Kha lun tt nghip MC LC

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Li m u......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Chng 1: Tng quan v ch to dy nano t tnh bng phng php in ha................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Gii thiu v dy nano.......................................................................... 4 1.2 T bo in ha..................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Cu to t bo in ha...................................................................... 8 1.2.2 Cc loi in cc................................................................................. 9 1.3 Qu trnh lng ng ........................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Cc tng tc ca cc ion trong qu trnh lng ng........................ 11 1.3.2 dy lp lng ng ........................................................................ 12

Chng 2: Cc phng php k thut ch to dy nanoError! Bookmark not defin 2.1 K thut phn x. ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Lng ng in ha ............................................................................. 15 2.3 Phng php nhiu x tia X (XRD)...................................................... 15 2.4 Php o hin vi in t qut (SEM). ..................................................... 18 2.5 T k mu rung (VSM). ....................................................................... 20 Chng 3: Kt qu v tho lun ...................Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1 nh SEM ca lp mng xp dng lm khun cho dy nano................. 22 3.2 Kt qu hin vi in t qut ca mu ................................................... 23 3.3 Kt o tnh cht t ca dy..22 3.4 Kt qu phn tch cu trc .................................................................... 26

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M U Nu th k XX c coi l cuc cch mng v cng ngh thng tin th th k XXI thuc v cng ngh nano. Bng cng ngh nano, ngi ta c th nht tt c thng tin ca 27 cun T in Bch khoa ton th nc Anh Britannica nm gn trong mt thit b ch bng si tc, ch to ra nhng con robot m mt thng khng nhn thy c v cn v s iu k l khc... Khi nim cng ngh nano (CNNN) c nh vt l hc Richard Feynman nhc n ln u tin trong bi din vn c ti Hi ngh cc nh vt l M nm 1959. Khi , ng d bo mt thi k m ngi ta c th rp nguyn t vi nguyn t, phn t vi phn t, cc cng c tht nh gip sn xut cc vt cht nh hn na. Vo nhng nm 1980, nh phng php v thit b khoa hc hin i, cc nh khoa hc ch to thnh cng vt cht c kch thc quy m phn t, ngha l ch bng mt phn mt t mt v t tn cho chng l nano. Trong ting Hy Lp, nano ngha l nh xu v ng knh mt si tc ngi cng ln hn 80.000 ln so vi mt nano. Theo nguyn tc chung, CNNN nm trong vng vt cht t 0,1-100 nanomt (1nm = 1 phn triu mm), m ra kh nng sn xut cc vt liu mi mc nguyn t - vt liu nano v ha hn lm o ln nhiu lnh vc t ha hc n hng khng. Cho n nay, nhiu sn phm ra i t CNNN c mt trn th trng. Chng hn, cc thanh nano carbon c th lm cch mng ngnh cng nghip xy dng. Nhng thanh graphite khng vt ni c ng knh 1nm v di 10.000nm (nhn bng mt thng, mt khi lng ln ca vt liu ny s ging nh bi b hng) cng hn thp gp 100 ln, nhng nh hn khong 8 ln. Ngi ta c th bin chng thnh nhng si dy ri bn thnh tm mng, v nu pha trn vi mt vi vt liu composite, n c th lm thay i mt cch c bn cch thc xy dng v chiu cao cc cng trnh. Thm ch, nhng cng trnh xy V Th Huyn Trang 2

