XY DNG QUY TRNH TH NGHIM IN P XOAY CHIU PHC V KHAI THC PHNG TH NGHIM TRNG IM QUC GIA IN CAO

P. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR AC TESTING IN KEY LABORATORY FOR HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNIQUES. TS. Nguyn Hu Kin; ThS. V Thanh Hi; KS. Trn Vit Sn Vin Nng lng B Cng Thng TM TT Bi bo nhm xy dng quy trnh th nghim in p xoay chiu (AC) tng cao tn s cng nghip cho Phng th nghim trng im Quc gia in cao p (HVLAB), da trn c s nghin cu l thuyt c bn v k thut in cao p v cc c tnh k thut ca h thng th nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip (AC Dielectric Test Set Type 600CD) do Phenix sn xut. ABSTRACT This paper present the procedures for AC testing in Key Laboratory for High Voltage Techniques based on fundamental research in high voltage testing theory and technical characteristics of AC Dielectric Test Set Type 600CD produced by Phenix Technology Co., USA. I. T VN HVLAB sau mt thi gian tin hnh xy dng n nay hon thnh v c a vo hot ng vi cc h thng th nghim (HTTN) c cp in p, cng sut, di i tng th nghim ln u tin trang b Vit Nam. Cc quy trnh th nghim (QTTN) hin hu trong v ngoi ngnh in cha p ng c trong khai thc cc HTTN ny. Mc d cc phng th nghim in cao p trn th gii u nghin cu xy dng cc QTTN phc v cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, o to, sn xut thit b v vt liu in, tuy nhin cc quy trnh ny lun mang tnh c th, ph thuc nhiu vo c tnh k thut ca HTTN v i tng th nghim (cp in p, cng sut, tnh cht ca ti, ...) Hin nay, hng mc lp t thit b cho HTTN AC-600CD hon thnh, cc cn b ca HVLAB ang tng bc nghin cu, xy dng quy trnh vn hnh nhm khai thc h thng ny mt cch tt nht. H thng AC-600CD l h thng phc tp, t phn ng lc, iu khin, o lng n c kh, kt cu. V vy, vn hnh khai thc v bo dng h thng ny cn cc cn b c kin thc su cng nh kinh nghim nht nh trong lnh vc th nghim in cao p cng nh o lng - iu khin, Kt qu ti ny l bc khi u nhm to c s bin son cc quy trnh chi tit hn i vi hng mc th nghim AC phc v khai thc HVLAB. II. L THUYT CHUNG V TH NGHIM AC My bin p (MBA) th nghim s dng cho mc ch ny c cng sut nh mc thp hn ng k v t s bin i in p ln hn nhiu so vi MBA lc. Cun dy cao p cng c thit k c th chu ng c cc ph hy thng thng, thng xut hin trn vt th. Dng in s cp thng c cung cp thng qua MBA iu chnh t ngun cung cp chnh hoc, trong trng hp c bit, bi my pht in ng b. in p th nghim xoay chiu (Utn) trong khong tn s 4565Hz. Upeak /Urms= 5% v c cp t mt MBA tng p hoc mch cng hng. Utn ny phi n nh khng b nh hng bi cc dng in r khc nhau. Th chu in p tha mn khi gi tr nh ca Utn khng khc qu 5% trong cc chu k lin tip, st p tc thi lc phng in khng chc thng khng vt qu 20% Unh. Hin nay MBA th nghim thng c dng l mch MBA xp tng c trnh by trong hnh 1.

K P K E 3P 2P P H E 2P U P

E P

P H 2U 3U 3P

3P

Hnh 1. MBA th nghim kt ni 3 tng. E: Cun dy kch t, H: Cun dy cao p, K: Cun dy kt ni Hin ti MBA to in p s dng ti HVLAB cng thuc loi ny vi b tr nh trong hnh 2, in p th cp trn mi tng l 400kV, in p cc i vi cu hnh ny l 1.200kV, dng in l 2A.

Hnh 2. H thng to v o in p xoay chiu ti HVLAB.

Hnh 3. B o in p (3 modules) bng t in cao p ti HVLAB.

