Phn 1 - Nhc L Cn Bn

Chng ti s ch nhc li mt s khi nim cn thit.

Bn c th tham kho thm y.

Cc nt nhc c cao khc nhau m ngi ta thng dng l : DO, RE, MI, FA, SO
La-tinh, c theo ting Vit l , R, M, FA, XON, LA, XI.

ghi trng tng i gia cc m thanh, ngi ta dng cc du nhc vi 7 hn

Du trn, du trng, du en, du mc n, du mc i, du mc ba, du m

Du
Du
Du
Du
Du
Du

trn lu bng 2 du trng

trng lu bng 2 du en
en lu bng 2 du mc n
mc n lu bng 2 du mc i
mc i lu bng 2 du mc ba
mc ba lu bng 2 du mc t

Du lng : l nhng k hiu cho bit phi ngng, khng din tu m thanh trong m
Cc du lng trong thi gian tng ng vi dng du nhc no, th cng c tn gi t

Du chm : l k hiu i sau du nhc, hoc du lng, c gi tr bng na trng

V d :

Kho nhc : dng xc nh tn cc du nhc ghi trn khung nhc. Kho nhc
khung nhc. C 3 loi chnh l kho Sol, kho Fa v kho Do, nhng c l bn ch c

l .

Du thng : (#) lm tng ln na cung.

Du ging : (b) lm gim xung na cung.

y bn ch cn lu mt iu l khi cc du ho ny (thng, ging) th cc nt nh

khe c du ho u bin i.

Cc nt nhc:

Phn 2 - Cu to cy n Guitar
Phn 2 - Cu to cy n Guitar

1. Headstock (u n)
2. Nut (lc n)
3. Machine heads (b trc ln dy n hoc nhng cht chnh dy)
4. Frets (nhng phm n)
5. Truss rod
6. Inlays
7. Neck (cn n)
8. Heel (acoustic or Spanish), neckjoint (electric)
9. Body (thn n)
10.
Pickups (b phn cm ng m thanh)
11.
Electronics (in t)
12.
Bridge (nga n)
13.
Pickguard
14.
Back (mt sau)
15.
Soundboard (top)
16.
Body sides (ribs)

17.
18.
19.
20.

Sound hole, with rosette inlay (l thot m)

Strings (nhng dy n)
Saddle (lng nga n)
Fretboard or fingerboard (bn phm)

Source: wikipedia
K hiu dy n v ngn tay phi:

Phn 3 - Cch cm n
Phn 3 - Cch cm n
V tr t cy n khi ngi:

V tr tay phi:

V tr tay tri:

Phn 4 - Cch ln dy n
Phn 4 - Cch ln dy n

Ln dy n da vo thnh gic l chnh. Dng dng c mu hoc khng, hay bn cn

thanh mu nh video bn di. Thng thng ln dy s 5 - La theo m thanh mu t
cn thc t th bn c theo cm tnh thi, dn dn s quen. Sau theo hnh v bn
giy cho cc dy cn li. V d bm vo phm 5 ca dy s 5 ta c nt Re, dng nt n
4...

Phn 5 - Hp m
Phn 5 - Hp m

Bn cn lm quen vi cy Guitar, quen vi cc nt nhc, quen nhn cc bn nhc sau

hc Hp m v cc iu m ht. ng nn nng, thi gian u 4 u ngn tay tr
ng nn nghe bn, ri s quen thi.

 c th m ht bn cn bit hp m v iu nhc. Bn tham kho thm v hp m

hp m 3.