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dng ny c th c ph cc t bo lm bng vt liu nano bin nh nng thnh in nng cung cp cho nhu cu nng lng. Hin nay, nhiu nc ang pht trin nh n , Nam Phi, Mexico, Thi Lan, Philippines thc hin cc sng kin cng ngh nano h tr s pht trin ca khoa hc. Khng nm ngoi quy lut , Vit Nam cng v ang ch to cc vt liu nano s dng cc ng dng ca n. c bit tp trung vo y sinh hc trong vic phn tch t bo, dn thuc, nung nng cc bTi b mn Vt l Nhit thp thuc trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin-HQGHN, nhm nghin cu ch to dy c kch thc nano cng c hnh thnh v ang tin hnh cc chng trnh nghin cu, trong ni dung ch yu l ch to cc dy nano t tnh bng phng php in ha. Phng php lng ng in ha c nhng u vit hn cc phng php khc ch khng i hi thit b t tin, nhit cao, hoc chn khng cao. Ch to cc dy nano c tc pht trin nhanh, phng php ny cng khng tn thi gian. S dng phng php ny, c th tng hp d dng cc dy nano nhiu on bng cch thay i cc dung dch ph hp, cn bin i kh nng lng ng ta ch cn thay i xung in a vo trong qu trnh lng ng l c th kim sot c. tm hiu v phng php lng ng in ha v mt s tnh cht ca dy nano t tnh, nhm nghin cu tin hnh nhng th nghim ban u v vic ch to dy Co c kch thc nano. Chnh v vy nhim v ca bn kha lun ny l nghin cu ch to dy Coban c kch thc nano bng phng php in ha. Bn kha lun gm 3 phn chnh: + Chng 1: Tng quan v ch to dy nano t tnh bng phng php in ha. + Chng 2: Cc phng php k thut ch to dy nano + Chng 3: Kt qu v tho lun.

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Kha lun tt nghip CHNG 1:

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TNG QUAN V CH TO DY NANO T TNH BNG PHNG PHP IN HA 1.1 Gii thiu v dy nano S kt hp gia sinh vt hc v vt l hc tc ng n nhiu lnh vc ca khoa hc v k thut quy m micro v nano. Trong s nhng lnh vc th t y sinh l lnh vc cc k th v v y ha hn. V d, cc ht nan t c dng chn lc u d v thao tc cc h thng sinh hc. y l lnh vc pht trin nhanh chng, c mt lot ng dng c pht trin, nh phn tch t bo, cm bin sinh hc, nghin cu chc nng t bo, cng nh mt lot cc ng dng y hc v tr liu tim nng. Hu ht cc ht t tnh s dng c dng hnh cu, thng bao gm li t v v, n cho php chc nng ha cc phi t c hi v sinh hc thc hin cc mc ch y sinh mong mun. Cc ng dng ca cc ht t tnh ang tr nn ph bin hn trong cc nghin cu y hc v cng ngh sinh hc, cc nghin cu ny s thun li nu cc ht t tnh c th thc hin nhiu chc nng. s dng cc ht nano t tnh trong cc thit b v cc linh kin, chng ta cn phi tun th mt s iu kin nh: phi iu kin kch thc v hnh dng cc ht. Ngoi ra, cc ht phi c bo qun trong cc mi trng ho hc hoc phi gi n nh nhit . Trong nhiu trng hp ring bit, cc dy nano t c tnh trt t cao c tnh n. Dy nano t tnh l mt dng ca ht t tnh. Dy nano cn gi l thanh nano, c cu trc d hng gn nh mt chiu vi t s rt cao. Cc dy nano t tnh s hu cc tnh cht c bit, l s khc nhau hon ton gia cc vt liu st t dng khi l ht hnh phng cu v mng mng. Hu ht cc dy nano t tnh c s dng trong y sinh l cc thanh kim loi hnh tr c ch to bng phng php in ha trn cc tm xp c cc l kch thc nano. Bn knh ca chng c th kim sot trong phm vi t 5 n 500nm, chiu di ca chng c th c kim sot ln ti 60m. Cn lu rng c dy nano t n thnh phn v dy nano t nhiu on u c s dng rng ri trong c nghin cu khoa hc v ng dng thc t. C th bin i cc V Th Huyn Trang 4

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tnh cht t quan trng nh nhit Curie, lc khng t, trng bo ha, t d, nh hng trc d t ha bng cch thay i ng knh, dy v thnh phn ca cc on t tnh/ khng t tnh ca dy nano nhiu on. Nhiu n lc c thc hin pht trin cc phng php tng hp, ch to v iu khin cc dy nano t c th ng dng c trong y sinh v tin ti ng dng trong cc lnh vc khc. Mt iu rt quan trng m chng ta khng th khng quan tm l s to thnh cu trc ca dy nano. Peter Krogstrup v ng nghip phn tch hnh nh cu trc ca dy nano InAs c chp c phn gii cao qua mt chic my hin vi in t.