III. QUY TRNH TH NGHIM I VI H THNG AC-600CD. 1. Th nghim in p chu th in p xoay chiu phi c t trn i tng th nghim bt u t mt gi tr thp ngn nga bt k tc ng no ca cc qu in p do ng mch. in p th nghim phi c tng chm cho php c c cc dng c o nhng khng qu chm v s gy nn s ko di khng cn thit ca ng sut in trong i tng th nghim gn in p th nghim U. Cc yu cu ny thng c tha mn nu tc tng in p bng 2% Utn trong mt giy, khi in p t trn 75% Utn. in p th nghim phi c duy tr trong thi gian qui nh v sau c gim nhanh, nhng khng b ct t ngt v nh vy c th gy ra cc qu thao tc lm thit hi hoc gy nn cc kt qu th nghim bt thng. Thi gian th nghim c quy nh c lp vi tn s trong phm vi t 45Hz n 60Hz. Nu khng c quy nh no khc, thng thng thi gian ca mt th nghim chu in p phi l 60s. Yu cu th nghim c tha mn nu khng xy ra phng in nh thng no i vi i tng th nghim. 2. Th nghim in p chc thng: in p c t v tng lin tc trn i tng th nghim cho ti khi c phng in chc thng xy ra. Gi tr ca in p th nghim ti thi im nh thng s c ghi li. 3. Chun b mu th v kim tra an ton trc khi tin hnh th nghim - V sinh mu th hoc to mi trng cho mu trc khi a vo th nghim. - a mu th vo khu vc th nghim, tin hnh ni u vo ca mu th vi u ra cao p ca thit b, ni u ra ca mu th vi t. - Kim tra khong cch an ton phng in t thit b th nghim ti cc thit b hoc vt th c kh nng dn in xung quanh khu vc th nghim. Trong trng hp cc vt hoc thit b khc nm trong phm vi kh nng c th gy ra phng in cn ni t tt c cc thit b ny m bo cho an ton ca cc thit b cng

nh tnh chnh xc ca kt qu th nghim. - Tho so tip a ra khi thit b th nghim, kim tra in p u vo (6,6kV). 4. Cc bc thao tc ban u ca qu trnh tin hnh th nghim Sau khi kim tra an ton cc bc chun b mu th cng nh thit b th nghim, ngi vn hnh chnh s cho tin hnh th nghim theo cc bc sau: Bc 1: M ngun cho bn iu khin Bc 2: Nh nt nhn EMERGENCY trong trng hp nt ny ang ng. Bc 3: Sau khi h thng iu khin khi ng thnh cng, mn hnh iu khin s xut hin tin hnh thao tc cc bc tip theo. Bc 4: Chn cc ch th nghim theo cc phm F1, F2, F3, F4 tng ng. * Nhn phm chc nng F1 chn ch iu khin tay v hin th mn hnh iu khin tay * Nhn phm chc nng F2 chn ch t ng iu chnh in p theo thi gian v hin mn hnh theo di ca ch ny. * Nhn phm chc nng F3 chn ch t ng iu chnh in p theo chng trnh. T mn hnh ny cc ch : T ng iu chnh in p theo chu k, theo cp v theo tn sut t thit lp s xut hin ngi vn hnh la chn. * Nhn phm chc nng F4 chn ch iu khin t xa bng my tnh v mn hnh iu khin. Ngi vn hnh ch c th chn ch iu khin bng my tnh t mn hnh ny. * Nhn phm chc nng F5 chn ch hiu chnh. Mn hnh ny s c kha bo v bi mt m s. Nhn phm chc nng F8 kch hot nhp s. S dng bn phm s nhp mt m bo v sau nhn phm (Enter) sau khi nhp xong. Nu mt m chnh xc mn hnh hiu chnh s c hin th Cc gi tr s trn mn hnh iu khin c th thay i bng cch nhn phm hoc cho ti khi xut hin du nhy pha bn tri mi mc cn thay i. Khi du nhy xut hin ti v tr ny , s dng

