Do An Tot Ngiep

N TT NGHIP CHUYN NGNH CNKH NHIT_ LNH
SVTH: XUN QUN Page 1

LI NI U
Vit Nam l mt nc nm trong vng kh hu nhit i nng m. iu ho khng kh
chim mt v tr quan trng trong i sng sinh hot cng nh nhu cu sn xut tiu th trong
cng nghip. Khi x hi, khoa hc cng ngh pht trin, i sng kinh t nng cao th nhu cu v
sc khe v s tin nghi cng c ch trng pht trin hn. iu ha iu tit khng kh nh
mt yu cu khng th thiu trong i sng cng nh sn xut sinh hot ca x hi ngy nay. C
th ni hu nh trong tt c cc cao c, vn phng , khch sn,bnh vin, nh hng, phn
xng, v ang xy dng u c trang b h thng iu ho khng kh. Mc ch ca vic
iu ho khng kh l to ra mi trng vi kh hu thch hp cho sc khe, iu kin tin nghi
ca con ngi, nng cao hiu xut tin cy ca cc trang thit b cng ngh.
Vi ti Tnh ton thit k h thng iu ho khng kh cho Ta nh c s nghin cu
v o to ca hc vin khoa hc x hi. Sau qu trnh tm hiu v lm n, cng s hng
dn tn tnh ca ging vin hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Xun Bnh v ti ny em li cho em
nhiu kin thc b ch su rng, thc t hn. Gip em c ci nhn khi qut c th hn v tnh
cht cng vic ca mng ngnh mnh theo hc, thm kinh nghim cho cng vic tng lai sau
ny.
Trong sut qu trnh lm n vi s tm ti hc hi ca bn thn di s hng dn tn
tnh ca thy: ThS.Nguyn Xun Bnh cng cc thy c khc trong khoa, gip bi n hon
thnh tt nht. Trong bi thuyt minh ny em c gng trnh by mt cch trn vn v mch
lc. Tuy nhin vn cn nhiu thiu xt, mt phn do kin thc cn hn ch, cha c kinh nghim
v hiu bit thc t v cha thi gian tham kho thm ti liu . V vy em mong mun c
c s ch bo nhiu hn ca qu thy gip em hon thnh bi n v bo v vi kt qu tt
nht . Em xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni ngy thng nm 2012
Sinh vin thc hin
Xun Qun



TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY

KHOA IN-B MN: K THUT NHIT

TI TT NGHIP
H ni, ngy 07 thng 05 .nm 2012

ti tt nghip chuyn ngnh o to: Cng Ngh Nhit H o to: i hc chnh quy
Ngi hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Xun Bnh
Sinh vin thc hin: Xun Qun Lp: H CNKTN2 Kha:3

1. Tn ti:
Thit k h thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi theo tiu chun TCVN 5687 2010 cho
ta nh c s nghin cu v o to ca hc vin khoa hc x hi c bn v km theo.

2. Ni dung ti:
1- Tng quan v h thng iu ha khng kh VRV
2- Gii thiu, phn tch cng trnh thit k
3- Tnh cng sut lnh ca cng trnh
4- Thc hin thng gi cho cng trnh
5- Lp bn v thit k v thi cng
6- Bc tch thng k khi lng chi tit lp t.



Chng I
GII THIU CHUNG
1.1 TNG QUAN V IU HO KHNG KH
1.1.1. Khi nim v iu ho khng kh
iu ho khng kh l mt nghnh khoa hc nghin cu cc phng php, cng ngh v
thit b to ra mt mi trng khng kh ph hp vi cng ngh sn xut, ch bin hoc tin
nghi i vi con ngi. Ngoi nhim v duy tr nhit trong khng gian cn iu ho mc
yu cu, h thng iu ho khng kh cn phi gi m khng kh trong khng gian n nh
mt mc qui nh no . Bn cnh , cn phi ch n vn bo v trong sch ca
khng kh, khng ch n v s lu thng hp l ca dng khng kh.
Ni chung, c th chia khi nim iu ho khng kh thng c mi ngi s dng
thnh 3 loi vi cc ni dung rng hp khc nhau:
- iu tit khng kh: Thng c s dng thit lp mi trng thch hp vi vic
bo qun my mc, thit b v p ng yu cu ca nhng cng ngh sn xut, ch bin c th.
- iu ho khng kh: Nhm to ra cc mi trng tin nghi cho cc sinh hot ca con
ngi.
- iu ho nhit : Nhm to ra mi trng c nhit thch hp.
Nh vy, ph thuc vo nhng iu kin c th khc nhau, vic iu chnh nhit trong
khng gian cn iu ho khng nhng iu chnh theo chiu hng gim so vi nhit mi
trng xung quanh m cn c th iu chnh tng theo yu cu. Tng t, nh vy m ca
khng kh cng c th c iu chnh khng ch gim m c khi cn c yu cu tng ln so
vi m bn ngoi.
Mt h thng iu ho khng kh ng ngha l h thng c th duy tr trng thi ca
khng kh trong khng gian iu ho trong vng qui nh no , n khng th b nh hng
bi s thay i ca iu kin kh hu bn ngoi hoc s bin i ph ti bn trong. T nhng


iu ni, r rng c mi lin h mt thit gia cc iu kin thi tit bn ngoi khng gian
cn iu ho vi ch hot ng v cc c im cu to ca h thng iu ho khng kh.
Trng thi khng kh c biu th bi nhit t, m tng i , tc e, trong
sch v nng cht c hi cng n. Cc i lng trn ca khng kh s tc ng ti con
ngi v qui trnh cng ngh sn xut.
1.1.2. nh hng ca trng thi khng kh ti con ngi
1.1.2.1. nh hng ca nhit .
Nhit bn trong c th con ngi lun gi 37C. c c nhit ny ngi
lun sn sinh ra nhit lng. Trong bt k hon cnh no (hot ng, ng ngh ngi...) con ngi
sn sinh ra lng nhit nhiu hn lng nhit c th cn duy tr 37C. Vy lng nhit d
tha ny cn phi thi vo mi trng khng kh xung quanh t b mt bn ngoi c th ngi
bng 3 phng thc truyn nhit sau: i lu, bc x, bay hi.
-i lu l qu trnh nhit truyn t b mt ngoi c th con ngi ti khng kh, ph
thuc vo tc chuyn ng ca khng kh v hiu nhit gia nhit mt ngoi c th
(khong 36C) v nhit t
kk
ca khng kh xung quanh At=36-t
kk
. Khi tc khng kh e
k
ln,
hiu nhit At ln th nhit to ra bng i lu t ngi ti khng kh ln (lc ny ta cm thy
lnh), ngc li khi tc e
k
nh v hiu nhit nh thm ch bng v nh hn khng, lc ny
nhit i lu nh, bng khng hoc thm ch c th ngi li cn nhn thm nhit t khng kh
xung quanh (lc ny ta cm thy nng v tot m hi).
-Bc x l qu trnh truyn nhit truyn t b mt ngoi c th ti b mt tng xung
quanh ca phng. Nhit bc x y khng ph thuc tc khng kh ch ph thuc hiu nhit
gia nhit b mt ngoi c th v nhit b mt tng t
w
ln (cng lc l nhit khng
kh ln) th bc x c th b qua ta thy nhit i lu v nhit bc x u ph thuc vo hiu
nhit v lng nhit ny gi chung l thnh phn nhit hin q
h
to ra t con ngi.
-Truyn nhit bng bay hi l nhit to ra khi c s bay hi nc t con ngi (do m
hi, do hi th c cha hi nc). Lng nhit bay hi ny ta gi l nhit n q
a
to ra t con
ngi.


