc 1:
Cc bit sau khi m ha knh c chiu di 456 bit c t chc li v c ghp xen
theo 8 na cm. Mi bn cm cha 57 bit.

Bc 2:
Trong mt cm bnh thng, c 2 bit trng. Bc 2 ca ghp xen mang 8 khi 57 bit
c truyn v t chng vo 8 cm khc nhau.
3.4.4. iu chnh (Equalizer)
ng truyn v tuyn do nh hng phn x t nhiu vt khc nhau (fading nhiu
tia) dn n giao thoa gia cc k hiu ISI (Inter-Symbol-Interference) gy ra li bit.
Bng cch da vo s khc nhau ca chui bit hng dn trong cm thu c v chui
hng dn chun th my thu s xc lp c hm truyn ca mi trng. T c th
to ra hm truyn ngc. Tip tc cho cm thu c qua hm truyn ngc ta s thu
c cm khng b nhiu.
Hnh v
3.4.5. Mt m ha
Mt m ha l k thut c dng gim thiu s can thip ca ngi th 3 m
khng c php. Mt m ha l s kt hp chui tn hiu cn truyn vi mt chui tn
hiu ngu nhin. MS v BTS u bit chui ngu nhin ny, do vy khi chui kt hp

ny n cc MS th ch MS c m ph hp mi gii m c. Thut ton A5/1 v A5/2 l

hai thut ton m ha c dng trong GSM.
3.4.6. lch knh truyn
Cu trc ca knh hng xung v knh hng ln l ging nhau. S khc nhau duy
nht l lch v thi gian, lch ny l 3 khe thi gian. iu ny c ngha l my di
ng s khng truyn v nhn cng thi im.

3.4.7. Nhy tn
Nhy tn l khi tn s v tuyn ca knh vt l ca mt cuc m thoi thay i theo
chu k. V d trong khung TDMA th N, tn s C1 c s dng, trong khung TDMA
th N+1, tn s C2 c s dng. Cuc gi s dng cng khe thi gian nhng thay i
tn s theo cc kiu khc nhau. C 64 kiu nhy tn. Mt l vng trn v 63 kiu cn li
l th t ngu nhin.

C 2 loi nhy tn c p dng trong RBS 2000, nhy kt hp (synthesizer

hopping) v nhy bng gc (baseband hopping).

3.5. Phn tp anten

Phn tp anten l phng php s dng hai anten thu hoc pht (hoc nhiu hn)
truyn dn ng thi cng mt tn hiu trn cng mt knh v tuyn. Phng php phn
tp anten s gip gim nh hng ca hin tng fading.

Phn tp khng gian: Khong cch gia 2 anten phi c chn sao cho cc tn
hiu ring bit khng tng quan vi nhau. Tng quan l s ging nhau ca 2 tn hiu.
Trong thc t, khong cch c chn l vi mt. tn s 900MHz, t c khong
3dB th khong cch phi l 5m n 6m. tn s 1800Mhz, khong cch c th ngn
hn bi v bc sng gim.
Polarization Diversity: A dual-polarized antenna is an antenna device with two
arrays within the same physical unit. The two arrays can be designed and oriented in
different ways as long as the two polarization planes have equal performance with respect
to gain and radiation patterns. The two most common types are vertical/horizontal arrays
and arrays in +/-45 degree slant orientation.

3.6. T chc cm
Thng tin cha trong mt khe thi gian ca mt khung TDMA qua giao tip v tuyn
oc gi l mt cm. TRU (trong RBS) v MS thc hin chc nng t thng tin truyn
vo trong cm thch hp. C 5 loi cm:
- Cm thng (Normal Burst)
- Cm hiu chnh tn s (Frequency Correction Burst)
- Cm ng b (Synchronization Burst)
- Cm truy xut (Access Burst)
- Cm gi (Dummy Burst)

3.6.1. Cm thng (NB Normal Burst)

Cm thng mang thng tin trn knh lu lng v knh iu khin: BCCH, PCH,
AGCH, SDCCH, SACCH, v FACCH.

TB (Tail Bit): cc bit ui v chng lun l 000 c dng gip b iu chnh ch

ra cc im u v im cui.
TS (Traning Sequence): chui hng dn cha 26 bit. Mc ch xc nh khe thi
gian v gip my thu thc hin iu chnh tn hiu thu.
Mi khe thi gian c th cha 156,25 bit nhng cm ch cha 148 bit, 8,25 bit cn li
trng v c gi l thi gian bo v. Thi gian bo v c dng bo v cm khng
b chng lp ln nhau.
3.6.2. Cm hiu chnh tn s (FB Frequency Correction Burst)
Cm ny cha 142 bit c nh lm tn hiu iu khin, cc bit khi to v kt thc
cm l 3 bit. Cm ny c s dng cho knh FCCH (knh hiu chnh tn s).

3.6.3. Cm ng b (SB Synchronization Burst)

Cm ny c s dng ng b thi gian cho MS. Cm ng b c s dng
truyn knh SCH (knh ng b).