Hp m:
- Hp m l tp hp cc m thanh theo mt trt t nht nh. Hp m v iu nhc l
trong vn m ht.
- C rt nhu hp m , y ta ch xt cc loai c bn, thng s dng nhiu nht t
- Vic p dng hp m no m ht cn ph thuc vo ging ca ngi ht (ng
nhc hay cung nhc).
- Ngi ta dng Ch ci k hiu cho Hp m trng. C = Do trng, D= Re trng
trng, G= Sol trng, A= La trng, B= Si trng.
- Ch ci thm ch "m" pha sau ngi ta gi l hp m th. Cm= Do th, Dm= Re th
Fa th, Gm= Sol th, Am= La th, Bm= Si th.
- Ch ci thm s "7" pha sau ngi ta gi l hp m by . C7= Do by, D7= Re by
by, G7= Sol by, A7= La by, B7= Si by.

Bng di y l mt s hp m chnh, c l thi gian u nh vy l , ch yu b

trng, th v by, sau ny bn c th tm hiu thm.

Bn c th tham kho y thc hnh. Phn sau cc bn s tham kho mt vi

v dng Bolero chng hn : Chachacha cng thuc dng Bolero nhng tit tu nhanh
vy, t n gin, bn c th tng hoc gim tit tu thay i iu nhc. Tm

1. Dng SLOW : Gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) . Ty tc nhanh
cc nhp iu sau y: Slow, Slow Fox, Blues, Swing, March , Fox trot, One Step, Two
Boogie Woogie (Jive)
2. Dng VALSE : Gm nhng bi nhp l (3/4 v) . Ty n nhanh chm m ta s c
Valse Musette, Serenade....

3. Dng Rumba: Gm c nhng iu nh : Rumba, Bolero, Chachacha...

4. Cc iu khc
Phn 6 - iu Rumba
Phn 6 - iu Rumba
iu RumBa:

Phn 7 - iu Bolero
Phn 7 - iu Bolero
iu Bolero:

Phn 8 - iu Waltz
Phn 8 - iu Waltz(Valse)
iu Waltz:

Phn 9 - iu Rumba Flamenca

Phn 9 - iu Rumba Flamenca
iu Rumba:

Phn 10 - iu Slow
Phn 10 - iu Slow. Chi theo kiu ri hp m Arpeggio
iu Slow:

Phn 11 - S dng TAB

Phn 11 - S dng TAB

Tablature - TAB: C rt nhiu cch s dng bn nhc, trong 2 cch c bn l dn

thuc nh bn thy bao gm 5 dng k, kho nhc, cc nt nhc, v cch th 2 l s

biu din bng 6 ng k, c cc con s trn. Ch thch: 6 dng k tng trng ch

1-6 hoc e-B-G-D-A-E, cc con s i din cho s v tr ngn trn cn n, v d dng
xung c s 5 trn n th ta s nh nod dy n s 1, ngn 5.S 0 l dy bung
n gin cho ngi s dng ngay c vi nhng ngi mi chp chng bc vo hc n
S dng tab cn lu tay tri k hiu nh sau:
1:
2:
3:
4:

ngn
ngn
ngn
ngn

tr
gia
eo nhn
t

Tay phi k hiu:

p: ngn ci
i: ngn tr
m: ngn gia
a: ngn eo nhn

y l v d mt Guitar Tab
Hp m E, F, v G:
e|---0---1---3--B|---0---1---0--G|---1---2---0--D|---2---3---0--A|---2---3---2--E|---0---1---3--EFG
Nh bn thy v d bm hp m F bn s lm nh sau:
Dy s 1(e) : bm phm 1
Dy s 2(B): bm phm 1
Dy s 3(G): bm phm 2
Dy s 4(D): bm phm 3
Dy s 5(A): bm phm 3
Dy s 6(E): bm phm 1