Khi nhit khng kh xung quanh t
kk
tng ln, nhit hin q
h
to ra do i lu v bc x
gim, c th con ngi t ng tit ra m hi bay hi nc vo mi trng, ngha l thnh
phn nhit n q
a
tng ln bo m lun thi ra mt lng q = q
h
+q
a
vo mi trng.
Qua nghin cu thy rng con ngi thy tho mi d chu khi sng trong mi trng
khng kh c nhit t
kk
= 22|27C.
Ngoi ra m bo v sinh, nhit ca dng khng kh thi trc tip vo ngi khng
c thp hn nhit khng kh trong phng t 36C.
1.1.2.2. nh hng ca m tng i.
m tng i ca khng kh c tnh bng ; Khng kh cha bo ho <100,
khng kh bo ho =100. m tng i ca khng kh l yu t quyt nh ti lng nhit
n bay hi q
a
t c th ngi vo khng kh. Khi khng kh c m nh, hi nc t m hi
d dng bay vo khng kh, cn khi khng kh c m ln ch c mt lng nh hi nc
trong m hi c th bay hi nn gi tri q
a
nh. Lc ny nu nhit mi trng khng kh li
cao th m hi c tit ra cng nhiu.
S ra m hi trn da ngi ph thuc vo nhit v m ca khng kh tnh.
Qua nghin cu ta thy con ngi s cm thy d chu khi sng trong mi trng khng
kh c m tng i =50|70.
1.1.2.3. nh hng ca tc khng kh.
Ta bit rng khi tc khng kh tng, lng nhit to ra t c th bng i lu v bng
bay hi u tng v ngc li. Qua nghin cu ta thy con ngi s cm thy d chu khi tc
khng kh xung quanh khong 0,25m/s. Trong lnh vc iu ho khng kh, ngi ta ch quan
tm ti tc gi trong vng lm vic, tc l vng di 2m k t sn nh tr ln. y l vng
m mi hot ng ca con ngi u xy ra trong .
Nh vy, chng ta thy c 3 yu t nhit , m v tc khng kh xung quanh tc
ng ng thi ti qu trnh to nhit t c th con ngi ti khng kh.
1.1.2.4. nh hng ca nng cc cht c hi


Trong khng kh c cc cht c hi chim mt t l ln n s c nh hng n sc
kho ca con ngi. Mc tc hi ca mi cht tu thuc vo bn cht ca cht c hi, nng
ca n trong khng kh, thi gian tip xc vi n ca con ngi, tnh trng sc kho
Cc cht c hi bao gm cc cht ch yu sau:
- Bi: nh hng n h h hp. Tc hi ca bi ph thuc vo bn cht ca bi, nng
v kch thc ca bi. Bi c hai ngun gc : Hu c v v c.
- Kh SO
2
,CO
2
: Cc kh ny c nng thp th khng c nhng khi c nng cao th
lm gim nng O
2
trong khng kh, gy nn cm gic mt mi. Khi nng qu ln
c th gy ngt th.
- Cc cht c hi khc : Trong qu trnh sn xut v sinh hot, trong khng kh c th
ln cc cht c hi nh: NH
3
, Clo l nhng cht c hi n sc kho ca con ngi.
Cho n nay vn cha c tiu chun chung nh gi mc nh hng tng hp ca
cc cht c hi trong khng kh. Tuy c nhiu cht c hi nhng trong cc cng trnh dn
dng, cht c hi ph bin nht l CO
2
do con ngi thi ra trong qu trnh h hp. V th trong
k thut iu ho ngi ta ch yu quan tm n nng CO
2
.
nh gi mc nh hng ngi ta da vo nng CO
2
c trong khng kh:
Bng 1.1. nh hng ca nng CO
2
trong khng kh
Nng CO
2
, %
th tch
Mc nh hng
0,07 - Chp nhn c ngay khi c nhiu ngi trong phng
0,10 - Nng cho php trong trng hp thng thng
0,15 - Nng cho php khi dng tnh ton thng gi
0,20 - 0,50 - Tng i nguy him
>0,50 - Nguy him
4 5
- H thn kinh b kch thch gy ra th su v nhp th gia tng. Nu
ht th trong mi trng ny ko di c th gy nguy him


8
- Nu th trong mi trng ny ko di 10 pht mt bng v au
u
18 hoc ln hn - Ht sc nguy him ,c th gy t vong

1.1.2.5. nh hng ca n
Nu con ngi lm vic lu di trong khu vc c n cao th lu ngy tinh thn s suy
sp v c th gy ra mt s bnh nh : Stress, bn chn v cc ri lon gin tip khc. n tc
ng nhiu n h thn kinh, lm nh hng n mc tp trung vo cng vic hoc n gin
hn l gy s kh chu cho con ngi. V vy, n l tiu chun quan trng khng th b qua
khi thit k h thng khng kh iu ho hin i. c bit l cc h thng khng kh iu ho
cho cc i pht thanh, truyn hnh, cc phng studio, thu m, thu li th yu cu v n l
quan trng nht.
m bo v sinh th dng khng kh ny c nng cc cht c hi phi nm trong
gii hn cho php cng nh n ca h thng iu ho khng kh gy ra.
1.1.3. nh hng ca trng thi khng kh ti sn xut
Con ngi l yu t v cng quan trng trong sn xut. Cc thng s kh hu c nh hng
nhiu ti con ngi cng c ngha l nh hng ti nng sut v cht lng sn phm mt cch
gin tip. Ngoi ra cc yu t kh hu cng nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm.
1.1.3.1. nh hng nhit ca ti sn xut
Nhit c nh hng n nhiu loi sn phm. Mt s qa trnh i hi nhit phi
nm trong mt gii hn nht nh.
Bng 1.2. iu kin cng ngh ca mt s qu trnh
Qu trnh Cng ngh sn xut Nhit , C
0
m, %
Xng in
ng v gi sch
Phng in n
Ni lu tr giy
21 24
24 27
20 33
45
45 50
50 60


Phng lm bn km 21 33 40 50
Sn xut bia
Ni ln men
X l malt
chn
Cc ni khc
3 4
10 15
18 22
16 24
50 70
80 85
50 60
45 65
Xng bnh
Nho bt
ng gi
Ln men
24 27
18 24
27
45 55
50 65
70 80
Ch bin thc
phm
- Ch bin b
- Mayonaise
- Macaloni
16
24
21 27
60
40 50
38
Cng ngh chnh
xc
- Lp chnh xc
- Gia cng khc
20 24
24
40 50
45 55
Xng len
- Chun b
- Ko si
- Dt
27 29
27 29
27 29
60
50 60
60 70

Xng si bng
- Chi si
- Xe si
- Dt v iu tit cho si
22 25
22 25
22 25
55 65
60 70
70 90



1.1.3.2. nh hng m tng i ca ti sn xut
m cng c nh hng n mt s sn phm .
- Khi m cao c th gy nm mc cho mt s sn phm nng nghip v cng nghip
nh.
- Khi m thp sn phm s kh, gin khng tt hoc bay hi lm gim cht lng sn
phm hoc hao ht trng lng sn phm.
1.1.3.3. nh hng vn tc khng kh ca ti sn xut
Tc khng kh cng nh hng n sn xut nhng mt kha cnh khc. Khi tc
ln, trong nh my dt, nh my sn xut giy sn phm nh s bay khp phng hoc lm ri
si. Trong mt s trng hp sn phm bay hi nhanh lm gim cht lng.
V vy trong mt s x nghip sn xut ngi ta cng qui dnh tc khng kh khng
dc vt qu mc cho php.
1.1.3.4 nh hng trong sch ca khng kh
Mt s ngnh sn xut i hi bt buc phi thc hin khng kh trong phng tuyt i
trong sch nh sn xut hng in t bn dn, trng phim, quang hc mt s ngnh thc phm
cng i hi cao v trong sch ca khng kh, trnh lm bn thc phm.

1.2 CC H THNG IU TIT KHNG KH
1.2.1 cc khu ca h thng TKK
thc hin cc chc nng ca mnh , mi h thng TKK u phi gm nhiu b phn
thit b hp thnh, mi thit b thc hin mt chc nng ring . Cc thit b c cng chc
nng hp thnh mt khu. Gia cc khu vn c mi lin h nht nh hon thnh cc
chc nng chung ca h thng. Ngi ta chia cc thit b ca h thng TKK thnh bn
khu:
+ Khu s l khng kh.
+ Khu vn chuyn v phn phi khng kh.
+ Khu nng lng.
+ Khu o lng, iu chnh khng ch t ng.