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc tinh th ca dy nan InAs Dy nano c pht trin theo hng tin ln. Trong qu trnh pht trin, cu trc tinh th ca dy nano thay i t hnh lc gic (WZ) sang hnh khi (ZB). T cu trc tinh th (nh trong hnh 1.1), cu trc lc gic l s thay i ca cc nguyn t Indi sang Asen theo hng lp ny sang lp khc trong khi , s thay i ca cu trc hnh khi li lun ging nhau.

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Thnh phn quan trng nht ca nhng thit b in t trong tng lai s da vo nhng tinh th nano. Tinh th ny nh hn bc sng ca nh sng m con ngi c th thy c. Cc nh nghin cu trn th gii nghin cu rt nhiu nm c th pht trin nhng thuc tnh c trng ny ca cc dy nano. 1.1.1 Cc dy nano to mng v phn tn Trong hu ht cc ng dng ca dy nano, chng u c s dng dng c mng dy hoc phn tn thnh cc dy ri rc. Hnh 1.2 (a) ch ra mt v d v mng dy nano Ni c ng knh khong 200nm. Cn lu rng dy nano Ni biu din trn hnh 1.3 (a) c to mng mt cch ngu nhin. Trn hnh 1.3 (b) biu din dy nano Co phn tn ri rc c ng knh 70nm. Trong cc ng dng y sinh, cc dy nano thng b treo l lng trong cc dung dch.

Hnh 1.2: (a) Dy nano Ni c to mng c ng knh 200nm; (b) Dy nano Co b phn tn c ng knh khong 70nm 1.1.2 Cc dy nano mt on, nhiu on v nhiu lp Do mong mun c mt vt liu nano n l c th thc hin nhiu chc nng cng mt lc nn cu trc nano nhiu on c nghin cu chuyn su, cng do m khm ph c nhiu chc nng vn c ca chng. Hnh 1.1 cho thy rng c th pht trin dy nano c nhiu thnh phn ha hc lin kt dc theo trc chiu di ca chng. Hnh 1.3 (a) biu din mt phn dy nano Ni mt on. Cn lu rng, dy nano mt on c th c lm t nguyn t n l V Th Huyn Trang 6

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nh kim loi, hp kim hoc oxit. Hnh 1.4 (b) biu din mt phn dy nano NiAu hai on. Hnh 1.4(c) biu din mt phn dy nano nhiu lp Co-Cu.

Hnh 1.3 (a) Dy Ni mt on; (b) Dy nano Ni-Au hai on; (c) Dy nano nhiu lp Co-Cu.(c) biu din mt phn dy nano nhiu lp Co-Cu.

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Hnh 1.5 (a) Cc ng t tr vi t trng ngoi t vo theo trc ca mng cc dy nano c chiu di khc nhau; (b) S phc thuc ca lc khng t v t d theo chiu di ca cc dy nano. Hnh 1.5 (a) biu din cc chu trnh tr ca cc mng dy nano khc nhau c chiu di t 500 nm n 2000 nm. Hnh 1.5 (b) biu din s ph thuc tuyn tnh ca lc khng t v t d ca cc mng dy nano theo chiu di dy nano. Nhng kt lun a ra gi thuyt: cc dy nano c chiu di khc nhau c th l kt qu ca cc tng tc t tnh gia cc dy nano vi cng khc nhau. 1.2 T bo in ha 1.2.1 Cu to t bo in ha Trong hnh 1.1a l cu to mt t bo in ha in hnh ca thc nghim ch to dy nano. Mt t bo in ha n gin nht gm 3 in cc c nhng chm trong dung mi. Hnh 1.1b m t mt in cc c lp c tch ra t dung mi. Tin hnh th nghim vi bnh dung mi, ct in phn, mt hay nhiu in t hot tnh, v thuc th, c th xy ra cc qu trnh phn ng vi sn phm in phn. Trc th nghim ta phi loi b oxi catot c th gy cn tr cho vic quan st dng phn hi. Vic ny thng c thc hin bng cch lm sch dung dch vi kh him N2 hay Ar. Loi b oxi cng c th c thc hin V Th Huyn Trang 8

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bng cch dng bm chn khng. Cc th nghim in ha c th thc hin trong ti, hp ng, hay chn khng ca cc loi in cc hot tnh d tip xc vi khng kh v hi nc.