y l mt v d na, bn s thy cc nt nhc tng ng vi Tab nh th no

Phn 12 - Mt s bi luyn ngn c bn

Phn 12 - Mt s bi luyn ngn c bn - S dng Tab

Bn nn tp qua nhng bi tp ny, mc ch l tng kh nng s dng n, tng tc

vit di dng tab. V d nh bi 1:
Bn s bt u t dy s 6, bm phm th nht, th hai, th ba, th t. Tip theo l
Bi 1.
-----------------------------------------------------------1-2-3-4----------------------------------------------------------1-2-3-4----------------------------------------------------------1-2-3-4----------------------------------------------------------1-2-3-4-----------------------------------------------------------1-2-3-4----------------------------------------------------------1-2-3-4----------------------------------------------------------------Bi 2.
----------------------------------------------------------------1-2-4-3----------------------------------------------------------1-2-4-3---------------------------------------------------------1-2-4-3---------------------------------------------------------1-2-4-3---------------------------------------------------------1-2-4-3---------------------------------------------------------1-2-4-3----------------------------------------------------------------Bi 3.
------------------------------------------------------------1-3-2-4----------------------------------------------------------1-3-2-4----------------------------------------------------------1-3-2-4----------------------------------------------------------1-3-2-4----------------------------------------------------------1-3-2-4----------------------------------------------------------1-3-2-4-----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 4.
------------------------------------------------------------1-3-4-2----------------------------------------------------------1-3-4-2----------------------------------------------------------1-3-4-2----------------------------------------------------------1-3-4-2----------------------------------------------------------1-3-4-2----------------------------------------------------------1-3-4-2-----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 5.
------------------------------------------------------------1-4-2-3----------------------------------------------------------1-4-2-3----------------------------------------------------------1-4-2-3----------------------------------------------------------1-4-2-3----------------------------------------------------------1-4-2-3----------------------------------------------------------1-4-2-3----------------------------------------------------------------Bi 6.
-------------------------------------------------------------1-4-3-2----------------------------------------------------------1-4-3-2----------------------------------------------------------1-4-3-2----------------------------------------------------------1-4-3-2----------------------------------------------------------1-4-3-2----------------------------------------------------------1-4-3-2----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 7.
------------------------------------------------------------2-1-3-4----------------------------------------------------------2-1-3-4-----------------------------------------------------------2-1-3-4----------------------------------------------------------2-1-3-4----------------------------------------------------------2-1-3-4----------------------------------------------------------2-1-3-4---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 8.
-------------------------------------------------------------2-1-4-3----------------------------------------------------------2-1-4-3----------------------------------------------------------2-1-4-3----------------------------------------------------------2-1-4-3----------------------------------------------------------2-1-4-3----------------------------------------------------------2-1-4-3----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 9.
-------------------------------------------------------------2-3-1-4----------------------------------------------------------2-3-1-4----------------------------------------------------------2-3-1-4----------------------------------------------------------2-3-1-4----------------------------------------------------------2-3-1-4----------------------------------------------------------2-3-1-4----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 10.
-------------------------------------------------------------2-3-4-1----------------------------------------------------------2-3-4-1----------------------------------------------------------2-3-4-1----------------------------------------------------------2-3-4-1----------------------------------------------------------2-3-4-1----------------------------------------------------------2-3-4-1---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 11.
--------------------------------------------------------------2-4-1-3----------------------------------------------------------2-4-1-3----------------------------------------------------------2-4-1-3----------------------------------------------------------2-4-1-3---------------------------------------------------------2-4-1-3----------------------------------------------------------2-4-1-3---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 12.
-------------------------------------------------------------2-4-3-1----------------------------------------------------------2-4-3-1----------------------------------------------------------2-4-3-1----------------------------------------------------------2-4-3-1----------------------------------------------------------2-4-3-1----------------------------------------------------------2-4-3-1----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 13.
-------------------------------------------------------------3-1-2-4----------------------------------------------------------3-1-2-4----------------------------------------------------------3-1-2-4----------------------------------------------------------3-1-2-4------------------------------------------