1.2.1.1 Khu x l khng kh
Khu ny c nhim v to ra ch nhit m ca khng kh cho ph hp vi tnh ton,
ng thi bo m cc tiu chun v sinh, khng kh trc khi thi vo phng c trng
thi nh trc. Nh vy, khu s l khng kh bao gm cc thit b lm lnh hoc sy nng
khng kh, thit b lm m khng kh cc thit b ny thng t trong bung my iu
ha khng kh, gi tt l bung iu khng.
y l khu quan trng nht cu h thng TKK.
1.2.1.2 Khu vn chuyn v phn phi khng kh
Khu ny c nhim v a khng kh c x l n ni cn thit trong phng, ti
s din ra qu trnh trao i khng kh gia lng khng kh c thi vo vi lng khng
kh trong phng b nhim bi nhit, m, bi sn sinh trong qu trnh sinh hot hoc
sn xut.
Khng kh c dn t bung iu khng n gian my nh qut gi v cc ng dn.
Trong phng c HKK, khng kh c phn phi vo khng gian lm vic nh h thng
cc ming thi gi. Mt phn khng kh c tun hon tr li bung iu khng nh h
thng ca ming ht gi v ng ng gi hi, qut gi hi. Mt phn khng kh c b
xung qua ming ly gi, mt phn c thi gia ngoi tri qua ca thi gi
1.2.1.3 Khu cung cp nng lng
Khu ny lm nhim v cung cp nng lng cho h thng HKK hot ng, khu ny
bao gm: Cc ng c in dn ng cc thit b bm, qut, my nn, ngun hi nc hoc
nc nng cp nhit cho si m, h thng cp thot nc, h thng lnh cp lnh cho cc
bung iu khng
Khu nng lng chim phn ln chi ph u t cng nh chi ph vn hnh ca ton h
thng. cc thit b ca khu ny thng c t ring thnh tng trm.
1.2.1.4 Khu o lng v iu khin khng ch t ng
Cc thit b o lng c nhim v ch th hoc ghi li cc thng s v nhit , m
tng i ca khng kh trong gian my, ngoi tri, sau khi c s lnhit v p sut
ca nc lnh, lu lng nc lnh, nc nng, lu lng khng kh
Cc thit b khng ch, iu khin t ng bao gm cc b phn cm bin c ni vi
cc c cu tha hnh c bin i trc tip thnh tn hiu in tc ng ln cc c cu iu


khin t ng ng m cc van nc lnh, cc ca iu chnh gi, thay i cng sut gia
nhit
Ty theo mc sai lch cho php m cc thit b o lng, t ng iu chnh, khng
ch c th rt hin i m cng c th rt n gin.

1.2.2 Cc h thng iu tit khng kh
1.2.2.1 H thng kiu trung tm
- H thng iu ho trung tm:
H thng iu ho trung tm l h thng trong ch c mt b phn x l khng kh to
ra mt dng khng kh lnh chung cung cp cho nhiu khng gian cn iu ho. Hnh 1.4:
khng kh ti t ngoi tri qua ca ht 1 cng vi khng kh ti tun hon c ho trn trong
bung ho trn 2 sau khng kh c x l trong thit b x l m 3. Ti khng kh c
x l nhit m n trng thi nh trc ri nh qut cp gi 4 vn chuyn theo h thng ng dn
khng kh 5 ri chia i cc ng ng nhnh ti tng khng gian iu ha 7. Ti qua h thng
cc ming thi 6, khng kh cp khi trao i vi khng kh trong phng s nhn nhit, m v bi
t cc ngun trong phng thi ra. Sau c ht ra qua cc ming ht gi 8 ri theo ng ng
gi hi 9 n thit b x l bi 10. Sau khi c lm sch bi khng kh tun hon c qut gi
hi 11a tr li mt phn vo h thng ti bung ha trn 2, phn cn li thi ra ngoi qua ca
thi 12.



* H thng lm lnh bng gi:
Bao gm :
- H thng lm lnh bng gi, gii nhit dn ngng bng nc.
- H thng lm lnh bng gi, gii nhit dn ngng bng gi
Trong h thng ny bao gm cc thit b chnh nh : my lnh trung tm, cc knh dn gi v
phn phi gi lnh, thit b gii nhit dn ngng .......
Khc vi h th nht, h ny, my lnh trung tm sn xut ra gi lnh v cp ti cc khng
gian iu ho qua cc knh dn gi. Ti y, gi lnh ng vai tr l tc nhn trao i nhit, thc
hin qu trnh nhn nhit t mi trng trong phng, lm gim (tng) nhit , m trong
phng. Sau khi thc hin xong qu trnh ny, gi lnh li tun hon v my lnh trung tm qua
mt knh dn gi khc (hoc hi trc tip v bung my) v tip tc mt chu trnh mi.

+ u im ca h trung tm: Ch cn mt b phn x l khng kh cho nhiu phng iu
ho nn gi thnh thit b gim, tit kim c mt bng b tr my.
+ Nhc im: Ch to ra mt dng khng kh c cng trng thi nn khng p ng
c nhiu yu cu khc nhau ca cc phng cn iu ho,do thng phi t thm thit b
ph tr cho cc phng c nhu cu ring. h thng c ng ng dn khng kh di, tr lc ln,
tiu ph nhiu in nng dn ng qut v vt liu lm ng. Cc ng ng gi ni thng cc
khng gian iu ha li vi nhau nn c nguy c ly lan ha hon khi c mt ni b chy. H
thng rt kh lp t, cc thit b khng ch t ng iu chnh rt kh lp t v cc khng gian
iu ha c c im ch thi nhit, m khc nhau v yu cu ch nhit , m trong
phng cng khng ging nhau.
H thng kiu trung tm thng hay lp t cho cc cng trnh cng cng( rp ht, th
vin, trng quay) hoc cho cc x nghip kiu c ci to li nay lp h thng HKK.

* H thng lm lnh bng nc:
H thng my lnh trung tm bao gm cc phn chnh :
+ My lnh trung tm (CHILLER): L thit b sn xut ra nc lnh qua h thng ng
ng dn cung cp cho cc dn trao i nhit lp t trong cc khng gian iu ho lm lnh
khng kh.


+Cc dn trao i nhit (FAN COIL UNITs FCUs): L cc thit b t ti cc khu vc
cn iu ho (cng sut cc dn trao i nhit c chn da vo cng sut lnh yu cu ca
phng m lp cc loi khc nhau), ti y nc lnh t my lnh i qua dn lnh trao i
nhit vi khng kh trong phng v thc hin chc nng lm lnh.
+Thp gii nhit v bm nc: thc hin chc nng gii phng nng lng nhit ca bnh
ngng (my lnh) sau khi my lnh thc hin cng lm lnh nc trong bnh bay hi.
+ H thng ng ng v bm nc cp lnh: L h thng phn phi nc lnh t my lnh
trung tm n cc dn trao i nhit FCU.
+ H thng ng ng phn phi khng kh lnh: L h thng phn phi khng kh lnh t
cc FCU qua cc ming thi ti cc khu vc cn iu ho.
+ H thng in iu khin: L h thng iu khin khng ch lin ng cc thit b trong
h thng (My lnh, FCU, Bm nc v thp gii nhit)
Nc lnh sn xut ra ti cc my lnh trung tm c cp ti cc dn trao i nhit t
ti cc khng gian iu ho. Ti y, nc ng vai tr l tc nhn trao i nhit, thc hin qu
trnh nhn nhit t mi trng trong phng, lm gim (tng) nhit , m trong phng. Sau
khi thc hin xong qu trnh ny, nc li tun hon v my lnh trung tm v tip tc mt chu
trnh mi.
H thng ny ph hp vi nhng yu cu iu ho cho cc khng gian khc nhau c ch
nhit - m khc nhau.( mi khng gian ring bit ta c th la chn mt nhit -
m tu thch, tu thuc vo cch khng ch ti khng gian )
Yu cu v khng gian lp t cho h thng ny khng cao lm. Khong cch gia trn gi v
y dm khong t 100 - 200 mm l c th thc hin c.
c im ca h thng ny:
My lnh trung tm c th t trn tng mi hay trong phng k thut tng hm, cc dn
trao i nhit c t trong cc phng iu ho (thng thng l cc loi dn t trong trn gi
v c phn phi khng kh lnh thng qua ng ng gi v cc ca thi t trong trn), h
thng ng ng nc lnh phn phi cho cc dn trao i nhit c i trong hp k thut v
trn trn gi v vy vic lp t h thng khng lm nh hng n kt cu kin trc ca cng
trnh.
Vic cp lnh c thng qua h thng ng gi v cc ming thi t trn trn xung cc