cc phm s nhp vo gi tr cn thit. nhp s s c kch hot khi nhn phm s u tin. Nhn nt chp nhn gi tr mi v thot ra nhp s. S dng phm xa nhng gi tr nhp sai hoc thot ra ngoi nhp s nhng khng thay i gi tr ban u. 5. Quy trnh thao tc. 5.1. Quy trnh thao tc th nghim theo ch vn hnh tay. Sau khi thc hin 4 bc c bn trong mc 4. ca phn ny, ngi vn hnh nhn phm F1 chn ch vn hnh tay, tip thc hin thao tc th nghim theo cc bc sau: Bc 1: Sau khi mn hnh ch iu khin bng tay xut hin nh hnh 4 di y, ngi vn hnh kim tra cu hnh ci t trn mn hnh iu khin xem ng vi cu hnh thc t ca thit b hay cha. C th kim tra cu hnh u ra ca Module cao p ( hin th 20), nu cu hnh theo 1 Module chn OUTPUT l 1 SINGLE, nu cu hnh l 2 Module song song chn OUTPUT l 2 PARALLEL Tng ng l cp in p u ra ( hin th 13), ci t cp in p u ra nhn phm F10. Cu hnh Module cao p v in p u ra phi c ci t ng vi thc t lp rp b thit b th nghim. Cu hnh ci t Module v cp in p th nghim c cho theo bng iu khin di y.

Hnh 4. Mn hnh iu khin bng tay Bng 1: Cp in p ci t theo cu hnh Cu hnh Cu hnh Cp in lp t OUTPUT ci p ci t thc t t 1 Module 1 Single 400kV 2 Module 2 PARALLEL 400kV song song 3 Module 3 SERIES 1200kV
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ni tip 3 Module 3 PARALLEL 400kV song song Bc 2: Ci t mc in p bo v (phm F4). Mc in p bo v l mc in p trong trng hp khi u ra Module cao p t ti h thng s t ng ngt bo v mu th. V d ci t in p th nghim 350kV, in p bo v 450kV nhng v l do no (do s c, do nh hng mi trng, do cht lng mu th ), in p u ra Module cp qua vt th b tng vt ln cao hn nhiu so vi in p ci t th nghim nhng khi in p t ti mc in p bo v ci t h thng s t ng ngt bo v mu th trnh khi s c. Bc 3: Sau khi kim tra cc thng s ci t cu hnh v ci t bo v, nhn phm ON trn bn iu khin m cp ngun cho u vo Regulator. Bc 4: Nhn gi nt RAISE bt u qu trnh nng in p. Quan st gi tr in p u ra hin thi trn mn hnh iu khin hin th (1). Khi gi tr in p u ra t mc in p cn th nghim nh tay khi nt RAISE h thng duy tr in p u ra gi tr hin thi. Bc 5: bm thi gian ngm in p cho mu th nhn phm F1 trn m iu khin bt u chy ng h bm gi. Trong trng hp mun bm gi li t u nhm phm F2 a gi tr thi gian bm gi v mc 00:00:00 ban u. Bc 6: Sau khi ngm in p mu th trong khong thi gian cn thit, tin hnh h thp mc in p v mc in p ban u bng cch nhn gi nt bm LOWER trn bn iu khin. in p lc ny s c gim dn v ti mc thp nht (0 kV). Bc 7: Khi in p v mc 0 kV nhn nt STOP trn bn iu khin ngt in cp vo, nhn nt EMERGENCY stop kt thc qu trnh th nghim. 5.2. Cc bc thao tc th nghim theo ch chu k t ng. Thc hin 4 bc c bn trong mc 4. ca phn ny, ngi vn hnh nhn phm F2 chn ch vn hnh chu k t

ng, tip thc hin thao tc th nghim theo cc bc sau: Bc 1: Sau khi mn hnh ch iu khin t ng xut hin nh hnh 5 di y, ngi vn hnh kim tra cu hnh ci t trn mn hnh iu khin xem ng vi cu hnh thc t ca thit b hay cha. C th kim tra cu hnh u ra ca Module cao p ( hin th 20), nu cu hnh theo 1 Module chn OUTPUT l 1 SINGLE, nu cu hnh l 2 Module song song chn OUTPUT l 2 PARALLEL Tng ng l cp in p u ra ( hin th 13), ci t cp in p u ra nhn phm F10. Cu hnh Module cao p v in p u ra phi c ci t ng vi thc t lp rp b thit b th nghim. Cu hnh ci t Module v cp in p th nghim c cho theo bng 1.