-----------------3-1-2-4----------------------------------------------------------3-1-2-4----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 14.
------------------------------------------------------------3-1-4-2----------------------------------------------------------3-1-4-2-----------------------------------------------------------3-1-4-2----------------------------------------------------------3-1-4-2----------------------------------------------------------3-1-4-2----------------------------------------------------------3-1-4-2---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 15.
-------------------------------------------------------------3-2-1-4----------------------------------------------------------3-2-1-4----------------------------------------------------------3-2-1-4----------------------------------------------------------3-2-1-4----------------------------------------------------------3-2-1-4----------------------------------------------------------3-2-1-4---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 16.
-------------------------------------------------------------3-2-4-1----------------------------------------------------------3-2-4-1----------------------------------------------------------3-2-4-1----------------------------------------------------------3-2-4-1----------------------------------------------------------3-2-4-1----------------------------------------------------------3-2-4-1---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 17.
-------------------------------------------------------------3-4-1-2----------------------------------------------------------3-4-1-2----------------------------------------------------------3-4-1-2----------------------------------------------------------3-4-1-2----------------------------------------------------------3-4-1-2----------------------------------------------------------3-4-1-2---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 18.
-------------------------------------------------------------3-4-2-1----------------------------------------------------------3-4-2-1----------------------------------------------------------3-4-2-1----------------------------------------------------------3-4-2-1----------------------------------------------------------3-4-2-1----------------------------------------------------------3-4-2-1----------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 19.
-------------------------------------------------------------4-1-2-3----------------------------------------------------------4-1-2-3----------------------------------------------------------4-1-2-3----------------------------------------------------------4-1-2-3----------------------------------------------------------4-1-2-3----------------------------------------------------------4-1-2-3---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 20.
-------------------------------------------------------------4-1-3-2----------------------------------------------------------4-1-3-2----------------------------------------------------------4-1-3-2----------------------------------------------------------4-1-3-2----------------------------------------------------------4-1-3-2----------------------------------------------------------4-1-3-2---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 21.
-------------------------------------------------------------4-2-1-3----------------------------------------------------------4-2-1-3----------------------------------------------------------4-2-1-3----------------------------------------------------------4-2-1-3----------------------------------------------------------4-2-1-3----------------------------------------------------------4-2-1-3---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 22.
-------------------------------------------------------------4-2-3-1----------------------------------------------------------4-2-3-1----------------------------------------------------------4-2-3-1----------------------------------------------------------4-2-3-1----------------------------------------------------------4-2-3-1----------------------------------------------------------4-2-3-1---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 23.
-------------------------------------------------------------4-3-1-2----------------------------------------------------------4-3-1-2----------------------------------------------------------4-3-1-2----------------------------------------------------------4-3-1-2----------------------------------------------------------4-3-1-2----------------------------------------------------------4-3-1-2---------------------------------------------------------------Bi 24.
-------------------------------------------------------------4-3-2-1----------------------------------------------------------4-3-2-1--------------------

---------------------------------------4-3-2-1----------------------------------------------------------4-3-2-1----------------------------------------------------------4-3-2-1----------------------------------------------------------4-3-2-1---------------------------------------------------------------Phn 13 - Mt s bi luyn ngn trung bnh

Phn 13 - Mt s bi luyn ngn trung bnh
^ : y l k hiu th hin ng tc ht ln ca tay phi, nu bn dng pick.
v : ------------------------------------------------ xung -----------------------------^v^v^v^v^v^v^v^v^v
E--------------------------------------------------------5--7--8--B---------------------------------------------5--7--8-------------G----------------------------------4--5--7------------------------D-----------------------4--5--7-----------------------------------A------------3--5--7----------------------------------------------E-3--5--7----------------------------------------------------------

E-8--7--5--------------------------------------------------------B------------8--7--5---------------------------------------------G-----------------------7--5--4----------------------------------D----------------------------------7--5--4-----------------------A---------------------------------------------7--5--3------------E--------------------------------------------------------7--5--3-E-10--8--7--8--7--------7---------------------------------------------------------------B----------------------10-----10--8--10--8--7--8--7------7--------------------------G-------------------------------------------------------------9------9--7--9--7--6-------D--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