khu vc ca phng iu ho do vic b tr cc ming thi m bo kh nng khuych tn
u khng kh lnh trong phng l hon ton c th thc hin c.
i vi h thng trung tm vic cp b xung kh ti rt n gin bng cch thng qua h
thng ng gi lp cc thit b ho trn khng kh AHU cp khng kh ti vo v ho trn vi
khng kh hi v ca mi FCU, AHU. (iu ny i vi cc my cc b kh c th thc hin
c).
Do h thng gii nhit bng nc nn trong qu trnh hot ng my lnh chy n nh, t
b nh hng bi nhit bn ngoi.
H s tiu th in nng thp hn na kh nng iu chnh cng sut ca h thng tt do
trong qu trnh vn hnh my lnh s t ng iu chnh cng sut my nn m bo gim
ti thiu chi ph in nng trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng. iu ny gim ng k chi ph vn
hnh cho ton b h thng.
bn v tui th cao ( trn 15 nm )
C di cng sut la chn rng, c th chn loi my vi cng sut ph hp vi cc loi
cng trnh thit k v u t m rng h thng d dng.



1.2.2.2 H thng iu ho phn tn
H thng kiu phn tn cng c th l kn hoc h. Mi gian iu ha c trang
b mt bung iu khng vi h thng vaanjh chuyn v phn phi khng kh ring, hot
ng c lp vi nhau.
+ u im: khng kh x l ng yu cu ca tng khng gian cn iu ho, h thng
ng ng khng kh ring bit cho mi khng gian iu ho, nn t c nguy c ly lan ho
hon. D dng t ng ha khu iu chnh khng ch, H thng ng dn ngn, tr lc nh cho
php s dng cc qut dc trc c nng sut gi ln, ct p b, kch thc nh d lp t
+ Nhc im: mi ni iu ho cn mt h thng ring nn chi ph u t ln, cn mt
bng t v nhiu thit b, nn tn km hn h thng trung tm.
1.2.2.3- H thng iu ho cc b
H thng iu ho cc b: H thng ch c tc dng trong mt khng gian hp v khng
c lm lnh trc tip ngay ti khng gian cn iu ho. H thng ny gm cc my cc b
n chic c lp t cho cc khu vc iu ho n l. My cc b gm 2 khi l :
+ Khi nng (OUTDOOR) t ngoi khu vc iu ho.
+ Khi lnh (INDOOR) l phn pht lnh c t trong khu vc iu ho.
c im ca h thng ny :
- L loi my nh (my dn dng) cng sut thng t 9.000... 96.000Btu/h.
- Lp t nhanh, d dng v khng i hi k thut cao.
- S dng n gin, khng b nh hng ca cc my khc trong h thng.
- Bo dng, sa cha n gin v c lp tng my.
- Vic lp t ri rc cc OUTDOOR trn tng ngoi nh s lm nh hng n kt cu kin
trc ca ton b to nh. (Vic treo cc OUTDOOR thng thng phi treo pha tng ngoi nh
m bo khng cch ni INDOOR vi OUTDOOR trong gii hn tiu chun).
- Do INDOOR v OUTDOOR ni vi nhau bng ng GAS trong trng hp my b d GAS
gy nh hng ti sc kho ca con ngi v nh hng n mi trng (lm ph hy tng
OZONE).
- i vi h thng my cc b vic cung cp kh ti cho phng thng l cp trc tip bng
qut gi, do vy khng kh khng c s l bi, m v thng to ln s chnh lch nhit


cao gia lung kh cp b xung v lung kh cp lnh ca INDOOR, gy cm gic kh chu cho
con ngi trong phng iu ha.
- Kh nng b tr cc INDOOR trong phng m bo khuych tn ng u b hn ch.
- Hiu sut hot ng ca my nh hng ln bi nhit bn ngoi c bit khi nhit khng
kh bn ngoi cao th hiu sut lm vic ca my gim ng k. nhit ngoi tri cao kh nng
trao i nhit ca dn nng thp, INDOOR pht ra cng sut lnh thp, my tnh trng qu
ti.
- H s tiu th in nng ln, chi ph vn hnh cao.
- bn v tui th s dng khng cao (khong 5...6 nm).
- Thng p dng cho nhng cng trnh nh, n gin khng yu cu cc thng s mi trng
c bit.
1.3 PHN LOI CC MY HKK
Cc my HKK c dn trao i nhit c s dng rt rng ri trong i sng cng nh
trong nhiu lnh vc k thut do chng c nhiu u im l nh gn, d lp t, vn hnh bo
dng, sa cha
1.3.1 Phn loi theo chc nng lm vic
- My iu ha mt chiu: Ch c kh nng lm lnh v gim m. Cc b phn ch yu
ca my bao gm: My nn lnh, dn ngng t, qut gii nhit, pin lc, tit lu, gin lnh, qut
gin lnh cc ming thi v ht khng kh, cc thit b iu khin khng ch
- My iu ha hai chiu: ( bm nhit) c kh nng lm lnh, si m v gim m. loi
my ny nh c thm van o chiu thc hin s phn b chiu chuyn ng tc nhn lnh nn
c th thay i chc nng ca gin trao di nhit.
1.3.2 Phn loi theo cu trc ca my
- My iu ho ca s: L loi my cc b c cng sut nh, tt c cc b phn ca my iu
ha c t trong v my v c t ln tng, mt na ngoi v mt na trong nh. N
c th l mt chiu hoc hai chiu.


+u im: Gn, d lp t.
+Nhc im: L phi c tng t my nn mt m quan, my c nng sut lnh nh.
- My iu ho ghp: my c phn thnh 2 mng:
+Mng trong nh (indoor unit) Mng trong nh gm mt hay nhiu khi trong c cha
dn bc hi (dn lnh) nn cn gi l khi lnh;
+Mng ngoi tri: Ch gm mt khi trong c cha dn ngng (dn nng) nn gi l
khi nng.
+u im: Gi thnh r, n gin gn nh, d s dng, vn hnh, lp t.
+Nhc im: Khong cch dn nng v dn lnh b hn ch ( di 20m), chnh lch
nhit gia dn nng v dn lnh khng qu ln, nng sut lnh nh.

- My iu ho dng t hai khi: mt khi trong nh (khi lnh) c th t ng hoc treo,
mt khi ngoi tri (khi nng). Loi my ny c nng sut lnh t va ti ln. Phn trong nh
c kch thc ln hn nhiu v c th cho php lp thm vo ng ng gi v ming ht,
thi c th s dng n nh mt my HTT cng c th dng n nh mt my cc b cng
sut ln.
1.3.3 Phn loi theo phng php x l khng kh
- My HKK x l khng kh trc tip: Khng kh c lm sch v lm kh gin lnh
v cng l gin bay hi ca my lnh hoc uc gia nhit gin nng cng l thit b ca gin
nng i vi my hai chiu.
- My HKK lm lnh bng nc: Khng kh c x l bi nc lnh tun hon trong
h thng, nc c lm lnh trong bnh bay hi ca my lnh, sau c bm n cc gin
lnh. y nc ng vai tr mi cht ti lnh. Mi trm lnh c th cung cp nc lnh cho
nhiu gin lnh.
H thng iu ha khng kh trung tm kiu lm lnh bng nc l h thng trong cm
my lnh khng trc tip x l khng kh m lm lnh nc. Sau nc c dn theo
ng ng c bc cch nhit n cc dn trao i nhit gi l cc FCU v AHU x l nhit
m khng kh. Nh vy trong h thng ny nc s dng lm cht ti lnh .
H thng gm cc thit b chnh sau :
- Cm my lnh Chiller.
- Thp gii nhit i vi my chiller gii nhit bng nc.