H1-1 (a) T bo in ha in hnh 1.2.2 Cc loi in cc a. in cc lm vic

b. in cc c c lp

Nhng in cc hnh a rn c dng rt ph bin trong cc th nghim.

H1-2: in cc lm vic Trong Platin, hay thy tinh carbon, vng, bc hay cc hp cht vn thng c s dng lm in cc ny. Vic s dng cc loi in cc cacbon cng c nghin cu. in cc git thy ngn rt hu ch cho in cc ha hc trong dung dch nc ti th m ln v phn ng ca in cc hydro chm hn so vi cc in cc khc. Tuy nhin, i vi vic lm khan v in ha ti th dng th cc in cc rn c u tin hn. in cc lm vic cn c cc V Th Huyn Trang 9

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in t di chuyn d dng vi cc loi in cc hot tnh. Cc nhn t to iu kin cho vic di chuyn cc in t phc tp khng phi lc no cng c hiu r, v s l s b cn thn bng cch nh bong, lm sch bng siu m. Vic in cc ng cn xut hin kh d dng nn nh bong i khi l cn thit. Nhng hiu ng khng tt nh st th v thi gian tch in dung (dung tch) c gim bt ng k khi bn knh in cc c lm nh hn. Hu ht cc nghin cu qut s b mc va phi u s dng in cc c bn knh khong 0,2 cm. b. in cc chun (in cc so snh) Hu ht cc in cc chun c s dng trong dung dch l in cc Ag/AgCl v in cc caloment. Nu cc bn cc chun c s dng trong dung mi khan, tuy nhin, mt tip xc ln ca cht lng c sinh ra; v thng quan trng hn s nhim nc ca t bo kh. V vy, y l s kt hp khng ph hp. Vic s dng in cc Ag/AgCl c c cho in ha hc khan. trnh th tip xc ln, dung mi ca t bo cng tt. Thng thng cc th c c kim nh theo tiu chun, nh ferrocene v cobaltocene. Cu to ca mt in cc Ag/Ag+ chun c m t trong hnh sau.

H1-3: in cc chun khan V Th Huyn Trang 10

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Cc in cc chun c th thng ging theo thi gian v phi c bo v cn thn. c. in cc m in cc m l in cc ph trong t bo in ha. Cc qu trnh din ra in cc lm vic v in cc m thng ngc nhau, nu ti ic cc lm vic xy ra qu trnh oxi ha th ti in cc m s xy ra qu trnh kh v ngc li. Dng Faraday sinh ra do s di chuyn in t in cc lm vic s c cn bng nh qu trnh ngc din ra in cc m. Trong hu ht cc th nghim ta u o c dng sinh ra ti in cc ny l rt nh, hay ni mt cch khc th s in phn din ra ti in cc m khng lm nh hng ti qu trnh xy ra ti in cc lm vic. in cc m c lm bng cc vt liu c tnh tr nh platin, cacbon v vt liu c s dng nhiu nht l Pt. Do in cc c lm bng vt liu tr nn n khng tham gia phn ng in cc ch ng vai tr nh vt truyn dn in t do s trao i in t gia cht oxi ha v cht kh gy ra. Tc l trong qu trnh in ha lun xy ra qu trnh cho v nhn in t, khi cht kh cho in t th in cc Pt s dn truyn in t ti cht oxi ha nhn in t. Thc t, ngn cn nh hng ca in cc m trong sut qu trnh in phn ta c th lm in cc m c kch thc ln hn so vi in cc lm vic cng vi cht liu. 1.3 Qu trnh lng ng 1.3.1 Cc tng tc ca cc ion trong qu trnh lng ng Cc dng v cc m trong bnh in ha c ni vi nhau bi 1 ngun in xoay chiu, 1 b pin hoc 1 dng c chnh lu. Anot c ni vi cc dng ca ngun, cathot ni vi cc m ca ngun. Khi b cp ngun bn ngoi chuyn mch, kim loi anot b oxi ha t trng thi bng khng n mt trng thi c gi tr xc nh. Cc cation lin kt vi cc anion trong dung dch. Cc cation b kh ti cathode ca kim loi, ha tr khng. V d trong dung dch axit, qu trnh kh Co ti anot to ra Co2+ bi s mt i ca 2 electron. Co2+ kt hp V Th Huyn Trang 11