E------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D-----------------------------------------------------------------7-------7--8--7--8--9------A------------------------7---------7--8--7--8--10--8--10------10-------------------------E-7--8--10--8--10------10-------------------------------------------------------------------

E--------------------------------------------------5-7-8-7-5-------------------------------B-----------------------------------------5-6-7---------------7-6-5------------------------G-------------------------2-4-5-4-5-7-------------------------------7-5-4-----------------

D-----------------2-4-5--------------------------------------------------------5-4-2-------A---------2-3-5------------------------------------------------------------------------5-3-2
E-2-3-5---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

E-7-8-10-----------8-10-12------------10-12-13-------------12-13-15--------------------B-----------7-8-10------------8-10-12-------------10-12-13--------------12-13-15-------G-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20---------B-------------------------------------------------------------------------------17-19-20-------------G-----------------------------------------------------------------16-17-19---------------------------D-14-16-17--------------16-17-19-------------16-17-19---------------------------------------A--------------16-17-19--------------16-17-19---------------------------------------------------E--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Phn 14 - Mt vi lu
Phn 14 - Mt vi lu

Thng thng bc khi u lun l bc kh nht. Bn c th tm thy rt nhiu bi

qung, v m giai... Tuy nhin sau , sau khi c rt cn thn tt c nhng ci
phi tip tc th no. Rt c th bn cn chu kh my m theo bn nhc gy
vn m h v nhp iu, vn khng hiu lm sao c th m ht mt cch tng bng
lan man ri cui cng chng i n u. Ni chung t hc bc u rt kh, ngi t
qua thi k u c thy dy th mi d dng t hc c. Hc thy ci ct yu l h
nu c mt cht kin tr cng vi i ng hng th bn s d dng m ht c.

Tht ra c hai ci m bn cn nm vng m ht c l hp m v cc iu nh

nhun nhuyn th bn thnh cng 80% ri.

Trc khi nm vng hai ci , ti thiu nht bn phi nm vng cc nt nhc trn k
cn n.

Khung nhc: Khung nhc dng biu din cc thng tin v bn nhc. Khung nh
song song dng th hin cao thp ca nt nhc. Gia cc dng k ngi ta gi
dng k chnh cn c cc dng k ph v khe nhc ph dng ghi cc nt c m th
thp.u khung nhc c hnh ca kha nhc.u khung nhc cn c hnh cc nt t
l du ha.Du ha cho ta bit tng ca bi nhc.u khung nhc cn c k hiu c
y l hnh cc nt nhc trn khung nhc:

y l cc nt nhc trn cn n:

Kt hp vi vic thuc v tr cc nt nhc trn cn n, bn c th n c tng nt

trng ca cc nt nhc. Cng cn ch v tp cc nt thng v ging. Khng n
ny. Theo chng ti th bn nn kt hp hai vic: tp nhng bi luyn ngn v tm t
ngn, n gin. ng nn, nhng ting tnh tang n gin c th khng hay nhn
nhiu trong vic quen thuc vi cc bn nhc cng nh cy guitar.

Hai hoc nhiu nt nhc cng vang ln mt lc th to thnh mt hp m. Tuy nhin

c chi theo kiu ri tng nt gi l Arpeggio. y l mt v d:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpeggio

Vi nhng ngi mi lm quen vi cy n Guitar, rt cn lu vn ny, c bit

hp m. V d vi hp m Fa trng:

Bn c th gy cng lc 6 dy n cc nt F-C-F-A-C-F vang ln mt lc, nhng b

ri gy dy s 6-5-4-3-2-1...theo kiu Slow. C th hn, v d bi ht chi iu valse
hp m F chng hn, bn gy cng lc 3 dy 3-2-1 hai ln, sau gy dy s 6. Tip
vn chi hp m F, bn li gy cng lc 3 dy 3-2-1 hai ln, sau gy dy s 5, the
cht-cht-bum...Cn nu bi ht chm ri theo iu Slow chng hn, bn c tun t
C-F...