- Bm nc gii nhit
- Bm nc lnh tun hon
- Bnh gin n v cp nc b sung
- H thng x l nc
- Cc dn lnh FCU v AHU
- H thng iu ho khng kh gin tip kn:
+ H thng iu ho:
Hnh 1.3 S nguyn l h thng iu ho khng kh gin tip kn, y nc lnh t
bnh bc hi ca my lnh (my sn xut nc lnh Water Chiller) chuyn ng dn ti AHU
(t ngoi phng iu ho) hoc FCU (t trong phng iu ho cng vi qut) lm lnh
khng kh ri nc li quay li bnh bc hi ca my lnh. Vy nc lnh thc hin vng tun
hon m khng tip xc vi khng kh ngoi tri nn gi l h iu ho khng kh gin tip kn
(h iu ho nc lnh kn).

Hnh 1. 3: S nguyn l ca Water Chiller.
Trong h thng iu ho khng kh gin tip c ng ng dn khng kh ngi ta hay s
dng bin php thay i lu lng khng kh lnh iu chnh ph ti nng sut lnh cho ph
hp vi yu cu s dng.
+ u im ca iu ho gin tip kn vi AHU: C a mt lng khng kh ti t
ngoi tri vo nn khng kh trong khng gian iu ho trong sch hn. V vy h iu ho vi
AHU ny nn dng iu ho cho phng ng ngi hot ng (phng hp, phng n,...).
FCU
AHU
WATER
CHILLER
Nc lanh
Vn phong
Khng khhi
Khng khcp
Nc lanh
Thap giai nhit
Bnh gia n nva
cp nc bsung
Khng khti


+ Nhc im: Cn thm ng ng dn khng kh, mt phng t AHU, h thng ng
gi cng knh.
Khi cn si m v ma ng, ta cho my lnh ngng hot ng v thit b cung cp nc
nng hoc hi nc s i vo AHU t nng khng kh. Hoc khi s dng my lnh hai chiu
lc ny nc nng s cung cp cho AHU, FCU.
Trong h thng iu ho khng kh gin tip kn vi vic s dng FCU (gm dn ng c
cnh v qut) ta thy v FCU t ngay trong phng nn khng c h thng ng dn khng kh,
l u im. Nhng ngc li l khng ch ng c a mt lng khng kh ti t ngoi tri
vo phng nn trong sch khng kh trong phng gim. V l do ny ch nn dng FCU cho
phng iu ho c t ngi hot ng (phng ng, phng lm vic ...). Nu mt cng trnh cn
iu ho cho c phng ng ngi v phng t ngi th nn s dng h thng iu ho khng
kh gin tip kn vi c AHU v FCU.
+ H thng ng nc:
+ u im ca vic s dng ng nc so vi vic dng ng dn khng kh: t c m
quan ca cng trnh v ng nc nh. Hn na h thng iu ho vi ng nc lnh khng b ly
lan, ho hon nh trong ng ng c dn khng kh khi c ho hon xy ra.
+ Nhc im ca h thng ng nc: Tr lc trn cc ng ng dn ti cc FCU ln,
khc phc ngi ta dng mt h thng nc cp nhng vi hai ng nc hi, vi cch ny tr
lc ca nc qua cc FCU s ng u v chiu di ng nc i t my lnh qua cc FCU v
v my lnh s tng i bng nhau nn lng nc cung cp cho cc FCU cng ng u.
- H thng iu ho gin tip h:
y nc lnh c lm lnh trong bnh bc hi ca my lnh (WC-water chiller) ri
phun trong bung phun lm lnh khng kh ri c bm ht v my lnh. Nh vy nc
lnh thc hin vng tun hon h c tip xc vi khng kh nn y gi l h iu ho khng
kh gin tip h. Khng kh lnh to ra nh qut a vo khng gian cn iu ho, khng kh hi
t khng gian iu ho nh qut hi a vo bung hn hp vi khng kh ti ly t ngoi tri.
+ u im: C kh nng to ra khng kh lnh hoc nng c cha hi cao, v vy loi
ny thng dng cho cc phn xng sn xut.
+ Nhc im: Cu to bung phun phc tp hn AHU, FCU.



1.3.4 Phn loi theo phng php lm mt bnh ngng cu my lnh
- My HKK c lm mt bng gi: Thit b ngng t l loi gin ng c cnh uc
lm mt bng khng kh chuyn ng cng bc nh qut gi.
- My HKK c lm mt bng nc: Thit b ngng t kiu ng c lm mt bng
nc tun hon. Loi ny thng ch gp my mt chiu (lm lnh) thng dng cho cc my
c cng sut ln hoc trung bnh, khng dng cho cc loi c cng sut nh nh iu ha cc b.
Cc my HKK kiu kh u khng c kh nng tng m, v vy khi trong nh c yu cu
s dng m cao th cn phi s dng thm thit b tng m.

1.3 TNG QUAN V H THNG IU HA KHNG KH VRV
*My lnh trung tm daikin vrv
1.2.1 Gii thiu h thng my lnh trung tm VRV III ca Daikin.
- My iu ho ho VRV: v cu to my VRV ging nh my loi tch ri ngha l gm hai
mng: mng ngoi tri v mng trong nh ( gm nhiu khi trong c dn bc hi v qut ). S
khc nhau gia VRV v dng tch ri: vi VRV chiu di v chiu cao gia khi ngoi tri v
trong nh cho php rt ln (100m chiu di ln nht gia dn nng v dn lnh ).




Hnh 1.2: S mguyn l VRV
V vy khi ngoi tri c th t trn nc nh cao tng tit kim khng gian v iu kin
lm mt gin ngng bng khng kh tt hn. Ngoi ra my iu ho VRV c u vit l kh nng
ln trong vic thay i cng sut lnh bng vic thay i tn s in cp cho my nn, nn tc
quay ca my nn thay i v lu lng mi cht lnh cng thay i. Nhc im l ng dn
mi cht di nn kh kim tra r r v cn lng mi cht lnh np vo my nhiu hn.

VRV l vit tt ca t ting Anh Variable Refrigerant Volume, ngha l h thng iu
ha khng kh c lu lng mi cht c th thay i c thng qua iu chnh tn s dng in.
Daikin l nh sn xut iu ha khng kh u tin pht minh ra h thng ny v cho n nay
c hn 20 nm vi 3 th h VRV I, II &III.
VRV III chnh l phin bn ci tin quan trng ca VRV, nh du mt cuc cch
mng v cng ngh iu ha khng kh cho cc ta nh. Nhng k thut mi nht trong cng
ngh iu ha khng kh c p dng p ng mi yu cu ca khch hng. Dn nng ca
h thng ny gm t 1-3 my nn ty theo cng sut, trong c 1 my nn c iu khin
bin tn (inverter) theo nguyn l : khi thay i tn s in vo ng c my nn th tc quay
ca ng c thay i, do thay i tc nhn lnh qua my nn, kh nng thay i ph ti ca
my nn inverter rt rng do tn s in c th thay i trong phm vi t 52 n 210 Hz. Nh
nng sut lnh ca h thng c th iu chnh theo 62 bc cho my 54Hp, iu ny cho php
iu khin ring bit hoc iu khin tuyn tnh mi dn.