3.6.4. Cm truy xut (AB Access Burst)

Cm truy xut c s dng truyn knh RACH (knh truy xut ngu nhin).

GP (Guard Part): phn bo v.

Cm ny c chu k bo v di hn lm g?

3.6.5. Cm gi
Cm gi c t chc ging nh cm thng nhng thng tin trong cm gi l thng
tin gi, s dng cc bit hn hp, v trong cm gi th khng c bit c. c s dng
trong cc khe thi gian ri.

3.7. Mi quan h gia cm v khung

Cu trc khung TDMA giao tip v tuyn bt u vi cc cm v t xy dng
thnh siu khung (hyperframe):
- Mt khung TDMA cha 8 khe thi gian. Mi khe thi gian mang mt cm duy
nht.
- 26 khung TDMA knh lu lng kt hp thnh mt a khung knh lu lng:
c dng mang cc knh TCH, SACCH, v FACCH.
- 51 khung TDMA knh iu khin kt hp thnh mt a khung knh iu khin:
c dng mang cc knh BCCH, CCCH, SDCCH, v SACCH.
- Mt khung lm (superframe) cha 51 a khung knh lu lng v 26 a khung
knh iu khin.
- Siu khung (hyperframe) cha 2048 khung ln.

4. Mng truyn dn
Mt mng truyn dn tin cy v n nh l iu quan trng i vi s hot ng ca
mng. Mt s thit b truyn dn ca Ericsson:
MINI-DXC (Mini Digital Cross Connector): x l cc mng truy nhp nh.
DXX (Digital Cross Connector): dng xy dng cc mng ng trc (backbone) xung n cc mng truy nhp nh.
MINI-LINK: Mt lin kt v tuyn dng xy dng cc mng ln m khng
dng bt k cp no gia cc thnh phn mng.

4.1. Cu hnh ca mng

Mng chui, mng sao v mng cy

Cu hnh mng c bn l mng chui. Bng vic m rng mng chui th c th hnh
thnh nn mng sao v mng cy. Cu trc mng sao, mng chui v mng cy l cu
trc tp trung.
Mng vng
Mc ch chnh ca mng vng l ti u ha mng c dng trong trng hp cn
bo v v d phng cao.
Mng mesh
Mng mesh l mt trng hp c bit do mng vng, mng sao v mng chui gp
li. Trong cc mng gm nhiu dch v th cu trc mng mesh c th dng tp hp
hoc tch cc dch v c truyn ti trn mt lin kt chung.

4.2. MINI DXC

MINI-DXC tp hp lu lng mng nhm tit kim chi ph ng truyn E1/T1 v
chi ph cc thit b. MINI-DXC nm trn bo mch (board) c thit k va vi cc
gi (rack) ca h thng khc.
Trn hnh l mt RBS 2101 c th t cc bo mch (board) MINI-DXC.

TNMS (Transport Node Management System) l mt h thng qun l node. TNMS

c th chy trong ch cc b qun l cc thnh phn MINI-DXC, hoc ch tp
trung qun l mng gm cc node MINI-DXC.
Xy dng mng
Hnh di s gii thch ti sao v lm th no mng MINI-DXC c tch hp. Gi
s rng khng c b b tp trung hoc a hp LAPD.

Li ch ca vic dng MINI-DXC

Dng MINI-DXC c 3 sn phm chnh l: MINI-DXC/E1, MINI-DXC/T1, v

TNMS.

5.3. DXX
Tng quan
Mng DXX ca Ericsson bao gm cc node kt ni chuyn mch v cc modem truy
nhp truyn ti tn hiu s, n c th l node truy nhp tc 2Mbps cho n node
truy nhp SDH tc cao 155Mbps. Mt node DXX c th l mt b a hp s hoc b
kt ni cho s vi nhiu giao tip knh. B kt ni cho bao gm cc loi giao din:
trung k - trung k, trung k - knh, knh knh. Cc kt ni knh l loi kt ni bn
thng trc, chng c th c cu hnh li mt cch linh ng vi s tr gip ca h
thng NMS. Cc kt ni im im, im a im u c h tr. Bi v c nhiu
kt ni giao tip khc nhau, loi thit b ny thng c xem nh l mt a hp linh
ng hay cn gi l flexmux.
Xy dng mng

5.4. MINI-LINK
Tng quan
ng v tuyn MINI-LINK gp phn pht trin mng vin thng din rng nhanh
v hiu qu. MINI-LINK l mt cch l tng i vi vic cung cp cc lin kt dung
lng va cho cc mng tm thi hoc thng trc, mng vin thng c nh hoc di
ng. MINI-LINK c 3 phin bn, chng lm vic tng t nhau nhng c dung lng
v bng tn khc nhau nh hnh di. Cc phin bn l:
- MK II (phin bn c)
- MINI-LINK C
- MINI-LINK E

Xy dng mng