Vic p dng hp m no m ht cn ph thuc vo ging ca ngi ht (ng

nhc hay cung nhc).

- Ngi ta dng Ch ci k hiu cho Hp m trng. C = Do trng, D= Re trng

trng, G= Sol trng, A= La trng, B= Si trng.
- Ch ci thm ch "m" pha sau ngi ta gi l hp m th. Cm= Do th, Dm= Re th
Fa th, Gm= Sol th, Am= La th, Bm= Si th.
- Ch ci thm s "7" pha sau ngi ta gi l hp m by . C7= Do by, D7= Re by
by, G7= Sol by, A7= La by, B7= Si by.
Tm li trc khi chuyn sang phn khc, bn cn thuc:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Cc nt nhc trn khung nhc.

Cc nt nhc trn cn n.
Mt vi hp m quen thuc hay dng nh C,Am,F,G...
C gng b ra 10-15 pht mi ngy luyn ngn.

5. Tp nh mt vi bi nhc ngn, d nh.

Khoan ngh ti nhng m giai, qung, cung...

Mt ln na xin bn lu l chng ta tip cn m nhc cng nh hc m ht theo m

nht. Khi vng vng, bn c th tm c nhng ti liu khc nng cao hiu bit
vng v nhanh chng hn.
Phn 15 - Tm hp m cho bi ht
Phn 15 - Tm hp m cho bi ht

Mun m ht c, d l t ht hay m cho ngi khc ht th bn cng phi bit

ht . Nu c sn th coi nh bn ch cn theo ng nhp iu, c chiu theo hp m
thi. Nhng nu khng c sn, m ci ny mi l chnh v bn kh c th nh ht hp
nhc. Hn na mi ngi li c mt ging khc nhau, bn khng th bt ngi ht ph
duy nht. Nu ngi ht bit v ni cho bn bit ging ca h th nh phn di s b
ng ging m m thi. Cn nu ngui ht khng bit ging ca h l g th bn
nhng hp m quen thuc v h s theo m ht, hai l h c th m ht, ht sai h
trc v bn s phi d tm ging, tm hp m m. Ni nm na l D GAM. Mt
l chng ta c gng tip cn m nhc ni chung v m ht Bng Guitar mt cch
hiu.Gam tc l hp m, r hn th Gam l tp hp ca 7 nt nhc v chia ra thnh t
3 nt , Mi, Sol li vi nhau chng hn, ta c mt t hp gam trng, hoc
vi nhau, ta c mt gam La th. Nh hnh v bn di. Tuy nhin, bn s thc m
v thy 6 nt cho mt hp m sao trn li ch ni 3 nt? l hp m 3, ba nt ch
Gam m bn s dng m ht. Thng thng bn s chi nh hnh v bn di.
Hp m trng (C)

Hp m La th (Am)

Trn cy n Guitar, mun bm c mt t hp gam m ta cn, ch vic d tm cc

bm cho cc nt trn cn n.
Nhc li mt cht v nhc l: Ta bit c 7 nt nhc c bn: R Mi Fa Sol La
l C, D, E, F, G, A, H. Nhng thc ra y cc nt t nt - n nt tc l
n 12 nt:
C - C# - D - D# - E - F - F# - G - G# - A - A# - H.

Qui lut ho m 1-6-8: c 3 hp m chnh cho mt bn nhc, chiu theo th t

qung 8 trn, nu Hp m ch o l th nht th cc hp m cn li s l th 6 v t

l 1 th - 6 th - 8 trng.V d ta ly gam A lm gam ch o, tin ln 6 nt ta c

nt th 8 ta c E, vy l vi gam ch Am, ta c t hp Am - Dm - E. C theo cch
(mi) lm ch o, ta c Em - Am - H. Trong thi gian u, vi nhng nhc phm c
vng qui lut ny bn c th m ht c rt nhiu. ng nhin s c thm nh
hn na khng phi mi bn nhc u theo qui lut ny. Ngoi ra cn c qui lut 1-4
vy chng ti khuyn bn dng qui lut 1-6-8 trong thi gian u.