Thng thng, khi chn thit b HKK cho cc cng trnh cao tng thng phi cn
nhc gia vic la chn phng n my trung tm hay cc b. C 2 phng n ny u bc l
nhng nhc im ca n. Chng hn, vic lp t cc my cc b vi s lng ln cc dn
nng s lm nh hng nghim trng n cnh quan bn ngoi ta nh, trong trng hp b tr
vo mt khu vc khut no (tng mi) th li khng tha mn v cao v chiu di cho php
lp t. Ngc li, nu s dng h thng my trung tm, phi cn nhc n cc vn nh gia
tng kt cu sn, xy phng t my, i hi thit b d phng H thng Daikin VRV ra i,
vi cng ngh mi nhm khc phc nhng nhc im trn, l s kt hp nhng c tnh ni tri
ca 2 h thng tha mn n mc ti a yu cu ca bt c cng trnh no.
1.2.2 u im ca h thng Daikin VRV :
y l h thng lnh s dng cht ti nhit l gaz, dng nhit n lm lnh, gii nhit
bng gi, gm nhiu dn nng c lp ghp ni tip n khi p ng c tng ti lnh cho c
ta nh, mi dn nng s c kt ni vi nhiu dn lnh vi 14 kiu dng v nhiu thang cng
sut khc nhau d dng cho vic lc chn thit b ph hp vi yu cu kin trc m bo tnh
thm m cng nh rt linh ng trong vic b tr, phn chia li cc khu vc sau ny.
Do gii nhit bng gi: Nn h thng c th c lp t bt k ni u, k c
nhng ni khng c ngun nc sch; mt khc, n li khng i hi nhng thit b km theo
nh cc h thng gii nhit bng nc (yu cu phi c bm nc, thp gii nhit )
Vi k thut my nn iu khin iu khin bng bin tn: D dng iu chnh ti lnh
theo yu cu s dng, ngha l ti lnh thc s c s dng s nh hn nhiu so vi tng ti
thit k ban u, dn ti in nng tiu th ca c h thng cng gim i ng k ; ni cch khc
chng ta ch phi chi tr cho nhng g m chng ta s dng v vic tiu th in cng s c
gim st mt cch chnh xc nh vo nhng chc nng u vit ca h thng iu khin.
H thng mang tnh cht ni tri l s kt hp nhng c tnh u vit ca c lnh cc
b v trung tm, th hin ch tuy mi dn nng c kt hp ca vi nhiu dn lnh, nhng
vic tt hay m dn lnh ny khng nh hng n cc dn lnh khc v ni rng ra vic ngng
hay hot ng dn nng ny cng khng lm nh hng n cc dn nng khc trong cng h
thng.
H thng c an ton cao : v nhng l do sau y :
+ H thng c kh nng kt ni vi h thng bo chy ca ta nh; khi c ha hon xy ra
s t ng ngt ngun in hoc tng khu vc hoc c ta nh.


+ Do h thng khng s dng nhng ng ng dn gi ln nn s hn ch c vic dn
la v lan truyn khi trong trng hp c ha hon xy ra.
H thng ng : ng ng gaz ni gia dn nng v dn lnh ch l nhng ng ng c
tit din rt nh (ch bng 1/3 ng ng ca h thng chiller) do s lm gim thiu ti a chi
ph lp t cng nh khng i hi phi c nhng khong khng gian trn ln, gia c chc
treo nhng ng ng nc hay ng gi nh nhng h thng trung tm khc. N khng ging
nh h thng ng nc, khng cn cc thit b ph nh thit b lc, van chn, van 2 ng, 3 ng
Mt khc, chiu di ng ng gia dn lnh v dn nng cho php c tng ln ti a
165m v chnh lch cao ti a l 90m ( 50m i vi dn nng di 5hp), tha mn c cho
cng trnh cao tng bng cch a tt c cc dn nng ln trn nc, nh vy li tit kim c
phng t my cho mc ch s dng khc. Hn na, do tnh cht ng ni ch l nhng ng
ng ga thng thng nn s trnh c hin tng r r nc t trong ng ng. Do c nhiu
cch thc phn ng nhnh khc nhau nn h c kh nng p ng c vic b tr lp t cc
v tr khc nhau.
Dn nng c chn l loi dn nng t ng c kt cu gn nh c th a ln v tr
lp t rt d dng. Khi hot ng t c rung ng nn khng cn phi gia c sn t my, iu
ny cng c ngha l tit kim c 1 khong ng k cho ch u t. Mi dn nng bao gm
1 - 3 my nn trong c 1 my nn bin tn, do ch u t khng cn phi lo lng khi c s
c xy ra.
D dng lp t :
+ V tr lp t ng gas v in khin t 3 hng trn dn nng: pha trc, bn cnh v
bn di, ty thuc vo cch lp t. Cch b tr ny rt tin li cho vic thi cng lp t v bo
dng, ngay c khi cng trnh i hi c nhiu dn nng lp cnh nhau.
+ Chc nng t kim tra (Auto check function) kim tra cc s c v ng in v
ng ng dn gas bn trong. Vi hn 60 m li gip cng vic sa cha tr nn nhanh chng
v d dng hn rt nhiu.
H thng cho php iu khin c bng c 2 cch: cc b v trung tm. C th l,
mi dn lnh s c iu khin bng remote cc b d s dng. ng thi cung cp nhng tin
ch v to s thoi mi cho ngi s dng vi nhng tnh nng nh my lnh thng thng nh
tt/m, iu chnh nhit , tc qut, ci t hn gi . c bit, i vi ngi qun l, b
iu khin trung tm I-touch controller cho php gim st hot ng ca c h thng bng cch


theo di, kim tra qua mn hnh hoc ni mng vi trung tm x l, c kh nng kim sot c
vn tiu th in nng ca tng khu vc hay c ta nh, ci t ch hot ng cho c h
thng theo chu k hng tun, hng nm . c bit, vi chc nng t chn on s c c
trang b trn b iu khin gip cho vic x l c nhanh chng, d dng nhm duy tr h thng
vn hnh mt cch lin tc.
Nhit trong phng c iu khin mt cch chnh xc vi mc tinh vi rt cao nh
h iu khin PID (Propotional Integal Derivative iu khin da trn s cn i ca ton h
thng), vi b inverter v sensor cm bin, mn hnh a chc nng iu khin t xa LCD, t
ng thay i lm lnh hoc si m.
i vi cc nh cao tng, vic iu khin c th c thc hin bng h thng qun l
nh cao tng (building management system BMS) rt hin i.
-Tit kim chi ph vn hnh nh : H thng VRV s dng vic thay i lu lng mi cht
trong h thng thng qua iu chnh tn s dng in ca my nn, do t hiu qu cao trong
khi hot ng, tit kim c chi ph vn hnh ca h thng.
Cho php iu khin ring bit gia cc cm my trong h thng, do gim c chi
ph vn hnh.
Trong 1 h, cho php kt ni 1 dn nng vi 18 dn lnh c nng sut lnh v kiu dng
khc nhau. Nng sut lnh ca tng cc dn lnh ny cho php thay i t 50% n 130% nng
sut lnh ca dn nng( c th ln n 200% i vi mt s loi dn lnh), do khng cn thit
phi c my d tr, h thng vn hot ng bnh thng khi mt trong cc dn lnh h hng,
mt khc s lng dn nng s t i v iu ny c ngha l ch u t tit kim c chi ph
mua, bo hnh, bo tr dn nng cng nh tit kim c khng gian ni t dn nng.
H thng iu ho khng kh bin tn c cu thnh bi mt hoc nhiu h thng nh
hn, mi h thng nh bao gm 1 outdoor unit ni vi nhiu indoor unit thng qua mt tuyn
ng ng gas v h thng iu khin. H thng iu ho bin tn khc vi h thng iu ho
mt m nhiu con ch: my iu ho mt m nhiu con, mi indoor unit ni vi outdoor unit
bng mt tuyn ng gas ring bit; my iu ho bin tn, cc indoor unit ni vi outdoor unit
bng mt tuyn ng ng gas chung.
S dng h thng iu ho bin tn khi cng trnh c h s s dng khng ng thi ln, h
thng iu ho bin tn s tit kim c in nng tiu th do c kh nng iu chnh di cng
sut ln (10% - 100%).


