By: Brett Dowling

Social Studies 10

02/06/2012

Exam Review Study Guide Questions

TOPIC ONE: GEOGRAPHY

TOPIC TWO: CONFLICTS Seven Years War/War of 1812/American Revolution Who was General James Wolfe? How did he die? British Army Officer, remembered for his victory over the French in Canada Died at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, after being shot three times while advancing

Who defeated France in the Seven Years War of 1756? The British

1837/1838 Rebellions/Red River/North West Rebellions Who lead the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada?

By: Brett Dowling -

Social Studies 10

02/06/2012

LJ Papineau, Nelson and the Patriotes in Lower Canada Mackenzie in Upper Canada

Why is Louis Riel significant? Why was his trial unfair? Where was he excuted? Fought for the rights of the Mtis ( Aboriginal, European) Red River Resistance o Creation of Manitoba for the Mtis population o National Mtis Committee o Land rights o Opposition to John Schultz, Orange Order Canadian Party (anti-French, antiCatholic) North West Uprising o Riel comes back from exile o Mtis Bill of Rights produced Unfair because trial was moved to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in front of an all white, English-speaking jury o Jury recommends Mercy, but Judge sentences death Hung in Regina, North West Territories

Why was the Battle of Batoche significant? It marked the end of the North West Rebellion, as Canadian troops showed their military superiority- Gatling Gun Riel surrenders

Was the fur trade beneficial for both natives and Europeans? Explain. No. Firstly, natives deserted old sustenance practices and became heavily reliant on the volatile European Fur and commodity economy. Secondly, alcoholism. Finally, the introduction of foreign diseases (such as small pox) annihilated much of the indigenous population.

TOPIC THREE: IMMIGRATION Who were the late loyalists? Where did the loyalists migrate to in Canada. Loyalists, in general, are those loyal to the British crown. Since the USA became independent in 1776, some loyalists waited around to see if they would receive compensation for their losses during the American Revolution from the government. When in 1791, Canada (through the constitution act) reasserted its allegiance to the British Crown, loyalists came up from the USA. Other late loyalists were attracted to the cheap land. Most settled in Upper Canada (70 000), some in Easter Lower Canada (10 000)

By: Brett Dowling

Social Studies 10

02/06/2012

Historically, has Canada been a welcoming country for immigration. Yes Allowed Blacks in during the early 1800s Europeans were encouraged to come over- French werent denied but werent necessarily welcomed Asians for the railway Particularly welcomed English, Scottish, and Irish NATIONAL POLICY

TOPIC FOUR and FIVE: SOCIAL STRUCTURES What were the oligarchies in Upper and Lower Canada? Who were they comprised of? Upper Canada: Family Compact Lower Canada: Chateau Clique Comprised of wealthy (English speaking) landowners, educators, businessmen (John Moslon- Molson Brewery- part of the Clique) and leaders of the Anglican Church

What was the structure of government in 1791? What individuals were elected and appointed? Of the people, only Male landowners were allowed to vote. They elected the Legislative Assembly The British Government appointed a Governor, who appointed both the Executive (Cabinet) and Legislative (Like senate, upper house) Councils- These were oligarchies

Who was Lieutenant Governor, Francis Bond-Head? Appointed to appease reformers who wanted responsible government in 1835 Appointed reformer Robert Baldwin to the Executive Council Ignored everything he said Legislative Assembly refused to pass any money bills, so bond dissolved government New election, through persuasion that radicals and reformers were pushing American Republicanism, Conservatives (family compact) got majority in assembly Fought down William Mackenzies rebellions of 1837

What was the Durham report? Was it accepted? The Durham report suggested 4 things: o The cause of rebellion in Upper Canada was mainly Clergy and Crown reserves (1/7th of all land, each) being used obtrusively and not for public use o The cause of rebellion in Lower Canada was mainly caused by the disconnect between British governance and the Canadien people o The Canadas should join

By: Brett Dowling

Social Studies 10

02/06/2012

o Responsible government should be installed The Act of Union (1841) did implement recommendation 3, creating Canada east and Canada west. The oligarchy did not like these changes, because it took power away form them. Lower Canadian people also disapproved, since Upper Canada debt would spread to them and the government would be mainly British