Tm li bn cn tm hp m ch o, t theo qui lut 1-6-8 tm cc hp m cn

t cc hp m vo bn nhc.
1. Tm ch m
2. Tm cc hp m
3. t cc hp m vo bi nhc.

n y s ny sinh ra my trng hp:

Ngi ht bit ch m v ni cho bn bit, v d Am, khi nhim v ca bn

chuyn qua li gia Am-Dm-E
Theo bn nhc c sn nhng cha c hp m m ch c nt nhc. Nhim v ca
nhc, tm ra ch m.
Khng c bn nhc, ngi ht cng khng bit ch m. Bn phi da vo tai ng
tm ch m.

Trng hp th nht:Vic tm Ch m vi trng hp u coi nh xong, tm thi k

Trng hp th hai: Hy nhn vo b kha u bi nhc, ta s thy c 3 trng h

B kha khng c du thng gim : Ch m ca bi c th l Do trng (C) ha

B kha c du thng : T du thng cui cng, cng thm na cung th s c
ri t m xung 2 nt s c tn m giai tng ng l ch m th.
B kha c du gim : Nu c 1 du gim (Bb) th ch m ca bi c th l Fa
(Dm) . Nu c hn 1 du gim, th du gim ngay trc du gim cui s l tn
v sau m xung 2 nt s c tn ca ch m cung th

Vi b kho c du thng hay gim, nh trn ta s xc nh c hai ch m trng

bit ch xc s dng ci no. Mun bit th bn phi coi nt nhc cui cng ca bn

V d bn nhc c hai du thng l F# v C#. Theo trn bn s xc nh c hai ch

Nhn vo nt cui nu l nt Si (B) th bn s bit bi ny c ch m l Bm
Trng hp th ba:Ch yu l kinh nghim, chng ta s bn ti phn sau.

Trc khi bn ti qui lut ho m 1-4-5, mi bn coi li v qung.

Qui lut ho m 1-4-5: Nhm tm ra 6 hp m da vo hai ch m nh bn trn

th). Ni chung cng tng t nh qui lut 1-6-8, c 3 hp m chnh cho mt bn
t 12 nt nhc nh qung 8 trn, nu Hp m ch o l th nht th cc hp m cn
th 5, khng tnh ti nhng nt thng. V d nh bi nhc thuc cung Sol trng
tng ng l Mi th (Em). Dng lut 1-4-5 theo nhnh G s c 3 hp m G, C, D. D
nhnh Em s c Em, Am, B. Vy 6 hp m ny l G C D Em Am B

L do chng ti mun bn coi li v qung chnh l hp m B trong nhnh Em. Ti s

phi l Bm?

V d trong m giai Am th cc nt l A-B-C-D-E-F-G#-A, nn hp m th hai l D (th

Hp m D co 3 nt chng ln nhau l Re Fa La ( D F A) v nt Fa khng c du thng
qung 3 th , nn hp m th hai l Re th ( Dm ) . Trong khi tn ca hp m th
Chng 3 nt ln nhau Mi (E) s c E G# - B ( G# trong m giai La th) v v
3 trng, nn hp m th ba s l Mi trng (E )
Phn 16 - t cc hp m vo bn nhc
Phn 16 - t cc hp m vo bn nhc
Sau khi tm ra hp m ch, cc hp m khc, hay ni nm na l
d xong Gam, vic tip theo ca bn l t cc hp m vo bn nhc
ti ch thch hp.
C my lut cn bn sau y :
1. Thng thng vi cc bi nhc Vit Nam th mi nhp dng
mt hp m. y l ni v thng thng, vy th c mi khi ht
mt nhp l bn phi ngh n vic i hp m.
2. Bi nhc bt u bng ch m v kt nhp cui bng ch
m
3. Ty theo ch m no ( trng hay th) m nhng hp m ca
hp m ch nhiu hn. Mt bi bt u cung La th (Am) th
hu nh l Dm v E7 s theo sau. Ba hp m ny ht i
(Am-Dm-E7) sau thnh thong s c C- F-G7. Tuy nhin v
ch m l La th nn sau th phi tr v cm Am-Dm-E7
chm dt Am
4. vic chuyn hp m ny sang hp m khc nghe mt m
th gia cc hp m ny phi c mt nt ging nhau .
Th d: t G chuyn v Dm: hp m G = GBD v hp m Dm =
DFA

