CH TIN T: H thng cc th ch v t chc v qun l lu thng tin t ca mt nc.

. Nh nc quyt nh n v tin t, t gi cc loi du hiu tin t trong lu thng v ch pht hnh chng; c s bo m ca tin t, cc hnh thc chu chuyn, chi tr khng dng tin mt; quy nh mt cch u n t gi ng tin quc gia vi ng tin ngoi t; c s bo m gi tr ng tin; phn nh ranh gii v qun l cht ch cc lnh vc chu chuyn, chi tr bng tin mt v khng dng tin mt trong nn kinh t quc dn Nh chng ta bit c 4 ch tin t l Ch n bn v bc v ch n bn v vng. Ch song bn v. Ch bn v ngoi t. Ch lu thng tin giy (tin du hiu).

Bn v tin t l th c dng lm c s nh gi ng tin quc gia. y l yu t thng thay i trong ch tin t.

Lch s phat trin tin t cho thy, bn v tin t ca cc nc do iu kin c th ca mi thi k quyt nh. Cho n nay cac ch bn v tin t sau y c s dng:

Ch song bn v: ng tin ca mt nc c xc nh bng mt trng lng c nh ca hai kim loi (thng l vng v bc). Vi d: nm 1792, 1 USD vng bng 1.603 gam vng rong; 1 USD bc bng 24,06 gam bc rong. Do , trng lng 1 USD bc bng 15 ln trng lng 1 USD vng. Ch ny tng c ap dng Anh, Hoa K

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Ch bn v tin vng: ng tin ca mt nc c bo m bng mt trng lng vng nht nh theo quy nh ca phap lut vi nhng yeu cu nh Nh nc khoang hn ch vic c tin vng, tin giy quc gia c nh nc xc nh mt trng lng vng nht nh v c t do chuyn oi ra vng theo t l , v tin vng c lu thng khng hn ch. Ch ny c ap dng ph bin cc nc cui th k XIX v u th k XX. Ch bn v vng thi: Ch ny cng quy nh cho n v tin t quc gia mt trng lng vng c nh. Nhng vng c c thnh thi m khong thnh tin, khng lu thng trong nn kinh t m ch d tr lm phng tin thanh toan quc t v chuyn dch ti sn ra nc ngoi. Tin giy quc gia c i ra vng theo lut nh.

Ch ny tng c ap dng Anh nm 1925, Php nm 1928...

Ch bn v vng hi oi: y l ch quy nh tin giy quc gia khng c trc tip chuyn i ra vng. Mun i ra vng, cn phi thong qua mt ngoi t. Ngoi t phi c t do chuyn i ra vng nh USD, Bng Anh... Ch ny tng c ap dng n nm 1898, c nm 1924, H Lan nm 1928... Ch bn v ngoi t: Ch ny quy nh n v tin t quc gia c xc nh bng n v tin t ca nc ngoi (ngoi t). l cc ngoi t mnh v c t do chuyn i tren th trng quc t. Ch ny s dng ph bin nhng nc co it vng hoc b l thuc vo nc khac. Ch ny tng c ap dng t 1944-1971. Bt u sp t 1960.

Ch bn v tin giy khong chuyn i ra vng: Di ch ny, n v tin t ca mt quc gia khng c chuyn i ra kim loi qu. Theo , vng b rut ra khi lu thng trong nc, tin giy khng c i ra vng v vng ch c dng thanh toan quc t. Ch ny ph bin vo nhng nm 1930.