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vi (SO4)2- trong dung dch to thnh CoSO4 . Ti cc m Co2+ c kh t kim loi Co nh mt i 2 electron. 1.3.2 dy lp lng ng B dy kt ta c th c nh gi bi th tch ca lp kt ta. Khi th tch lp lng ng (V) l kt qu ca vic m din tch ln trn b mt dy h t c. Th tch ca lp lng ng c lin quan n trng lng ca lp lng ng w v mt ca lp lng ng l d . Ta c d= w/ V. Nh vy h= v/a = w/ ad. Nhng tnh ton thit yu i hi phi tm c b dy ca lp lng ng h, xc nh cng ca dng, chng ta s dng dng faraday. h= w/ ad = ZQ/ ad= Z It / ad (cm). Trong Z cn bng in ha. Q l in tch. 1.3.3 nh hng ca dng xoay chiu Trong qu trnh lng ng, khi ta s dng dng dng xoay chiu, th cng dng xoay chiu c tc dng lm tng kt dnh lp m v cht lng lp m. Cng ny c th lm bin i cc chi tit b mt ngoi, tc dng ca dng xoay chiu ln s thay i b mt bn ngoi mnh hn s thay i pha bn trong. Cng dng xoay chiu cao hn, mnh hn lm cho tc lng ng cng s nh vy. Mc d vy gii hn bt buc c kt dnh l khng ng k v cht lng lp m trong qu trnh lng ng cng tt hn. 1.3.4 Mi lin h gia dng xoay chiu v in p Khi ic cc tr thnh mt phn ca bnh in phn thng qua dng in ang chy qua th in th ny khc vi in th cn bng. Nu in th cn bng l E, in th ti cc in s l E(I) v s khac nhau ny c tnh nh sau:
= E (I) E v c gi l s chnh lch in p.

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Kha lun tt nghip 1.3.5 Hiu sut dng xoay chiu

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Khi c 2 hay nhiu phn ng xy ra ng thi mt lc ti in cc, s culong i qua in cc ph hp vi tng s culong cn bng ca mi phn ng. V d trong qu trnh lng ng ca Cu trong dung dch ng nitrat tron axit nitric long, c 3 phn ng xy ra ti cc m l qu trnh lng ng ng. l s gim bt ca ion ng , s gim bt ion nitrat v hydrogen. Hiu sut dng xoay chiu CE ca jth, qu trnh lng ng c xc nh nh l s culong cn tm trong phn ng. Qj c chia ra bi tng s culong i qua Q tng. CE= Qj / Qtng

CHNG 2: CC PHNG PHP K THUT CH TO DY NANO V Th Huyn Trang 13

Kha lun tt nghip 2.1 K thut phn x

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Phn x hay phn x catot l k thut ch to mng mng da trn nguyn l truyn ng nng bng cch dng cc ion kh him (ion Ar+) tng tc di in trng bn ph b mt vt liu t bia vt liu, truyn ng nng cho cc nguyn t ny bay v pha v lng ng trn .

H 2-1 M hnh phn x Bn cht qu trnh phn x: L mt qu trnh truyn ng nng. Vt liu ngun c to thnh cc tm bia v c t ti in cc (thng l catot), trong bung c ht chn khng cao v np kh him vi p sut thp (c 10-2 mbar). Di tc dng ca in trng, cc nguyn t kh him (cc ion Ar+ ) b ion ha v di chuyn v pha bia vi tc ln v bn ph b mt bia, truyn ng nng cho cc nguyn t vt liu ti b mt ca bia. Cc nguyn t c truyn ng nng bay v pha v lng ng trn . Cc nguyn t ny c gi l cc nguyn t b phn x. Nh vy c ch ca qu trnh phn x l va chm v trao i xung lng. K thut phn x hay s dng l: + Phn x phng x 1 chiu. + Phn x phng in xoay chiu. + Phn x magnetron

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Kha lun tt nghip 2.2 Lng ng in ha