Who was Governor Elgin? Governor General, a progressive relative of Lord Durham Allowed the Legislative Assembly to form its own government and Executive Council, comprised of elected officials members Even if Elgin personally disapproved of something, he didnt reject the motion if it passed through the Legislative Assembly

What does the term ante bellum mean? The state before war, as in any territory gained or lost during a war is returned to its owner from before the war

TOPIC FIVE: CONFEDERATION What form of government did Macdonald chose for Canada in 1867? What style of government was this? A federal democracy. In other words, it was a responsible and representative government, whose powers would be divided between provinces, municipalities, and the country

Who was Joseph Howe? Howe was a major proponent in Maritime responsible government. He was a newspaper writer originally, but rose to prominence in Nova Scotia He twice got the Governor of Nova Scotia removed with a no confidence vote in the assembly He believed that since Great Britain had responsible government, all its dominions (Canada included) should get it too Finally, the British Government appointed a governor who was sympathetic to Howes demands, and so he formed his own Cabinet in Nova Scotia Later, he became a member of the new Canadian parliament He opposed Confederation, but Charles Tupper (premier of Nova Scotia) passed it through eventually Howe worked in parliament to better Nova Scotia rather than resist confederation

When was the Canadian Confederation? When did Manitoba enter Confederation?

By: Brett Dowling -

Social Studies 10

02/06/2012

Confederation was in 1867 (Canada (Ontario and Quebec), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick) Manitoba joined in 1870

What were arguments made for and against BC joining Confederation? FOR Common History (HBC & NWC) Fear of American Annexation Promise of CPR Economic Incentives (trade, debt alleviation) AGAINST USA= Better Market Distrust of Canadians (abuse of rights) Geographical disconnect

What was Sir John A. Macdonalds National Policy? How did it affect BC? The economy? Three main points: o Encourage settlement of the prairies to farm o High tariffs on imports to encourage industry in the East o Continuation of the CPR BC desperately needed the CPR, which was put on hold by the Liberal government. The CPR would bring economic stability, as BC would become a hub for trading with the East The plan did not encourage settlement into the far West (ie. BC) which was not good The tariffs also hurt the cheaper prices that the US could offer to Canada

TOPIC SIX: ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Who is Alexander Mackenzie? Two possibilities: o Explorer who initially worked for the HBC but switched to the NWC. First went north to Arctic Ocean (Mackenzie River) and then West to the Pacific (Fraser Canyon) o Liberal Prime Minister, interrupting MacDonalds administration. Halted development on CPR, instead completed Parliament buildings, negotiated free trade with USA, Supreme Court of Canada

What was the Treaty of Nootka Sound? Row between Spain and Great Britain over trading rights around the northwest coast Spain actively tried to remove Britains presence Resulted in the ratification of 3 treaties, stating that both countries had rights to trade from the port. Neither could claim sovereignty. Both could set up temporary buildings, no factories.

By: Brett Dowling

Social Studies 10

02/06/2012

Who was James Douglas? How was he significant in the development of BC? Who was Begbie? James Douglas was initially a chief factor of the HBCs Fort Victoria post Later became Governor of Vancouver Island colony Later severed HBC ties, becoming Governor of the mainland colony as well Significant to the development of BC because he brought law and order to the 2 western British colonies. He strongly believed in infrastructure, building cities (new west), encouraging immigration (Navy Port in Victoria), and facilitating booms (gold rushwagon road) Respected all peoples equally (including First Nations) Laid the foundation for an economically prosperous and socially tolerant society. Begbie was Douglas right hand man- the chief justice of BC and Van Isl. Known as the hanging judge he was tough but fair and well respected

Where were the major gold rushes in BC? First, the Fraser Valley gold rush (led to the next one as people went up the Fraser and Thomson Rivers)located in the Fraser Valley, along the Fraser and Thomson Rivers Second, the Cariboo gold rushlocated in the Cariboo region (north of Yale, up to Quesnel, then East to Barkerville)

What was the capital of the colony of BC? Initially Fort Langley (Derby) Later changed to New Westminster