Hnh 5. Mn hnh iu khin t ng Bc 2: Ci t mc in p bo v (phm F4). Mc in p bo v l mc in p trong trng hp khi u ra Module cao p t ti h thng s t ng ngt bo v mu th. V d ci t in p th nghim 350kV, in p bo v 450kV nhng v l do no (do s c, do nh hng mi trng, do cht lng mu th ), in p u ra Module cp qua vt th b tng vt ln cao hn nhiu so vi in p ci t th nghim nhng khi in p t ti mc in p bo v ci t h thng s t ng ngt bo v mu th trnh khi s c. Bc 3: Sau khi kim tra cc thng s ci t cu hnh v ci t bo v, nhn phm ON trn bn iu khin m cp ngun cho u vo Regulator, lc ny h thng s bt u qu trnh th nghim t ng theo chu k. Sau khi in p c nng ti gi tr th nghim v duy tr trong mt khong thi gian t trc, h thng
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s t ng tin hnh h thp mc in p v mc ban u 0 kV. Bc 4: Khi in p v mc 0 kV nhn nt STOP trn bn iu khin ngt in cp vo, nhn nt EMERGENCY kt thc qu trnh th nghim. IV. KT LUN Th nghim AC l mt hng mc th nghim quan trng trong k thut th nghim in cao p nhm kim tra cch in i vi cc TB cao p. Tuy nhin do iu kin trc y trong nc cha c HTTN thc hin cng vic ny, nn phn ln cc TB cao p trc khi a vo vn hnh trong li in quc gia vn cha c tin hnh th nghim i vi hng mc ny trong iu kin mi trng Vit Nam. Chnh v cng tc kim nh v th nghim trc, trong v sau khi a vo vn hnh i vi cc trang b in cao p l mt nhu cu cn thit trong sn xut, nn nh nc u t mt h thng th nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip th nghim cho cc TB ti cp in p 500kV v giao cho HVLAB-Vin Nng lng qun l. Qua nghin cu mt s vn l lun v th nghim AC, ti i su nghin cu, phn tch c s l thuyt v phng php lun v KT cao p. Trn c s , cc vn chnh v quy trnh th nghim ca h thng ny nh mc ch, dng xung, mch u ni th nghim, o lng tn hiu, x l s liu, c xem xt mt cch c bn, lm c s bin son QTTN AC th nghim i vi TB ti cp in p 500kV chi tit hn phc v khai thc HVLAB nh mc tiu ra ban u ca ti. Kin ngh B Cng Thng xy dng mt khung php l i vi cng tc th

nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip cho cc TB cao p trc, trong v sau khi a vo vn hnh, nhm p ng c cc yu cu k thut, cng ngh trong iu kin Vit Nam, cng nh pht huy c ht hiu qu ca h thng th nghim ny do nh nc u t. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Phenix technologies (2011), AC DIELECTRIC TEST SET TYPE 600CD, USA. [2] E. Kuffel (2000), High Voltage Engineering Second edition, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. [3] Dieter Kind, Kurt Feser (2005), High Voltage Test Techniques Second edition [4] Harald Schwarz (1999), Megavolts in Cottbus. [5] Hylten, Cavallius (1986), High Voltage Laboratory Planning. [6] Frank H (1991), 3 MV AC Voltage Testing Equipment with Switching Voltage Extension. [7] IEC 60076-3 (2009), Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air. [8] IEC 60060-1 (2009), High-voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements. [9]. Audoli A. et Drommi J. L (1991), Analysis of Partial Discharges Measurments and Generator Technology Evolution, Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Tokyo, Japan, pp.687-690.

a ch lin h: Phng Nghin cu K thut in cao p v vt liu cch in Vin Nng lng; s 6 Tn Tht Tng ng a H Ni; in thoi: Nguyn Hu Kin; Mobile: 091.352.7553 Email: kien_p18@yahoo.com