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Khun c kch thcnano

Lng ng
in cc m in cc so snh

Cht in phn

+
Mng xp (khun) in cc lm vic

Hnh2-2 S b tr th nghim lng ng in ha ch to dy nano S dng h in ha ba cc ch to cc dy nano, th nghim c thc hin ti nhit phng, cc ha cht c s dng l 1 M CoSo4.5H2O v 0,7 M H3PO3 trong dung dch nc kh ion vi pH l 3,82. Th lm vic c c t n nh l -0,74V. 2.3 Phng php nhiu x tia X (XRAY) Cu trc tinh th ca mt cht quy nh cc tnh cht vt l ca n. Do , nghin cu cu trc tinh th l 1 phng php c bn nht nghin cu cu trc vt cht. Ngy nay, mt phng php c dng ht sc rng ri xc nh cu trc tinh th hc, thnh phn pha ca mu l nhiu x tia X. u im ca phng php ny l xc nh c cc cu trc, thnh phn pha ca vt liu m khng ph hy mu v cng ch cn mt lng nh phn V Th Huyn Trang 15

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tch. Phng php ny da trn hin tng nhiu x Bragg khi chiu chm tia X ln tinh th.

H 2-3 (a) Hin tng nhiu x trn tinh th

H2-3 (a) Nhiu x tia X gc nh Tinh th c cu to bi cc nguyn t sp xp tun hon, lin tc c th xem l cch t nhiu x t nhin ba chiu, c khong cch gia cc khe cng bc vi bc sng tia X. Khi chm tia p vo nt mng tinh th, mi nt mng tr thnh mt tm tn x. Cc tia X b tn x giao thoa vi nhau to nn cc vn giao

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thoa c cng thay i theo . iu kin c cc i giao thoa c xc

nh theo cng thc Bragg:

2dhkl . sin = n

Trong : phn x.

+ d : Khong cch gia cc mt phng nguyn t tham gia

+ : Gc phn x.

+ : Bc sng tia X. + n :S bc phn x. + h,k,l : Cc ch s Miller. V mt nh lng, da trn nhng nh c mt ph nhiu x ta c th xc nh c hng s mng a,b v ca tinh th theo cng thc:
h2 k2 l2 1 = 2 + 2 + 2. 2 a b c dhkl

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Bng cch thay i v tr ca u d (detector) quay trn vng trn

gic k k, cng nhiu x theo cc gc nhiu x 2 s c ghi nhn, ta thu

c ph nhiu x ca mu nghin cu.

Vic nghin cu phn tch cc cc i nhiu x di gc 2 khc

nhau s cho thng tin v cu trc tinh th (kiu mng, hng s mng), thnh phn pha ca mu v nhiu thng tin khc nhau ca mu o.

H2-3 (c) H o nhiu x tia X (XRAY) 2.4 Php o hin vi in t qut (SEM) Knh hin vi in t qut l thit b dng chp nh vi cu trc b mt vi phng i gp nhiu ln so vi knh hin vi quang hc, v bc sng

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Kha lun tt nghip

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ca chm tia in t nh gp nhiu ln so vi bc sng ca chm tia in t nh gp nhiu ln so vi bc sng vng kh bin.

H2-4 (a) Tng tc chm in t vi cht rn. in t c tng tc bng in trng c vn tc v tng ng vi bc sng De Broglie vi bc sng : =
h mv

Chm in t b tn mnh khi i vo trng th bin thin t ngt do m my in t mang in tch m v ht nhn v nguyn t mang in tch dng. Mi nguyn t cng tr thnh tm tn x ca chm in t. Nhiu x chm in t c nhng c im rt thch hp cho vic nghin cu cu trc mng mng.