Mc hin i ho, tin nghi, tnh linh ng cao. C th va iu khin cc b to tng
phng va iu khin trung tm. H thng c th kt ni vo h thng iu khin chung ca to
nh thng qua my tnh.
Thit b gn nh, chi ph vn hnh khng ln.
Lp t n gin, t lm nh hng n cc h thng thit b khc v t nh hng n tin
thi cng cng trnh.
H thng REFNET gin n cho php gim cng vic ni ng v lm tng tin cy ca h
thng. Do c nhiu cch thc phn nhnh ng khc nhau nn h c kh nng p ng c
nhng thit k khc nhau.
n gin ha vic u dy gia cc gin trong v cc gin ngoi, ng thi c kh nng lm
nh cng vic u dy thng qua vic t a ch t ng v nh h thng chuyn mch phc
hp cp i. Khi thao tc u dy v u ng gas c th trnh c nhm ln do c h thng
pht hin li t ng.
Tuy nhin, h thng cng c nhc im l chi ph u t ban u cao hn so vi cc h thng
khc nhng tin cy, hiu qu v tnh tin dng li tng ln rt nhiu.
My iu ho h VRV c 3 kiu gin nng: loi 1 chiu, loi 2 chiu bm nhit v loi 2 thu hi
nhit. Cc gin lnh gm c 9 loi vi nng sut lnh khc nhau:
- Loi m trn cassette 4 hng thi
- Loi m trn cassette 2 hng thi.
- Loi m trn cassette 1 hng thi.
- Loi m trn ni ng gi p sut tnh
- Loi m trn ni ng gi p sut cao
- Loi m trn ni ng gi dng mng
- Loi p trn
- Loi t sn.
- Loi treo tng


Hnh 1.4. Hnh nh dn lnh ,dn nng ,s kt ni trong thc t .

Hnh 1.6. S m phng kt ni 3 D cho khng gian vn phng .



Hnh 1.8: Dn lnh m trn ( Cassette ) a hng thi.

Hnh 1.7: Nh hng - Khch sn .



Hnh 1.9: Dn lnh m trn ( Cassette ) 2 hng thi.

Hnh 1.10: Dn lnh giu trn ni ng gi dng ming gi khe di
3


Hnh 1.11: Phng khch dng my lnh treo tng.



My lnh VRV cho bit th ,villa ,nh cao cp

Chi ph u t cho mt bit th l rt ln.Ngoi yu t ti chnh ra ch nhn ca mi cn
bit th cn mun cn nh ca mnh tht p v tin nghi nht.
Hin nay ch nhn cn bit th iu rt mun s dng h thng my lnh VRV cho ngi
nh thn yu ca mnh nhng khng phi ai cng bit v hiu r v h thng ny.Cng nh vic
lp t nh th no t thm m cao v d dng vn hnh vo bo dng sau ny.
i vi bit th th thng dng nht hin nay thng thit k dn lnh ( Indoor Unit ) kiu
giu trong trn v dn knh ra ra ngoi .C nhiu loi ming gi ph hp vi trang tr trn ,thm
m nht l ming gi khe di ( Linear Grille ) .Ngoi ra ta c th b tr thm ming gi khuych
tn 4 hng thi ,ming gi trn ... ty vo khu vc ca cn nh.



Di y l mt s hnh nh lp t ming gi .

Hinh 1.12 Ming gi khe di loi khuy ch tn gn trn

.


Hinh 1.13Dn lnh cassette 2 hng thi



C 2 kiu thng gi :

Cp gi ti bng qut thng gi . Gi ti c ly t bn ngoi dn vo tng phng bng
knh dn gi (lm bng tole trng km ) c th cp trc tip vo phng hoc cp vo hp gi hi
dn lnh. Tt nht l cp vo dn lnh v gi ti ngoi tri thng c nhit cao nu cp trc
tip vo khng gian iu ha s gy tn tht lnh v lm kh chu .
S dng h thng thu hi nhit HRV .

H thng HRV ca Daikin


y l cch tt nht to ra khng gian iu ha sn khoi nht cho cn phng. Gi tui
ngoi tri sau khi vo HRV s c lc bi bn v lm lnh s b nh mn lc thng mnh.Mc
khc mt dng gi thi mang hi lnh ly t khng gian iu ha s trao i vi nhau lm gim
nhit gi ti .Gi ti sau khi qua khi h thng HRV c th cp trc tip vo phng hoc
cp vo dn lnh .

Nguyn l thng gi nh



Thit b iu khin :
- Remote khng dy hoc Remote c dy .
- B iu khin trung tm c mn hnh cm ng ( Ty chn ).
- B m in PPD (Ty chn ).
- Phn mm truy cp web ( Khi s dng qun l ta nh BMS ).
H thng in ngun v in khin .
in khin : H thng dy tn hiu cc k n gin nhng hot ng cc k hiu qu .Dy tn
hiu c ni lin tip t dn lnh ny qua dn lnh kia v c ni vi dn nng .Nu s dng
B iu khin trung tm th tt c hot ng ca dn lnh s c bo b iu khin trung tm
.Chng ta c th iu chnh nhit ,ng ngt dn lnh tng phng , gip kim sot tt nht
hoc ng ton h thng.
in ngun : in ngun dn lnh c cp c lp hoc t t in tng mi dn lnh ng ngt
bi mt CB.
in ngun dn nng l in 3 pha .iu khin bng MCCB



Ceiling Mounted Cassette Type (Round Flow)
Cassette m trn a hng thi
Hnh thit b Hnh nh lp t

-----------------------

Ceiling Mounted Cassette Type (4 Flow) Cassette m trn 4 thi

-----------------------



Ceiling Mounted Cassette Type (Double Flow)
Cassette m trn 2 hng thi

Ceiling Mounted Cassette Corner Type
Cassette m trn 1 hng thi



-----------------------

Ceiling Suspendead Type
Kiu p trn

Ceiling Suspendead Cassette Type (Connection unit series)
Cassette p trn 4 hng thi



Concealed Floor Standing Type
Kiu m tng

Floor Standing Type
Kiu t sn



Slim Mounted Duct Type
Giu trn ni ng gi loi mng

Ceiling Mounted Duct Type
Giu trn ni ng gi loi dy



Wall Mounted Type
Kiu treo tng

Thng dng hin nay c 2 chun kt ni BMS l Bacnet va Lonworks .Nhng thng
dng nht l Bacnet.
i vi ta nh c h thng qun l ta nh BMS th vic kt ni h thng lnh VRV vo BMS
l bt buc.
Vy kt ni vo h thng BMS cho h thng iu ha VRV th ta cn g.
Vic kt ni cho h thng ny khng c g l phc tp .Trc tin ta phi c 1 trong 2 b iu
khin trung tm
1. Itouch contronller ( Nh hn 64 a ch kt ni v khng qu 128 dn lnh )
2. Intelligent Manager iu khin 1024 dn lnh .

T mt trong 2 b iu khin ny ta ch cn kt ni vo thit b Gateway
Model : DMS502B51 (Chun Bacnet)
Model : DMS504B51 (Chun LonWorks)






Rt nhiu ngi cho rng iu ha khng kh thc s l tin nghi cn thit. Tuy nhin,
tin in l mi lo ngi ln khin h ngn ngi khi quyt nh la chn tin nghi ny. Cng ngh
iu ha khng kh Inverter l gii php ca cc nh sn xut.

iu ha khng kh l mt trong nhng thit b tiu th in ln nht i vi cc c s
dch v, thng mi. Tiu th in ca h thng my lnh ti cc c s thng mi thng
chim t l ln, c th ln n 80% tng lng in tiu th. T l ny cn c th cao hn na
ti cc ta nh thng mi ln, trung tm mua bn, vn phng, bnh vin

Xt v mt k thut, cng sut lm lnh tht s ca my u ha khng kh thng thng
ch s dng nng lng mt mc, ngha l nng lng lm lnh mt trong hai trng thi:
ngng - pht. C th, khi t cng sut 60% my iu ha khng kh s pht trong 60% thi gian
v ngng pht trong khong thi gian cn li.