Nu nm vng l thuyt cn bn m nhc th ch cn nhn vo

cc nt trong mi nhp l cng bit ngay nhp y thuc hp
m g? Vi nhng bn mi lm quen th ch cn cch l phi tp

nh sau :
1) Tm mt bn ghi cc hp m cn bn cho guitar.
2) Dng cy guitar nh tri cc t hp hp m trn(3 hoc 6)
cho tht nhuyn v quen tai
3) Bt u vi ch m nhp u tin, ht nhp k tip v
so vi 3 hoc 6 hp m trn nghe xem hp m no thun tai
nht
4) Nn nh theo ng 4 li khuyn trn v trnh ng chuyn
i hp m lung tung.
y l ni v l thuyt, khi bn c sn mt bn nhc. Tuy nhin trn
thc t khng phi lc no bn cng c sn mt bn nhc vi y
nt nhc. Khi ch hon ton da vo kinh nghim, chng ta s bn
sau.
Khi thun thc v tm hp m ch, tm cc hp m lin quan, v
chuyn qua li gia cc hp m, bn c th bt u tm hiu v cc
iu trong m ht v cc kiu m ht thng dng.
Phn 17 - Hp m 7
Phn 17 - Hp m 7
Bn vo y coi li v hp m. S d c thm phn hp m 7 ny v
trong rt nhiu bi nhc m chng ta thng nghe m ht, ngoi
cc hp m trng, th ra cn c hp m 7.
Tht ra th t nhng hp m trng v th, ngi ta bin i v to
thnh hng ngn hp m khc. Mt trong nhng bin th l loi
hp m 7, c thnh lp bng cch t thm mt nt th t trn 3
nt ca hp m cn bn (tc l s c 4 nt bc1-3-5-7) . V d:
Hp m E: E-G#-B thm nt R (l bc 7 ca Mi) l E-G#-B-D s l hp m E7
Hp m Am: A-C-E thm nt Son (bc 7 ca A) l A-C-E-G l hp m Am7
Tm thi bn ch cn nh l nu c thay i th chuyn hp m cui
cng (bc 5 theo qui lut 1-4-5) trong tng nhnh(trng hay th,
nu qun bn vo y coi li) t trng hay th thnh hp m 7,
mc ch l nghe m tai hn. V d: G C D7 Em Am B7
Xin bn lu l nghe m tai, sau khi chi hp m 7, bn cn phi
chuyn v ch m.
Cui cng cng xin bn lu lun i hp m phch u tin, ngha
l nt u tin ngay sau vch nhp.
Tm li, khoan bn ti vn nhp iu nh slow, boston hay
rumba... n ng hp m bn cn:

Tm ch m bng cch nghe ngi ht ni, phn tch t bn

nhc, hay da vo tai nghe v kinh nghim.

T ch m, dng mt trong hai qui lut 1-6-8 hay 1-4-5 tm
ra nhng hp m cn li. Thm mt vi hp m 7 nu c th.
t ch m vo u bn nhc. Mi nhp thng thng l mt
hp m, lun i hp m phch u tin, ngha l nt u
tin ngay sau vch nhp.