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H2-4 (a) Knh hin vi in t qut Ngi ta to ra mt chm in t rt mnh v iu khin chm tia ny qut theo hng v theo ct trn din tch rt nh trn b mt mu cn nghin cu. Chm in t chiu vo mu s kch thch mu pht ra in t th cp, in t tn x ngc, tia X,. Mi loi in t, tia X thot ra mang thng tin v mu phn nh 1 tnh cht no ch tia in t ti p vo mu. Th d, khi in t ti chiu vo ch li trn mu th in t th cp pht ra nhiu hn khi chiu vo ch lm. Cn c vo lng in t th cp nhiu hay t, ta c th bit c ch li hay lm trn b mt mu. nh SEM c to ra bng cch dng mt ng in t qut trn mn hnh mt cch ng b vi tia in t qut trn mu. 2.5 T k mu rung (VSM) Nguyn l hot ng ca VSM: Khi mu c t tnh b rung trong mt t trng u s gy ra s bin iu ca ng sc t. Mc bin iu ny ln hay nh ty thuc vo ln ca t trong mu o. Mt h thng cc cun dy c b tr trong vng t trng bin iu ghi nhn s bin thin ca t thng qua cun dy bng cmar ng t (hay cn gi l cun dy o).

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H 2.5 (a) My o t k mu rung (VSM). mu rung.

H 2.5 (b) M hnh t k

Hiu in th cm ng trn cun dy o t l vi m men t mu M ca mu.Trn c s c th xc nh c t ca mu. My VSM c s dng trong nghin cu ny l loi Lake Shore 7400, t ti Trng i hc quc gia Chungnam, Hn quc.

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CHNG 3: KT QU V THO LUN Cc mu dy nano vi cc thi gian lng ng khc nhau 10 pht, 15 pht v 30 pht c ch to vi cc bc nh sau: + Ra sch tm Si (1,5 cm x 1,5 cm) bng acetone v lm kh. + Ph mt lp vng vi chiu dy 100 nm bng phng php phn x catot. + Ch to lp mng xp c cc l kch thc nano u nhau bng cch s dng cc polymer : polystyrene (PS) v polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) trn vi mt t l thch hp v trong in trng. + Thc hin cc qu trnh lng ng nh trn hnh 2. Mu sau khi c ch to c mang i o c v phn tch vi cc php o: + Hin vi in t qut : v hnh thi hc ca dy + T k mu rung v tnh cht t ca dy + Nhiu x tia X vi cu trc tinh th ca dy Cc kt qu thu c nh sau:

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Hnh 3-1 nh SEM chp b mt ca lp mng xp sau khi Cc dy nano c ch to trn khun c cc l vi ng knh khong 45 nm, chiu di khong 8 m v khong cch gia cc l trn khun 60 nm. 3.2 Kt qu hin vi in t qut ca mu Mu sau khi lng ng 30 pht c ct ra v em i o theo mt ct ngang ca mng xp, ta thu c kt qu nh hnh 3.2

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Hnh3-2 nh SEM b mt ct ngang ca tm mng xp i vi dy lng ng trong 30 pht T hnh 3.2 chp c 1 phn ca on ct ngang ca mng dy nano Co vi chiu di dy nano cha hon chnh khng c u nhau vi cc ng knh khong 200 nm, v chiu di khong hn 5 m. T kt qu trn ta c th nh gi kch thc ca dy ln hn kch thc ca khun ban u, iu c th d on trong qu trnh lng ng dy c th b gin ra hoc dy b mt lp polymer bm xung quanh khi lng ng.

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Kha lun tt nghip 3.3 Kt qu o tnh cht t ca dy

0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001

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Moment(emu)

0.001 0.000 -0.001 -0.001 -0.002 -0.002 -0.003 -0.003 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000

10 pht

Field(Oe)
0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.000 -0.001 -0.002 -0.003 -0.004 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

Moment (emu)

15 pht

Field (O e)
0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004

moment(emu)

0.002 0.000 -0.002 -0.004 -0.006 -0.008 -0.010 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000

30 pht

field(Oe)

Kt qu o VSM vi t trng ngoi t vung gc vi mng xp (mu ) v song song vi mng xp (mu en) V Th Huyn Trang 25

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Hnh v cho ta ng t tr ca cc mng dy nano vi thi gian lng ng khc nhau: 10, 15 v 30 pht. T trng ngoi c t vung gc vi mng xp hay l song song vi cc dy nano v song song vi mng xp hay vung gc vi cc dy nano. T kt qu trn ta thy cc dy nano c d hng n trc rt cao, mc d cc kt qu o l i vi mt m cc dy nano. i vi dy nano l hnh tr trn, d hng hnh dng tri hn so vi cc d hng t khc ko theo xu hng xp thng hng ca cc moment t dc theo trc ca dy. dy nano Co c d hng n trc iu kin l ng knh ca cc dy phi nh hn 140 nm, iu ny cho thy kt qu trn l hon ton ph hp v trn cc dy vn c mt lp polymer bn vo. Mt khc ta cng phi tnh n tng tc tnh t gia cc dy, nhng trong trng hp ny c th b qua v khong cch gia cc dy l ln. 3.4 Kt qu phn tch cu trc