Vic cung cp nng lng ngt qung nh th s lm cho in nng cung cp cng b ngt
qung. Chnh iu ny to ra hin tng hao ph in. V y cng chnh l hn ch kh ln
ca khng t my iu ha khng kh hin nay.

Bc t ph

gii quyt nhc im ny, cng ngh bin tn Inverter ra i to ra bc t ph
trong vic a hao ph nng lng n mc tht nhp. Cng ngh bin tn Inverter thay th b
bin p v t in thng thng bng mch bin tn pht cng sut lm lnh cc mc nng
lng thp, trung bnh v cao vi nhiu u im.

Tit kim nng lng ti a vi vic cung cp mc pht u n lin tc ngay c khi chn
mc Medium hoc Low. y l im khc bit ln so vi mi my iu ha khng kh thng
thng, ch c th to hiu sut lin tc khi chn ch pht mc High, cn cc ch khc
ch thc hin c bng cch ngt qung.

Kt qu l iu ha khng kh Inverter tit kim nng lng v tng hiu sut. Khi s
dng loi my ny trung bnh 8 gi/ngy, s tin in phi tr hng thng l khong 160.000
ng. Mt thng minh gip t ng iu chnh nhit 20oC khi c ngi ra vo phng gim
tiu hao in n 20%.

Ngoi ra, vi cng ngh ny, khng kh lnh s truyn nh nhng su vo bn trong
phng, trnh tnh trng khng kh lnh tp trung cc b ti khu vc gn dn lnh, cho php nng
cao hiu sut in nng.



Cc chuyn gia k thut, Nh phn phi my iu ha nhn hiu Daikin (Nht Bn) -
a ra nhiu li khuyn gip ngi tiu dng tit kim ti a in khi s dng iu ha khng
kh.

u tin cn phi cn c vo v tr, din tch v cch nhit ca phng la chn my. Vi
cc cn h nh th c th dng loi hai mnh hoc mt cc. Phng c din tch 9 - 15 m2 c th
gn my cng sut 9000 BTU/h, din tch 15 - 20 m2 dng my 12.000 BTU/h, din tch 20 - 30
m2 chn loi 24.000 BTU/h.

Vic la chn cng sut thch hp cn ph thuc vo s ngi thng xuyn trong phng,
che ph nh sng mt tri, cch nhit ca phng, v tr v ln ca ca s. Nu phng c
bng che gim 10% cng sut, nu mt tri chiu sut ngy, tng 10% cng sut.

Trung bnh 6 thng, cn v sinh my mt ln, nu khng hiu sut my s gim: lnh
km, thi gian lm lnh lu, tiu hao nhiu in, thm ch c th dn n chy my.

Nhiu ngi ngh rng v sinh my ngha l ch ra li lc, nhng iu ny l cha . Cn
phi ra c dn nng, ng ng dn gas, block nn th my s hot ng vi hiu sut tt hn.
Sau khi v sinh, my s phc hi lnh nh c m khng cn np thm gas.

Cng ngh bin tn Inverter xut hin t trn 20 nm nay tt c cc hng sn xut iu
ha khng kh nhung do ngi tiu dng cha nm c nhng thng tin v cng ngh tit kim
nng lng ny nn ch c rt t hng tung sn phm ra th trng nh Daikin, Carrier,
Mitsubishi, Panasonic.



CHNG 2:
GII THIU CNG TRNH TNH TON
NNG SUT LNH CNG TRNH V LA CHN PHNG N HKK

2.1 GII THIU PHN TCH CNG TRNH THIT K
2.1.1 Tng quan mt bng kin trc cng trnh
Ta nh c s nghin cu v o to ca Hc vin Khoa hc X hi, s 477 Nguyn
Tri, Thanh Xun, H Ni. Cng trnh gm 15 tng bao gm c tng hm v tng mi, vi tng
din tch mt bng xy dng ln ti 54200x19400 = 1051,48m
2
.
Tng hm ca ta nh dnh lm Gara xe, b ngm. mi tng u c thit k, b ch
mt bng s dng phn phng, khu vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: Phng hp, phng hi
tho, hi trng, phng hc, cc snh ngh, khu v sinh Ta nh gm 4 cu thang my, 4 cu
thang b vi 3 phn khu, 2 trc k thut
Ta nh c snh trc l hng ng, c kt cu bi cc tr chnh, dm chnh tng
gch bao quanh dy 20cm (c trt va). trn sn xi mng b tong. Ca phng loi 2 cch khung
nhm. Knh trong, phng, dy 6mm. Rm che berlla trng kiu H Lan.
Di y l mt bng tng 3 v tng 4 ca ta nh nghin cu v o to ca hc vin
khoa hc x hi.







Hai tng 3, 4 c kt cu kin trc cng nh mc ch s dng nh nhau vi b ch v
din tch cc phng nh bng di.
Kin trc, kt cu, v mc ch s dng Tng 3:

Phng

Mc ch s dng

Chiu di tng theo cc hng (m)
Chiu
cao tng
(m)
Trn
gi (m)
ng Ty Nam Bc

3.6

0.6
1 Bo v lun n, lun vn 15.83 15.83 6.98 6.98
2 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
3 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
4 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
5 Bo v lun n, lun vn 15.83 15.83 6.98 6.98
6 Bo v lun n, lun vn 8.86 8.86 8.18 8.18
7 V sinh 3.57 3.57 7.27 7.27
8 Phng ch 3.37 3.37 7.27 7.27
9 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
10 V sinh 5.39 5.39 5.344 5.344
11 Bo v lun n, lun vn 8.86 8.86 8.18 8.18



Kin trc, kt cu, v mc ch s dng Tng 4:

Phng

Mc ch s dng

Chiu di tng tip xc vi khng
gian bn ngoi (m)
Chiu
cao tng
(m)
Trn
gi (m)
ng Ty Nam Bc

3.6

0.6
1 Phng hc 15.83 15.83 6.98 6.98
2 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
3 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
4 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
5 Phng hc 15.83 15.83 6.98 6.98
6 Phng hc 8.86 8.86 8.18 8.18
7 V sinh 3.57 3.57 7.27 7.27
8 Phng ch 3.37 3.37 7.27 7.27
9 Phng hc 7.27 7.27 7.27 7.27
10 Phng hc 8.86 8.86 8.18 8.18



2.1.2 Tnh ton nng sut lnh ca cng trnh
y s s dng phn mm tnh ton ti lnh HVACR-BK ca thy o Ngc Hng
tnh cn bng nhit v cn bng m cho cng trnh.
2.1.2.1 La chn thng s tnh ton
Thng s tnh ton y l nhit v m tng i ca khng kh trong phng cn iu
ho v ngoi tri.
- Chn thng s tnh ton bn ngoi tri
Theo TCVN 5687 2010 mc 4.2.2 TSTT bn ngoi dng thit k HKK s chn theo h
s m( s gi cho php khng m bo ch nhit m bn trong nh). Cng trnh la chn loi
h thng HKK cp III nn chn TSTT nh sau:
Ma h:
Vi h s: m = 350 h/nm ta c: t = 35.4
0
C = 56.6% i =88.89 kj/kg
t
s
= 25
0
C t

= 27.7

Ma ng:
Vi h s : m = 350h/nm ta c: t = 11.7
0
C = 85.5% i = 29.98 kj/kg
- Chn thng s tnh ton bn trong phng
Theo ph lc A TCVN 5687 chn TSTT ca khng kh bn trong nh dng thit k
HKK m bo iu kin tin nghi nhit nh sau:
Nhit : t = 26
0
C
m : = 70 %
Vn tc gi: v = 0.5 m/s

2.1.2.2 Ti lnh v tng nhit ca phng
- Phng 1:







Tng t ng vi cc phng, Tng nhit c thng k trong bng di:

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