Hnh 3.4 Kt qu phn tch X ca dy c lng ng trong 30 pht

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Ph nhiu x tia X ca dy nano Co vi s pha trn ca trng thi fcc v hcp tng ng vi cc pick (100) (111) (101) (200) (220) phn nh cu trc a tinh th ca dy Co, ngoi ra cn c Au (111) (220) ca . Cc dy nano n tinh th pha fcc xy ra pH 2,7 , cc dy nano a tinh th pha hcp xy ra pH=5. Tuy nhin ti pH =3,82 th cu trc dy nano Co l bao gm hn hp ca 2 pha fcc v hcp. Do pH ca cht in phn l thng s quan trng trong vic xc nh tnh d hng ca vt liu t tnh Co.

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Kha lun tt nghip KT LUN

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Vi ti nghin cu ch to dy Co c kch thc nano bng phng php in ha nhm tm hiu c: Tm hiu tng quan v dy nano. Tm hiu v cu to t bo in ha bao gm 3 in cc l: in cc m- in cc chun (in cc so snh)- in cc lm vic. Vi in cc lm vic l Ag/AgCl cn li 2 in cc m v in cc chun s dng Pt. Cc iu kin lng ng khi s dng phng php lng ng. T thu c cc kt qu nh sau: Ch to thnh cng dy nano Co vi ng knh d= 200nm, chiu

di l 5m. Cho thy dy nano c bao ph bi mt lp polymer.

Thu c kt qu ng t tr v dy nano Co l d hng n trc. Hnh nh thu c t kt qu o nhiu x tia X (phng php XRAY) cho thy dy nano Co c cu hnh hcp v fcc.

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TI LIU THAM KHO Ti liu ting vit: 1. Gio trnh ha hc i cng (dng cho sinh vin khng thuc chuyn ngnh ha). NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni, (2007). 2. ng Kim Trit (01-2005), bi ging in ha l thuyt, Trng i hc Cng Nghip thnh ph HCM, Khoa cng ngh ha hc. 3. in ha l thuyt, Trng Ngc Lin, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, (1999). 4. V ng , C s l thuyt cc qu trnh ha hc, NXB Gio

Dc, H Ni, (2002). Ti liu ting Anh: 1. Reich, D.H., Tanase, M., Hultgren, A., Bauer, L.A., Chen, C.S. and Meyer, G.J. (2003). Biological applications of multifunctional magnetic nanowires, Journal of Applied Physics, 93(10), 727580. 2. Sun, L., Hao, Y., Chien, C.L. and Searson, P.C. (2005). Tuning the

properties of magnetic nanowires, IBM Journal of Research and Development , 49(1), 79102.

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3. Chen, M., Sun, L., Bonevich, J.E., Reich, D.H., Chien, C.L. and Searson, P.C.(2003). Tuning the response of magnetic suspensions, Applied Physics Letters, 82(19), 331012 4. 1077. 5. Y.C. Zhou, Jay A. Switzer, Mat Res Innovat. 2 (1998) 22-7. J.M. Zhang, C.J.Lin, Z.D.Feng,Z.W. Tian, Mat. Sci. Lett. 17 (1998)

6. Fashen Li, Tao Wang, Liyuan Ren, and Jianrong Sun, J. Phys.: Condens.Matter 16 (2004) 8053. 7. 17 381. 8. 12 663. 9. Li Y, Cheng G S and Zhang L D (2000) J. Mater. Res. 15 2305 Ma X D, Qian X F, Yin Z and Zhu Z K (2002) J. Mater. Chem Bae C H, Park S M, Park S C and Ha J S (2006) Nanotechnology

[36] Lakshmi B B, Dorhout P R and Martin C R (1997) Chem. Mater. 9 857.

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